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Potential Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities of an Ethanol Extract from Bouea macrophylla. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081996. [PMID: 32344601 PMCID: PMC7221966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bouea macrophylla is a tree widely grown throughout South East Asia. It is used in folk medicine for the treatment of various illnesses. The present study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and to test the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of an ethanol extract from B. macrophylla leaves. The extract exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against 9 out of 10 target microorganisms. including four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Vibrio cholera, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and four Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus), as well as a fungus (Candida albicans). In addition, the extract was also tested on HeLa and human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cells to evaluate its cytostatic effects. The ethanol extract was able to inhibit the proliferation of HeLa and HCT116 cells, showing IC50 = 24 ± 0.8 and 28 ± 0.9 µg/mL, respectively, whereas the IC50 values of doxorubicin (standard) were 13.6 ± 1.3 and 15.8 ± 1.1 µg/mL respectively. Also, we identified various bioactive compounds in the extract such as polyphenols, flavonoids, caryophyllene, phytol, and trans-geranylgeraniol by GC-MS, which could contribute to the extract's biological activities. Therefore, our findings strongly indicate that the constituents of the B. macrophylla ethanol extract could be active against the tested bacteria and fungi as well as cancer cells. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms mediating the antimicrobial and anticancer effects and identify signaling pathways that could be targeted for therapeutic application.
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Park HB, Goddard TN, Oh J, Patel J, Wei Z, Perez CE, Mercado BQ, Wang R, Wyche TP, Piizzi G, Flavell RA, Crawford JM. Bacterial Autoimmune Drug Metabolism Transforms an Immunomodulator into Structurally and Functionally Divergent Antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Bong Park
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Chemical Biology Institute Yale University West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | - Tyler N. Goddard
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Chemical Biology Institute Yale University West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Chemical Biology Institute Yale University West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | - Jaymin Patel
- Chemical Biology Institute Yale University West Haven CT 06516 USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Chemical Biology Institute Yale University West Haven CT 06516 USA
- Department of Immunobiology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Corey E. Perez
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Chemical Biology Institute Yale University West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Chemical and Biophysical Instrumentation Center Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Rurun Wang
- Exploratory Science Center Merck & Co., Inc. Cambridge MA USA
| | - Thomas P. Wyche
- Exploratory Science Center Merck & Co., Inc. Cambridge MA USA
| | - Grazia Piizzi
- Exploratory Science Center Merck & Co., Inc. Cambridge MA USA
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Jason M. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Chemical Biology Institute Yale University West Haven CT 06516 USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT 06536 USA
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Jerónimo E, Soldado D, Sengo S, Francisco A, Fernandes F, Portugal APV, Alves SP, Santos-Silva J, Bessa RJB. Increasing the α-tocopherol content and lipid oxidative stability of meat through dietary Cistus ladanifer L. in lamb fed increasing levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid rich vegetable oils. Meat Sci 2020; 164:108092. [PMID: 32172003 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary inclusion of Cistus ladanifer L. and vegetable oils on intramuscular fat composition, muscle antioxidant status and lipid oxidative stability, and explore the mechanism by which dietary Cistus ladanifer limits the lipid oxidation. Lambs were assigned 9 diets, corresponding to 3 levels of Cistus ladanifer (50, 100 and 200 g/kg DM) and 3 levels of oil (0, 40 and 80 g/kg DM). Oil supplementation increased highly peroxidizable fatty acid content and the peroxidizability index (P < .05). Muscle phenolic content, reducing ability and radical scavenging ability were not affected by Cistus ladanifer (P > .05). The highest level of Cistus ladanifer enhanced muscle resistance to lipid oxidation (P = .006) and increased α-tocopherol content (P = .005), reducing meat lipid oxidation over 7 days of storage (P < .001). Results showed that Cistus ladanifer has a protective effect against lipid oxidation through increasing α-tocopherol concentration in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Jerónimo
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal; MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CEBAL, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal.
