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Jin P, Cong S. LOX-1 and atherosclerotic-related diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 491:24-29. [PMID: 30639239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), a scavenger receptor of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) found in various cells, plays a crucial role in the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Animal studies have suggested that LOX-1 mediates the balance between internalization and degeneration of endothelial cells, thereby contributing to various steps in the atherosclerotic process, from initiation to plaque rupture. Under pathological conditions, the extracellular domain of membrane bound LOX-1 can be largely proteolytically cleaved into a soluble form (sLOX-1), which is proportional and linked to the LOX-1 expression level. Circulating levels of sLOX-1 are regarded as a risk biomarker for plaque rupture and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Recently, studies have shown that sLOX-1 is also elevated in patients with acute stroke and can be a predictive biomarker for acute stroke. With the discovery of the vital role of LOX-1 in atherosclerosis, there is growing focus on the influence of LOX-1 in atherosclerotic-related diseases, including coronary arterial disease(CAD), stroke, and other cardiovascular events. Genetic polymorphisms of LOX-1 have been investigated and have been found to modulate the risk of these diseases. Most polymorphisms have been found to be risk factors, except for the splicing isoform LOXIN. This review concludes with a discussion of the potential future applications of LOX-1 for atherosclerotic-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingfei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shuyan Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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52
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Ma C, Xie J, Luo C, Yin H, Li R, Wang X, Xiong W, Zhang T, Jiang P, Qi W, Zhou T, Yang Z, Wang W, Ma J, Gao G, Yang X. OxLDL promotes lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in gastric cancer by upregulating VEGF‑C expression and secretion. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:572-584. [PMID: 30483757 PMCID: PMC6317679 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most malignant tumor types, and its metastasis is a notable cause of mortality. Among the methods of tumor metastasis, lymphatic metastasis is the predominant one in gastric cancer. A previous study reported that the plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is the risk factor associated with the development of tumors in patients with abnormal lipid metabolism, but the influence of plasma oxLDL in the lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer remains unclear. In the present study, the concentration of plasma oxLDL from patients with gastric cancer was detected with an ELISA kit, and the lymphatic vessel density in gastric cancer tissues was determined by D2-40 staining. The correlation analysis of oxLDL concentration and lymphatic vessel density demonstrated that plasma oxLDL was positively correlated with lymphatic metastasis in patients with gastric cancer. Subsequently, the popliteal lymph node metastasis animal experiment with nude mice confirmed that oxLDL could promote the lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer. Following this, the western blotting and ELISA data demonstrated that oxLDL promoted the expression and secretion of vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF)-C in gastric cancer cell lines. Finally, blocking the lectin-like oxLDL-1 (LOX-1) receptor, a specific receptor for oxLDL, and the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway following oxLDL (50 µg/ml) treatment in HGC-27 cells revealed that oxLDL could activate the NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by LOX-1, with subsequent upregulation of VEGF-C expression, and secretion in and from gastric cancer cells, and finally that it could promote the lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer. These data indicate the association between the plasma oxLDL and the lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer, and indicate that oxLDL elimination may be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and intervention of early lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqi Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jinye Xie
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chuanghua Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Haofan Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ruopu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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53
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Ghazi-Khanloosani M, Bandegi AR, Kokhaei P, Barati M, Pakdel A. CRP and LOX-1: a Mechanism for Increasing the Tumorigenic Potential of Colorectal Cancer Carcinoma Cell Line. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1467-1475. [PMID: 30368730 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and dyslipidemia are associated with an increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). Serum C- reactive protein (CRP) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), as Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) ligands, increase during inflammation and dyslipidemia, respectively. To evaluate the effects of CRP on the expression of important genes involved in the development of CRC, the CRC cell line, LS174T, was treated with the commercial CRP. Based on the Real-time PCR data, in the presence of CRP, LOX-1, CEA, MMP1, and MMP2 mRNA expression significantly increased, compared to the control group. Moreover, in the presence of CRP, secretion, and expression of CEA in the cell lysate and conditioned media increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of flow cytometry showed that expression of LOX-1 receptors at the cell surface increased significantly in the presence of 10 mg/L of CRP. However, inhibition of LOX-1 receptors with a specific monoclonal antibody reduced the effects of CRP on protein/mRNA expression. In conclusion, Increased CRP level, can potentially elevate the expression of important genes in CRC by stimulating LOX-1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Ghazi-Khanloosani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Pakdel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. .,Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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54
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Protective Effects of Chinese Traditional Medicine Longhu Rendan against Atherosclerosis via Negative Regulation of LOX-1. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4812639. [PMID: 30402125 PMCID: PMC6196979 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4812639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Longhu Rendan (LHRD), a Chinese traditional compound medicine, has a remarkable treatment effect on motion sickness for about half a century. However, the role of LHRD in atherosclerosis treatment is still unclear. In this study, LHRD treatment significantly diminished total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in apolipoprotein E gene-knockout (ApoE−/−) mice fed with high fat and high cholesterol diet (western diet). Besides, LHRD treatment significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion and plaques formation in both aortic roots and aortic trees. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining in aortic roots demonstrated that LHRD treatment inhibited lectin-like oxidized low-density-lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression in atherosclerotic plaques. These results indicated that LHRD ameliorated atherosclerosis via reducing serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C as well as LOX-1 expression, subsequently attenuating atherosclerotic lesion and lipid deposition. In conclusion, LHRD could significantly attenuate experimental atherosclerosis and might be a novel potential drug for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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55
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Lyu JJ, Mehta JL, Li Y, Ye L, Sun SN, Sun HS, Li JC, Zhang DM, Wei J. Mitochondrial Autophagy and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Pulmonary Tissues from Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice after Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1174-1184. [PMID: 29722336 PMCID: PMC5956768 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.231519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases has been increasing. Furthermore, there are more and more patients with solid organ transplants. The survival rate of these immunocompromised individuals is extremely low when they are severely hit-on. In this study, we established cardiac arrest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) model in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, analyzed the expression and activation of mitochondrial autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase-1, and explored mitochondrial repair and inflammatory injury in immunodeficiency individual during systemic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: A potassium chloride-induced cardiac arrest model was established in C57BL/6 and nonobese diabetic/SCID (NOD/SCID) mice. One hundred male C57BL/6 mice and 100 male NOD/SCID mice were randomly divided into five groups (control, 2 h post-CPR, 12 h post-CPR, 24 h post-CPR, and 48 h post-CPR). A temporal dynamic view of alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and neutrophils from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained using Giemsa staining. Spatial characterization of phenotypic analysis of macrophages in the lung interstitial tissue was analyzed by flow cytometry. The morphological changes of mitochondria 48 h after CPR were studied by transmission electron microscopy and quantified according to the Flameng grading system. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the expression and activation of the markers of mitochondrial autophagy, NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase-1. Results: (1) In NOD/SCID mice, macrophages were disintegrated in BALF, and many alveolar epithelial cells were shed at 48 h after resuscitation. Compared with C57BL/6 mice, the ratio of macrophages/total cells peaked at 12 h and was significantly higher in NOD/SCID mice (31.17 ± 4.13 vs. 49.69 ± 2.43, t = 14.46, P = 0.001). After 24 h, the results showed a downward trend. Furthermore, a large number of macrophages were disintegrated in the BALF. (2) Mitochondrial autophagy was present in both C57BL/6 and NOD/SCID mice after CPR, but it began late in the NOD/SCID mice. Compared with C57BL/6 mice, phos-ULK1 (Ser327) expression was significantly lower at 2 h and 12 h after CPR (2 h after CPR: 1.88 ± 0.36 vs. 1.12 ± 0.11, t = −1.36, P < 0.01 and 12 h after CPR: 1.52 ± 0.16 vs. 1.05 ± 0.12, t = −0.33, P < 0.01), whereas phos-ULK1 (Ser757) expression was significantly higher at 2 h and 12 h after CPR in NOD/SCID mice (2 h after CPR: 1.28 ± 0.12 vs. 1.69 ± 0.14, t = 1.7, P < 0.01 and 12 h after CPR: 1.33 ± 0.10 vs. 1.94 ± 0.13, t = 2.75, P < 0.01). (3) Furthermore, NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase-1 activation in the pulmonary tissues occurred early and for only a short time in C57BL/6 mice, but this phenomenon was sustained in NOD/SCID mice. The expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome increased modestly in the C57 mice, but the increase was higher in the NOD/SCID mice than in the C57BL/6 mice, especially at 12, 24, 48 h after CPR (48 h after CPR: 1.46 ± 0.13 vs. 2.97 ± 0.19, t = 5.34, P = 0.001). The expression of caspase-1-20 generally followed the same pattern as the NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusions: There is a regulatory relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and mitochondrial autophagy after CPR in the healthy mice. This regulatory relationship was disturbed in the NOD/SCID mice because the signals for mitochondrial autophagy occurred late, and NLRP3 inflammasome- and caspase-1-dependent cell injury was sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jun Lyu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Emergency, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Lu Ye
