51
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Kouznetsova VL, Kim E, Romm EL, Zhu A, Tsigelny IF. Recognition of early and late stages of bladder cancer using metabolites and machine learning. Metabolomics 2019; 15:94. [PMID: 31222577 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common and aggressive cancers. It is the sixth most frequently occurring cancer in men and its rate of occurrence increases with age. The current method of BCa diagnosis includes a cystoscopy and biopsy. This process is expensive, unpleasant, and may have severe side effects. Recent growth in the power and accessibility of machine-learning software has allowed for the development of new, non-invasive diagnostic methods whose accuracy and sensitivity are uncompromising to function. OBJECTIVES The goal of this research was to elucidate the biomarkers including metabolites and corresponding genes for different stages of BCa, show their distinguishing and common features, and create a machine-learning model for classification of stages of BCa. METHODS Sets of metabolites for early and late stages, as well as common for both stages were analyzed using MetaboAnalyst and Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis (IPA®) software. Machine-learning methods were utilized in the development of a binary classifier for early- and late-stage metabolites of BCa. Metabolites were quantitatively characterized using EDragon 1.0 software. The two modeling methods used are Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with a logistic regression loss function. RESULTS We explored metabolic pathways related to early-stage BCa (Galactose metabolism and Starch and sucrose metabolism) and to late-stage BCa (Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, Arginine and proline metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, and Galactose metabolism) as well as those common to both stages pathways. The central metabolite impacting the most cancerogenic genes (AKT, EGFR, MAPK3) in early stage is D-glucose, while late-stage BCa is characterized by significant fold changes in several metabolites: glycerol, choline, 13(S)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, 2'-fucosyllactose. Insulin was also seen to play an important role in late stages of BCa. The best performing model was able to predict metabolite class with an accuracy of 82.54% and the area under precision-recall curve (PRC) of 0.84 on the training set. The same model was applied to three separate sets of metabolites obtained from public sources, one set of the late-stage metabolites and two sets of the early-stage metabolites. The model was better at predicting early-stage metabolites with accuracies of 72% (18/25) and 95% (19/20) on the early sets, and an accuracy of 65.45% (36/55) on the late-stage metabolite set. CONCLUSION By examining the biomarkers present in the urine samples of BCa patients as compared with normal patients, the biomarkers associated with this cancer can be pinpointed and lead to the elucidation of affected metabolic pathways that are specific to different stages of cancer. Development of machine-learning model including metabolites and their chemical descriptors made it possible to achieve considerable accuracy of prediction of stages of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina L Kouznetsova
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, San Diego, USA
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, UC San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Elliot Kim
- REHS Program UC San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Alan Zhu
- REHS Program UC San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Igor F Tsigelny
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, San Diego, USA.
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, UC San Diego, San Diego, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego, San Diego, USA.
- CureMatch Inc., San Diego, USA.
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52
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Kim K, Trott JF, Gao G, Chapman A, Weiss RH. Plasma metabolites and lipids associate with kidney function and kidney volume in hypertensive ADPKD patients early in the disease course. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:66. [PMID: 30803434 PMCID: PMC6388487 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disease and is characterized by gradual cyst growth and expansion, increase in kidney volume with an ultimate decline in kidney function leading to end stage renal disease (ESRD). Given the decades long period of stable kidney function while cyst growth occurs, it is important to identify those patients who will progress to ESRD. Recent data from our and other laboratories have demonstrated that metabolic reprogramming may play a key role in cystic epithelial proliferation resulting in cyst growth in ADPKD. Height corrected total kidney volume (ht-TKV) accurately reflects cyst burden and predicts future loss of kidney function. We hypothesize that specific plasma metabolites will correlate with eGFR and ht-TKV early in ADPKD, both predictors of disease progression, potentially indicative of early physiologic derangements of renal disease severity. Methods To investigate the predictive role of plasma metabolites on eGFR and/or ht-TKV, we used a non-targeted GC-TOF/MS-based metabolomics approach on hypertensive ADPKD patients in the early course of their disease. Patient data was obtained from the HALT-A randomized clinical trial at baseline including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and measured ht-TKV. To identify individual metabolites whose intensities are significantly correlated with eGFR and ht-TKV, association analyses were performed using linear regression with each metabolite signal level as the primary predictor variable and baseline eGFR and ht-TKV as the continuous outcomes of interest, while adjusting for covariates. Significance was determined by Storey’s false discovery rate (FDR) q-values to correct for multiple testing. Results Twelve metabolites significantly correlated with eGFR and two triglycerides significantly correlated with baseline ht-TKV at FDR q-value < 0.05. Specific significant metabolites, including pseudo-uridine, indole-3-lactate, uric acid, isothreonic acid, and creatinine, have been previously shown to accumulate in plasma and/or urine in both diabetic and cystic renal diseases with advanced renal insufficiency. Conclusions This study identifies metabolic derangements in early ADPKD which may be prognostic for ADPKD disease progression. Clinical trial HALT Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease (HALT PKD) Study A; Clinical www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00283686; first posted January 30, 2006, last update posted March 19, 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-019-1249-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmi Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Josephine F Trott
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Building, Room 6311, 451 Health Sciences Dr, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Guimin Gao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arlene Chapman
- Nephrology Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert H Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Building, Room 6311, 451 Health Sciences Dr, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. .,Medical Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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53
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Abbiss H, Maker GL, Trengove RD. Metabolomics Approaches for the Diagnosis and Understanding of Kidney Diseases. Metabolites 2019; 9:E34. [PMID: 30769897 PMCID: PMC6410198 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the kidney are difficult to diagnose and treat. This review summarises the definition, cause, epidemiology and treatment of some of these diseases including chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, kidney cancer, kidney transplantation and polycystic kidney diseases. Numerous studies have adopted a metabolomics approach to uncover new small molecule biomarkers of kidney diseases to improve specificity and sensitivity of diagnosis and to uncover biochemical mechanisms that may elucidate the cause and progression of these diseases. This work includes a description of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approaches, including some of the currently available tools, and emphasises findings from metabolomics studies of kidney diseases. We have included a varied selection of studies (disease, model, sample number, analytical platform) and focused on metabolites which were commonly reported as discriminating features between kidney disease and a control. These metabolites are likely to be robust indicators of kidney disease processes, and therefore potential biomarkers, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Abbiss
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth 6150, Australia.
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth 6150, Australia.
| | - Garth L Maker
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth 6150, Australia.
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth 6150, Australia.
| | - Robert D Trengove
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth 6150, Australia.
- Metabolomics Australia, Murdoch University Node, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth 6150, Australia.
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54
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Oeyen E, Hoekx L, De Wachter S, Baldewijns M, Ameye F, Mertens I. Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Follow-Up: The Current Status and Possible Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040821. [PMID: 30769831 PMCID: PMC6412916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic methods currently used for bladder cancer are cystoscopy and urine cytology. Cystoscopy is an invasive tool and has low sensitivity for carcinoma in situ. Urine cytology is non-invasive, is a low-cost method, and has a high specificity but low sensitivity for low-grade urothelial tumors. Despite the search for urinary biomarkers for the early and non-invasive detection of bladder cancer, no biomarkers are used at the present in daily clinical practice. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recently studied as a promising source of biomarkers because of their role in intercellular communication and tumor progression. In this review, we give an overview of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved urine tests to detect bladder cancer and why their use is not widespread in clinical practice. We also include non-FDA approved urinary biomarkers in this review. We describe the role of EVs in bladder cancer and their possible role as biomarkers for the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer patients. We review recently discovered EV-derived biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Oeyen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium.
- Centre for Proteomics (CFP), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Lucien Hoekx
- Urology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Stefan De Wachter
- Urology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Marcella Baldewijns
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Filip Ameye
- Urology Department, General Hospital Maria Middelares Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Inge Mertens
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium.
