51
|
Roy HA, Green AL, Aziz TZ. State of the Art: Novel Applications for Deep Brain Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2017; 21:126-134. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly A. Roy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences; Oxford University; Oxford UK
- Neurosurgery Department; Oxford University Hospitals; Oxford UK
| | - Alexander L. Green
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences; Oxford University; Oxford UK
- Neurosurgery Department; Oxford University Hospitals; Oxford UK
| | - Tipu Z. Aziz
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences; Oxford University; Oxford UK
- Neurosurgery Department; Oxford University Hospitals; Oxford UK
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Abstract
Disorders of learning and memory have a large social and economic impact in today's society. Unfortunately, existing medical treatments have shown limited clinical efficacy or potential for modification of the disease course. Deep brain stimulation is a successful treatment for movement disorders and has shown promise in a variety of other diseases including psychiatric disorders. The authors review the potential of neuromodulation for the treatment of disorders of learning and memory. They briefly discuss learning circuitry and its involvement in Alzheimer disease and traumatic brain injury. They then review the literature supporting various targets for neuromodulation to improve memory in animals and humans. Multiple targets including entorhinal cortex, fornix, nucleus basalis of Meynert, basal ganglia, and pedunculopontine nucleus have shown a promising potential for improving dysfunctional memory by mechanisms such as altering firing patterns in neuronal networks underlying memory and increasing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Significant work remains to be done to translate these findings into durable clinical therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K B Bick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emad N Eskandar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Ouyang W, Yan Q, Zhang Y, Fan Z. Moderate injury in motor-sensory cortex causes behavioral deficits accompanied by electrophysiological changes in mice adulthood. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171976. [PMID: 28196142 PMCID: PMC5308857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children often happen when there’s a sudden blow to the frontal bone, end with long unconscious which can last for hours and progressive cognitive deficits. However, with regard to the influences of moderate TBI during children adulthood, injury-induced alterations of locomotive ability, long-term memory performance, and hippocampal electrophysiological firing changes have not yet been fully identified. In this study, lateral fluid percussion (LFP) method was used to fabricate moderate TBI in motor and somatosensory cortex of the 6-weeks-old mice. The motor function, learning and memory function, extracellular CA1 neural spikes were assessed during acute and subacute phase. Moreover, histopathology was performed on day post injury (DPI) 16 to evaluate the effect of TBI on tissue and cell morphological changes in cortical and hippocampal CA1 subregions. After moderate LFP injury, the 6-weeks-old mice showed severe motor deficits at the early stage in acute phase but gradually recovered later during adulthood. At the time points in acute and subacute phase after TBI, novel object recognition (NOR) ability and spatial memory functions were consistently impaired in TBI mice; hippocampal firing frequency and burst probability were hampered. Analysis of the altered burst firing shows a clear hippocampal theta rhythm drop. These electrophysiological impacts were associated with substantially lowered NOR preference as compared to the sham group during adulthood. These results suggest that moderate TBI introduced at motorsenory cortex in 6-weeks-old mice causes obvious motor and cognitive deficits during their adulthood. While the locomotive ability progressively recovers, the cognitive deficits persisted while the mice mature as adult mice. The cognitive deficits may be attributed to the general suppressing of whole neural network, which could be labeled by marked reduction of excitability in hippocampal CA1 subregion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ouyang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qichao Yan
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiheng Fan
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Other Neuromodulation Methods for Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocrit Care 2017; 24:308-19. [PMID: 26399249 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-015-0203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to review the current literature regarding the use of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in preclinical models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) as well as discuss the potential role of VNS along with alternative neuromodulation approaches in the treatment of human TBI. Data from previous studies have demonstrated VNS-mediated improvement following TBI in animal models. In these cases, VNS was observed to enhance motor and cognitive recovery, attenuate cerebral edema and inflammation, reduce blood brain barrier breakdown, and confer neuroprotective effects. Yet, the underlying mechanisms by which VNS enhances recovery following TBI remain to be fully elucidated. Several hypotheses have been offered including: a noradrenergic mechanism, reduction in post-TBI seizures and hyper-excitability, anti-inflammatory effects, attenuation of blood-brain barrier breakdown, and cerebral edema. We present other potential mechanisms by which VNS acts including enhancement of synaptic plasticity and recruitment of endogenous neural stem cells, stabilization of intracranial pressure, and interaction with the ghrelin system. In addition, alternative methods for the treatment of TBI including deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and focused ultrasound stimulation are discussed. Although the primary source data show that VNS improves TBI outcomes, it remains to be determined if these findings can be translated to clinical settings.