| | - David Soldado
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Susana Sengo
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Francisco
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Pólo de Investigação da Fonte Boa (INIAV-Fonte Boa), 2005-048 Vale Santarém, Portugal; Centro Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Flávia Fernandes
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Ana P V Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Pólo de Investigação da Fonte Boa (INIAV-Fonte Boa), 2005-048 Vale Santarém, Portugal
| | - Susana P Alves
- Centro Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Santos-Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Pólo de Investigação da Fonte Boa (INIAV-Fonte Boa), 2005-048 Vale Santarém, Portugal; Centro Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui J B Bessa
- Centro Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Amić A, Marković Z, Dimitrić Marković JM, Milenković D, Stepanić V. Antioxidative potential of ferulic acid phenoxyl radical. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 170:112218. [PMID: 31812108 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of previous studies dealing with antioxidant potency of (poly)phenols does not investigate the fate of phenoxyl radical obtained after single free radical scavenging. We investigated possible pathways of inactivation of ferulic acid phenoxyl radical (FAPR) using DFT method. Direct coupling with a set of 10 physiologically important free radicals, H-atom donation and dimerization were analysed by estimation of Gibbs free energy changes related to these processes. The former two processes are thermodynamically feasible to inactivate more dangerous free radicals such as hydroxyl, alkoxyl and carbon-centered radicals. Among dimerization reactions, the least energy demanding is formation of C-5-C-5 dimer of ferulic acid (FA), which has higher antiradical potency than FA itself. Obtained results reveal that FAPR, a priori considered as stable and unreactive, may contribute to the overall antioxidant activity of FA. This is a beneficial behavior, which makes FA a particularly valuable protector against oxidative stress. Hence, the contribution of phenoxyl radicals to the antioxidant activity of (poly)phenolic compounds should be taken into account, what has been scarcely considered until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8a, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Zoran Marković
- Department of Chemical-Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, 36300, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | | | - Dejan Milenković
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Prvoslava Stojanovića 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Višnja Stepanić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Correddu F, Lunesu MF, Buffa G, Atzori AS, Nudda A, Battacone G, Pulina G. Can Agro-Industrial By-Products Rich in Polyphenols be Advantageously Used in the Feeding and Nutrition of Dairy Small Ruminants? Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010131. [PMID: 31947543 PMCID: PMC7022336 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the Mediterranean area, where dairy sheep and goats are widespread, the use of by-products in the diet of small ruminants is an ancient practice. Today the great availability of industrial by-products produced at the local level (e.g., grape, olive, tomato and myrtle residues), appears to be a promising strategy for reducing competition with human edible foods and the cost of off-farm produced feeds since they are imported worldwide. Moreover, these co-feeds can contribute to reducing the ecological and water footprint associated with crop cultivation. The presence of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, confers added value to these materials. Several positive aspects are apparent when such by-products are included in the diets of small dairy ruminants, in particular on ruminal metabolism, animal health, and the quality of derived products. Abstract Recently, the interest in industrial by-products produced at the local level in Mediterranean areas, resulting from fruit and vegetable processes, has increased because of their considerable amounts of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols. In this review, we analyze the most recent scientific results concerning the use of agro-industrial by-products, naturally rich in polyphenols (BPRP), in the diets of small dairy ruminants. Effects on milk production, milk and rumen liquor fatty acid profile, metabolic parameters, and methane production are reviewed. The feed intake and digestibility coefficients were generally depressed by BPRP, even though they were not always reflected in the milk yield. The main observed positive effects of BPRP were on quality of the milk’s FA profile, antioxidant activity in milk and blood, a reduction of rumen ammonia, and, consequently, a reduction of milk and blood urea. The expected beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols in small ruminants were not always observed because of their complex and variable matrices. However, owing to the large quantities of these products available at low prices, the use of BPRB in small ruminant nutrition offers a convenient solution to the valorization of residues arising from agricultural activities, reducing feed costs for farmers and conferring added value to dairy products at the local level, in a sustainable way.