- Centre for Proteomics (CFP), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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55
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Sato T, Kawasaki Y, Maekawa M, Takasaki S, Saigusa D, Ota H, Shimada S, Yamashita S, Mitsuzuka K, Yamaguchi H, Ito A, Kinoshita K, Koshiba S, Mano N, Arai Y. Value of global metabolomics in association with diagnosis and clinicopathological factors of renal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:484-493. [PMID: 30628065 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant tumor that currently lacks clinically useful biomarkers indicative of early diagnosis or disease status. RCC has commonly been diagnosed based on imaging results. Metabolomics offers a potential technology for discovering biomarkers and therapeutic targets by comprehensive screening of metabolites from patients with various cancers. We aimed to identify metabolites associated with early diagnosis and clinicopathological factors in RCC using global metabolomics (G-Met). Tumor and nontumor tissues were sampled from 20 cases of surgically resected clear cell RCC. G-Met was performed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and important metabolites specific to RCC were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis for cancer diagnostic ability based on area under the curve (AUC) and clinicopathological factors (tumor volume, pathological T stage, Fuhrman grade, presence of coagulation necrosis and distant metastasis). We identified 58 metabolites showing significantly increased levels in tumor tissues, 34 of which showed potential early diagnostic ability (AUC >0.8), but 24 did not discriminate between tumor and nontumor tissues (AUC ≤0.8). We recognized 6 pathways from 9 metabolites with AUC >0.8 and 7 pathways from 10 metabolites with AUC ≤0.8 about malignant status. Clinicopathological factors involving malignant status correlated significantly with metabolites showing AUC ≤0.8 (p = 0.0279). The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, TCA cycle intermediates, nucleotide sugar pathway and inositol pathway were characteristic pathways for the malignant status of RCC. In conclusion, our study found that metabolites and their pathways allowed discrimination between early diagnosis and malignant status in RCC according to our G-Met protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sato
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Kawasaki
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinya Takasaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ota
- Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimada
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Koji Mitsuzuka
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Seizo Koshiba
- Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Arai
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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56
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Dahal KS, Gamagedara S, Nuwan Perera UD, Lavine BK. Analysis of gentisic acid and related renal cell carcinoma biomarkers using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with water-rich mobile phases. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019; 42:681-687. [PMID: 33013156 DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1666275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The problem of longer retention times using water-rich mobile phases in reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) has been addressed using hydrophobic alcohols such as butanol in very low quantities (approximately 0.1%) as the organic modifier. Advantages of water-rich mobile phases in RPLC for the separation of water-soluble and weakly retained compounds are improved separation of congeners and better tuning of RPLC separations. This is demonstrated in the separation of gentisic acid and related renal cell carcinoma (RCC) biomarkers in urine with a Zorbax C18 column and a mobile phase of 0.1% (volume/volume) butanol in water with 0.6% (volume/volume) acetic acid. Calibration curves for the RCC biomarkers were linear over the concentration range investigated (5 ppm to 1000 ppm). Detection limits for the RCC biomarkers were 0.85ppm (quinolinic acid), 1.75ppm (gentisic acid), and 1.25ppm (4-hydroxybenzoic acid). Recovery tests using synthetic urine samples containing 20 ppm, 100 ppm, and 700 pm of each RCC biomarker were successful for all compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Barry K Lavine
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
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57
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Knott ME, Manzi M, Zabalegui N, Salazar MO, Puricelli LI, Monge ME. Metabolic Footprinting of a Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in Vitro Model for Human Kidney Cancer Detection. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3877-3888. [PMID: 30260228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for harvesting and extracting extracellular metabolites from an in vitro model of human renal cell lines was developed to profile the exometabolome by means of a discovery-based metabolomics approach using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Metabolic footprints provided by conditioned media (CM) samples ( n = 66) of two clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) cell lines with different genetic backgrounds and a nontumor renal cell line, were compared with the human serum metabolic profile of a pilot cohort ( n = 10) comprised of stage IV ccRCC patients and healthy individuals. Using a cross-validated orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis model, a panel of 21 discriminant features selected by iterative multivariate classification, allowed differentiating control from tumor cell lines with 100% specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy. Isoleucine/leucine, phenylalanine, N-lactoyl-leucine, and N-acetyl-phenylalanine, and cysteinegluthatione disulfide (CYSSG) were identified by chemical standards, and hydroxyprolyl-valine was identified with MS and MS/MS experiments. A subset of 9 discriminant features, including the identified metabolites except for CYSSG, produced a fingerprint of classification value that enabled discerning ccRCC patients from healthy individuals. To our knowledge, this is the first time that N-lactoyl-leucine is associated with ccRCC. Results from this study provide a proof of concept that CM can be used as a serum proxy to obtain disease-related metabolic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Knott
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Godoy Cruz 2390 , C1425FQD , Ciudad de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Malena Manzi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Godoy Cruz 2390 , C1425FQD , Ciudad de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Nicolás Zabalegui
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Godoy Cruz 2390 , C1425FQD , Ciudad de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Mario O Salazar
- Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas , Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Suipacha 531 , Rosario S-2002LRK , Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lydia I Puricelli
- Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Av. San Martín 5481 , C1417DTB , Ciudad de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Godoy Cruz 2390 , C1425FQD , Ciudad de Buenos Aires , Argentina
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58
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Duskova K, Vesely S, DO Carmo Silva J, Cernei N, Zitka O, Heger Z, Adam V, Havlova K, Babjuk M. Differences in Urinary Amino Acid Patterns in Individuals with Different Types of Urological Tumor Urinary Amino Acid Patterns as Markers of Urological Tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 32:425-429. [PMID: 29475932 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient specificity and invasiveness of currently used diagnostic methods raises the need for new markers of urological tumors. The aim of this study was to find a link between the urinary excretion of amino acids and the presence of urological tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using ion-exchange chromatography, we tested urine samples of patients with prostate cancer (n=30), urinary bladder cancer (n=28), renal cell carcinoma (n=16) and healthy volunteers (control group; n=21). RESULTS In each category, we found a group of amino acids which differed in concentration compared to the control group. These differences were most significant in sarcosine in patients with prostate cancer; leucine, phenylalanine and arginine in those with bladder cancer; and sarcosine, glutamic acid, glycine, tyrosine and arginine in the those with renal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION Results of our research imply a possible connection between the occurrence of specific types of amino acids in the urine and the presence of urological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Duskova
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Vesely
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joana DO Carmo Silva
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Cernei
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Havlova
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Babjuk
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Nizioł J, Bonifay V, Ossoliński K, Ossoliński T, Ossolińska A, Sunner J, Beech I, Arendowski A, Ruman T. Metabolomic study of human tissue and urine in clear cell renal carcinoma by LC-HRMS and PLS-DA. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3859-3869. [PMID: 29658093 PMCID: PMC5956006 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent and lethal malignancy of the kidney. Despite all the efforts made, no tissue biomarker is currently used in the clinical management of patients with kidney cancer. A search for possible biomarkers in urine for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been conducted. Non-targeted metabolomic analyses were performed on paired samples of surgically removed renal cancer and normal tissue, as well as on urine samples. Extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, decanoylcarnitine, propanoylcarnitine, carnitine, dodecanoylcarnitine, and norepinephrine sulfate were found in much higher concentrations in both cancer tissues (compared with the paired normal tissue) and in urine of cancer patients (compared with control urine). In contrast, riboflavin and acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) were present at significantly higher concentrations both in normal kidney tissue as well as in urine samples of healthy persons. This preliminary study resulted in the identification of several compounds that may be considered potential clear cell renal carcinoma biomarkers. Graphical abstract PLS-DA plot based on LC-MS data for normal and cancer human tissue samples. The aim of this work was the identification of up- and downregulated compounds that could potentially serve as renal cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nizioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Vincent Bonifay
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Krzysztof Ossoliński
- Department of General Surgery and Urology, John Paul II Hospital, Grunwaldzka 4 St., 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Ossoliński
- Department of General Surgery and Urology, John Paul II Hospital, Grunwaldzka 4 St., 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Anna Ossolińska
- Department of General Surgery and Urology, John Paul II Hospital, Grunwaldzka 4 St., 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Jan Sunner
- Department of Chemistry, Montana State University, 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Iwona Beech
- Center of Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Adrian Arendowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ruman
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
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60
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Inhibiting tryptophan metabolism enhances interferon therapy in kidney cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66540-66557. [PMID: 27572319 PMCID: PMC5341819 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing in incidence, and a complete cure remains elusive. While immune-checkpoint antibodies are promising, interferon-based immunotherapy has been disappointing. Tryptophan metabolism, which produces immunosuppressive metabolites, is enhanced in RCC. Here we show indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) expression, a kynurenine pathway enzyme, is increased not only in tumor cells but also in the microenvironment of human RCC compared to normal kidney tissues. Neither kynurenine metabolites nor IDO inhibitors affected the survival or proliferation of human RCC or murine renal cell adenocarcinoma (RENCA) cells in vitro. However, interferon-gamma (IFNγ) induced high levels of IDO1 in both RCC and RENCA cells, concomitant with enhanced kynurenine levels in conditioned media. Induction of IDO1 by IFNα was weaker than by IFNγ. Neither the IDO1 inhibitor methyl-thiohydantoin-DL-tryptophan (MTH-trp) nor IFNα alone inhibited RENCA tumor growth, however the combination of MTH-trp and IFNα reduced tumor growth compared to IFNα. Thus, the failure of IFNα therapy for human RCC is likely due to its inability to overcome the immunosuppressive environment created by increased IDO1. Based on our data, and given that IDO inhibitors are already in clinical trials for other malignancies, IFNα therapy with an IDO inhibitor should be revisited for RCC.