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Sun
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Hong-Shuang Sun
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Jia-Chang Li
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
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56
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iRhom2 promotes atherosclerosis through macrophage inflammation and induction of oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1897-1904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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57
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Zhong X, Li P, Li J, He R, Cheng G, Li Y. Downregulation of microRNA‑34a inhibits oxidized low‑density lipoprotein‑induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1134-1144. [PMID: 29750293 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (ox‑LDL) promotes endothelial cell dysfunction, which is a primary risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. A previous study reported that microRNA (miRNA/miR)‑34a is upregulated in atherosclerotic samples. However, its function and underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, miRNA microarray analysis was performed to investigate the miRNA expression profile in atherosclerotic plaque tissues and examine the role of miR‑34a in ox‑LDL‑induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cell viability, apoptosis and protein expression was determined by a cell counting kit‑8 assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis, respectively. It was observed that miR‑34a was upregulated in atherosclerotic plaque tissues and that ox‑LDL treatment significantly increased the levels of miR‑34a in a dose‑dependent manner in the HUVECs. The knockdown of miR‑34a increased the protein expression of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and cell viability, improved mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased the activity of caspase‑3, number of apoptotic cells and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria in the ox‑LDL‑treated HUVECs. The results also demonstrated that the knockdown of miR‑34a suppressed the levels of ox‑LDL‑induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HUVECs. Additionally, it was found that Bcl‑2 was a target of miR‑34a in HUVECs, and that silencing Bcl‑2 abrogated the protective effects of the downregulation of miR‑34a on ox‑LDL‑induced apoptosis. These data indicated that the knockdown of miR‑34a protected against ox‑LDL apoptosis and ROS in HUVECs via inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, suggesting it may offer potential as a biomarker in the clinical diagnosis and as a target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Ruili He
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Guanchang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
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Dihydromyricetin protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from injury through ERK and Akt mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Apoptosis 2018; 22:1013-1024. [PMID: 28612103 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease is the predominant cause of death worldwide. Ox-LDL-induced vascular endothelial cell injury is a major factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a flavonoid extracted from vine tea that exerts multiple pharmacological activities, including cardio-protective, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidative effects. However, it is unreported that DMY shows protective effects on ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury. In this study, we used an ox-LDL injured human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) in vitro model to explore the protective effects and mechanism of DMY. HUVECs were pretreatment with DMY and then exposed to ox-LDL, the cell viability was measured. Then, the anti-oxidative enzymes were tested by commercial kits and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry, cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin-V/PI assay and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by western blot. Our results showed that DMY pretreatment provided cytoprotective effects by suppressing ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, caspase-3 activation, and modulation of oxidative enzymes, thereby inhibiting ROS generation. The anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of DMY were abrogated by the transfection of Nrf2 siRNAs and HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP. Furthermore, DMY might activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway through activation of the Akt and ERK1/2 pathways, as shown by the inhibition of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling by the inhibitors PD98059 or LY294002 and the transfection of ERK, Akt siRNAs. In this study, DMY protects HUVECs from ox-LDL-induced oxidative injury by activating Akt and ERK1/2, which subsequently activates Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, thereby up-regulating antioxidant enzymes and anti-apoptotic proteins.
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59
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Balzan S, Lubrano V. LOX-1 receptor: A potential link in atherosclerosis and cancer. Life Sci 2018; 198:79-86. [PMID: 29462603 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Altered production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis and cancer. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a lectin-like receptor for oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) primarily expressed in endothelial cells and vasculature-rich organs. LOX-1 receptors is a marker for atherosclerosis, and once activated by ox-LDL or other ligands, stimulates the expression of adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and proangiogenic proteins, including NF-kB and VEGF, in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. Several different types of cancer reported LOX-1 gene upregulation, and numerous interplays exist concerning LOX-1 in atherosclerosis, metabolic diseases and cancer. One of them involves NF-kB, an oncogenic protein that regulates the transcription of several inflammatory genes response. In a model of cellular transformation, the MCF10A ER-Src, inhibition of LOX-1 gene reduces NF-kB activation and the inflammatory and hypoxia pathways, suggesting a mechanistic connection between cellular transformation and atherosclerosis. The remodeling proteins MMP-2 and MMP-9 have been found increased in angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaque and also in human prostate cancer cells. In this review, we outlined the role of LOX-1 in atherogenesis and tumorigenesis as a potential link in these diseases, suggesting that LOX-1 inhibition could represent a promising strategy in the treatment of atherosclerosis and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Balzan
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Valter Lubrano
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
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60
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Chen M, Ren L, Meng Y, Shi L, Chen L, Yu B, Wu Q, Qi G. The protease inhibitor E64d improves ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction in human aortic endothelial cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:120-127. [PMID: 28854341 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced endothelial dysfunction in human vascular endothelial cells contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. E64d, a cysteine protease inhibitor, blocks the elastolytic activity of cathepsin essential for vascular matrix remodeling and reduces neurovascular endothelial apoptosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and the underling mechanisms of E64d on ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). HAECs were treated with various concentrations of ox-LDL (0–200 mg/L) for 24 h with or without E64d. The results showed that E64d attenuated ox-LDL-induced increase in soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) concentration and reduction in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, prevented ox-LDL-induced reduction in cell viability and migration ability of HAECs. E64d decreased the protein expression of cathepsin B (CTSB), Beclin 1, and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II, but not p62. LC3 puncta and autophagosome formation were also reduced by E64d in HAECs. Moreover, E64d decreased the production of MDA and increased the activity of SOD. The results showed that E64d ameliorated ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction in HAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lina Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanyan Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liye Shi
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guoxian Qi
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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61
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Murdocca M, Mango R, Pucci S, Biocca S, Testa B, Capuano R, Paolesse R, Sanchez M, Orlandi A, di Natale C, Novelli G, Sangiuolo F. The lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1: a new potential molecular target in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:14765-80. [PMID: 26895376 PMCID: PMC4924750 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of new biomarkers and targets for tailored therapy in human colorectal cancer (CRC) onset and progression is an interesting challenge. CRC tissue produces an excess of ox-LDL, suggesting a close correlation between lipid dysfunction and malignant transformation. Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) is involved in several mechanisms closely linked to tumorigenesis. Here we report a tumor specific LOX-1 overexpression in human colon cancers: LOX-1 results strongly increased in the 72% of carcinomas (P<0.001), and strongly overexpressed in 90% of highly aggressive and metastatic tumours (P<0.001), as compared to normal mucosa. Moreover LOX-1 results modulated since the early stage of the disease (adenomas vs normal mucosa; P<0.001) suggesting an involvement in tumor insurgence and progression. The in vitro knockdown of LOX-1 in DLD-1 and HCT-8 colon cancer cells by siRNA and anti-LOX-1 antibody triggers to an impaired proliferation rate and affects the maintenance of cell growth and tumorigenicity. The wound-healing assay reveals an evident impairment in closing the scratch. Lastly knockdown of LOX-1 delineates a specific pattern of volatile compounds characterized by the presence of a butyrate derivative, suggesting a potential role of LOX-1 in tumor-specific epigenetic regulation in neoplastic cells. The role of LOX-1 as a novel biomarker and molecular target represents a concrete opportunity to improve current therapeutic strategies for CRC. In addition, the innovative application of a technology focused to the identification of LOX-1 driven volatiles specific to colorectal cancer provides a promising diagnostic tool for CRC screening and for monitoring the response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Mango
