51
|
Tyrrell BJ, Woodham EF, Spence HJ, Strathdee D, Insall RH, Machesky LM. Loss of strumpellin in the melanocytic lineage impairs the WASH Complex but does not affect coat colour. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:559-71. [PMID: 27390154 PMCID: PMC5082549 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The five-subunit WASH complex generates actin networks that participate in endocytic trafficking, migration and invasion in various cell types. Loss of one of the two subunits WASH or strumpellin in mice is lethal, but little is known about their role in mammals in vivo. We explored the role of strumpellin, which has previously been linked to hereditary spastic paraplegia, in the mouse melanocytic lineage. Strumpellin knockout in melanocytes revealed abnormal endocytic vesicle morphology but no impairment of migration in vitro or in vivo and no change in coat colour. Unexpectedly, WASH and filamentous actin could still localize to vesicles in the absence of strumpellin, although the shape and size of vesicles was altered. Blue native PAGE revealed the presence of two distinct WASH complexes, even in strumpellin knockout cells, revealing that the WASH complex can assemble and localize to endocytic compartments in cells in the absence of strumpellin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Tyrrell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma F Woodham
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Heather J Spence
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Douglas Strathdee
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert H Insall
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura M Machesky
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Cizmeci D, Dempster EL, Champion OL, Wagley S, Akman OE, Prior JL, Soyer OS, Mill J, Titball RW. Mapping epigenetic changes to the host cell genome induced by Burkholderia pseudomallei reveals pathogen-specific and pathogen-generic signatures of infection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30861. [PMID: 27484700 PMCID: PMC4971488 DOI: 10.1038/srep30861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential for epigenetic changes in host cells following microbial infection has been widely suggested, but few examples have been reported. We assessed genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation in human macrophage-like U937 cells following infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei, an intracellular bacterial pathogen and the causative agent of human melioidosis. Our analyses revealed significant changes in host cell DNA methylation, at multiple CpG sites in the host cell genome, following infection. Infection induced differentially methylated probes (iDMPs) showing the greatest changes in DNA methylation were found to be in the vicinity of genes involved in inflammatory responses, intracellular signalling, apoptosis and pathogen-induced signalling. A comparison of our data with reported methylome changes in cells infected with M. tuberculosis revealed commonality of differentially methylated genes, including genes involved in T cell responses (BCL11B, FOXO1, KIF13B, PAWR, SOX4, SYK), actin cytoskeleton organisation (ACTR3, CDC42BPA, DTNBP1, FERMT2, PRKCZ, RAC1), and cytokine production (FOXP1, IRF8, MR1). Overall our findings show that pathogenic-specific and pathogen-common changes in the methylome occur following infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Cizmeci
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. Dempster
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia L. Champion
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sariqa Wagley
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ozgur E. Akman
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Joann L. Prior
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Orkun S. Soyer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W. Titball
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Ripoll L, Heiligenstein X, Raposo G, Delevoye C. Illuminating the dark side of recycling endosomes. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1309-10. [PMID: 27184333 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1160682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Ripoll
- a Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments , Paris , France
| | - Xavier Heiligenstein
- a Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments , Paris , France
| | - Graça Raposo
- a Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments , Paris , France.,b Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA) , Paris , France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- a Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments , Paris , France.,b Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA) , Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
FAM21 directs SNX27-retromer cargoes to the plasma membrane by preventing transport to the Golgi apparatus. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10939. [PMID: 26956659 PMCID: PMC4786876 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal network maintains cellular homeostasis by sorting, recycling and degrading endocytosed cargoes. Retromer organizes the endosomal sorting pathway in conjunction with various sorting nexin (SNX) proteins. The SNX27–retromer complex has recently been identified as a major endosomal hub that regulates endosome-to-plasma membrane recycling by preventing lysosomal entry of cargoes. Here, we show that SNX27 directly interacts with FAM21, which also binds retromer, within the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homologue (WASH) complex. This interaction is required for the precise localization of SNX27 at an endosomal subdomain as well as for recycling of SNX27-retromer cargoes. Furthermore, FAM21 prevents cargo transport to the Golgi apparatus by controlling levels of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, which facilitates cargo dissociation at the Golgi. Together, our results demonstrate that the SNX27–retromer–WASH complex directs cargoes to the plasma membrane by blocking their transport to lysosomes and the Golgi. Endosomes maintain cellular homeostasis by sorting, recycling and degrading endocytosed cargoes. Here the authors show that the SNX27-retromer-WASH complex acts as a hub to direct cargoes to the plasma membrane by blocking their transport to lysosomes and Golgi apparatus.