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Li HJ, Li WX, Dai SX, Guo YC, Zheng JJ, Liu JQ, Wang Q, Chen BW, Li GH, Huang JF. Identification of metabolism-associated genes and pathways involved in different stages of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:2316-2322. [PMID: 29434939 PMCID: PMC5776935 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of early diagnostic markers and novel therapeutic targets for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) negatively affects patient prognosis. Cancer metabolism is an attractive area for the understanding of the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis. The present study attempted to identify metabolic changes from the view of the expression of metabolism-associated genes between control samples and those of ccRCC at different disease stages. Data concerning ccRCC gene expression obtained by RNA-sequencing was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and data on metabolism-associated genes were extracted using the Recon2 model. Following analysis of differential gene expression, multiple differentially expressed metabolic genes at each tumor-node-metastasis disease stage were identified, compared with control non-disease samples: Metabolic genes (305) were differentially expressed in stage I disease, 323 in stage II disease, 355 in stage III disease and 363 in stage IV disease. Following enrichment analysis for differential metabolic genes, 22 metabolic pathways were identified to be dysregulated in multiple stages of ccRCC. Abnormalities in hormone, vitamin, glucose and lipid metabolism were present in the early stages of the disease, with dysregulation to reactive oxygen species detoxification and amino acid metabolism pathways occurring with advanced disease stages, particularly to valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism, which was substantially dysregulated in stage IV disease. The xenobiotic metabolism pathway, associated with multiple cytochrome P450 family genes, was dysregulated in each stage of the disease. This pathway is worthy of substantial attention since it may aid understanding of drug resistance in ccRCC. The results of the present study offer information to aid further research into early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Xing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Cheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Juan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
| | - Gong-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
- KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Models and Drug Development, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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Kori M, Aydın B, Unal S, Arga KY, Kazan D. Metabolic Biomarkers and Neurodegeneration: A Pathway Enrichment Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 20:645-661. [PMID: 27828769 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) lack robust diagnostics and prognostic biomarkers. Metabolomics is a postgenomics field that offers fresh insights for biomarkers of common complex as well as rare diseases. Using data on metabolite-disease associations published in the previous decade (2006-2016) in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science, we identified 101 metabolites as putative biomarkers for these three neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, uric acid, choline, creatine, L-glutamine, alanine, creatinine, and N-acetyl-L-aspartate were the shared metabolite signatures among the three diseases. The disease-metabolite-pathway associations pointed out the importance of membrane transport (through ATP binding cassette transporters), particularly of arginine and proline amino acids in all three neurodegenerative diseases. When disease-specific and common metabolic pathways were queried by using the pathway enrichment analyses, we found that alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and purine metabolism might act as alternative pathways to overcome inadequate glucose supply and energy crisis in neurodegeneration. These observations underscore the importance of metabolite-based biomarker research in deciphering the elusive pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Future research investments in metabolomics of complex diseases might provide new insights on AD, PD, and ALS that continue to place a significant burden on global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medi Kori
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Aydın
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Unal
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Kazan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkey
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64
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Yen TA, Dahal KS, Lavine B, Hassan Z, Gamagedara S. Development and Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Gentisic Acid and Related Renal Cell Carcinoma Biomarkers in Urine. Microchem J 2017; 137:85-89. [PMID: 29180827 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) method was developed to simultaneously detect and quantify creatinine, quinolinic acid, gentisic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in urine. These four bio-markers are present in relatively high concentrations in urine. Using a 5% methanol in water mobile phase with 0.6% acetic acid and a Zorbax C18 column, baseline resolution for all four biomarkers in synthetic urine was achieved. Better resolution was obtained for the separation of these four compounds when water rich mobile phases were used. Detection of the four biomarkers in urine using the proposed RPLC method is limited by background from the urine matrix for the later eluting compounds and from the dead marker for earlier eluting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-An Yen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 North University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034
| | - Kaushalya Sharma Dahal
- Department of Chemistry, 107 Physical Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Barry Lavine
- Department of Chemistry, 107 Physical Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Zayed Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 North University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034
| | - Sanjeewa Gamagedara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 North University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034
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Farag MA, Ammar NM, Kholeif TE, Metwally NS, El-Sheikh NM, Wessjohann LA, Abdel-Hamid AZ. Rats' urinary metabolomes reveal the potential roles of functional foods and exercise in obesity management. Food Funct 2017; 8:985-996. [PMID: 28197590 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01753c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of the metabolic changes in obese individuals still presents a challenge for the understanding of obesity-related metabolic disruptions and for obesity management. In this study, a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomics approach targeting urine metabolism has been applied to assess the potential roles of functional foods and exercise for obesity management in rats. Male albino rats diagnosed as obese via histopathology and biochemical assays were administered functional foods in common use for obesity management including pomegranate, grapefruit, and red cabbage juice extracts in parallel with swimming exercise. Urine samples were collected from these rats, and likewise from healthy control animals, for metabolite analysis using (GC-MS) coupled to multivariate data analysis. The results revealed a significant elevation in oxalate and phosphate levels in obese rat urine concurrent with lower lactate levels as compared to the control group. Furthermore, and to pinpoint the bioactive agents in the administered functional foods, ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) was employed for secondary metabolite profiling. The different phenolic classes found in the examined functional foods, viz. ellagitannins in pomegranate, flavanones in grapefruit and flavonols in red cabbage, are likely to mediate their anti-obesity effects. The results indicate that these functional foods and exercise were quite effective in reverting obesity-related metabolic disruptions back to normal status, as revealed by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - N M Ammar
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - T E Kholeif
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain-Shams University, Egypt
| | - N S Metwally
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N M El-Sheikh
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain-Shams University, Egypt
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - A Z Abdel-Hamid
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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66
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Yin J, Liu S, Yu J, Wu B. Differential toxicity of arsenic on renal oxidative damage and urinary metabolic profiles in normal and diabetic mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:17485-17492. [PMID: 28593546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a common metabolic disease, which might influence susceptibility of the kidney to arsenic toxicity. However, relative report is limited. In this study, we compared the influence of inorganic arsenic (iAs) on renal oxidative damage and urinary metabolic profiles of normal and diabetic mice. Results showed that iAs exposure increased renal lipid peroxidation in diabetic mice and oxidative DNA damage in normal mice, meaning different effects of iAs exposure on normal and diabetic individuals. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolome analyses found that diabetes significantly changed urinary metabolic profiles of mice. Oxidative stress-related metabolites, such as arginine, glutamine, methionine, and β-hydroxybutyrate, were found to be changed in diabetic mice. The iAs exposure altered amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism in normal and diabetic mice, but had higher influence on metabolic profiles of diabetic mice than normal mice, especially for oxidative stress-related metabolites and metabolisms. Above results indicate that diabetes increased susceptibility to iAs exposure. This study provides basic information on differential toxicity of iAs on renal toxicity and urinary metabolic profiles in normal and diabetic mice and suggests that diabetic individuals should be considered as susceptible population in toxicity assessment of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Wettersten HI, Aboud OA, Lara PN, Weiss RH. Metabolic reprogramming in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:410-419. [PMID: 28480903 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Research in many cancers has uncovered changes in metabolic pathways that control tumour energetics and biosynthesis, so-called metabolic reprogramming. Studies in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have been particularly revealing, leading to the concept that ccRCC is a metabolic disease. ccRCC is generally accompanied by reprogramming of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Metabolism of tryptophan, arginine and glutamine is also reprogrammed in many ccRCCs, and these changes provide opportunities for new therapeutic strategies, biomarkers and imaging modalities. In particular, metabolic reprogramming facilitates the identification of novel and repurposed drugs that could potentially be used to treat ccRCC, which when metastatic has currently limited long-term treatment options. Further research and dissemination of these concepts to nephrologists and oncologists will lead to clinical trials of therapeutics specifically targeted to tumour metabolism, rather than generally toxic to all proliferating cells. Such novel agents are highly likely to be more effective and to have far fewer adverse effects than existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi I Wettersten