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Section of Cardiology, Policlinic of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Pucci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Biocca
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Testa
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Capuano
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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62
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Ferk F, Kundi M, Brath H, Szekeres T, Al-Serori H, Mišík M, Saiko P, Marculescu R, Wagner KH, Knasmueller S. Gallic Acid Improves Health-Associated Biochemical Parameters and Prevents Oxidative Damage of DNA in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Results of a Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [PMID: 29193677 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Oxidative imbalance plays a key role in cancer induction and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study is to find out if gallic acid (GA) prevents oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Therefore, we investigate its impact on oxidation of DNA bases and on other health-related macromolecules. METHODS AND RESULTS We perform an intervention study (n = 19) with GA and monitored alterations of the DNA stability in single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assays in lymphocytes. Furthermore, a panel of health-related biomarkers is measured before and after consumption of GA (15 mg p-1 d-1 ) for 7 d. Significant reduction of oxidized purines (by 31%, p < 0.001, effect size 0.404) and pyrimidines (by 2%, p < 0.022, effect size 0.089) is observed in SCGE assays. Furthermore, the plasma concentrations of oxidized-LDL and C-reactive protein are reduced after the intervention by 24% (p = 0.014, effect size 0.384) and 39% (p < 0.001, effect size 0.686), respectively. No alterations of other biomarkers are found. CONCLUSIONS A small amount of GA (in the range of daily consumption in Central Europe) prevents oxidative DNA damage and reduces markers which reflect inflammation and increased risks of cancer and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute for Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Brath
- Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, Health Centre South, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Szekeres
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Halh Al-Serori
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Saiko
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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63
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Liu D, Zeng X, Li X, Mehta JL, Wang X. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 113:5. [PMID: 29224086 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome is a key multiprotein signaling platform that tightly controls inflammatory responses and coordinates antimicrobial host defenses by activating caspase-1 for the subsequent maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, and induces pyroptosis. The assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome are linked to the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes, and their major consequences-myocardial remodeling. The study of the NLRP3 inflammasome in these cardiovascular disease states may uncover important triggers and endogenous modulators of the disease, and lead to new treatment strategies. This review outlines current insights into NLRP3 inflammasome research associated with cardiovascular diseases and discusses the questions that remain in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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Hofmann A, Brunssen C, Morawietz H. Contribution of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 and LOX-1 modulating compounds to vascular diseases. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 107:S1537-1891(17)30171-4. [PMID: 29056472 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is the major receptor for binding and uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in endothelial cells. LOX-1 is also expressed in macrophages, smooth muscle cells and platelets. Following internalization of oxLDL, LOX-1 initiates a vicious cycle from activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, thus promoting an increased reactive oxygen species formation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. LOX-1 plays a pivotal role in the development of endothelial dysfunction, foam cell and advanced lesions formation as well as in myocardial ischemia. Furthermore, it is known that LOX-1 plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial DNA damage, vascular cell apoptosis, and autophagy. A large number of studies provide evidence of a LOX-1's role in endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. In addition, novel insights into LOX-1 ligands and the activated signaling pathways have been gained. Recent studies have shown an interaction of LOX-1 with microRNA's, thus providing novel tools to regulate LOX-1 function. Because LOX-1 is increased in atherosclerotic plaques and contributes to endothelial dysfunction, several compounds were tested in vivo and in vitro to modulate the LOX-1 expression in therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Rubio V, García-Pérez AI, Herráez A, Tejedor MC, Diez JC. Esculetin modulates cytotoxicity induced by oxidants in NB4 human leukemia cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:700-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li J, Liang X, Wang Y, Xu Z, Li G. Investigation of highly expressed PCSK9 in atherosclerotic plaques and ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1817-1825. [PMID: 28656218 PMCID: PMC5561783 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the direct toxicity of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) to atherosclerosis (AS) and its association with apoptotic endothelial cells. Apolipoprotein E−/− mice were randomly divided into two groups, control and experimental. The control group was administered a normal diet and the experimental group was administered a high-fat diet. After 20 weeks, the aorta was isolated and dissected. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with varied concentrations of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for different times. The apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis were conducted to detect the expression of PCSK9, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax) and caspase-3. Short hairpin (sh) RNA-PCSK9 was transfected into endothelial cells using lentiviral transfection. The expression levels of PCSK9, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway proteins were detected. The high-fat group was successfully established as an AS model and PCSK9 was highly expressed in the AS plaque. Treatment with ox-LDL induced apoptosis and increased mRNA and protein levels of PCSK9. PCSK9 mRNA and proteins levels were downregulated by shRNA-PCSK9. The deficiency of PCSK9 markedly inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and promoted anti-apoptotic proteins. In addition, phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases was altered by shRNA-PCSK9. Targeting of PCSK9 by shRNA-PCSK9 may repress endothelial cell apoptosis through MAPK signaling in AS, providing a novel direction for understanding the mechanism and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic‑Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Xue Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic‑Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic‑Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic‑Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic‑Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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Nègre-Salvayre A, Augé N, Camaré C, Bacchetti T, Ferretti G, Salvayre R. Dual signaling evoked by oxidized LDLs in vascular cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:118-133. [PMID: 28189852 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative theory of atherosclerosis relies on the modification of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) in the vascular wall by reactive oxygen species. Modified LDLs, such as oxidized LDLs, are thought to participate in the formation of early atherosclerotic lesions (accumulation of foam cells and fatty streaks), whereas their role in advanced lesions and atherothrombotic events is more debated, because antioxidant supplementation failed to prevent coronary disease events and mortality in intervention randomized trials. As oxidized LDLs and oxidized lipids are present in atherosclerotic lesions and are able to trigger cell signaling on cultured vascular cells and macrophages, it has been proposed that they could play a role in atherogenesis and atherosclerotic vascular remodeling. Oxidized LDLs exhibit dual biological effects, which are dependent on extent of lipid peroxidation, nature of oxidized lipids (oxidized phospholipids, oxysterols, malondialdehyde, α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenals), concentration of oxidized LDLs and uptake by scavenger receptors (e.g. CD36, LOX-1, SRA) that signal through different transduction pathways. Moderate concentrations of mildly oxidized LDLs are proinflammatory and trigger cell migration and proliferation, whereas higher concentrations induce cell growth arrest and apoptosis. The balance between survival and apoptotic responses evoked by oxidized LDLs depends on cellular systems that regulate the cell fate, such as ceramide/sphingosine-1-phosphate rheostat, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and expression of pro/antiapoptotic proteins. In vivo, the intimal concentration of oxidized LDLs depends on the influx (hypercholesterolemia, endothelial permeability), residence time and lipid composition of LDLs, oxidative stress intensity, induction of defense mechanisms (antioxidant systems, heat shock proteins). As a consequence, the local cellular responses to oxidized LDLs may stimulate inflammatory or anti-inflammatory pathways, angiogenic or antiangiogenic responses, survival or apoptosis, thereby contributing to plaque growth, instability, complication (intraplaque hemorrhage, proteolysis, calcification, apoptosis) and rupture. Finally, these dual properties suggest that oxLDLs could be implicated at each step of atherosclerosis development, from early fatty streaks to advanced lesions, depending on the nature and concentration of their oxidized lipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Camaré
- Inserm UMR-1048, France; University of Toulouse, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Dept, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Robert Salvayre
- Inserm UMR-1048, France; University of Toulouse, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Dept, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