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Comparison of Organosulfur and Amino Acid Composition between Triploid Onion Allium cornutum Clementi ex Visiani, 1842, and Common Onion Allium cepa L., and Evidences for Antiproliferative Activity of Their Extracts. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010098. [PMID: 31941040 PMCID: PMC7020437 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Species that belong to the genus Allium have been widely used for human food and traditional medicine. Their beneficial health effects, as well as the specific aroma, are associated with their bioactive chemical compounds, such as sulfur compounds and flavonoids. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (reverse-phase HPLC) were used to identify organosulfur and amino acid content of triploid hybrid onion, Allium cornutum Clement ex Visiani, 1842, and common onion, Allium cepa L. Allium extracts were tested for their antiproliferative activity in three human cancer cell lines (HeLa, HCT116, and U2OS). DNA fragmentation and DAPI staining analysis were performed on HeLa cells to evaluate the effect of extracts on DNA damage and cell morphology. The mRNA expression of p53, Bax, and Caspase-3 genes involved in apoptosis were analyzed by real-time PCR. Using GC-MS, 27 compounds were found in two Allium species headspaces. Differences were noted among the main compound abundance in the headspace (although the major thiols and disulfides were qualitatively identic in both Allium species) and dipropyl disulfide, diisopropyl trisulfide, and (Z)-prop-1-enyl propyl trisulfide were predominant sulfides. Identification of amino acids and their quantities were determined by reverse-phase HPLC. Most abundant amino acids in both onions were arginine (Arg) and glutamic acid (Glu). The results of cytotoxicity testing confirmed antiproliferative effects of both species. The DNA fragmentation assay, DAPI staining and real time PCR analysis confirmed that A. cornutum and A. cepa extracts induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. This study presents the evidence for possible therapeutic use of A. cornutum and A. cepa extracts against human cervical carcinoma cell line.
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Remigante A, Morabito R, Marino A. Natural Antioxidants Beneficial Effects on Anion Exchange through Band 3 Protein in Human Erythrocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010025. [PMID: 31888111 PMCID: PMC7022719 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Band 3 protein (B3p) exchanging Cl− and HCO3− through erythrocyte membranes is responsible for acid balance, ion distribution and gas exchange, thus accounting for homeostasis of both erythrocytes and entire organisms. Moreover, since B3p cross links with the cytoskeleton and the proteins underlying the erythrocyte membrane, its function also impacts cell shape and deformability, essential to adaptation of erythrocyte size to capillaries for pulmonary circulation. As growing attention has been directed toward this protein in recent years, the present review was conceived to report the most recent knowledge regarding B3p, with specific regard to its anion exchange capability under in vitro oxidative conditions. Most importantly, the role of natural antioxidants, i.e., curcumin, melatonin and Mg2+, in preventing detrimental oxidant effects on B3p is considered.
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Natalello A, Priolo A, Valenti B, Codini M, Mattioli S, Pauselli M, Puccio M, Lanza M, Stergiadis S, Luciano G. Dietary pomegranate by-product improves oxidative stability of lamb meat. Meat Sci 2019; 162:108037. [PMID: 31901579 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.108037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of including whole pomegranate by-product in lamb diet on meat oxidative stability. Seventeen lambs were assigned to two experimental treatments and fed a cereal-based concentrate (CON) or the same concentrate where 200 g/kg DM of cereals were replaced by whole pomegranate by-product (WPB). Meat from WPB-fed lambs had a greater concentration of vitamin E (α- and γ-tocopherols), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), highly peroxidizable PUFA and a higher peroxidability index (P < .05). Feeding WPB limited the formation of metmyoglobin (P = .05) and reduced lipid oxidation (TBARS values) after 7 days of storage for raw meat (P = .024) or 4 days for cooked meat (P = .006). Feeding WPB increased meat antioxidant capacity (ORAC assay) in the lipophilic fraction (P = .017), but not in the hydrophilic. These results suggest that vitamin E in the pomegranate by-product contributed to the higher antioxidant capacity of meat from the WPB-fed lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Natalello
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Priolo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Bernardo Valenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Codini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Via Ariodante Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mariano Pauselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Puccio
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Lanza
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Luciano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Bustos MC, Vignola MB, Paesani C, León AE. Berry fruits‐enriched pasta: effect of processing and in vitro digestion on phenolics and its antioxidant activity, bioaccessibility and potential bioavailability. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela C. Bustos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba CONICET – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Av Filloy s/n Córdoba Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Av Valparaiso s/n Córdoba Argentina
| | - Maria B. Vignola
- Facultad regional departamento de ingeniería química Universidad Tecnológica Nacional Av. de la Universidad 501 San Francisco Córdoba Argentina
| | - Candela Paesani