- University of California, San Diego, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Room 4810, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, California 92037-0695, USA
| | - Omran Abu Aboud
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Davis, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, Room 6311, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Primo N Lara
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Suite 3003, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Robert H Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Davis, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, Room 6311, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA
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68
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Trivedi DK, Hollywood KA, Goodacre R. Metabolomics for the masses: The future of metabolomics in a personalized world. NEW HORIZONS IN TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 3:294-305. [PMID: 29094062 PMCID: PMC5653644 DOI: 10.1016/j.nhtm.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical practices focus on a small number of biochemical directly related to the pathophysiology with patients and thus only describe a very limited metabolome of a patient and fail to consider the interations of these small molecules. This lack of extended information may prevent clinicians from making the best possible therapeutic interventions in sufficient time to improve patient care. Various post-genomics '('omic)' approaches have been used for therapeutic interventions previously. Metabolomics now a well-established'omics approach, has been widely adopted as a novel approach for biomarker discovery and in tandem with genomics (especially SNPs and GWAS) has the potential for providing systemic understanding of the underlying causes of pathology. In this review, we discuss the relevance of metabolomics approaches in clinical sciences and its potential for biomarker discovery which may help guide clinical interventions. Although a powerful and potentially high throughput approach for biomarker discovery at the molecular level, true translation of metabolomics into clinics is an extremely slow process. Quicker adaptation of biomarkers discovered using metabolomics can be possible with novel portable and wearable technologies aided by clever data mining, as well as deep learning and artificial intelligence; we shall also discuss this with an eye to the future of precision medicine where metabolomics can be delivered to the masses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Royston Goodacre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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69
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Khamis MM, Adamko DJ, El-Aneed A. Mass spectrometric based approaches in urine metabolomics and biomarker discovery. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:115-134. [PMID: 25881008 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Urine metabolomics has recently emerged as a prominent field for the discovery of non-invasive biomarkers that can detect subtle metabolic discrepancies in response to a specific disease or therapeutic intervention. Urine, compared to other biofluids, is characterized by its ease of collection, richness in metabolites and its ability to reflect imbalances of all biochemical pathways within the body. Following urine collection for metabolomic analysis, samples must be immediately frozen to quench any biogenic and/or non-biogenic chemical reactions. According to the aim of the experiment; sample preparation can vary from simple procedures such as filtration to more specific extraction protocols such as liquid-liquid extraction. Due to the lack of comprehensive studies on urine metabolome stability, higher storage temperatures (i.e. 4°C) and repetitive freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided. To date, among all analytical techniques, mass spectrometry (MS) provides the best sensitivity, selectivity and identification capabilities to analyze the majority of the metabolite composition in the urine. Combined with the qualitative and quantitative capabilities of MS, and due to the continuous improvements in its related technologies (i.e. ultra high-performance liquid chromatography [UPLC] and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography [HILIC]), liquid chromatography (LC)-MS is unequivocally the most utilized and the most informative analytical tool employed in urine metabolomics. Furthermore, differential isotope tagging techniques has provided a solution to ion suppression from urine matrix thus allowing for quantitative analysis. In addition to LC-MS, other MS-based technologies have been utilized in urine metabolomics. These include direct injection (infusion)-MS, capillary electrophoresis-MS and gas chromatography-MS. In this article, the current progresses of different MS-based techniques in exploring the urine metabolome as well as the recent findings in providing potentially diagnostic urinary biomarkers are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:115-134, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Khamis
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Darryl J Adamko
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
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70
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Urine and Serum Metabolomics Analyses May Distinguish between Stages of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7010006. [PMID: 28165361 PMCID: PMC5372209 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous disease that is usually asymptomatic until late in the disease. There is an urgent need for RCC specific biomarkers that may be exploited clinically for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Preoperative fasting urine and serum samples were collected from patients with clinical renal masses and assessed with 1H NMR and GCMS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) based metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis. Alterations in levels of glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates were detected in RCC relative to benign masses. Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis plots discriminated between benign vs. pT1 (R2 = 0.46, Q2 = 0.28; AUC = 0.83), benign vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.58, Q2 = 0.37; AUC = 0.87) for 1H NMR-analyzed serum and between benign vs. pT1 (R2 = 0.50, Q2 = 0.37; AUC = 0.83), benign vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.72, Q2 = 0.68, AUC = 0.98) for urine samples. Separation was observed between benign vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.63, Q2 = 0.48; AUC = 0.93), pT1 vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.70, Q2 = 0.54) for GCMS-analyzed serum and between benign vs. pT3 (R2Y = 0.87; Q2 = 0.70; AUC = 0.98) for urine samples. This pilot study suggests that urine and serum metabolomics may be useful in differentiating benign renal tumors from RCC and for staging RCC.
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71
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Rodrigues D, Monteiro M, Jerónimo C, Henrique R, Belo L, Bastos MDL, Guedes de Pinho P, Carvalho M. Renal cell carcinoma: a critical analysis of metabolomic biomarkers emerging from current model systems. Transl Res 2017; 180:1-11. [PMID: 27546593 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, an emerging field of "omics" sciences, has caught wide scientific attention in the area of biomarker research for cancers in which early diagnostic biomarkers have the potential to greatly improve patient outcome, such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Metabolomic approaches have been successfully applied to various human RCC model systems, mostly ex vivo neoplastic renal tissues and biofluids (urine and serum) from patients with RCC. Importantly, in contrast to other cancers, only a few studies have addressed the RCC metabolome using cancer cell culture-based in vitro models. Herein, we first carried out a comprehensive review of current metabolomic data in RCC, with emphasis on metabolite disturbances and dysregulated metabolic pathways identified in each of these experimental models. We then critically analyzed the consistency of evidence in this field and whether metabolites found altered in tumor cell and tissue microenvironment are reflected in biofluids, which constitute the rationale underlying the translation of discovered metabolic biomarkers into noninvasive diagnostic tools. Finally, dominant metabolic pathways and promising metabolites as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of RCC are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Márcia Monteiro
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Belo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.
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Leuthold P, Schaeffeler E, Winter S, Büttner F, Hofmann U, Mürdter TE, Rausch S, Sonntag D, Wahrheit J, Fend F, Hennenlotter J, Bedke J, Schwab M, Haag M. Comprehensive Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiling of Human Kidney Tissue: A Platform Comparison. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:933-944. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Leuthold
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Büttner
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas E. Mürdter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Department
of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Falko Fend
- Institute
of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hennenlotter
- Department
of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department
of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Haag
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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73
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance metabolomics reveals an excretory metabolic signature of renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37275. [PMID: 27857216 PMCID: PMC5114559 DOI: 10.1038/srep37275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RCC usually develops and progresses asymptomatically and, when detected, it is frequently at advanced stages and metastatic, entailing a dismal prognosis. Therefore, there is an obvious demand for new strategies enabling an earlier diagnosis. The importance of metabolic rearrangements for carcinogenesis unlocked a new approach for cancer research, catalyzing the increased use of metabolomics. The present study aimed the NMR metabolic profiling of RCC in urine samples from a cohort of RCC patients (n = 42) and controls (n = 49). The methodology entailed variable selection of the spectra in tandem with multivariate analysis and validation procedures. The retrieval of a disease signature was preceded by a systematic evaluation of the impacts of subject age, gender, BMI, and smoking habits. The impact of confounders on the urine metabolomics profile of this population is residual compared to that of RCC. A 32-metabolite/resonance signature descriptive of RCC was unveiled, successfully distinguishing RCC patients from controls in principal component analysis. This work demonstrates the value of a systematic metabolomics workflow for the identification of robust urinary metabolic biomarkers of RCC. Future studies should entail the validation of the 32-metabolite/resonance signature found for RCC in independent cohorts, as well as biological validation of the putative hypotheses advanced.