Collapse
|
55
|
Lee DJ, Izadi A, Melnik M, Seidl S, Echeverri A, Shahlaie K, Gurkoff GG. Stimulation of the medial septum improves performance in spatial learning following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res 2017; 130:53-63. [PMID: 28152425 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy often leads to hippocampal sclerosis and persistent cognitive deficits, including difficulty with learning and memory. Hippocampal theta oscillations are critical in optimizing hippocampal function and facilitating plasticity. We hypothesized that pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus would disrupt oscillations and behavioral performance and that electrical neuromodulation to entrain theta would improve cognition specifically in injured rats. Rats received a pilocarpine (n=30) or saline injection (n=27) and unilateral bi-polar electrodes were implanted into the medial septum and hippocampus the following day. Hippocampal and septal theta were recorded in a Plexiglas box over the first week following implantation. Control and pilocarpine-treated rats were split into stimulation (continuous 7.7Hz, 80μA, 1ms pulse width) and non-stimulation groups for behavioral analysis. Continuous stimulation was initiated one-minute prior to and throughout an object exploration task (post-injury day seven) and again for each of six trials on the Barnes maze (post-injury days 12-14). There was a significant reduction in hippocampal theta power (p<0.05) and percentage of time oscillating in theta (p<0.05). In addition there was a significant decrease in object exploration in rats post-pilocarpine (p<0.05) and an impairment in spatial learning. Specifically, pilocarpine-treated rats were more likely to use random search strategies (p<0.001) and had an increase in latency to find the hidden platform (p<0.05) on the Barnes maze. Stimulation of the medial septum at 7.7Hz in pilocarpine-treated rats resulted in performance similar to shams in both the object recognition and Barnes maze tasks. Stimulation of sham rats resulted in impaired object exploration (p<0.05) with no difference in Barnes maze latency or strategy. In conclusion, pilocarpine-induced seizures diminished hippocampal oscillations and impaired performance in both an object exploration and a spatial memory task in pilocarpine-treated rats. Theta stimulation at 7.7Hz improved behavioral outcome on the Barnes maze task; this improvement in function was not related to a general cognitive enhancement, as shams did not benefit from stimulation. Therefore, stimulation of the medial septum represents an exciting target to improve behavioral outcome in patients with epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darrin J Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Ali Izadi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
| | - Mikhail Melnik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
| | - Stacey Seidl
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
| | - Angela Echeverri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
| | - Kiarash Shahlaie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
| | - Gene G Gurkoff
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3740, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Wolf JA, Koch PF. Disruption of Network Synchrony and Cognitive Dysfunction After Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 10:43. [PMID: 27242454 PMCID: PMC4868948 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disorder with many factors contributing to a spectrum of severity, leading to cognitive dysfunction that may last for many years after injury. Injury to axons in the white matter, which are preferentially vulnerable to biomechanical forces, is prevalent in many TBIs. Unlike focal injury to a discrete brain region, axonal injury is fundamentally an injury to the substrate by which networks of the brain communicate with one another. The brain is envisioned as a series of dynamic, interconnected networks that communicate via long axonal conduits termed the "connectome". Ensembles of neurons communicate via these pathways and encode information within and between brain regions in ways that are timing dependent. Our central hypothesis is that traumatic injury to axons may disrupt the exquisite timing of neuronal communication within and between brain networks, and that this may underlie aspects of post-TBI cognitive dysfunction. With a better understanding of how highly interconnected networks of neurons communicate with one another in important cognitive regions such as the limbic system, and how disruption of this communication occurs during injury, we can identify new therapeutic targets to restore lost function. This requires the tools of systems neuroscience, including electrophysiological analysis of ensemble neuronal activity and circuitry changes in awake animals after TBI, as well as computational modeling of the effects of TBI on these networks. As more is revealed about how inter-regional neuronal interactions are disrupted, treatments directly targeting these dysfunctional pathways using neuromodulation can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Wolf
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul F Koch
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Kim K, Ekstrom AD, Tandon N. A network approach for modulating memory processes via direct and indirect brain stimulation: Toward a causal approach for the neural basis of memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 134 Pt A:162-177. [PMID: 27066987 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the brain is a unique tool to perturb endogenous neural signals, allowing us to evaluate the necessity of given neural processes to cognitive processing. An important issue, gaining increasing interest in the literature, is whether and how stimulation can be employed to selectively improve or disrupt declarative memory processes. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of both invasive and non-invasive stimulation studies aimed at modulating memory performance. The majority of past studies suggest that invasive stimulation of the hippocampus impairs memory performance; similarly, most non-invasive studies show that disrupting frontal or parietal regions also impairs memory performance, suggesting that these regions also play necessary roles in declarative memory. On the other hand, a handful of both invasive and non-invasive studies have also suggested modest improvements in memory performance following stimulation. These studies typically target brain regions connected to the hippocampus or other memory "hubs," which may affect endogenous activity in connected areas like the hippocampus, suggesting that to augment declarative memory, altering the broader endogenous memory network activity is critical. Together, studies reporting memory improvements/impairments are consistent with the idea that a network of distinct brain "hubs" may be crucial for successful memory encoding and retrieval rather than a single primary hub such as the hippocampus. Thus, it is important to consider neurostimulation from the network perspective, rather than from a purely localizationalist viewpoint. We conclude by proposing a novel approach to neurostimulation for declarative memory modulation that aims to facilitate interactions between multiple brain "nodes" underlying memory rather than considering individual brain regions in isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arne D Ekstrom
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Pevzner A, Izadi A, Lee DJ, Shahlaie K, Gurkoff GG. Making Waves in the Brain: What Are Oscillations, and Why Modulating Them Makes Sense for Brain Injury. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 10:30. [PMID: 27092062 PMCID: PMC4823270 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in persistent cognitive, behavioral and emotional deficits. However, the vast majority of patients are not chronically hospitalized; rather they have to manage their disabilities once they are discharged to home. Promoting recovery to pre-injury level is important from a patient care as well as a societal perspective. Electrical neuromodulation is one approach that has shown promise in alleviating symptoms associated with neurological disorders such as in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and epilepsy. Consistent with this perspective, both animal and clinical studies have revealed that TBI alters physiological oscillatory rhythms. More recently several studies demonstrated that low frequency stimulation improves cognitive outcome in models of TBI. Specifically, stimulation of the septohippocampal circuit in the theta frequency entrained oscillations and improved spatial learning following TBI. In order to evaluate the potential of electrical deep brain stimulation for clinical translation we review the basic neurophysiology of oscillations, their role in cognition and how they are changed post-TBI. Furthermore, we highlight several factors for future pre-clinical and clinical studies to consider, with the hope that it will promote a hypothesis driven approach to subsequent experimental designs and ultimately successful translation to improve outcome in patients with TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Pevzner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-DavisSacramento, CA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California-DavisSacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ali Izadi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-DavisSacramento, CA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California-DavisSacramento, CA, USA
| | - Darrin J Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-DavisSacramento, CA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California-DavisSacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kiarash Shahlaie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-DavisSacramento, CA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California-DavisSacramento, CA, USA
| | - Gene G Gurkoff
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-DavisSacramento, CA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of California-DavisSacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Girgis F, Pace J, Sweet J, Miller JP. Hippocampal Neurophysiologic Changes after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Potential Neuromodulation Treatment Approaches. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 10:8. [PMID: 26903824 PMCID: PMC4746250 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in individuals below age 45, and five million Americans live with chronic disability as a result. Mild TBI (mTBI), defined as TBI in the absence of major imaging or histopathological defects, is responsible for a majority of cases. Despite the lack of overt morphological defects, victims of mTBI frequently suffer lasting cognitive deficits, memory difficulties, and behavioral disturbances. There is increasing evidence that cognitive and memory dysfunction is related to subtle physiological changes that occur in the hippocampus, and these impact both the phenotype of deficits observed and subsequent recovery. Therapeutic modulation of physiological activity by means of medications commonly used for other indications or brain stimulation may represent novel treatment approaches. This review summarizes the present body of knowledge regarding neurophysiologic changes that occur in the hippocampus after mTBI, as well as potential targets for therapeutic modulation of neurologic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fady Girgis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Pace
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Sweet
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan P Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Paterno R, Metheny H, Xiong G, Elkind J, Cohen AS. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Decreases Broadband Power in Area CA1. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:1645-9. [PMID: 26529412 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to devastating consequences for both patients and their families. The underlying neurological basis for TBI-induced cognitive dysfunction remains unknown. However, many lines of research have implicated the hippocampus in the pathophysiology of TBI. In particular, past research has found that theta oscillations, long thought to be the electrophysiological basis of learning and memory, are decreased in the hippocampus post-TBI. Here, we recorded in vivo electrophysiological activity in the hippocampi of 16 mice, 8 of which had previously undergone a TBI. Consistent with previous data, we found that theta power in the hippocampus was decreased in TBI animals compared to sham controls; however, this effect was driven by changes in broadband power and not theta oscillations. This result suggests that broadband fluctuations in the hippocampal local field potential can be used as an electrophysiological surrogate of abnormal neurological activity post-TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Paterno