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Kanaoka Y, Koga M, Sugiyama K, Ohishi K, Kataoka Y, Yamauchi A. Varenicline enhances oxidized LDL uptake by increasing expression of LOX-1 and CD36 scavenger receptors through α 7 nAChR in macrophages. Toxicology 2017; 380:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Li C, Zhang J, Wu H, Li L, Yang C, Song S, Peng P, Shao M, Zhang M, Zhao J, Zhao R, Wu W, Ruan Y, Wang L, Gu J. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 facilitates metastasis of gastric cancer through driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45275. [PMID: 28345638 PMCID: PMC5366889 DOI: 10.1038/srep45275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a pattern recognition receptor that plays a critical role in vascular diseases and host immune response. Recently, our research discovered that LOX-1 could facilitate the uptake of dying cells and cross-presentation of cellular antigen via binding with heat shock proteins, which have a close relationship with gastric neoplasia. Therefore, we speculated that LOX-1 may serve as an oncogene in gastric cancer (GC) development and progression. In this study, through immunohistochemistry staining assay and cancer-related databases, we found that LOX-1 expression was up-regulated in GC tissues and correlated with a poor prognosis in GC patients. The expression of LOX-1 was an independent prognostic factor for OS in GC patients, and the incorporation of LOX-1 with TNM stage is more accurate for predicting prognosis. Additionally, in vitro study by transwell assay and western blot analysis confirmed that LOX-1 could promote the migration and invasion of GC cells by driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β activation. Taken together, we first explored the expression profiles, clinical significance and biological function of LOX-1 in GC, and these data suggest that LOX-1 may represent a promising prognostic biomarker for GC and offer a novel molecular target for GC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Caiting Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Shushu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Peike Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Miaomiao Shao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Weicheng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
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Spahis S, Borys JM, Levy E. Metabolic Syndrome as a Multifaceted Risk Factor for Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:445-461. [PMID: 27302002 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a greater risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is estimated that this multifactorial condition affects 20%-30% of the world's population. A detailed understanding of MetS mechanisms is crucial for the development of effective prevention strategies and adequate intervention tools that could curb its increasing prevalence and limit its comorbidities, particularly in younger age groups. With advances in basic redox biology, oxidative stress (OxS) involvement in the complex pathophysiology of MetS has become widely accepted. Nevertheless, its clear association with and causative effects on MetS require further elucidation. Recent Advances: Although a better understanding of the causes, risks, and effects of MetS is essential, studies suggest that oxidant/antioxidant imbalance is a key contributor to this condition. OxS is now understood to be a major underlying mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction, ectopic lipid accumulation, and gut microbiota impairment. CRITICAL ISSUES Further studies, particularly in the field of translational research, are clearly required to understand and control the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, especially in the mitochondria, since the various therapeutic trials conducted to date have not targeted this major ROS-generating system, aimed to delay MetS onset, or prevent its progression. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Multiple relevant markers need to be identified to clarify the role of ROS in the etiology of MetS. Future clinical trials should provide important proof of concept for the effectiveness of antioxidants as useful therapeutic approaches to simultaneously counteract mitochondrial OxS, alleviate MetS symptoms, and prevent complications. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 445-461.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schohraya Spahis
- 1 Research Center , Ste-Justine MUHC, Montreal, Canada .,2 Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Emile Levy
- 1 Research Center , Ste-Justine MUHC, Montreal, Canada .,2 Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Canada .,3 EPODE International Network , Paris, France
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Liu Y, Chen X, Li J. Resveratrol protects against oxidized low‑density lipoprotein‑induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell apoptosis via inhibition of mitochondrial‑derived oxidative stress. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2457-2464. [PMID: 28447714 PMCID: PMC5428741 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural phytochemical found in grapes and red wine, has been found to possess protective effects against endothelial cell apoptosis and oxidative damage. Oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) can induce apoptosis of endothelial cells, which is an important initial event in several cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of resveratrol on ox-LDL-induced apoptosis and oxidative damage, and the possible associated mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, following exposure to ox-LDL, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with or without resveratrol. Cell viability was examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine uptake assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Apoptosis-associated markers were detected using western blot analysis. Oxidative stress was analyzed using molecular and biochemical approaches. Resveratrol restored ox-LDL-induced HUVEC injury and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, compared with the control group, ox-LDL treatment decreased the B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of superoxide dismutase, and enhanced the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, the activation of caspase and lipid peroxidation. All these alterations were significantly inhibited following treatment with resveratrol. The results demonstrated that resveratrol prevented HUVEC apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondria-derived oxidative damage. These findings may provide a novel mechanism by which resveratrol prevents against endothelial cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongchuan Kuangwuju Central Hospital, Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry Group, Tongchuan, Shaanxi 727000, P.R. China
| | - Xizhou Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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Cramer DW, Vitonis AF. Signatures of reproductive events on blood counts and biomarkers of inflammation: Implications for chronic disease risk. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172530. [PMID: 28234958 PMCID: PMC5325665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether inflammation mediates how reproductive events affect chronic-disease risk is unclear. We studied inflammatory biomarkers in the context of reproductive events using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. From 15,986 eligible women from the 1999–2011 data cycles, we accessed information on reproductive events, blood counts, C-reactive protein (CRP), and total homocysteine (tHCY). We calculated blood-count ratios including: platelet-lymphocyte (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte (LMR), platelet-monocyte (PMR), and neutrophil-monocyte (NMR). Using sampling weights per NHANES guidelines, means for counts, ratios, or biomarkers by reproductive events were compared using linear regression. We performed trend tests and calculated p-values with partial sum of squares F-tests. Higher PLR and lower LMR were associated with nulliparity. In postmenopausal women, lower PMR was associated with early age at first birth and higher NMR with later age at and shorter interval since last birth. Lower PNR and higher neutrophils and tHCY were associated with early natural menopause. In all women, the neutrophil count correlated positively with CRP; but, in premenopausal women, correlated inversely with tHCY. Reproductive events leave residual signatures on blood counts and inflammatory biomarkers that could underlie their links to chronic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Allison F. Vitonis
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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LOX-1 and Its Splice Variants: A New Challenge for Atherosclerosis and Cancer-Targeted Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020290. [PMID: 28146073 PMCID: PMC5343826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a process in which precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing sites are differentially selected to diversify the protein isoform population. Changes in AS patterns have an essential role in normal development, differentiation and response to physiological stimuli. It is documented that AS can generate both “risk” and “protective” splice variants that can contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases including atherosclerosis. The main endothelial receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDLs) is LOX-1 receptor protein encoded by the OLR1 gene. When OLR1 undergoes AS events, it generates three variants: OLR1, OLR1D4 and LOXIN. The latter lacks exon 5 and two-thirds of the functional domain. Literature data demonstrate a protective role of LOXIN in pathologies correlated with LOX-1 overexpression such as atherosclerosis and tumors. In this review, we summarize recent developments in understanding of OLR1 AS while also highlighting data warranting further investigation of this process as a novel therapeutic target.
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Liu C, Zhao J, Liu Y, Huang Y, Shen Y, Wang J, Sun W, Sun Y. A novel pentacyclic triterpenoid, Ilexgenin A, shows reduction of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:115-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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The effect of nandrolone treatment with and without enforced swimming on histological and biochemical changes in the heart and coronary artery of male rats. Anatol J Cardiol 2016; 17:176-183. [PMID: 27752030 PMCID: PMC5864976 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2016.7333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chronic anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) consumption increases incidence of cardiovascular abnormalities in athletes and mechanisms underlying those abnormalities continue to be investigated. This study examines whether nandrolone consumption induced cardiac and coronary artery wall abnormalities via oxidative stress. It was also designed to determine whether enforced swimming augmented possible cardiotoxic effects of nandrolone in rat heart. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control, nandrolone, and nandrolone with enforced swimming. Nandrolone group received 10 mg/kg body weight nandrolone 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Nandrolone group with enforced swimming received the same amount of nandrolone and was forced to swim with excess weight of 20% body weight. Results: After 6 weeks of treatment, results indicated proliferation of heart muscle and coronary smooth muscle cells and lipid peroxidation; significant rise in levels of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, homocysteine (Hcy), apolipoprotein B, low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol, as well as severe fibrosis in heart tissue and around coronary arteries of nandrolone and nandrolone with enforced swimming groups compared with control group. Conclusion: These findings strongly support idea that nandrolone intake by sedentary rats and exercised rats induced heart abnormality mediated by oxidative stress, which was manifest in increased lipid peroxidation, Hcy, and 8-OHdG in heart tissue.