Collapse
|
55
|
Gokhale A, Ryder PV, Zlatic SA, Faundez V. Identification of the Interactome of a Palmitoylated Membrane Protein, Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Type II Alpha. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1376:35-42. [PMID: 26552673 PMCID: PMC5696628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3170-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4K) are enzymes responsible for the production of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphates, important intermediates in several cell signaling pathways. PI4KIIα is the most abundant membrane-associated kinase in mammalian cells and is involved in a variety of essential cellular functions. However, the precise role(s) of PI4KIIα in the cell is not yet completely deciphered. Here we present an experimental protocol that uses a chemical cross-linker, DSP, combined with immunoprecipitation and immunoaffinity purification to identify novel PI4KIIα interactors. As predicted, PI4KIIα participates in transient, low-affinity interactions that are stabilized by the use of DSP. Using this optimized protocol we have successfully identified actin cytoskeleton regulators-the WASH complex and RhoGEF1, as major novel interactors of PI4KIIα. While this chapter focuses on the PI4KIIα interactome, this protocol can and has been used to generate other membrane interactome networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street Room 446, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Pearl V Ryder
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street Room 446, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Stephanie A Zlatic
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street Room 446, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street Room 446, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Delevoye C, Heiligenstein X, Ripoll L, Gilles-Marsens F, Dennis MK, Linares RA, Derman L, Gokhale A, Morel E, Faundez V, Marks MS, Raposo G. BLOC-1 Brings Together the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeletons to Generate Recycling Endosomes. Curr Biol 2015; 26:1-13. [PMID: 26725201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recycling endosomes consist of a tubular network that emerges from vacuolar sorting endosomes and diverts cargoes toward the cell surface, the Golgi, or lysosome-related organelles. How recycling tubules are formed remains unknown. We show that recycling endosome biogenesis requires the protein complex BLOC-1. Mutations in BLOC-1 subunits underlie an inherited disorder characterized by albinism, the Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, and are associated with schizophrenia risk. We show here that BLOC-1 coordinates the kinesin KIF13A-dependent pulling of endosomal tubules along microtubules to the Annexin A2/actin-dependent stabilization and detachment of recycling tubules. These components cooperate to extend, stabilize and form tubular endosomal carriers that function in cargo recycling and in the biogenesis of pigment granules in melanocytic cells. By shaping recycling endosomal tubules, our data reveal that dysfunction of the BLOC-1-KIF13A-Annexin A2 molecular network underlies the pathophysiology of neurological and pigmentary disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Xavier Heiligenstein
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Léa Ripoll
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Floriane Gilles-Marsens
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Megan K Dennis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ricardo A Linares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura Derman
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology and the Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Etienne Morel
- INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM) Université, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology and the Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Ciudad-Roberts A, Camarasa J, Ciudad CJ, Pubill D, Escubedo E. Alcohol enhances the psychostimulant and conditioning effects of mephedrone in adolescent mice; postulation of unique roles of D3 receptors and BDNF in place preference acquisition. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4970-84. [PMID: 26228024 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The psychostimulant mephedrone is often consumed in combination with alcohol (EtOH). This kind of drug consumption during adolescence is a matter of concern. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We studied, in adolescent CD-1 mice, whether EtOH could enhance the psychostimulant (locomotor acivity) and rewarding [conditioned place preference (CPP)] effects of mephedrone. We also determined the transcriptional changes associated with a conditioning treatment with these drugs. KEY RESULTS Mephedrone (10 mg·kg(-1)) increased locomotor activity, which was further enhanced by 40% when combined with EtOH (1 g·kg(-1)). This enhancement was blocked by haloperidol. Furthermore, mephedrone (25 mg·kg(-1)) induced CPP, which increased by 70% when administered with a dose of EtOH that was not conditioning by itself (0.75 g·kg(-1)). There was enhanced expression of the D3 dopamine receptor mRNA (Drd3) and Arpc5 in all drug-treated groups. The D3 receptor antagonist SB-277011A and the BDNF receptor antagonist ANA-12 completely prevented CPP as well as the increases in Drd3 in all groups. Accordingly, increased expression of BDNF mRNA in medial prefrontal cortex was detected at 2 and 4 h after mephedrone administration. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS If translated to humans, the enhancement of mephedrone effects by ethanol could result in increased abuse liability. D3 receptors and BDNF play a key role in the establishment of CPP by mephedrone, although an accompanying increase in other synaptic plasticity-related genes may also be necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Ciudad-Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section), Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Camarasa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section), Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos J Ciudad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pubill
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section), Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Escubedo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry (Pharmacology Section), Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Abstract
Dysbindin is a schizophrenia susceptibility factor and subunit of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1) required for lysosome-related organelle biogenesis, and in neurons, synaptic vesicle assembly, neurotransmission, and plasticity. Protein networks, or interactomes, downstream of dysbindin/BLOC-1 remain partially explored despite their potential to illuminate neurodevelopmental disorder mechanisms. Here, we conducted a proteome-wide search for polypeptides whose cellular content is sensitive to dysbindin/BLOC-1 loss of function. We identified components of the vesicle fusion machinery as factors downregulated in dysbindin/BLOC-1 deficiency in neuroectodermal cells and iPSC-derived human neurons, among them the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF). Human dysbindin/BLOC-1 coprecipitates with NSF and vice versa, and both proteins colocalized in a Drosophila model synapse. To test the hypothesis that NSF and dysbindin/BLOC-1 participate in a pathway-regulating synaptic function, we examined the role for NSF in dysbindin/BLOC-1-dependent synaptic homeostatic plasticity in Drosophila. As previously described, we found that mutations in dysbindin precluded homeostatic synaptic plasticity elicited by acute blockage of postsynaptic receptors. This dysbindin mutant phenotype is fully rescued by presynaptic expression of either dysbindin or Drosophila NSF. However, neither reduction of NSF alone or in combination with dysbindin haploinsufficiency impaired homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Our results demonstrate that dysbindin/BLOC-1 expression defects result in altered cellular content of proteins of the vesicle fusion apparatus and therefore influence synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
|
59
|
Jani RA, Purushothaman LK, Rani S, Bergam P, Setty SRG. STX13 regulates cargo delivery from recycling endosomes during melanosome biogenesis. J Cell Sci 2015. [PMID: 26208634 PMCID: PMC4582192 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.171165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanosomes are a class of lysosome-related organelles produced by melanocytes. Biogenesis of melanosomes requires the transport of melanin-synthesizing enzymes from tubular recycling endosomes to maturing melanosomes. The SNARE proteins involved in these transport or fusion steps have been poorly studied. We found that depletion of syntaxin 13 (STX13, also known as STX12), a recycling endosomal Qa-SNARE, inhibits pigment granule maturation in melanocytes by rerouting the melanosomal proteins such as TYR and TYRP1 to lysosomes. Furthermore, live-cell imaging and electron microscopy studies showed that STX13 co-distributed with melanosomal cargo in the tubular-vesicular endosomes that are closely associated with the maturing melanosomes. STX family proteins contain an N-terminal regulatory domain, and deletion of this domain in STX13 increases both the SNARE activity in vivo and melanosome cargo transport and pigmentation, suggesting that STX13 acts as a fusion SNARE in melanosomal trafficking pathways. In addition, STX13-dependent cargo transport requires the melanosomal R-SNARE VAMP7, and its silencing blocks the melanosome maturation, reflecting a defect in endosome–melanosome fusion. Moreover, we show mutual dependency between STX13 and VAMP7 in regulating their localization for efficient cargo delivery to melanosomes. Highlighted Article: The SNAREs STX13 and VAMP7 mutually regulate their localization in melanocytes and control the cargo delivery to the melanosome during its biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Atul Jani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | | | - Shikha Rani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Ptissam Bergam
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris 75248, France Structure and Membrane Compartments, and Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), CNRS UMR144, Paris 75248, France