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba CONICET – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Av Filloy s/n Córdoba Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Av Valparaiso s/n Córdoba Argentina
| | - Alberto E. León
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba CONICET – Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Av Filloy s/n Córdoba Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Av Valparaiso s/n Córdoba Argentina
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Tayengwa T, Chikwanha OC, Gouws P, Dugan MER, Mutsvangwa T, Mapiye C. Dietary citrus pulp and grape pomace as potential natural preservatives for extending beef shelf life. Meat Sci 2019; 162:108029. [PMID: 31837542 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.108029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The shelf-life of beef was compared from 7-months old Angus steers (281 ± 15.4 kg initial body weight) fed 150 g/kg DM dried citrus pulp (DCP) or grape pomace (DGP) for 90 days. The antioxidant activity, bacterial load, and lipid and protein oxidation were evaluated on the longissimus lumborum subjected to air-permeable packaging at days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 post-slaughter. Beef antioxidant activity was DGP > DCP > control (P ≤ 0.05). Beef from steers fed DGP or DCP had higher L* values (P ≤ 0.05) and fewer (P ≤ 0.05) coliform counts than steers fed the control diet. Beef antioxidant activity was DGP > DCP > control (P ≤ 0.05). Beef TBARS and carbonyl contents were DGP < DCP < control (P ≤ 0.05). Overall, antioxidant activity decreased (P ≤ 0.05), while bacterial loads, TBARS and carbonyl contents increased (P ≤ 0.05) during retail display for all diets. Current findings indicate that DGP could be a better natural preservative than DCP when included in beef cattle finishing diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Tayengwa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Obert C Chikwanha
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Pieter Gouws
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy Mutsvangwa
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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The Importance of Natural Antioxidants in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Animal Models: An Overview. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3642491. [PMID: 32676138 PMCID: PMC7336207 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3642491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) face devastating health, social, and financial consequences, as well as their families and caregivers. Reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress are essential strategies for SCI treatment. Some compounds from traditional medicine could be useful to decrease ROS generated after SCI. This review is aimed at highlighting the importance of some natural compounds with antioxidant capacity used in traditional medicine to treat traumatic SCI. An electronic search of published articles describing animal models of SCI treated with natural compounds from traditional medicine was conducted using the following terms: Spinal Cord Injuries (MeSH terms) AND Models, Animal (MeSH terms) AND [Reactive Oxygen Species (MeSH terms) AND/OR Oxidative Stress (MeSH term)] AND Medicine, Traditional (MeSH terms). Articles reported from 2010 to 2018 were included. The results were further screened by title and abstract for studies performed in rats, mice, and nonhuman primates. The effects of these natural compounds are discussed, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Moreover, the antioxidant properties of natural compounds were emphasized since oxidative stress has a fundamental role in the generation and progression of several pathologies of the nervous system. The use of these compounds diminishes toxic effects due to their high antioxidant capacity. These compounds have been tested in animal models with promising results; however, no clinical studies have been conducted in humans. Further research of these natural compounds is crucial to a better understanding of their effects in patients with SCI.
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Andean Prumnopitys Andina (Podocarpacae) Fruit Extracts: Characterization of Secondary Metabolites and Potential Cytoprotective Effect. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224028. [PMID: 31703314 PMCID: PMC6891447 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruits from the Chilean Podocarpaceae Prumnopitys andina have been consumed since pre-Hispanic times. Little is known about the composition and biological properties of this fruit. The aim of this work was to identify the secondary metabolites of the edible part of P. andina fruits and to assess their antioxidant activity by means of chemical and cell-based assays. Methanol extracts from P. andina fruits were fractionated on a XAD7 resin and the main compounds were isolated by chromatographic means. Antioxidant activity was determined by means of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), ferric reducing power (FRAP), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. The cytoprotective activity of the extract against oxidative and dicarbonyl stress was evaluated in human gastric epithelial cells (AGS). The total intracellular antioxidant activity (TAA) of the extract was determined in AGS cells. The inhibition of meat lipoperoxidation was evaluated under simulated gastric digestion conditions. Rutin, caffeic acid β-glucoside and 20-hydroxyecdysone were identified as major components of the fruit extract. Additional compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography diode-array detector mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MSn) and/or co-injection with standards. Extracts showed dose-dependent cytoprotective effects against oxidative and dicarbonyl-induced damage in AGS cells. The TAA increased with the pre-incubation of AGS cells with the extract. This is the first report on the composition and biological activity of this Andean fruit.