- 1 Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah Metheny
- 2 Joseph Stoke's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Department of Anesthesiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Guoxiang Xiong
- 2 Joseph Stoke's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Department of Anesthesiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jaclynn Elkind
- 2 Joseph Stoke's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Department of Anesthesiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Akiva S Cohen
- 2 Joseph Stoke's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Department of Anesthesiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Anesthesiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Lee DJ, Gurkoff GG, Izadi A, Seidl SE, Echeverri A, Melnik M, Berman RF, Ekstrom AD, Muizelaar JP, Lyeth BG, Shahlaie K. Septohippocampal Neuromodulation Improves Cognition after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32:1822-32. [PMID: 26096267 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in persistent attention and memory deficits that are associated with hippocampal dysfunction. Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to treat neurological disorders related to motor dysfunction, the effectiveness of stimulation to treat cognition remains largely unknown. In this study, adult male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a lateral fluid percussion or sham injury followed by implantation of bipolar electrodes in the medial septal nucleus (MSN) and ipsilateral hippocampus. In the first week after injury, there was a significant decrease in hippocampal theta oscillations that correlated with decreased object exploration and impaired performance in the Barnes maze spatial learning task. Continuous 7.7 Hz theta stimulation of the medial septum significantly increased hippocampal theta oscillations, restored normal object exploration, and improved spatial learning in injured animals. There were no benefits with 100 Hz gamma stimulation, and stimulation of sham animals at either frequency did not enhance performance. We conclude, therefore, that there was a theta frequency-specific benefit of DBS that restored cognitive function in brain-injured rats. These data suggest that septal theta stimulation may be an effective and novel neuromodulatory therapy for treatment of persistent cognitive deficits following TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darrin J Lee
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Gene G Gurkoff
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Ali Izadi
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Angela Echeverri
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Mikhail Melnik
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Robert F Berman
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California.,2 Center for Neuroscience, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Arne D Ekstrom
- 2 Center for Neuroscience, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - J Paul Muizelaar
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Bruce G Lyeth
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California.,2 Center for Neuroscience, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Kiarash Shahlaie
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California.,2 Center for Neuroscience, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Forbes CE, Leitner JB, Duran-Jordan K, Magerman AB, Schmader T, Allen JJB. Spontaneous default mode network phase-locking moderates performance perceptions under stereotype threat. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 10:994-1002. [PMID: 25398433 PMCID: PMC4483567 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed whether individual differences in self-oriented neural processing were associated with performance perceptions of minority students under stereotype threat. Resting electroencephalographic activity recorded in white and minority participants was used to predict later estimates of task errors and self-doubt on a presumed measure of intelligence. We assessed spontaneous phase-locking between dipole sources in left lateral parietal cortex (LPC), precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (P/PCC), and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC); three regions of the default mode network (DMN) that are integral for self-oriented processing. Results revealed that minorities with greater LPC-P/PCC phase-locking in the theta band reported more accurate error estimations. All individuals experienced less self-doubt to the extent they exhibited greater LPC-MPFC phase-locking in the alpha band but this effect was driven by minorities. Minorities also reported more self-doubt to the extent they overestimated errors. Findings reveal novel neural moderators of stereotype threat effects on subjective experience. Spontaneous synchronization between DMN regions may play a role in anticipatory coping mechanisms that buffer individuals from stereotype threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Forbes
- Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, and Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jordan B Leitner
- Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, and Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kelly Duran-Jordan
- Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, and Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Adam B Magerman
- Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, and Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Toni Schmader
- Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, and Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - John J B Allen
- Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, and Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Fisher RS. Stimulation of the medial septum should benefit patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:543-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
64
|
Miller JP, Sweet JA, Bailey CM, Munyon CN, Luders HO, Fastenau PS. Visual-spatial memory may be enhanced with theta burst deep brain stimulation of the fornix: a preliminary investigation with four cases. Brain 2015; 138:1833-42. [PMID: 26106097 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory loss after brain injury can be a source of considerable morbidity, but there are presently few therapeutic options for restoring memory function. We have previously demonstrated that burst stimulation of the fornix is able to significantly improve memory in a rodent model of traumatic brain injury. The present study is a preliminary investigation with a small group of cases to explore whether theta burst stimulation of the fornix might improve memory in humans. Four individuals undergoing stereo-electroencephalography evaluation for drug-resistant epilepsy were enrolled. All participants were implanted with an electrode into the proximal fornix and dorsal hippocampal commissure on the language dominant (n = 3) or language non-dominant (n = 1) side, and stimulation of this electrode reliably produced a diffuse evoked potential in the head and body of the ipsilateral hippocampus. Each participant underwent testing of verbal memory (Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test), visual-spatial memory (Medical College of Georgia Complex Figure Test), and visual confrontational naming (Boston Naming Test Short Form) once per day over at least two consecutive days using novel test forms each day. For 50% of the trials, the fornix electrode was continuously stimulated using a burst pattern (200 Hz in 100 ms trains, five trains per second, 100 µs, 7 mA) and was compared with sham stimulation. Participants and examiners were blinded to whether stimulation was active or not, and the order of stimulation was randomized. The small sample size precluded use of inferential statistics; therefore, data were analysed using descriptive statistics and graphic analysis. Burst stimulation of the fornix was not perceived by any of the participants but was associated with a robust reversible improvement in immediate and delayed performance on the Medical College of Georgia Complex Figure Test. There were no apparent differences on either Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test or Boston Naming Test. There was no apparent relationship between performance and side of stimulation (language dominant or non-dominant). There were no complications. Preliminary evidence in this small sample of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy suggests that theta burst stimulation of the fornix may be associated with improvement in visual-spatial memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Miller
- 1 Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Centre, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 2 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer A Sweet
- 1 Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Centre, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 2 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher M Bailey
- 1 Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Centre, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 3 Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles N Munyon
- 1 Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Centre, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 2 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hans O Luders
- 1 Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Centre, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 3 Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Philip S Fastenau
- 1 Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Centre, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 3 Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Li S, Zaninotto AL, Neville IS, Paiva WS, Nunn D, Fregni F. Clinical utility of brain stimulation modalities following traumatic brain injury: current evidence. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:1573-86. [PMID: 26170670 PMCID: PMC4494620 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s65816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the main cause of disability and a major public health problem worldwide. This review focuses on the neurophysiology of TBI, and the rationale and current state of evidence of clinical application of brain stimulation to promote TBI recovery, particularly on consciousness, cognitive function, motor impairments, and psychiatric conditions. We discuss the mechanisms of different brain stimulation techniques including major noninvasive and invasive stimulations. Thus far, most noninvasive brain stimulation interventions have been nontargeted and focused on the chronic phase of recovery after TBI. In the acute stages, there is limited available evidence of the efficacy and safety of brain stimulation to improve functional outcomes. Comparing the studies across different techniques, transcranial direct current stimulation is the intervention that currently has the higher number of properly designed clinical trials, though total number is still small. We recognize the need for larger studies with target neuroplasticity modulation to fully explore the benefits of brain stimulation to effect TBI recovery during different stages of recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China ; Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Luiza Zaninotto
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Division of Psychology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iuri Santana Neville
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wellingson Silva Paiva
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danuza Nunn