| | - Subba Rao Gangi Setty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Gokhale A, Vrailas-Mortimer A, Larimore J, Comstra HS, Zlatic SA, Werner E, Manvich DF, Iuvone PM, Weinshenker D, Faundez V. Neuronal copper homeostasis susceptibility by genetic defects in dysbindin, a schizophrenia susceptibility factor. Hum Mol Genet 2015. [PMID: 26199316 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors and susceptible genomes interact to determine the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Although few genes and environmental factors have been linked, the intervening cellular and molecular mechanisms connecting a disorder susceptibility gene with environmental factors remain mostly unexplored. Here we focus on the schizophrenia susceptibility gene DTNBP1 and its product dysbindin, a subunit of the BLOC-1 complex, and describe a neuronal pathway modulating copper metabolism via ATP7A. Mutations in ATP7A result in Menkes disease, a disorder of copper metabolism. Dysbindin/BLOC-1 and ATP7A genetically and biochemically interact. Furthermore, disruption of this pathway causes alteration in the transcriptional profile of copper-regulatory and dependent factors in the hippocampus of dysbindin/BLOC-1-null mice. Dysbindin/BLOC-1 loss-of-function alleles do not affect cell and tissue copper content, yet they alter the susceptibility to toxic copper challenges in both mammalian cells and Drosophila. Our results demonstrate that perturbations downstream of the schizophrenia susceptibility gene DTNBP1 confer susceptibility to copper, a metal that in excess is a neurotoxin and whose depletion constitutes a micronutrient deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Heather S Comstra
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Erica Werner
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniel F Manvich
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - P Michael Iuvone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Tomas A, Vaughan SO, Burgoyne T, Sorkin A, Hartley JA, Hochhauser D, Futter CE. WASH and Tsg101/ALIX-dependent diversion of stress-internalized EGFR from the canonical endocytic pathway. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7324. [PMID: 26066081 PMCID: PMC4490399 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress exposure triggers ligand-independent EGF receptor (EGFR) endocytosis, but its post-endocytic fate and role in regulating signalling are unclear. We show that the p38 MAP kinase-dependent, EGFR tyrosine kinase (TK)-independent EGFR internalization induced by ultraviolet light C (UVC) or the cancer therapeutic cisplatin, is followed by diversion from the canonical endocytic pathway. Instead of lysosomal degradation or plasma membrane recycling, EGFR accumulates in a subset of LBPA-rich perinuclear multivesicular bodies (MVBs) distinct from those carrying EGF-stimulated EGFR. Stress-internalized EGFR co-segregates with exogenously expressed pre-melanosomal markers OA1 and fibrillar PMEL, following early endosomal sorting by the actin polymerization-promoting WASH complex. Stress-internalized EGFR is retained intracellularly by continued p38 activity in a mechanism involving ubiquitin-independent, ESCRT/ALIX-dependent incorporation onto intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of MVBs. In contrast to the internalization-independent EGF-stimulated activation, UVC/cisplatin-triggered EGFR activation depends on EGFR internalization and intracellular retention. EGFR signalling from this MVB subpopulation delays apoptosis and might contribute to chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tomas
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Present address: Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Simon O. Vaughan
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - John A. Hartley
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniel Hochhauser
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Clare E. Futter
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Gene dosage in the dysbindin schizophrenia susceptibility network differentially affect synaptic function and plasticity. J Neurosci 2015; 35:325-38. [PMID: 25568125 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3542-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from single or multiple gene defects. However, the way multiple loci interact to modify phenotypic outcomes remains poorly understood. Here, we studied phenotypes associated with mutations in the schizophrenia susceptibility gene dysbindin (dysb), in isolation or in combination with null alleles in the dysb network component Blos1. In humans, the Blos1 ortholog Bloc1s1 encodes a polypeptide that assembles, with dysbindin, into the octameric BLOC-1 complex. We biochemically confirmed BLOC-1 presence in Drosophila neurons, and measured synaptic output and complex adaptive behavior in response to BLOC-1 perturbation. Homozygous loss-of-function alleles of dysb, Blos1, or compound heterozygotes of these alleles impaired neurotransmitter release, synapse morphology, and homeostatic plasticity at the larval neuromuscular junction, and impaired olfactory habituation. This multiparameter assessment indicated that phenotypes were differentially sensitive to genetic dosages of loss-of-function BLOC-1 alleles. Our findings suggest that modification of a second genetic locus in a defined neurodevelopmental regulatory network does not follow a strict additive genetic inheritance, but rather, precise stoichiometry within the network determines phenotypic outcomes.