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Shanmugasundaram K, Block K. Renal Carcinogenesis, Tumor Heterogeneity, and Reactive Oxygen Species: Tactics Evolved. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:685-701. [PMID: 27287984 PMCID: PMC5069729 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The number of kidney cancers is growing 3-5% each year due to unknown etiologies. Intra- and inter-tumor mediators increase oxidative stress and drive tumor heterogeneity. Recent Advances: Technology advancement in state-of-the-art instrumentation and methodologies allows researchers to detect and characterize global landscaping modifications in genes, proteins, and pathophysiology patterns at the single-cell level. CRITICAL ISSUES We postulate that the sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their activation within subcellular compartments will change over a timeline of tumor evolvement and contribute to tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, the complexity of intracellular changes within a tumor and ROS-induced tumor heterogeneity coupled to the advancement of detecting these events globally are limited at the level of data collection, organization, and interpretation using software algorithms and bioinformatics. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Integrative and collaborative research, combining the power of numbers with careful experimental design, protocol development, and data interpretation, will translate cancer biology and therapeutics to a heightened level or leave the abundant raw data as stagnant and underutilized. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 685-701.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Block
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial Hospital Division, San Antonio, Texas
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Lee S, Choi S, Kim YJ, Kim BJ, Hwang H, Park T. Pathway-based approach using hierarchical components of collapsed rare variants. Bioinformatics 2016; 32:i586-i594. [PMID: 27587678 PMCID: PMC5013912 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION To address 'missing heritability' issue, many statistical methods for pathway-based analyses using rare variants have been proposed to analyze pathways individually. However, neglecting correlations between multiple pathways can result in misleading solutions, and pathway-based analyses of large-scale genetic datasets require massive computational burden. We propose a Pathway-based approach using HierArchical components of collapsed RAre variants Of High-throughput sequencing data (PHARAOH) for the analysis of rare variants by constructing a single hierarchical model that consists of collapsed gene-level summaries and pathways and analyzes entire pathways simultaneously by imposing ridge-type penalties on both gene and pathway coefficient estimates; hence our method considers the correlation of pathways without constraint by a multiple testing problem. RESULTS Through simulation studies, the proposed method was shown to have higher statistical power than the existing pathway-based methods. In addition, our method was applied to the large-scale whole-exome sequencing data with levels of a liver enzyme using two well-known pathway databases Biocarta and KEGG. This application demonstrated that our method not only identified associated pathways but also successfully detected biologically plausible pathways for a phenotype of interest. These findings were successfully replicated by an independent large-scale exome chip study. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION An implementation of PHARAOH is available at http://statgen.snu.ac.kr/software/pharaoh/ CONTACT tspark@stats.snu.ac.kr SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyoung Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Sungkyoung Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-Do 363-951, Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-Do 363-951, Korea
| | - Heungsun Hwang
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Taesung Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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76
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Hao L, Greer T, Page D, Shi Y, Vezina CM, Macoska JA, Marker PC, Bjorling DE, Bushman W, Ricke WA, Li L. In-Depth Characterization and Validation of Human Urine Metabolomes Reveal Novel Metabolic Signatures of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30869. [PMID: 27502322 PMCID: PMC4977550 DOI: 10.1038/srep30869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a range of irritative or obstructive symptoms that commonly afflict aging population. The diagnosis is mostly based on patient-reported symptoms, and current medication often fails to completely eliminate these symptoms. There is a pressing need for objective non-invasive approaches to measure symptoms and understand disease mechanisms. We developed an in-depth workflow combining urine metabolomics analysis and machine learning bioinformatics to characterize metabolic alterations and support objective diagnosis of LUTS. Machine learning feature selection and statistical tests were combined to identify candidate biomarkers, which were statistically validated with leave-one-patient-out cross-validation and absolutely quantified by selected reaction monitoring assay. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed highly-accurate prediction power of candidate biomarkers to stratify patients into disease or non-diseased categories. The key metabolites and pathways may be possibly correlated with smooth muscle tone changes, increased collagen content, and inflammation, which have been identified as potential contributors to urinary dysfunction in humans and rodents. Periurethral tissue staining revealed a significant increase in collagen content and tissue stiffness in men with LUTS. Together, our study provides the first characterization and validation of LUTS urinary metabolites and pathways to support the future development of a urine-based diagnostic test for LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Tyler Greer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - David Page
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yatao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- George M. O'Brien Urology research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jill A. Macoska
- George M. O'Brien Urology research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Paul C. Marker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- George M. O'Brien Urology research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dale E. Bjorling
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- George M. O'Brien Urology research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wade Bushman
- George M. O'Brien Urology research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - William A. Ricke
- George M. O'Brien Urology research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Shi H, Li X, Zhang Q, Yang H, Zhang X. Discovery of urine biomarkers for bladder cancer via global metabolomics. Biomarkers 2016; 21:578-88. [PMID: 27133288 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2016.1171903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is latent in its early stage and lethal in its late stage. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention are essential for successful BC treatment. Considering the limitations of current diagnostic tools, noninvasive biomarkers that are both highly sensitive and specific are needed to improve the overall survival and quality of life of patients. With the advent of systems biology, "-omics" technologies have been developed over the past few decades. As a promising member, global metabolomics has increasingly been found to have clear potential for biomarker discovery. However, urinary metabolomics studies related to BC have lagged behind those of other urinary cancers, and major findings have not been systematically reported. The objective of this review is to comprehensively list the currently identified potential urinary metabolite biomarkers for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangchuan Shi
- a Department of Urology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- a Department of Urology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , P.R. China
| | | | - Hongmei Yang
- c Department of Pathogen Biology , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- a Department of Urology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , P.R. China
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Ji J, Zhang L, Zhang H, Sun C, Sun J, Jiang H, Abdalhai MH, Zhang Y, Sun X. 1H NMR-based urine metabolomics for the evaluation of kidney injury in Wistar rats by 3-MCPD. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:689-696. [PMID: 30090382 PMCID: PMC6062104 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00399g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of toxicity induced by 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) remains under investigation, and progress towards understanding this toxicity has been limited by the lack of sensitive and reliable biomarkers. Global metabolomics were analyzed to characterize the phenotypical biochemical perturbations and potential mechanisms of the 3-MCPD-induced toxicity. 3-MCPD was administered to Wistar rats (60 mg per kg bw, oral) for 7, 21, and 35 days and urine samples were collected at each time point. The urinary metabolomics was performed by 1H NMR, and the NMR spectrum signals of the detected metabolites were normalized and analyzed by orthogonal pattern recognition methods (PCA and OPLS-DA). This analysis revealed a time- and dose-dependency of the biochemical perturbations induced by 3-MCPD toxicity. Several metabolites responsible for glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism revealed that 3-MCPD produced serious kidney toxicity, consistent with clinical biochemistry and histopathology. Significant changes in seven identified metabolites were validated as phenotypic biomarkers of 3-MCPD toxicity. Overall, our work demonstrates the powerful use of metabolomics for improved detection of toxicity and biomarker discovery and highlights the powerful predictive potential of such analyses for understanding food toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , School of Food Science of Jiangnan University , School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-510-85328726
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , School of Food Science of Jiangnan University , School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-510-85328726
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- School of Foreign Studies , Shanxi University of Technology , 723000 , China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , School of Food Science of Jiangnan University , School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-510-85328726
| | - Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , School of Food Science of Jiangnan University , School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-510-85328726
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , School of Food Science of Jiangnan University , School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-510-85328726
| | - Mandour H Abdalhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , School of Food Science of Jiangnan University , School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-510-85328726
| | - YinZhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , School of Food Science of Jiangnan University , School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-510-85328726
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , School of Food Science of Jiangnan University , School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-510-85328726