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76
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Wang YC, Hu YW, Sha YH, Gao JJ, Ma X, Li SF, Zhao JY, Qiu YR, Lu JB, Huang C, Zhao JJ, Zheng L, Wang Q. Ox-LDL Upregulates IL-6 Expression by Enhancing NF-κB in an IGF2-Dependent Manner in THP-1 Macrophages. Inflammation 2016; 38:2116-23. [PMID: 26063187 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is well established as a vital factor in determining the risk of coronary heart disease and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Moreover, accumulating evidences have shown that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) can promote IL-6 expression in macrophages. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of how ox-LDL upregulates IL-6 expression remains largely unexplained. We found that the expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and IL-6 was upregulated at both the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner when treated with 0, 25, 50, or 100 μg/mL of ox-LDL for 48 h in THP-1 macrophages. Moreover, overexpression of IGF2 significantly upregulated NF-κB and IL-6 expressions in THP-1 macrophages. However, the upregulation of NF-κB and IL-6 expressions induced by ox-LDL were significantly abolished by IGF2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in THP-1 macrophages. Further studies indicated the upregulation of IL-6 induced by ox-LDL could be abolished when treated with NF-κB siRNA in THP-1 macrophages. Ox-LDL might upregulate IL-6 in the cell and its secretion via enhancing NF-κB in an IGF2-dependent manner in THP-1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chao Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yan-Hua Sha
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ji-Juan Gao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shu-Fen Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yu-Rong Qiu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jing-Bo Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Chuan Huang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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Condamine T, Dominguez GA, Youn JI, Kossenkov AV, Mony S, Alicea-Torres K, Tcyganov E, Hashimoto A, Nefedova Y, Lin C, Partlova S, Garfall A, Vogl DT, Xu X, Knight SC, Malietzis G, Lee GH, Eruslanov E, Albelda SM, Wang X, Mehta JL, Bewtra M, Rustgi A, Hockstein N, Witt R, Masters G, Nam B, Smirnov D, Sepulveda MA, Gabrilovich DI. Lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor-1 distinguishes population of human polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer patients. Sci Immunol 2016; 1. [PMID: 28417112 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaf8943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) are important regulators of immune responses in cancer and have been directly implicated in promotion of tumor progression. However, the heterogeneity of these cells and lack of distinct markers hampers the progress in understanding of the biology and clinical importance of these cells. Using partial enrichment of PMN-MDSC with gradient centrifugation we determined that low density PMN-MDSC and high density neutrophils from the same cancer patients had a distinct gene profile. Most prominent changes were observed in the expression of genes associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Surprisingly, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was one of the most increased regulators and its receptor oxidized LDL receptor 1 OLR1 was one of the most overexpressed genes in PMN-MDSC. Lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) encoded by OLR1 was practically undetectable in neutrophils in peripheral blood of healthy donors, whereas 5-15% of total neutrophils in cancer patients and 15-50% of neutrophils in tumor tissues were LOX-1+. In contrast to their LOX-1- counterparts, LOX-1+ neutrophils had gene signature, potent immune suppressive activity, up-regulation of ER stress, and other biochemical characteristics of PMN-MDSC. Moreover, induction of ER stress in neutrophils from healthy donors up-regulated LOX-1 expression and converted these cells to suppressive PMN-MDSC. Thus, we identified a specific marker of human PMN-MDSC associated with ER stress and lipid metabolism, which provides new insight to the biology and potential therapeutic targeting of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Je-In Youn
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Sridevi Mony
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cindy Lin
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Alfred Garfall
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dan T Vogl
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Stella C Knight
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK HA1 3UJ
| | - George Malietzis
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK HA1 3UJ.,St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK, HA1 3UJ
| | - Gui Han Lee
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK HA1 3UJ.,St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK, HA1 3UJ
| | - Evgeniy Eruslanov
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Meenakshi Bewtra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anil Rustgi
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Neil Hockstein
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Robert Witt
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Gregory Masters
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Brian Nam
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Denis Smirnov
- Janssen Oncology Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Manuel A Sepulveda
- Janssen Oncology Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
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78
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Haddouche M, Meziane W, Hadjidj Z, Mesli N, Aribi M. Clinical association of baseline levels of conjugated dienes in low-density lipoprotein and nitric oxide with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and their relationship with immunoglobulins and Th1-to-Th2 ratio. J Blood Med 2016; 7:111-9. [PMID: 27330333 PMCID: PMC4898418 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s103967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to highlight the clinical association of baseline levels of conjugated dienes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL-BCD) and nitric oxide (NO) with immunoglobulins (Igs) and T helper (Th)1/Th2 ratio in patients with newly diagnosed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Patients and methods Thirty-two newly diagnosed patients with aggressive B-cell NHL and 25 age-, sex-, and body-mass-index-matched healthy controls were randomly selected for a cross-sectional case–control study conducted at the Hematology Department of Tlemcen Medical Centre University (northwest of Algeria). Results Circulating levels of LDL-BCD and NO and those of IgA and IgM were significantly higher in patients than in controls. The levels of Th1/Th2 ratio and plasma total antioxidant capacity were significantly lower in patients compared with controls, while malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels were significantly higher in patients. B-cell NHL was significantly associated with high levels of LDL-BCD from 25th to 75th percentile (25th percentile: relative risk [RR] =2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42–3.59, P=0.014; 50th percentile: RR =2.84, 95% CI 1.72–4.68, P<0.001; 75th percentile: RR =5.43, 95% CI 2.58–11.42, P<0.001). Similarly, the disease was significantly associated with high levels of NO production from 25th to 75th percentile (25th percentile: RR =2.07, 95% CI 1.25–3.44, P=0.024; 50th percentile: RR =2.78, 95% CI 1.63–4.72, P<0.001; 75th percentile: RR =4.68, 95% CI 2.21–9.91, P<0.001). Moreover, LDL-BCD levels were positively and significantly correlated with interferon (IFN)-γ, whereas NO levels were inversely and significantly correlated with IFN-γ and Th1/Th2 ratio. Conclusion LDL-BCD and NO production seem to be associated with aggressive B-cell NHL and alteration of Th1/Th2 ratio. Our results have to be examined using ex vivo mechanistic studies leading to further investigations of these parameters, with an interest in the link between Epstein–Barr virus infection and NO and immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Haddouche
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Tlemcen, Algeria; Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Warda Meziane
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Tlemcen, Algeria; Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Zeyneb Hadjidj
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Tlemcen, Algeria; Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Naima Mesli
- Hematology Department, Tlemcen Medical Centre University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mourad Aribi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Tlemcen, Algeria; Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, Algeria
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79
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Chen X, Zhang H, Hill MA, Zhang C, Park Y. Regulation of Coronary Endothelial Function by Interactions between TNF-α, LOX-1 and Adiponectin in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. J Vasc Res 2016; 52:372-82. [PMID: 27050429 PMCID: PMC5091078 DOI: 10.1159/000443887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Although individual contributions of TNF-α, LOX-1 and adiponectin to the regulation of endothelial function were previously studied, their interactions in the regulation of coronary endothelial function remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the interactions between TNF-α, LOX-1 and adiponectin in endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. METHODS Vasodilator function was assessed in coronary arterioles isolated from wild-type, apolipoprotein (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice, ApoE KO null for TNF-α (ApoE KOTNF-/TNF-) and ApoE KO mice treated with neutralizing antibodies to either TNF-α and LOX-1, or recombinant adiponectin. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used for mechanistic studies. RESULTS Acetylcholine (Ach) dilation was impaired in ApoE KO mice. KO of TNF-α, anti-TNF-α anti-LOX-1 or adiponectin restored impaired ACh vasodilation without affecting endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated vasodilation. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated colocalization of TNF-α with vascular smooth muscle cells, and adiponectin with endothelial cells. ApoE KO mice showed increased protein expression of LOX-1, NF-x03BA;B, NADPH oxidase subunit NOX4 and nitrotyrosine (N-Tyr) levels in coronary arterioles. Treatment with anti-TNF-α, anti-LOX-1 and adiponectin suppressed protein expression of LOX-1, NOX4, NF-x03BA;B and N-Tyr levels. CONCLUSION Adiponectin, anti-TNF-α and anti-LOX-1 exert vasoprotective effects in atherosclerotic ApoE KO mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adiponectin/metabolism
- Adiponectin/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Arterioles/drug effects
- Arterioles/metabolism
- Arterioles/physiopathology
- Coronary Artery Disease/genetics
- Coronary Artery Disease/metabolism
- Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology
- Coronary Artery Disease/prevention & control
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NADPH Oxidase 4
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Scavenger Receptors, Class E/antagonists & inhibitors
- Scavenger Receptors, Class E/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/deficiency
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Chen
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Cuihua Zhang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Yoonjung Park
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
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80
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Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 regulates autophagy and Toll-like receptor 4 in the brain of hypertensive mice. J Hypertens 2016; 33:525-33; discussion 533. [PMID: 25380158 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) regulates blood pressure and is important for the development of inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy. We posited that LOX-1 via NADPH oxidase activation may affect autophagy and Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 expression in the brains of hypertensive mice. METHODS To examine this postulate, wild-type mice were given continuous infusion of angiotensin II (50 ng/min) for 28 days. As expected, these mice developed significant increase in blood pressure. RESULTS Corpus callosum in the brains of these hypertensive mice revealed intense expression of NADPH oxidase (subunits P22phox and P47phox), activation of P38 MAPK and nuclear factor-kappaB (P65), autophagy-related proteins (beclin-1 and conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II), and TLR4 (and associated signaling molecules myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88) and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β). These observations suggested activation of redox signals, autophagy and immune system. In parallel experiments, mice with LOX-1 deletion given similar infusion of angiotensin II showed much less expression of NADPH oxidase, activation of P38 MAPK and nuclear factor-kappaB, autophagy-related proteins and TLR4 [and myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88) and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β]. Mice with LOX-1 deletion also showed a smaller rise in blood pressure than wild-type mice, both groups given similar infusion of angiotensin II. CONCLUSION These studies suggest immune activation in the brains of mice with angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Further, these observations imply the existence of a link between LOX-1, NADPH oxidase expression, development of autophagy and immune activation in hypertension.