Collapse
|
63
|
Waugh MG. PIPs in neurological diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1066-82. [PMID: 25680866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide (PIP) lipids regulate many aspects of cell function in the nervous system including receptor signalling, secretion, endocytosis, migration and survival. Levels of PIPs such as PI4P, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 are normally tightly regulated by phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases. Deregulation of these biochemical pathways leads to lipid imbalances, usually on intracellular endosomal membranes, and these changes have been linked to a number of major neurological diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, epilepsy, stroke, cancer and a range of rarer inherited disorders including brain overgrowth syndromes, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies and neurodevelopmental conditions such as Lowe's syndrome. This article analyses recent progress in this area and explains how PIP lipids are involved, to varying degrees, in almost every class of neurological disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Brain Lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Waugh
- Lipid and Membrane Biology Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, UCL, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Zlatic S, Comstra HS, Gokhale A, Petris MJ, Faundez V. Molecular basis of neurodegeneration and neurodevelopmental defects in Menkes disease. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 81:154-61. [PMID: 25583185 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP7A mutations impair copper metabolism resulting in three distinct genetic disorders in humans. These diseases are characterized by neurological phenotypes ranging from intellectual disability to neurodegeneration. Severe ATP7A loss-of-function alleles trigger Menkes disease, a copper deficiency condition where systemic and neurodegenerative phenotypes dominate clinical outcomes. The pathogenesis of these manifestations has been attributed to the hypoactivity of a limited number of copper-dependent enzymes, a hypothesis that we refer as the oligoenzymatic pathogenic hypothesis. This hypothesis, which has dominated the field for 25 years, only explains some systemic Menkes phenotypes. However, we argue that this hypothesis does not fully account for the Menkes neurodegeneration or neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Here, we propose revisions of the oligoenzymatic hypothesis that could illuminate the pathogenesis of Menkes neurodegeneration and neurodevelopmental defects through unsuspected overlap with other neurological conditions including Parkinson's, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zlatic
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael J Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Phillips-Krawczak CA, Singla A, Starokadomskyy P, Deng Z, Osborne DG, Li H, Dick CJ, Gomez TS, Koenecke M, Zhang JS, Dai H, Sifuentes-Dominguez LF, Geng LN, Kaufmann SH, Hein MY, Wallis M, McGaughran J, Gecz J, Sluis BVD, Billadeau DD, Burstein E. COMMD1 is linked to the WASH complex and regulates endosomal trafficking of the copper transporter ATP7A. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:91-103. [PMID: 25355947 PMCID: PMC4279232 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
COMMD1 deficiency results in defective copper homeostasis, but the mechanism for this has remained elusive. Here we report that COMMD1 is directly linked to early endosomes through its interaction with a protein complex containing CCDC22, CCDC93, and C16orf62. This COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93 (CCC) complex interacts with the multisubunit WASH complex, an evolutionarily conserved system, which is required for endosomal deposition of F-actin and cargo trafficking in conjunction with the retromer. Interactions between the WASH complex subunit FAM21, and the carboxyl-terminal ends of CCDC22 and CCDC93 are responsible for CCC complex recruitment to endosomes. We show that depletion of CCC complex components leads to lack of copper-dependent movement of the copper transporter ATP7A from endosomes, resulting in intracellular copper accumulation and modest alterations in copper homeostasis in humans with CCDC22 mutations. This work provides a mechanistic explanation for the role of COMMD1 in copper homeostasis and uncovers additional genes involved in the regulation of copper transporter recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhihui Deng
- Department of Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin-San Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Haiming Dai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and
| | | | | | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and
| | - Marco Y Hein
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mathew Wallis
- Genetic Health Queensland at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Julie McGaughran