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Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Flooding Stress on the Synthesis of Flavonoids in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203695. [PMID: 31615126 PMCID: PMC6832227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium. cv "Hangju" is an important medicinal material with many functions in China. Flavonoids as the main secondary metabolites are a major class of medicinal components in "Hangju" and its composition and content can change significantly after flooding. This study mimicked the flooding stress of "Hangju" during flower bud differentiation and detected its metabolites in different growth stages. From widely targeted metabolomics data, 661 metabolites were detected, of which 46 differential metabolites exist simultaneously in the different growth stages of "Hangju". The top three types of the 46 differential metabolites were flavone C-glycosides, flavonol and flavone. Our results demonstrated that the accumulation of flavonoids in different growth stages of "Hangju" was different; however, quercetin, eriodictyol and most of the flavone C-glycosides were significantly enhanced in the two stages after flooding stress. The expression of key enzyme genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway were determined using RT-qPCR, which verified the consistency of the expression levels of CHI, F3H, DFR and ANS with the content of the corresponding flavonoids. A regulatory network of flavonoid biosynthesis was established to illustrate that flooding stress can change the accumulation of flavonoids by affecting the expression of the corresponding key enzymes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway.
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Luciano G, Natalello A, Mattioli S, Pauselli M, Sebastiani B, Niderkorn V, Copani G, Benhissi H, Amanpour A, Valenti B. Feeding lambs with silage mixtures of grass, sainfoin and red clover improves meat oxidative stability under high oxidative challenge. Meat Sci 2019; 156:59-67. [PMID: 31129486 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the oxidative stability of meat from lambs fed silages in which timothy grass was totally or partially replaced by sainfoin and/or red clover. Five groups of 8 lambs were fed the following silages: timothy grass (T), mixture (50:50) of timothy with either sainfoin (T-SF) or red clover (T-RC), mixture of timothy, sainfoin and red clover (50:25:25; T-SF-RC), or mixture (50:50) of sainfoin and red clover (SF-RC). Feeding the silages containing red clover (T-RC, T-SF-RC and SF-RC) decreased the deposition of vitamin E in muscle relative to the highly unsaturated fatty acids (P < .001), did not affect the oxidative stability of fresh meat, but reduced oxidative deterioration in cooked meat and in meat homogenates incubated with pro-oxidant catalysts (P < .001). The results of this study demonstrated that feeding lambs with silages containing sainfoin and red clover improve the oxidative stability of meat subjected to strong pro-oxidant conditions and suggest that these effects should be further clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Luciano
- University of Catania, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonio Natalello
- University of Catania, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Mattioli
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mariano Pauselli
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Sebastiani
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincent Niderkorn
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Giuseppe Copani
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Hanen Benhissi
- Neiker-Tecnalia, Department of Animal Production, Arkaute 01080, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Armin Amanpour
- University of Cukurova, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Bernardo Valenti
- University of Perugia, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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Pavlova E, Simeonova L, Serkedjieva J. Antioxidant activities of Geranium sanguineum L. polyphenolic extract in chemiluminescent model systems. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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66
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Natural Product Glycosylation: Biocatalytic Synthesis of Quercetin-3,4'-O-diglucoside. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:464-474. [PMID: 31385192 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids have gained much attention for their proposed positive effects for human health. Glycosylation is a significant method for the structural modification of various flavanols, resulting in glycosides with increased solubility, stability, and bioavailability compared with the corresponding aglycone. Natural product glycosylation by using enzymes has emerged as a topic of interest as it offers a sustainable and economical alternative source so as to address supply scalability limitations associated with plant-based production. Quercetin-3,4'-O-diglucoside, as one of the major but trace bioactive flavonoids in onion (Allium cepa), is superior or at least equal to quercetin aglycone in its bioavailability. In the present study, the onion-derived enzyme, UGT73G1, coupled with sucrose synthase, StSUS1, from Solanum tuberosum formed a circulatory system to produce quercetin-3,4'-O-diglucoside from quercetin, which preferred sucrose as a sugar donor and quercetin as a sugar acceptor. The optimal conditions were determined in order to increase the production of quercetin-3,4'-O-diglucoside. The maximum concentration of quercetin-3,4'-O-diglucoside achieved in a 10-mL reaction was 427.11 mg/L, from the conversion of 1 g/L of quercetin for 16 h at 40 °C and pH 7.2.