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant public health problem and is a leading cause of death and disability in many countries. Durable treatments for neurological function deficits following TBI have been elusive, as there are currently no FDA-approved therapeutic modalities for mitigating the consequences of TBI. Neurostimulation strategies using various forms of electrical stimulation have recently been applied to treat functional deficits in animal models and clinical stroke trials. The results from these studies suggest that neurostimulation may augment improvements in both motor and cognitive deficits after brain injury. Several studies have taken this approach in animal models of TBI, showing both behavioral enhancement and biological evidence of recovery. There have been only a few studies using deep brain stimulation (DBS) in human TBI patients, and future studies are warranted to validate the feasibility of this technique in the clinical treatment of TBI. In this review, the authors summarize insights from studies employing neurostimulation techniques in the setting of brain injury. Moreover, they relate these findings to the future prospect of using DBS to ameliorate motor and cognitive deficits following TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Shin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Sweet JA, Eakin KC, Munyon CN, Miller JP. Improved learning and memory with theta-burst stimulation of the fornix in rat model of traumatic brain injury. Hippocampus 2014; 24:1592-600. [PMID: 25087862 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Learning and memory deficits are a source of considerable morbidity after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We investigated the effect of different patterns of hippocampal stimulation via a fornix electrode on cognitively demanding tasks after TBI. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent fluid-percussion injury and were compared with sham-operated rats. Electrodes were implanted into the fornix and hippocampus, and stimulation of the fornix produced robust evoked potentials in the hippocampus. A 60-s delayed non-match-to-sample (DNMS) swim T-maze was serially performed using four stimulation patterns: no stimulation (No Stim), low-frequency stimulation (LFS, 5 Hz), high-frequency stimulation (HFS, 130 Hz), and theta-burst stimulation (TBS, 200 Hz in 50 ms trains, five trains per second; 60 µA biphasic pulses). In a separate cohort of sham and injured animals, Morris water maze (MWM) was performed with or without TBS. RESULTS In the DNMS swim T-maze, LFS and HFS did not significantly improve performance after TBI. However, there was a significant difference in performance between TBI + No Stim and TBI + TBS groups (P < 0.05) with no significant difference between Sham + No Stim and TBI + TBS. In the MWM, latency in the TBI + TBS group was significantly different from TBI + No Stim starting on day 2 (P < 0.05) and was not different from Sham + No Stim. The TBI + TBS group performed significantly more platform crossings in the probe trial (P < 0.01) and exhibited improved search strategy starting on day 3 (P < 0.05) compared with TBI + No Stim. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in learning and memory after TBI are improved with TBS of the hippocampus. HFS and LFS do not appear to produce as great an effect as TBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Sweet
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Tabansky I, Quinkert AW, Rahman N, Muller SZ, Lofgren J, Rudling J, Goodman A, Wang Y, Pfaff DW. Temporally-patterned deep brain stimulation in a mouse model of multiple traumatic brain injury. Behav Brain Res 2014; 273:123-32. [PMID: 25072520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report that mice with closed-head multiple traumatic brain injury (TBI) show a decrease in the motoric aspects of generalized arousal, as measured by automated, quantitative behavioral assays. Further, we found that temporally-patterned deep brain stimulation (DBS) can increase generalized arousal and spontaneous motor activity in this mouse model of TBI. This arousal increase is input-pattern-dependent, as changing the temporal pattern of DBS can modulate its effect on motor activity. Finally, an extensive examination of mouse behavioral capacities, looking for deficits in this model of TBI, suggest that the strongest effects of TBI in this model are found in the initiation of any kind of movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inna Tabansky
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Amy Wells Quinkert
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Nadera Rahman
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Salomon Zev Muller
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Jesper Lofgren
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States; Linkoping University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hälsouniversitetet Kansliet 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Rudling
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States; Linkoping University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hälsouniversitetet Kansliet 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alyssa Goodman
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Yingping Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Donald W Pfaff
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, Box 275, New York, NY 10065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Gratwicke J, Kahan J, Zrinzo L, Hariz M, Limousin P, Foltynie T, Jahanshahi M. The nucleus basalis of Meynert: A new target for deep brain stimulation in dementia? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2676-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
70
|