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81
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Thakkar S, Wang X, Khaidakov M, Dai Y, Gokulan K, Mehta JL, Varughese KI. Structure-based Design Targeted at LOX-1, a Receptor for Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16740. [PMID: 26578342 PMCID: PMC4649741 DOI: 10.1038/srep16740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis related cardiovascular diseases continue to be the primary cause of mortality in developed countries. The elevated level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is generally considered to be the driver of atherosclerosis, but recent years have seen a shift in this perception in that the vascular plaque buildup is mainly caused by oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) rather than native-LDL. The scavenger receptor LOX-1 found in endothelial cells binds and internalizes ox-LDL which leads to the initiation of plaque formation in arteries. Using virtual screening techniques, we identified a few potential small molecule inhibitors of LOX-1 and tested their inhibitory potential using differential scanning fluorimetry and various cellular assays. Two of these molecules significantly reduced the uptake of ox-LDL by human endothelial cells, LOX-1 transcription and the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs in human endothelial cells. In addition, these molecules suppressed ox-LDL-induced VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion onto human endothelial cells demonstrating their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Thakkar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Magomed Khaidakov
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Yao Dai
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kuppan Gokulan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kottayil I Varughese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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82
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Chen KC, Liao YC, Wang JY, Lin YC, Chen CH, Juo SHH. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein is a common risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and gastroenterological cancers via epigenomical regulation of microRNA-210. Oncotarget 2015; 6:24105-18. [PMID: 26254226 PMCID: PMC4695173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, including the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) accumulation, is a risk and highly associated with the development of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. microRNA-210 (miR-210), a hypoxia-responsive microRNA regulated by HIF-1α, has been implicated in cancer and cardiovascular disease formation. Furthermore, Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the promoter of the miR-210 gene contains CpG-rich regions. It is unclear whether miR-210 expression could be epigenetically regulated in these disease progresses. The study aimed to explore the relationships between lipid and miR-210 in the context of cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal cancer. We demonstrated oxLDL can decrease methylation in the miR-210 promoter to up-regulate miR-210. HIF-1α can bind to miR-210 promoter, but this HIF-1α binding site can be blocked by methylation. We showed that subjects of carotid atherosclerosis, stroke patients and cancer patients had hypomethylation in the miR-210 promoter, especially the HIF-1α binding site. Furthermore, miR-210 can directly inhibit sprouty-related EVH1 domain 2 (SPRED2) expressions, and SPRED2 reduces cell migration via ERK/c-Fos/MMPs pathways. Increased miR-210 and reduced SPRED2 levels were found in aorta of mice under high-fat diet and tumor tissues, which implied that miR-210 can be an underlying mechanism to explain oxLDL as a common risk factor for cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ku-Chung Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ho Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang Hank Juo
- Department of Genome Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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83
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Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake by monocytes/macrophages plays a pivotal role in atherogenesis. This study was designed to examine the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists on ox-LDL uptake in macrophages. Human primary monocytes/macrophages were incubated with native GLP-1 (nGLP-1) or GLP-1 agonist liraglutide to evaluate their effect on ox-LDL uptake and the expression of scavenger receptors (SRs), such as SR-A, CD36, and lectin-like ox-LDL SR-1, in this process. Our study showed a decrease in ox-LDL uptake and CD36 expression in macrophages treated with nGLP-1 or liraglutide. However, nGLP-1 and liraglutide did not affect the expression of other SRs SR-A and lectin-like ox-LDL SR-1. Simultaneously, there was an increase in the expression of activated protein kinase A (PKA). To examine the role of PKA in the effects of nGLP-1 or liraglutide, we treated macrophages with PK inhibitor (6-22) amide, a PKA inhibitor, followed by treatment with nGLP-1 or liraglutide. Inhibition of PKA activation markedly reversed the effect of nGLP-1 or liraglutide on ox-LDL uptake and enhanced the expression of CD36. Our results suggest that GLP-1 agonism inhibits ox-LDL uptake through PKA/CD36 pathway in macrophages. This study provides a novel insight in the mechanism of foam cell formation and the role by GLP-1 agonists therein.
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84
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Homocysteine facilitates LOX-1 activation and endothelial death through the PKCβ and SIRT1/HSF1 mechanism: relevance to human hyperhomocysteinaemia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:477-87. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20150127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our study demonstrates a new direction for LOX-1 regulation by modulating the PKCβ/NADPH oxidase/SIRT1/HSF1 pathway, which affects hyperhomocysteinaemia-induced endothelial cell dysfunction and apoptosis.