- Genetic Health Queensland at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Robinson Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Section of Molecular Genetics at the Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9151
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Deng ZH, Gomez TS, Osborne DG, Phillips-Krawczak CA, Zhang JS, Billadeau DD. Nuclear FAM21 participates in NF-κB-dependent gene regulation in pancreatic cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2014; 128:373-84. [PMID: 25431135 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.161513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentameric WASH complex is best known for its role in regulating receptor trafficking from retromer-rich endosomal subdomains. FAM21 functions to stabilize the WASH complex through its N-terminal head domain and localizes it to endosomes by directly binding the retromer through its extended C-terminal tail. Herein, we used affinity purification combined with mass spectrometry to identify additional FAM21-interacting proteins. Surprisingly, multiple components of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway were identified, including the p50 and p65 (RelA) NF-κB subunits. We show that FAM21 interacts with these components and regulates NF-κB-dependent gene transcription at the level of p65 chromatin binding. We further demonstrate that FAM21 contains a functional monopartite nuclear localization signal sequence (NLS) as well as a CRM1/exportin1-dependent nuclear export signal (NES), both of which work jointly with the N-terminal head domain and C-terminal retromer recruitment domain to regulate FAM21 cytosolic and nuclear subcellular localization. Finally, our findings indicate that FAM21 depletion sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil. Thus, FAM21 not only functions as an integral component of the cytoplasmic WASH complex, but also modulates NF-κB gene transcription in the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Deng
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Department of Pathophysiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Timothy S Gomez
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Douglas G Osborne
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christine A Phillips-Krawczak
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Bultema JJ, Boyle JA, Malenke PB, Martin FE, Dell'Angelica EC, Cheney RE, Di Pietro SM. Myosin vc interacts with Rab32 and Rab38 proteins and works in the biogenesis and secretion of melanosomes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33513-28. [PMID: 25324551 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.578948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Class V myosins are actin-based motors with conserved functions in vesicle and organelle trafficking. Herein we report the discovery of a function for Myosin Vc in melanosome biogenesis as an effector of melanosome-associated Rab GTPases. We isolated Myosin Vc in a yeast two-hybrid screening for proteins that interact with Rab38, a Rab protein involved in the biogenesis of melanosomes and other lysosome-related organelles. Rab38 and its close homolog Rab32 bind to Myosin Vc but not to Myosin Va or Myosin Vb. Binding depends on residues in the switch II region of Rab32 and Rab38 and regions of the Myosin Vc coiled-coil tail domain. Myosin Vc also interacts with Rab7a and Rab8a but not with Rab11, Rab17, and Rab27. Although Myosin Vc is not particularly abundant on pigmented melanosomes, its knockdown in MNT-1 melanocytes caused defects in the trafficking of integral membrane proteins to melanosomes with substantially increased surface expression of Tyrp1, nearly complete loss of Tyrp2, and significant Vamp7 mislocalization. Knockdown of Myosin Vc in MNT-1 cells more than doubled the abundance of pigmented melanosomes but did not change the number of unpigmented melanosomes. Together the data demonstrate a novel role for Myosin Vc in melanosome biogenesis and secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarred J Bultema
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918
| | - Judith A Boyle
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Parker B Malenke
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Faye E Martin
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Esteban C Dell'Angelica
- the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, and
| | - Richard E Cheney
- the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Santiago M Di Pietro
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523,