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Wang ZC, Tanzeela N, Sun L, Fang Z, Yan Y, Li D, Xie H, Wang H, Guo Y. Effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the composition and bioactivity of anthocyanins in the fruits of cultivated Lycium ruthenicum Murray. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1613449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Chao Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nisar Tanzeela
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yuzhen Yan
- College of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huichun Xie
- College of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Huichun Wang
- College of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yurong Guo
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Busatto N, Matsumoto D, Tadiello A, Vrhovsek U, Costa F. Multifaceted analyses disclose the role of fruit size and skin-russeting in the accumulation pattern of phenolic compounds in apple. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219354. [PMID: 31306452 PMCID: PMC6629076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits are nowadays considered important suppliers of anti-oxidant molecules. Apples are particularly rich in phenolic compounds, non-nutritional phytochemicals that play active roles in controlling severe chronic diseases. In this work, 19 phenolic compounds were investigated in both skin and pulp tissues of seven apple accessions across the Malus genus collected at two stages: during fruit development and at harvest. The primary difference in phenolic concentration between wild and domesticated accessions, especially in the pulp, could be explained by the larger growth rate of the domesticated varieties. The proposed dilution effect was also confirmed through the observation of the increased content of procyanidin B2+B4 and phloridzin in russet-skinned apples, known to have higher concentrations of these compounds. The metabolite screening was also accompanied by the expression analysis of 16 polyphenolic genes showing, for nine elements, a higher expression at harvest than during fruit development. Finally, a polyphenolic comparison with red-fleshed apples was also carried out, underlying a larger amount of procyanidins and quercetin-3rhamnoside in the white-fleshed accessions. The results presented and discussed in this work suggest that specific white-fleshed apples, especially with russeted-skin, may play an important role in ameliorating the nutraceutical potential of apple fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Busatto
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Daiki Matsumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Alice Tadiello
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Deiana M, Montoro P, Jerković I, Atzeri A, Marijanović Z, Serreli G, Piacente S, Tuberoso CIG. First characterization of Pompia intrea candied fruit: The headspace chemical profile, polar extract composition and its biological activities. Food Res Int 2019; 120:620-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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70
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Ighodaro O, Akinloye O. First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O.M. Ighodaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - O.A. Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Fernandez ME, Kembro JM, Ballesteros ML, Caliva JM, Marin RH, Labaque MC. Dynamics of thymol dietary supplementation in quail (Coturnix japonica): Linking bioavailability, effects on egg yolk total fatty acids and performance traits. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216623. [PMID: 31071185 PMCID: PMC6508865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytogenic additives such as thymol are encountering growing interest in the poultry industry. However, there are still questions concerning dynamics of their bioavailability, biological action, optimal dosage and duration of supplementation needed to achieve meaningful effects, as well as persistence of induced changes after supplement withdrawal. We studied the link between the dynamics of free thymol concentration and the changes in fatty acids composition in quail egg yolk, both during a month-long chronic dietary supplementation and after 3 weeks of supplement withdrawal (post-supplementation). Fifty, 85 days-old, female quail of homogeneous body weights (251±1g) in egg-laying peak were used. To evaluate potential dose-dependent effects, three increasing doses 2, 4, and 6.25 g of thymol/kg of feed (THY2, THY4 and THY6, respectively) and two controls were evaluated (n = 10). In parallel, we assessed the concomitant changes in free thymol excretion, potential liver histopathological changes, and birds´ performance traits. Egg yolk and droppings show a dose-dependent increase in THY concentration after 9 days of supplementation and a decrease after post-supplementation. In egg yolk, these changes were accompanied by reduced saturated fatty acid concentrations achieved by 28 days of supplementation in THY2 and 14 days of supplementation in THY4 and THY6. However, after post-supplementation the aforementioned effect disappeared in THY2 but not in THY4 and THY6. While THY2 failed to increase polyunsaturated fatty acids, THY4 and THY6 increased polyunsaturated fatty acids by day 14 of supplementation and remained increased after post-supplementation. Fatty acids changes induced by thymol are consistent with improved nutritional quality of eggs. No treatment effects were observed in liver histopathology and female performance. Findings suggest that both dose of thymol and duration of supplementation modulate thymol and fatty acids concentrations in egg yolk and thymol concentration in droppings. Furthermore, the persistence of those effects after post-supplementation period is also a dose-dependent phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Fernandez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jackelyn M. Kembro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MCL); (JMK)