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Rodrigues D, Jerónimo C, Henrique R, Belo L, de Lourdes Bastos M, de Pinho PG, Carvalho M. Biomarkers in bladder cancer: A metabolomic approach using in vitro and ex vivo model systems. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:256-68. [PMID: 26804544 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics has recently proved to be useful in the area of biomarker discovery for cancers in which early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed, as is the case of bladder cancer (BC). This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature on the metabolomic studies on BC, highlighting metabolic pathways perturbed in this disease and the altered metabolites as potential biomarkers for BC detection. Current disease model systems used in the study of BC metabolome include in vitro-cultured cancer cells, ex vivo neoplastic bladder tissues and biological fluids, mainly urine but also blood serum/plasma, from BC patients. The major advantages and drawbacks of each model system are discussed. Based on available data, it seems that BC metabolic signature is mainly characterized by alterations in metabolites related to energy metabolic pathways, particularly glycolysis, amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, known to be crucial for cell proliferation, as well as glutathione metabolism, known to be determinant in maintaining cellular redox balance. In addition, purine and pyrimidine metabolism as well as carnitine species were found to be altered in BC. Finally, it is emphasized that, despite the progress made in respect to novel biomarkers for BC diagnosis, there are still some challenges and limitations that should be addressed in future metabolomic studies to ensure their translatability to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology-Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology-Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Belo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FP-ENAS, CEBIMED, Fundação Ensino e Cultura Fernando Pessoa, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
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80
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Li S, Dunlop AL, Jones DP, Corwin EJ. High-Resolution Metabolomics: Review of the Field and Implications for Nursing Science and the Study of Preterm Birth. Biol Res Nurs 2016; 18:12-22. [PMID: 26183181 PMCID: PMC4684995 DOI: 10.1177/1099800415595463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Most complex health conditions do not have a single etiology but rather develop from exposure to multiple risk factors that interact to influence individual susceptibility. In this review, we discuss the emerging field of metabolomics as a means by which metabolic pathways underlying a disease etiology can be exposed and specific metabolites can be identified and linked, ultimately providing biomarkers for early detection of disease onset and new strategies for intervention. We present the theoretical foundation of metabolomics research, the current methods employed in its conduct, and the overlap of metabolomics research with other "omic" approaches. As an exemplar, we discuss the potential of metabolomics research in the context of deciphering the complex interactions of the maternal-fetal exposures that underlie the risk of preterm birth, a condition that accounts for substantial portions of infant morbidity and mortality and whose etiology and pathophysiology remain incompletely defined. We conclude by providing strategies for including metabolomics research in future nursing studies for the advancement of nursing science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Corwin
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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81
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Diehl J, Gries B, Pfeil U, Goldenberg A, Mermer P, Kummer W, Paddenberg R. Expression and localization of GPR91 and GPR99 in murine organs. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:245-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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82
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Hao L, Zhong X, Greer T, Ye H, Li L. Relative quantification of amine-containing metabolites using isobaric N,N-dimethyl leucine (DiLeu) reagents via LC-ESI-MS/MS and CE-ESI-MS/MS. Analyst 2015; 140:467-75. [PMID: 25429371 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01582g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based relative quantification by isobaric labeling is a useful technique to compare different metabolic expression levels in biological systems. For the first time, we have labeled primary and secondary amine-containing small molecules using 4-plex isobaric N,N-dimethyl leucine (DiLeu) to perform relative quantification. Good labeling efficiency and quantification accuracy were demonstrated with a mixture of 12 metabolite standards including amino acids and small molecule neurotransmitters. Labeling amine-containing metabolites with DiLeu reagents also enabled the separation of polar metabolites by nanoRPLC and improved the detection sensitivity by CE-ESI-MS. The 4-plex DiLeu labeling technique combined with LC-MS/MS and CE-MS/MS platforms were applied to profile and quantify amine-containing metabolites in mouse urine. The variability of concentrations of identified metabolites in urine samples from different mouse individuals was illustrated by the ratios of reporter ion intensities acquired from online data-dependent analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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83
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Thévenot EA, Roux A, Xu Y, Ezan E, Junot C. Analysis of the Human Adult Urinary Metabolome Variations with Age, Body Mass Index, and Gender by Implementing a Comprehensive Workflow for Univariate and OPLS Statistical Analyses. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3322-35. [PMID: 26088811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 736] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Urine metabolomics is widely used for biomarker research in the fields of medicine and toxicology. As a consequence, characterization of the variations of the urine metabolome under basal conditions becomes critical in order to avoid confounding effects in cohort studies. Such physiological information is however very scarce in the literature and in metabolomics databases so far. Here we studied the influence of age, body mass index (BMI), and gender on metabolite concentrations in a large cohort of 183 adults by using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). We implemented a comprehensive statistical workflow for univariate hypothesis testing and modeling by orthogonal partial least-squares (OPLS), which we made available to the metabolomics community within the online Workflow4Metabolomics.org resource. We found 108 urine metabolites displaying concentration variations with either age, BMI, or gender, by integrating the results from univariate p-values and multivariate variable importance in projection (VIP). Several metabolite clusters were further evidenced by correlation analysis, and they allowed stratification of the cohort. In conclusion, our study highlights the impact of gender and age on the urinary metabolome, and thus it indicates that these factors should be taken into account for the design of metabolomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne A Thévenot
- †CEA, LIST, Laboratory for Data Analysis and Smart Systems, MetaboHUB Paris, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélie Roux
- ‡Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, DSV/iBiTec-S/SPI, MetaboHUB Paris, CEA-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ying Xu
- ‡Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, DSV/iBiTec-S/SPI, MetaboHUB Paris, CEA-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eric Ezan
- ‡Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, DSV/iBiTec-S/SPI, MetaboHUB Paris, CEA-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Junot
- ‡Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, DSV/iBiTec-S/SPI, MetaboHUB Paris, CEA-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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84
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Mir SA, Rajagopalan P, Jain AP, Khan AA, Datta KK, Mohan SV, Lateef SS, Sahasrabuddhe N, Somani BL, Keshava Prasad TS, Chatterjee A, Veerendra Kumar KV, VijayaKumar M, Kumar RV, Gundimeda S, Pandey A, Gowda H. LC-MS-based serum metabolomic analysis reveals dysregulation of phosphatidylcholines in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Proteomics 2015; 127:96-102. [PMID: 25982385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers with poor prognosis. Here, we carried out liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS)-based untargeted metabolomic analysis of ESCC serum samples. Statistical analysis resulted in the identification of 652 significantly dysregulated molecular features in serum from ESCC patients as compared to the healthy subjects. Phosphatidylcholines were identified as a major class of dysregulated metabolites in this study suggesting potential perturbation of phosphocholine metabolism in ESCC. By using a targeted MS/MS approach both in positive and negative mode, we were able to characterize and confirm the structure of seven metabolites. Our study describes a quantitative LC-MS approach for characterizing dysregulated lipid metabolism in ESCC. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. We carried out (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomic profiling of serum from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients to characterize dysregulated metabolites. Phosphatidylcholine metabolism was found to be significantly altered in ESCC. Our study illustrates the use of mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis to characterize molecular alterations associated with ESCC. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Ahmad Mir
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Pavithra Rajagopalan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Ankit P Jain
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Aafaque Ahmad Khan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Keshava K Datta
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Sonali V Mohan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | | | | | - B L Somani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - K V Veerendra Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - M VijayaKumar
- Department of Surgery, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Rekha V Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560029, India
| | | | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India.
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85
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Wettersten HI, Hakimi AA, Morin D, Bianchi C, Johnstone ME, Donohoe DR, Trott JF, Aboud OA, Stirdivant S, Neri B, Wolfert R, Stewart B, Perego R, Hsieh JJ, Weiss RH. Grade-Dependent Metabolic Reprogramming in Kidney Cancer Revealed by Combined Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2541-52. [PMID: 25952651 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Kidney cancer [or renal cell carcinoma (RCC)] is known as "the internist's tumor" because it has protean systemic manifestations, suggesting that it utilizes complex, nonphysiologic metabolic pathways. Given the increasing incidence of this cancer and its lack of effective therapeutic targets, we undertook an extensive analysis of human RCC tissue employing combined grade-dependent proteomics and metabolomics analysis to determine how metabolic reprogramming occurring in this disease allows it to escape available therapeutic approaches. After validation experiments in RCC cell lines that were wild-type or mutant for the Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, in characterizing higher-grade tumors, we found that the Warburg effect is relatively more prominent at the expense of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative metabolism in general. Further, we found that the glutamine metabolism pathway acts to inhibit reactive oxygen species, as evidenced by an upregulated glutathione pathway, whereas the β-oxidation pathway is inhibited, leading to increased fatty acylcarnitines. In support of findings from previous urine metabolomics analyses, we also documented tryptophan catabolism associated with immune suppression, which was highly represented in RCC compared with other metabolic pathways. Together, our results offer a rationale to evaluate novel antimetabolic treatment strategies being developed in other disease settings as therapeutic strategies in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi I Wettersten
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - A Ari Hakimi
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dexter Morin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Megan E Johnstone
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Dallas R Donohoe
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Josephine F Trott
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Omran Abu Aboud
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Perego
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - James J Hsieh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert H Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California. Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California. Medical Service, Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, California.