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Jović M, Kean MJ, Dubankova A, Boura E, Gingras AC, Brill JA, Balla T. Endosomal sorting of VAMP3 is regulated by PI4K2A. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3745-56. [PMID: 25002402 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.148809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Specificity of membrane fusion in vesicular trafficking is dependent on proper subcellular distribution of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs). Although SNARE complexes are fairly promiscuous in vitro, substantial specificity is achieved in cells owing to the spatial segregation and shielding of SNARE motifs prior to association with cognate Q-SNAREs. In this study, we identified phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα (PI4K2A) as a binding partner of vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3), a small R-SNARE involved in recycling and retrograde transport, and found that the two proteins co-reside on tubulo-vesicular endosomes. PI4K2A knockdown inhibited VAMP3 trafficking to perinuclear membranes and impaired the rate of VAMP3-mediated recycling of the transferrin receptor. Moreover, depletion of PI4K2A significantly decreased association of VAMP3 with its cognate Q-SNARE Vti1a. Although binding of VAMP3 to PI4K2A did not require kinase activity, acute depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) on endosomes significantly delayed VAMP3 trafficking. Modulation of SNARE function by phospholipids had previously been proposed based on in vitro studies, and our study provides mechanistic evidence in support of these claims by identifying PI4K2A and PtdIns4P as regulators of an R-SNARE in intact cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Jović
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michelle J Kean
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anna Dubankova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2., 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2., 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Julie A Brill
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Mullin AP, Gokhale A, Moreno-De-Luca A, Sanyal S, Waddington JL, Faundez V. Neurodevelopmental disorders: mechanisms and boundary definitions from genomes, interactomes and proteomes. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e329. [PMID: 24301647 PMCID: PMC4030327 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia lack precise boundaries in their clinical definitions, epidemiology, genetics and protein-protein interactomes. This calls into question the appropriateness of current categorical disease concepts. Recently, there has been a rising tide to reformulate neurodevelopmental nosological entities from biology upward. To facilitate this developing trend, we propose that identification of unique proteomic signatures that can be strongly associated with patient's risk alleles and proteome-interactome-guided exploration of patient genomes could define biological mechanisms necessary to reformulate disorder definitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A P Mullin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Moreno-De-Luca
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - S Sanyal
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Biogen-Idec, 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J L Waddington
- Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - V Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Tan J, Brill JA. Cinderella story: PI4P goes from precursor to key signaling molecule. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 49:33-58. [PMID: 24219382 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2013.853024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol lipids are signaling molecules involved in nearly all aspects of cellular regulation. Production of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) has long been recognized as one of the first steps in generating poly-phosphatidylinositol phosphates involved in actin organization, cell migration, and signal transduction. In addition, progress over the last decade has brought to light independent roles for PI4P in membrane trafficking and lipid homeostasis. Here, we describe recent advances that reveal the breadth of processes regulated by PI4P, the spectrum of PI4P effectors, and the mechanisms of spatiotemporal control that coordinate crosstalk between PI4P and cellular signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Tan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada and
| | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Retromer-mediated endosomal protein sorting: all WASHed up! Trends Cell Biol 2013; 23:522-8. [PMID: 23721880 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endosomal protein sorting governs the fate of many physiologically important proteins involved in a panoply of cellular functions. Recent discoveries have revealed a vital role for endosomally localised branched actin patches in facilitating protein sorting. The formation of the actin patches has been shown to require the function of the WASH complex - the major endosomal actin polymerisation-promoting complex - which stimulates the activity of the ubiquitously expressed Arp2/3 complex. Another key component of the endosomal protein-sorting machinery is the retromer complex. Studies now show that retromer mediates the recruitment of the WASH complex and its regulators to endosomes. In this review, recent progress in understanding the role of the WASH complex along with retromer in endosomal protein sorting is discussed.
Collapse
|