| | - Maria L. Ballesteros
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Diversidad Animal II, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jorge M. Caliva
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raul H. Marin
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria C. Labaque
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Ecología, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MCL); (JMK)
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Martini S, Conte A, Tagliazucchi D. Antiproliferative Activity and Cell Metabolism of Hydroxycinnamic Acids in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3919-3931. [PMID: 30892877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative activity and the stability and metabolic fate of the main dietary hydroxycinnamates, using two colonic adenocarcinoma cell models (Caco-2 and SW480). Dihydrocaffeic and dihydroferulic acids were the most effective against cell proliferation in both cell lines with IC50 values of 71.7 ± 1.1 and 83.1 ± 1.1 μmol/L, respectively ( P < 0.05) in Caco-2. At 200 μmol/L, caffeic and ferulic acids inhibited SW480 proliferation by 40.8 ± 1.6 and 59.9 ± 1.3%, respectively. Hydroxycinnamic acids with a catechol-type structure were degraded in Caco-2 cell medium, resulting in the production of H2O2. Intracellular Caco-2 UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and catechol- O-methyltransferases were able to form glucuronide and methyl conjugates. However, only the sulfate conjugates were detected after incubation with SW480. In addition, simple hydroxycinnamates were released from quinic and aspartic conjugates. The remarkable effect of dihydrocaffeic and dihydroferulic acids against cell proliferation is of paramount importance, since these compounds are the main metabolites detectable at the colonic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Martini
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Amendola 2 , 42100 Reggio Emilia , Italy
| | - Angela Conte
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Amendola 2 , 42100 Reggio Emilia , Italy
| | - Davide Tagliazucchi
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Amendola 2 , 42100 Reggio Emilia , Italy
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Chromatographic Analysis and Anti-Oxidative Property of Naoxinqing Tablet, a Proprietary Preparation of Diospyros Kaki Leaves. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061101. [PMID: 30897753 PMCID: PMC6470564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Naoxinqing (NXQ) tablet is a standardised proprietary herbal product containing an extract of persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki) for the management of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. Although previous reports suggested that the efficacy of NXQ is at least partly mediated by its anti-oxidative property, the anti-oxidative effect of the major components of NXQ has not been studied systematically. For quality control purposes, only analytical methods limited to 3 marker analytes have been reported, the extent to which the other components affect efficacy has not been explored. In this study, we developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC MS/MS) method for the identification of seven analytes (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (astragalin), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hypericin), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (isoquercitin), kaempferol, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid), and furan-2-carboxylic acid (pyromucic acid) and quercetin) in the NXQ. This is the first method reported and validated for the quantification of the seven major secondary metabolites in NXQ. The results for the quantified analytes were then compared in 15 different batches of NXQ. The variation observed in the seven components highlights the need to quantify key bioactive components to ensure product consistency. Radical scavenging activity and abundance was used to rank the analytes. The anti-oxidative effects of NXQ were examined using cultured human vascular endothelial cells (EA.hy926). Corrected 2,2-di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity results revealed that quercetin and kaempferol have the strongest anti-oxidant capacity in the extract. Both quercetin and kaempferol significantly inhibited the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced EA.hy926 cell injury and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In conclusion, we established and validated an UPLC-MS/MC method for the analysis of major bioactive components in the NXQ and demonstrated that its anti-oxidative property may play a critical role in cerebrovascular protection.