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85
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Shirpoor A, Nemati S, Ansari MHK, Ilkhanizadeh B. The protective effect of vitamin E against prenatal and early postnatal ethanol treatment-induced heart abnormality in rats: a 3-month follow-up study. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:72-9. [PMID: 25805307 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol consumption during pregnancy is associated with fetal heart malformation. However, the underlying mechanism of prenatal ethanol exposure causing heart malfunction is not well known. The current study examined the effect of prenatal and early postnatal ethanol consumption on heart abnormality resulting from oxidative and inflammatory stress. It was also intended to find out whether vitamin E inhibits the abnormality induced by ethanol in rats' heart tissue. Pregnant Wistar rats received ethanol with/without vitamin E from the seventh day of gestation (GD7) throughout lactation. The proliferation in heart muscle cells and coronary smooth muscle cells, protein carbonyl, IL-6, TNF-α, homocysteine levels, also lipid profile in heart and plasma of male pups were measured at the end of lactation (PN 21) and 90 days after birth (PN 90). The results indicated proliferation of heart muscle and coronary smooth muscle cells along with heart structural alteration, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory reaction, and hyperhomocysteinemia in offspring after 21 and 90 days of birth compared with the controls. Vitamin E treatment significantly decreased cell proliferation and heart structural alteration, compared with the group treated by ethanol alone. Furthermore, it reduced the elevation of protein carbonyl, lipid peroxidation, and increased inflammatory proteins to levels as those of the controls. These findings strongly support the idea that ethanol intake by dams during pregnancy and early postnatal days induces heart abnormality mediated by oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, and that these effects can be alleviated by using vitamin E as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shirpoor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Samira Nemati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Behrouz Ilkhanizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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86
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Mollace V, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Muscoli S, Mollace R, Tavernese A, Gratteri S, Palma E, Morabito C, Vitale C, Muscoli C, Fini M, Romeo F. Oxidized LDL attenuates protective autophagy and induces apoptotic cell death of endothelial cells: Role of oxidative stress and LOX-1 receptor expression. Int J Cardiol 2015; 184:152-158. [PMID: 25703423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overproduction of oxidized-low density lipoproteins (oxyLDLs) has been found to contribute in endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction thereby leading to atherosclerosis development and progression. In particular, oxyLDLs lead to apoptotic cell death of EC via oxidative stress production, mostly subsequent to the overexpression of the scavenger receptor LOX-1. Here, we hypothesize that LOX-1 expression in EC represents a crucial event which attenuates protective autophagic response, thereby enhancing programmed endothelial cell death. METHODS AND RESULTS Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) in culture were exposed to oxyLDL (1-100 μM). After 48 h incubation, oxyLDL produced pronounced malondialdehyde (MDA) elevation and apoptotic cell death of BAEC as detected by FACS analysis, an effect counteracted by antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) as well as by the NO-donor SNAP. OxyLDL-induced apoptotic cell death was also accompanied by reduced VEGF-dependent phosphorylation of constitutive NO synthase (cNOS) in BAEC and consistent attenuation of autophagic response as detected by the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3, two reliable biomarkers of autophagy. Moreover, silencing LOX-1 receptor significantly restored LC3 expression in oxyLDL-treated BAEC, thus suggesting a key role of LOX-1 overproduction in oxyLDL-induced endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS OxyLDL leads to impaired NO generation and apoptotic cell death in BAECs. This effect occurs via the overexpression of LOX-1 and subsequent attenuation of protective autophagic response thereby contributing to the pathophysiology of oxyLDL-induced endothelial dysfunction which characterizes early stages of atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Muscoli
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Santo Gratteri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Morabito
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Romeo
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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87
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Nifedipine inhibits ox-LDL-induced lipid accumulation in human blood-derived macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 457:440-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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88
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Zhang Y, Ye Y, Wang Y, Chen W. Inhibition of Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor 1 Protects against Plasma/Hypoxia-Mediated Trophoblast Dysfunction Associated with Preeclampsia. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2015; 79:90-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000370195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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89
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Wan F, Qin X, Zhang G, Lu X, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Dai B, Shi G, Ye D. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein is associated with advanced-stage prostate cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:3573-82. [PMID: 25566960 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological data suggest coronary artery disease shares etiology with prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this work was to assess the effects of several serum markers reported in cardiovascular disease on PCa. Serum markers (oxidized low-density lipoprotein [ox-LDL], apolipoprotein [apo] B100, and apoB48) in peripheral blood samples from 50 patients from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) with localized or lymph node metastatic PCa were investigated in this study. Twenty-five samples from normal individuals were set as controls. We first conducted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis to select candidate markers that were significantly different between these patients and controls. Then, the clinical relevance between OLR1 (the ox-LDL receptor) expression and PCa was analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. We also investigated the function of ox-LDL in PCa cell lines in vitro. Phosphorylation protein chips were used to analyze cell signaling pathways in ox-LDL-treated PC-3 cells. The ox-LDL level was found to be significantly correlated with N stage of prostate cancer. OLR1 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis in the TCGA cohort. In vitro, ox-LDL stimulated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LNCaP and PC-3 in a dose-dependent manner. The results of phosphoprotein microarray illustrated that ox-LDL could influence multiple signaling pathways of PC-3. Activation of proliferation promoting signaling pathways (including β-catenin, cMyc, NF-κB, STAT1, STAT3) as well as apoptosis-associating signaling pathways (including p27, caspase-3) demonstrated that ox-LDL had complicated effects on prostate cancer. Increased serum ox-LDL level and OLR1 expression may indicate advanced-stage PCa and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, ox-LDL could stimulate PCa proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangning Wan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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90
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Norouzi L, Shirpoor A, Ansari MHK, Ilkhanizadeh B. Vitamin E attenuates alcohol-induced aortic wall damage in rats. Artery Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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91
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Essential Oils from Fructus A. zerumbet Protect Human Aortic Endothelial Cells from Apoptosis Induced by Ox-LDL In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:956824. [PMID: 25610487 PMCID: PMC4290151 DOI: 10.1155/2014/956824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpinia zerumbet is a miao folk medicinal plant widely used in the Guizhou Province of southwest China that contains several bioactive constituents and possesses protective effects against cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effect of essential oils derived from Fructus Alpiniae zerumbet (EOFAZ) on oxidized lowdensity-lipoprotein- (ox-LDL-) induced apoptosis in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Following exposure to ox-LDL, HAECs presented with classical characteristics of apoptosis. However, EOFAZ ameliorated these morphological alterations and also inhibited the decrease in cell viability. In addition, EOFAZ abrogated the number of TUNEL or Hoechst 33258 stained positive cells observed after ox-LDL challenge. Investigation into the mechanisms of this inhibition revealed that EOFAZ treatment resulted in a downregulation of Bax and Caspase-3 at both the protein and mRNA expression levels. Moreover, EOFAZ was found to upregulate Bcl-2 protein and mRNA levels and to attenuate ox-LDL-induced HAECs injury caused by apoptosis, revealing both its therapeutic potential for endothelial cell injury protection and its clinical application for atherosclerosis.
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92
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High fat diet causes renal fibrosis in LDLr-null mice through MAPK-NF-κB pathway mediated by Ox-LDL. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 63:158-66. [PMID: 24220312 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia, particularly increased LDL-cholesterol level in serum, is associated with atherosclerosis and fibrosis in different organs. This study was designed to investigate the effects of increase in LDL-cholesterol on renal fibrosis. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and LDLr knockout (KO) mice were fed standard or high fat diet (HFD), and their kidneys were collected after 26 weeks of dietary intervention for identification of fibrosis and study of potential mechanisms. Additional studies were performed in cultured renal fibroblasts. RESULTS We observed extensive and diffuse fibrosis in the kidneys of mice given HFD (P < 0.05 vs. standard chow). Fibrosis was associated with enhanced expression of fibronectin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases and activated p38 and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). There was evidence for accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, in the kidneys and of ox-LDL in the arteries of LDLr KO mice given HFD. The expression of ox-LDL receptor LOX-1 and of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) was increased in these kidneys. All these changes were more pronounced in LDLr KO mice than in the WT mice. In in vitro studies, treatment of fibroblasts from kidneys of LDLr KO mice with ox-LDL showed intense proliferation and collagen formation (all P < 0.05, fibroblasts from WT mice kidneys). Blockade of p38 MAPK, p44/42 MAPK, or NF-κB significantly attenuated expression of profibrotic signals, collagen formation, and proliferation of fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS HFD induces renal fibrosis in LDLr-null mice primarily through activation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase MAPK-NF-κB pathway by ox-LDL.
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93
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Zhi Z, Pengfei Z, Xiaoyi T, Genshan M. Adiponectin ameliorates angiotensin II-induced vascular endothelial damage. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:705-13. [PMID: 24523033 PMCID: PMC4147077 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-specific adipocytokine that possesses anti-atherogenic and anti-diabetic properties. It has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system, but it remains to be elucidated whether adiponectin has a therapeutic effect on vascular damage induced by the potential vasoactive substance angiotensin II (Ang II). In this study, the effects of adiponectin on Ang II-induced vascular endothelial damage were investigated. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelium cells, Ang II stimulation increased generation of ROS and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, both of which were clearly restored by administration of adiponectin. In addition, administration of adiponectin was found to increase cell viability and prevent apoptosis. Our results also demonstrate that the protective effects of adiponectin against Ang II-induced vascular endothelial damage are dependent on the binding of adiponectin to its cell surface receptor 1. Importantly, we found that adiponectin treatment modulates the apoptotic pathway by reducing the expression of LOX-1, up-regulating both cIAP-1 and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Finally, our data displayed that the protective effects of adiponectin against Ang II cytotoxicity depend on AMPK activation mediated by the endosomal adaptor protein, adaptor protein with phosphotyrosine binding, pleckstrin homology domains, and leucine zipper motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Zhi
- />Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao Road No. 87, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Zuo Pengfei
- />Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao Road No. 87, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Tian Xiaoyi
- />Department of Cardiology, Huai’an Municipal First People’s Hospital, Huai’an, 223400 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Ma Genshan
- />Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao Road No. 87, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu Province China
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94
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Ding Z, Liu S, Wang X, Theus S, Fan Y, Deng X, Mehta JL. LOX-1 – dependent mitochondrial DNA damage and NLRP3 activation during systemic inflammation in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:637-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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95
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Keshk WA, Zineldeen DH, Wasfy RELS, El-Khadrawy OH. Fatty acid synthase/oxidized low-density lipoprotein as metabolic oncogenes linking obesity to colon cancer via NF-kappa B in Egyptians. Med Oncol 2014; 31:192. [PMID: 25173531 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem which heightens the risk of several chronic illnesses including cancer development particularly colon cancer. The underlying pathophysiology of obesity associated colon cancer remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this current study was to determine fatty acid synthase (FASN) activity/expression, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) level and redox status under the context of anthropometric measurements and lipid profile to find their potential role as interacting biomarkers relating obesity to colon cancer initiation and progression via nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling. This study was conducted upon Egyptian individuals; 30 obese subjects with colon cancer, 11 nonobese and 11 obese subjects without colon cancer. FASN gene expression, NF-κB immunoreactivity, and serum ox-LDL level were estimated by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunoassay, respectively. FASN activity, glycemic status, obesity, and oxidative stress indices were also assessed. It was found that FASN expression and activity were statistically increased in obese with colon cancer (P=0.021 and 0.018, respectively), with statistically significant increase in patients with advanced grading. Moreover, NF-κB immunoreactivity and serum ox-LDL level were significantly increased in obese colon cancer patients with significantly higher levels in those with advanced grading (all P<0.05). Dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress indices were worsened in obese patients with colon cancer. These results revealed that FASN and ox-LDL as well as oxidative stress may increase the risk of obesity related colon cancer, particularly via NF-κB signaling and could be used as potential predictive and prognostic biomarkers for obesity complicated with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Arafa Keshk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, Egypt,
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96
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Zeng XY, Zhu HL, Liu XQ, Xu HX. Oxidation and oxidation resistance of serum and serum HDL and LDL in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma: Anti-oxidation effect of Xiaochaihu decoction. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:3499-3504. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i23.3499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the oxidation and oxidation resistance of serum and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), and the anti-oxidation effect of Xiaochaihu decoction.