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86
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A weighted relative difference accumulation algorithm for dynamic metabolomics data: long-term elevated bile acids are risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8984. [PMID: 25757957 PMCID: PMC4355672 DOI: 10.1038/srep08984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic metabolomics studies can provide a systematic view of the metabolic trajectory during disease development and drug treatment and reveal the nature of biological processes at metabolic level. To extract important information in a systematic time dimension rather than at isolated time points, a weighted method based on the means and variations along the time points was proposed and first applied to previously published rat model data. The method was subsequently extended and applied to prospective metabolomics data analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Permutation was employed for noise filtering and false discovery rate (FDR) was used for parameter optimization during the feature selection. Long-term elevated serum bile acids were identified as risk factors for HCC development.
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87
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Emwas AH, Luchinat C, Turano P, Tenori L, Roy R, Salek RM, Ryan D, Merzaban JS, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Zeri AC, Nagana Gowda GA, Raftery D, Wang Y, Brennan L, Wishart DS. Standardizing the experimental conditions for using urine in NMR-based metabolomic studies with a particular focus on diagnostic studies: a review. Metabolomics 2015; 11:872-894. [PMID: 26109927 PMCID: PMC4475544 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-014-0746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic composition of human biofluids can provide important diagnostic and prognostic information. Among the biofluids most commonly analyzed in metabolomic studies, urine appears to be particularly useful. It is abundant, readily available, easily stored and can be collected by simple, noninvasive techniques. Moreover, given its chemical complexity, urine is particularly rich in potential disease biomarkers. This makes it an ideal biofluid for detecting or monitoring disease processes. Among the metabolomic tools available for urine analysis, NMR spectroscopy has proven to be particularly well-suited, because the technique is highly reproducible and requires minimal sample handling. As it permits the identification and quantification of a wide range of compounds, independent of their chemical properties, NMR spectroscopy has been frequently used to detect or discover disease fingerprints and biomarkers in urine. Although protocols for NMR data acquisition and processing have been standardized, no consensus on protocols for urine sample selection, collection, storage and preparation in NMR-based metabolomic studies have been developed. This lack of consensus may be leading to spurious biomarkers being reported and may account for a general lack of reproducibility between laboratories. Here, we review a large number of published studies on NMR-based urine metabolic profiling with the aim of identifying key variables that may affect the results of metabolomics studies. From this survey, we identify a number of issues that require either standardization or careful accounting in experimental design and provide some recommendations for urine collection, sample preparation and data acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KSA, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Centro Risonanze Magnetiche – CERM, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Turano
- Centro Risonanze Magnetiche – CERM, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Raja Roy
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Formerly known as Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Reza M. Salek
- Department of Biochemistry & Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD UK
| | - Danielle Ryan
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Jasmeen S. Merzaban
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KSA, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Pharmacometabolomics Center, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Ana Carolina Zeri
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - G. A. Nagana Gowda
- Department of Anethesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anethesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Yulan Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health and Conway Institute, School of Agriculture & Food Science, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David S. Wishart
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
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88
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Wittmann BM, Stirdivant SM, Mitchell MW, Wulff JE, McDunn JE, Li Z, Dennis-Barrie A, Neri BP, Milburn MV, Lotan Y, Wolfert RL. Bladder cancer biomarker discovery using global metabolomic profiling of urine. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115870. [PMID: 25541698 PMCID: PMC4277370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common malignancy worldwide and has a high probability of recurrence after initial diagnosis and treatment. As a result, recurrent surveillance, primarily involving repeated cystoscopies, is a critical component of post diagnosis patient management. Since cystoscopy is invasive, expensive and a possible deterrent to patient compliance with regular follow-up screening, new non-invasive technologies to aid in the detection of recurrent and/or primary bladder cancer are strongly needed. In this study, mass spectrometry based metabolomics was employed to identify biochemical signatures in human urine that differentiate bladder cancer from non-cancer controls. Over 1000 distinct compounds were measured including 587 named compounds of known chemical identity. Initial biomarker identification was conducted using a 332 subject sample set of retrospective urine samples (cohort 1), which included 66 BCa positive samples. A set of 25 candidate biomarkers was selected based on statistical significance, fold difference and metabolic pathway coverage. The 25 candidate biomarkers were tested against an independent urine sample set (cohort 2) using random forest analysis, with palmitoyl sphingomyelin, lactate, adenosine and succinate providing the strongest predictive power for differentiating cohort 2 cancer from non-cancer urines. Cohort 2 metabolite profiling revealed additional metabolites, including arachidonate, that were higher in cohort 2 cancer vs. non-cancer controls, but were below quantitation limits in the cohort 1 profiling. Metabolites related to lipid metabolism may be especially interesting biomarkers. The results suggest that urine metabolites may provide a much needed non-invasive adjunct diagnostic to cystoscopy for detection of bladder cancer and recurrent disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M. Wittmann
- Clinical Research and Development, Metabolon Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Steven M. Stirdivant
- Clinical Research and Development, Metabolon Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew W. Mitchell
- Clinical Research and Development, Metabolon Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jacob E. Wulff
- Clinical Research and Development, Metabolon Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jonathan E. McDunn
- Clinical Research and Development, Metabolon Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zhen Li
- Clinical Research and Development, Metabolon Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Aphrihl Dennis-Barrie
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bruce P. Neri
- Clinical Research and Development, Metabolon Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Milburn
- Clinical Research and Development, Metabolon Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Wolfert
- Clinical Research and Development, Metabolon Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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89
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Yin P, Xu G. Current state-of-the-art of nontargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with special emphasis in clinical applications. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1374:1-13. [PMID: 25444251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, as a part of systems biology, has been widely applied in different fields of life science by studying the endogenous metabolites. The development and applications of liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) greatly improve the achievable data quality in non-targeted metabolic profiling. However, there are still some emerging challenges to be covered in LC-MS based metabolomics. Here, recent approaches about sample collection and preparation, instrumental analysis, and data handling of LC-MS based metabolomics are summarized, especially in the analysis of clinical samples. Emphasis is put on the improvement of analytical techniques including the combination of different LC columns, isotope coded derivatization methods, pseudo-targeted LC-MS method, new data analysis algorithms and structural identification of important metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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90
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Analysis of volatile human urinary metabolome by solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for biomarker discovery: Application in a pilot study to discriminate patients with renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1993-2002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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91
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Mall C, Rocke DM, Durbin-Johnson B, Weiss RH. Stability of miRNA in human urine supports its biomarker potential. Biomark Med 2014; 7:623-31. [PMID: 23905899 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM miRNAs are showing utility as biomarkers in urologic disease, however, a rigorous evaluation of their stability in urine is lacking. Here, we evaluate the stability of miRNAs in urine under clinically relevant storage procedures. MATERIALS & METHODS Eight healthy individuals provided clean catch urine samples that were stored at room temperature or at 4°C for 5 days, or subjected to ten freeze-thaw cycles at -80°C. For each condition, two miRNAs, miR-16 and miR-21, were quantitated by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS All conditions demonstrated a surprising degree of stability of miRNAs in the urine: by the end of ten freeze-thaw cycles, 23-37% of the initial amount remained; over the 5-day period of storage at room temperature, 35% of the initial amount remained; and at 4°C, 42-56% of the initial amount remained. Both miRNAs also showed degradation at approximately the same rate. CONCLUSION miRNAs are relatively stable in urine under a variety of storage conditions, which supports their utility as urinary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mall
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Genome & Biomedical Sciences Building, Room 6312, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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92
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Heger Z, Cernei N, Gumulec J, Masarik M, Eckschlager T, Hrabec R, Zitka O, Adam V, Kizek R. Determination of common urine substances as an assay for improving prostate carcinoma diagnostics. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1846-54. [PMID: 24573566 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, interest in the identification of non-invasive markers for prostate carcinoma detectable in the urine of patients has increased. In this study, we monitored the abundance of potential non-invasive markers of prostate carcinoma such as amino acid sarcosine, involved in the metabolism of amino acids and methylation processes, ongoing during the progression of prostate carcinoma. in addition, other potential prostate tumor markers were studied. The most significant markers, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and free PSA (fPSA), already used in clinical diagnosis, were analyzed using an immunoenzymometric assay. Whole amino acid profiles were also determined to evaluate the status of amino acids in patient urine samples and to elucidate the possibility of their utilization for prostate carcinoma diagnosis. To obtain the maximum amount of information, the biochemical parameters were determined using various spectrophotometric methods. All results were subjected to statistical processing for revealing different correlations between the studied parameters. We observed alterations in most of the analyzed substances. Based on the results obtained, we concluded that the specificity of prostate carcinoma diagnosis could be improved by determination of common urine metabolites, since we compiled a set of tests, including the analysis of sarcosine, proline, PSA and uric acid in the urine. These metabolites were not observed in the urine obtained from healthy subjects, while their levels were elevated in all patients suffering from prostate carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Cernei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, CZ‑15006 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hrabec
- Department of Urology, St. Anne's University Hospital, CZ-656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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93
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Yin P, Xu G. Metabolomics for tumor marker discovery and identification based on chromatography–mass spectrometry. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 13:339-48. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.13.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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94
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Abstract
Metabolomics is one of the newcomers among the "omics" techniques, perhaps also constituting the most relevant for the study of pathophysiological conditions. Metabolomics may indeed yield not only disease-specific biomarkers but also profound insights into the etiology and progression of a variety of human disorders. Various metabolomic approaches are currently available to study oncogenesis and tumor progression in vivo, in murine tumor models. Many of these models rely on the xenograft of human cancer cells into immunocompromised mice. Understanding how the metabolism of these cells evolves in vivo is critical to evaluate the actual pertinence of xenograft models to human pathology. Here, we discuss various tumor xenograft models and methods for their metabolomic profiling to provide a short guide to investigators interested in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi I Wettersten
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sheila Ganti
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert H Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Medical Service, Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.