Karas PJ, Mikell CB, Christian E, Liker MA, Sheth SA. Deep brain stimulation: a mechanistic and clinical update. Neurosurg Focus 2013; 35:E1. [DOI: 10.3171/2013.9.focus13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS), the practice of placing electrodes deep into the brain to stimulate subcortical structures with electrical current, has been increasing as a neurosurgical procedure over the past 15 years. Originally a treatment for essential tremor, DBS is now used and under investigation across a wide spectrum of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In addition to applying electrical stimulation for clinical symptomatic relief, the electrodes implanted can also be used to record local electrical activity in the brain, making DBS a useful research tool. Human single-neuron recordings and local field potentials are now often recorded intraoperatively as electrodes are implanted. Thus, the increasing scope of DBS clinical applications is being matched by an increase in investigational use, leading to a rapidly evolving understanding of cortical and subcortical neurocircuitry. In this review, the authors discuss recent innovations in the clinical use of DBS, both in approved indications as well as in indications under investigation. Deep brain stimulation as an investigational tool is also reviewed, paying special attention to evolving models of basal ganglia and cortical function in health and disease. Finally, the authors look to the future across several indications, highlighting gaps in knowledge and possible future directions of DBS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Karas
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Neurological Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Charles B. Mikell
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Neurological Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Eisha Christian
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Keck Hospital of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A. Liker
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Keck Hospital of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sameer A. Sheth
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Neurological Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Yin T, Lindley TE, Albert GW, Ahmed R, Schmeiser PB, Grady MS, Howard MA, Welsh MJ. Loss of Acid sensing ion channel-1a and bicarbonate administration attenuate the severity of traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72379. [PMID: 23991103 PMCID: PMC3753246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in people of all ages. Following the acute mechanical insult, TBI evolves over the ensuing minutes and days. Understanding the secondary factors that contribute to TBI might suggest therapeutic strategies to reduce the long-term consequences of brain trauma. To assess secondary factors that contribute to TBI, we studied a lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) model in mice. Following FPI, the brain cortex became acidic, consistent with data from humans following brain trauma. Administering HCO3− after FPI prevented the acidosis and reduced the extent of neurodegeneration. Because acidosis can activate acid sensing ion channels (ASICs), we also studied ASIC1a−/− mice and found reduced neurodegeneration after FPI. Both HCO3− administration and loss of ASIC1a also reduced functional deficits caused by FPI. These results suggest that FPI induces cerebral acidosis that activates ASIC channels and contributes to secondary injury in TBI. They also suggest a therapeutic strategy to attenuate the adverse consequences of TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Timothy E. Lindley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Gregory W. Albert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Raheel Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Peter B. Schmeiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - M. Sean Grady
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew A. Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Hsieh LT, Ranganath C. Frontal midline theta oscillations during working memory maintenance and episodic encoding and retrieval. Neuroimage 2013; 85 Pt 2:721-9. [PMID: 23933041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural oscillations in the theta band (4-8 Hz) are prominent in the human electroencephalogram (EEG), and many recent electrophysiological studies in animals and humans have implicated scalp-recorded frontal midline theta (FMT) in working memory and episodic memory encoding and retrieval processes. However, the functional significance of theta oscillations in human memory processes remains largely unknown. Here, we review studies in human and animals examining how scalp-recorded FMT relates to memory behaviors and also their possible neural generators. We also discuss models of the functional relevance of theta oscillations to memory processes and suggest promising directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Tien Hsieh
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis.,Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis.,Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Suthana N, Fried I. Deep brain stimulation for enhancement of learning and memory. Neuroimage 2013; 85 Pt 3:996-1002. [PMID: 23921099 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a powerful technique to treat a host of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders from Parkinson's disease and dystonia, to depression, and obsessive compulsive disorder (Benabid et al., 1987; Lang and Lozano, 1998; Davis et al., 1997; Vidailhet et al., 2005; Mayberg et al., 2005; Nuttin et al., 1999). More recently, results suggest that DBS can enhance memory for facts and events that are dependent on the medial temporal lobe (MTL), thus raising the possibility for DBS to be used as a treatment for MTL- related neurological disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, temporal lobe epilepsy, and MTL injuries). In the following review, we summarize key results that show the ability of DBS or cortical surface stimulation to enhance memory. We also discuss current knowledge regarding the temporal specificity, underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of action, and generalization of stimulation's effects on memory. Throughout our discussion, we also propose several future directions that will provide the necessary insight into if and how DBS could be used as a therapeutic treatment for memory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanthia Suthana
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine and Semel Institute For Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|