METHODS: Serum samples from PHC patients, normal controls and diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) patients, and the copper sulfate-induced serum oxidation system were used. Thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method was used to determine malondialdehyde (MDA) level of lipid peroxidation products. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used for the determination of conjugated diene hydroperoxide (CD) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-). Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to separate HDL and LDL in serum, analyze band density and migration rate, and MDA and CD levels of HDL and LDL. The oxidation and oxidation resistance of serum and serum HDL and LDL and the antioxidant effect of Xiaochaihu decoction were than analyzed.
RESULTS: Serum levels of MDA and CD in the PHC group were slightly higher than those in the normal group and T2DM group. After CuSO4 was added, serum levels of MDA and CD in the three groups increased significantly (P < 0.01). After Xiaochaihu decoction was added, serum levels of MDA and CD in the three groups became lower significantly (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference of the serum ONOO- level of three groups, after CuSO4 were added, the serum ONOO- level of three groups increased significantly (P < 0.01), and after Xiaochaihu decoction were added there were no significant change but the level of the T2DM group increased (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of MDA and CD of both HDL and LDL in the three groups. After CuSO4 was added, the levels of MDA of HDL and LDL rose slightly, but the levels of CD of HDL and LDL increased significantly. After Xiaochaihu decoction was added, all these were reduced slightly. The electrophoretic bands of HDL and LDL of the three groups were neat, dense regular and dark colored. After CuSO4 was added, the electrophoretic bands became significantly lower in density and color intensity. After Xiaochaihu decoction was added, all these were significantly improved. The mobility of serum HDL and LDL in the PHC group was slightly higher than that in the other two groups. After CuSO4 was added, the migration rate became higher slightly. After Xiaochaihu decoction was added, the HDL and LDL mobility in the PHC group and T2DM group was reduced, and the HDL and LDL mobility in the normal group did not change obviously.
CONCLUSION: Serum total oxidation increases significantly, HDL and LDL oxidation is elevated slightly, serum total oxidation resistance decreases significantly, and HDL and LDL oxidation resistance becomes lower slightly in PHC patients. Xiaochaihu decoction significantly increases serum total oxidation resistance, modulates the serum total oxidation-reduction environment, and improves the serum HDL and LDL oxidation resistance in PHC patients.
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97
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Idriss NK, Blann AD, Sayed DM, Gaber MA, Hassen HA, Kishk YT. Circulating Endothelial Cells and Platelet Microparticles in Mitral Valve Disease With and Without Atrial Fibrillation. Angiology 2014; 66:631-7. [PMID: 25115553 DOI: 10.1177/0003319714546183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypercoagulability in mitral valve disease (MVD), a cause of atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke, is potentially due to endothelial damage/dysfunction (marked by circulating endothelial cells [CECs]), platelet activation (soluble P-selectin [sPsel], platelet microparticles [PMPs], and soluble CD40 [sCD40]), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) cholesterol. We measured these variables in 24 patients with MVD as well as in 21 with MVD + AF and compared them with 20 healthy controls (HCs). The CECs and PMPs were measured by flow cytometry; sPsel, oxLDL, and CD40 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Compared with HCs, sPsel and PMPs were equally higher in MVD and MVD + AF; sCD40 and oxLDL were higher in MVD + AF than in HCs and MVD; and CECs were higher in MVD than in the HCs, with further increases in MVD + AF (all P < .001). We conclude that excess platelet activation is present in MVD regardless of AF, and that increased endothelial damage in MVD is greater when compounded by AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa K Idriss
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Andrew D Blann
- Department of Medicine City Hospital, University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Douaa M Sayed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Gaber
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hosny A Hassen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yehia Taha Kishk
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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98
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99
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Lubrano V, Balzan S. LOX-1 and ROS, inseparable factors in the process of endothelial damage. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:841-8. [PMID: 24886290 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.929122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LOX-1) has been identified in endothelial cells as the main receptor of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL). LOX-1 is upregulated in the presence of pathological conditions including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes because it acts as a mediator of "endothelial dysfunction". It promotes the generation of superoxide anion (O2(-)), the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production and the increment of endothelial adhesiveness to monocytes. Recently, it was reported that OxLDL, binding to LOX-1, determined a significant increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting the involvement of signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). It is now generally accepted that ROS act indirectly on the modulation of LOX-1 expression because ROS oxidize native LDL. Moreover, LOX-1 activation per se may stimulate ROS generation. Accordingly, our findings showed that high levels of ROS can directly increase LOX-1 production in microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). It has been reported that OxLDL, usually > 20 μg protein/ml, induced apoptosis in a variety of cell types. At low concentrations (< 5 μg protein/ml) OxLDL appears to be associated with cell proliferation and low levels of ROS-induced capillary tube formation in endothelial cells. Our data and those of the literature indicate the existence of a direct control of LOX-1 by ROS. Although ROS in large amounts clearly have detrimental effects on cell biology, small amounts of ROS could have a beneficial effect, suggesting its therapeutic potential for reducing ischemic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lubrano
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio , Pisa , Italy
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100
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Lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1)-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) interaction and autophagy in CATH.a differentiated cells exposed to angiotensin II. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:623-32. [PMID: 24902807 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in innate immune response. Expression of TLRs has also been linked to autophagy. As the main receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on the cell surface, lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines and has been linked to the development of autophagy. However, the relationship between LOX-1, autophagy, and TLR4 in neurons has not been defined. Here, we show that Angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment of CATH.a differentiated neuronal cells resulted in the expression of TLR4 (and associated signals MyD88 and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon (TRIF)), LOX-1 autophagy. LOX-1 knockdown (transfection with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA)) resulted in reduced expression of TLR4 (and associated signals MyD88 and TRIF) and P-P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and autophagy. TLR4 knockdown with siRNA resulted in reduced LOX-1 expression and autophagy, indicating a positive feedback between LOX-1 and TLR4. Knockdown of TRIF as well as MyD88 or inhibition of P38 MAPK also inhibited the expression of LOX-1 and TLR4 and autophagy. Importantly, pretreatment with 3-methyladenine (autophagy inhibitor) enhanced while rapamycin (autophagy inducer) decreased the expression of LOX-1, TLR4, and P-P38 MAPK. These studies suggest the presence of a bidirectional link between LOX-1and TLR4 in cultured CATH.a differentiated cells exposed to Ang II with an important role for autophagy in this link.
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