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95
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Metabolomics insights into pathophysiological mechanisms of nephrology. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 46:1025-30. [PMID: 24217804 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-013-0600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney diseases (KD), a major public health problem that affects about 10 % of the general population, manifest in progressive loss of renal function, which ultimately leads to complete kidney failure. However, current approaches based on renal histopathological results and clinical parameters lack sensitivity and are not sufficient to characterize the category and progression of nephrology or to predict nephrology progression risk reliably or to guide preventive interventions. The high incidence and financial burden of KD make it imperative to diagnose KD at early stages when therapeutic interventions are far more effective. Nowadays, the appearance of metabolomics (the high-throughput measurement and analysis of metabolites) has provided the framework for a comprehensive analysis of KD and serves as a starting point for generating novel molecular diagnostic tools for use in nephrology. Changes in the concentration profiles of a number of small-molecule metabolites found in either blood or urine can be used to localize kidney damage or assess kidneys suffering from injury. The power of metabolomics allows unparalleled opportunity to query the molecular mechanisms of KD. Novel metabolomics technologies have the ability to provide a deeper understanding of the disease beyond classical histopathology, redefine the characteristics of the disease state, and identify novel approaches to reduce renal failure. This review gives an overview of its application to important areas in clinical nephrology, with a particular focus on biomarker discovery. Great strides forward are being made in breaking down important barriers to the successful prevention and treatment of this devastating disorder.
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96
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McDunn JE, Li Z, Adam KP, Neri BP, Wolfert RL, Milburn MV, Lotan Y, Wheeler TM. Metabolomic signatures of aggressive prostate cancer. Prostate 2013; 73:1547-60. [PMID: 23824564 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current diagnostic techniques have increased the detection of prostate cancer; however, these tools inadequately stratify patients to minimize mortality. Recent studies have identified a biochemical signature of prostate cancer metastasis, including increased sarcosine abundance. This study examined the association of tissue metabolites with other clinically significant findings. METHODS A state of the art metabolomics platform analyzed prostatectomy tissues (331 prostate tumor, 178 cancer-free prostate tissues) from two independent sites. Biochemicals were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses identified metabolites associated with cancer aggressiveness: Gleason score, extracapsular extension, and seminal vesicle and lymph node involvement. RESULTS Prostate tumors had significantly altered metabolite profiles compared to cancer-free prostate tissues, including biochemicals associated with cell growth, energetics, stress, and loss of prostate-specific biochemistry. Many metabolites were further associated with clinical findings of aggressive disease. Aggressiveness-associated metabolites stratified prostate tumor tissues with high abundances of compounds associated with normal prostate function (e.g., citrate and polyamines) from more clinically advanced prostate tumors. These aggressive prostate tumors were further subdivided by abundance profiles of metabolites including NAD+ and kynurenine. When added to multiparametric nomograms, metabolites improved prediction of organ confinement (AUROC from 0.53 to 0.62) and 5-year recurrence (AUROC from 0.53 to 0.64). CONCLUSIONS These findings support and extend earlier metabolomic studies in prostate cancer and studies where metabolic enzymes have been associated with carcinogenesis and/or outcome. Furthermore, these data suggest that panels of analytes may be valuable to translate metabolomic findings to clinically useful diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E McDunn
- Clinical Research and Development, Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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97
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Metabolomics in plants and humans: applications in the prevention and diagnosis of diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:792527. [PMID: 23986911 PMCID: PMC3748395 DOI: 10.1155/2013/792527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, there has been an increase in the number of metabolomic approaches used, in parallel with proteomic and functional genomic studies. The wide variety of chemical types of metabolites available has also accelerated the use of different techniques in the investigation of the metabolome. At present, metabolomics is applied to investigate several human diseases, to improve their diagnosis and prevention, and to design better therapeutic strategies. In addition, metabolomic studies are also being carried out in areas such as toxicology and pharmacology, crop breeding, and plant biotechnology. In this review, we emphasize the use and application of metabolomics in human diseases and plant research to improve human health.
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98
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Vermeersch KA, Styczynski MP. Applications of metabolomics in cancer research. J Carcinog 2013; 12:9. [PMID: 23858297 PMCID: PMC3709411 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.113622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The first discovery of metabolic changes in cancer occurred almost a century ago. While the genetic underpinnings of cancer have dominated its study since then, altered metabolism has recently been acknowledged as a key hallmark of cancer and metabolism-focused research has received renewed attention. The emerging field of metabolomics – which attempts to profile all metabolites within a cell or biological system – is now being used to analyze cancer metabolism on a system-wide scale, painting a broad picture of the altered pathways and their interactions with each other. While a large fraction of cancer metabolomics research is focused on finding diagnostic biomarkers, metabolomics is also being used to obtain more fundamental mechanistic insight into cancer and carcinogenesis. Applications of metabolomics are also emerging in areas such as tumor staging and assessment of treatment efficacy. This review summarizes contributions that metabolomics has made in cancer research and presents the current challenges and potential future directions within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Vermeersch
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, USA
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99
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Kartsova LA, Obedkova EV. Chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles of biologically active compounds for the diagnosis of various diseases. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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100
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Wettersten HI, Weiss RH. Applications of metabolomics for kidney disease research: from biomarkers to therapeutic targets. Organogenesis 2013; 9:11-8. [PMID: 23538740 DOI: 10.4161/org.24322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is one of the relative newcomers of the omics techniques and is likely the one most closely related to actual real-time disease pathophysiology. Hence, it has the power to yield not only specific biomarkers but also insight into the pathophysiology of disease. Despite this power, metabolomics as applied to kidney disease is still in its early adolescence and has not yet reached the mature stage of clinical application, i.e., specific biomarker and therapeutic target discovery. On the other hand, the insight gained from hints into what makes these diseases tick, as is evident from the metabolomics pathways which have been found to be altered in kidney cancer, are now beginning to bear fruit in leading to potential therapeutic targets. It is quite likely that, with greater numbers of clinical materials and with more investigators jumping into the field, metabolomics may well change the course of kidney disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi I Wettersten
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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