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Archaina D, Sosa N, Rivero R, Schebor C. Freeze-dried candies from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) and yoghurt. Physicochemical and sensorial characterization. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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de Granada-Flor A, Sousa C, Filipe HAL, Santos MSCS, de Almeida RFM. Quercetin dual interaction at the membrane level. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1750-1753. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09656b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The (de)regulatory effect of quercetin in cholesterol-enriched membrane domains, beyond its antioxidant activity, emerges as an important mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- António de Granada-Flor
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
- 1749-016 Lisboa
| | - Carla Sousa
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
- 1749-016 Lisboa
| | - Hugo A. L. Filipe
- Coimbra Chemistry Center
- University of Coimbra
- P-3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology
| | - M. Soledade C. S. Santos
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
- 1749-016 Lisboa
| | - Rodrigo F. M. de Almeida
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
- 1749-016 Lisboa
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Effect of different dietary tannin extracts on lamb growth performances and meat oxidative stability: comparison between mimosa, chestnut and tara. Animal 2019; 13:435-443. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118001556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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77
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Using Resveratrol and Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate to Improve Cryopreservation of Stallion Spermatozoa With Low Quality. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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78
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Effects of pomegranate supplementation on exercise performance and post-exercise recovery in healthy adults: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1201-1216. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe functional significance of pomegranate (POM) supplementation on physiological responses during and following exercise is currently unclear. This systematic review aimed (i) to evaluate the existing literature assessing the effects of POM supplementation on exercise performance and recovery; exercise-induced muscle damage, oxidative stress, inflammation; and cardiovascular function in healthy adults and (ii) to outline the experimental conditions in which POM supplementation is more or less likely to benefit exercise performance and/or recovery. Multiple electronic databases were used to search for studies examining the effects of POM intake on physiological responses during and/or following exercise in healthy adult. Articles were included in the review if they investigated the effects of an acute or chronic POM supplementation on exercise performance, recovery and/or physiological responses during or following exercise. The existing evidence suggests that POM supplementation has the potential to confer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects during and following exercise, to improve cardiovascular responses during exercise, and to enhance endurance and strength performance and post-exercise recovery. However, the beneficial effects of POM supplementation appeared to be less likely when (i) unilateral eccentric exercise was employed, (ii) the POM administered was not rich in polyphenols (<1·69 g/l) and (iii) insufficient time was provided between POM-ingestion and the assessment of physiological responses/performance (≤1 h). The review indicates that POM has the potential to enhance exercise performance and to expedite recovery from intensive exercise. The findings and recommendations from this review may help to optimise POM-supplementation practice in athletes and coaches to potentially improve exercise-performance and post-exercise recovery.
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Abenavoli L, Di Renzo L, Boccuto L, Alwardat N, Gratteri S, De Lorenzo A. Health benefits of Mediterranean diet in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:873-881. [PMID: 30033779 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1503947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. Insulin resistance and obesity-related inflammatory status, associated with genetic, dietary, and lifestyle factors, are involved in its pathogenesis. There is no consensus concerning the pharmacological treatment of NAFLD. However, the international guidelines agree to define a dietetic nutritional management to achieve weight loss, as an essential component of any therapeutic strategy. Areas covered: An overview on the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Expert commentary: On the basis of its components, the literature reports the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet in preventing major chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some forms of cancers. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has supported the idea that the Mediterranean diet, associated with physical activity and cognitive behavior therapy, may be the reference nutritional profile for the prevention and the treatment of NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- a Department of Health Sciences , University Magna Graecia , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- b Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- c Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood , Clemson University School of Health Research , Clemson , SC , USA
| | - Nuha Alwardat
- b Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Santo Gratteri
- d Department of Surgery and Medical Science , University Magna Graecia , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- b Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
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80
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Ruales J, Baenas N, Moreno DA, Stinco CM, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, García-Ruiz A. Biological Active Ecuadorian Mango 'Tommy Atkins' Ingredients-An Opportunity to Reduce Agrowaste. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1138. [PMID: 30134635 PMCID: PMC6163763 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mango is a commercially important tropical fruit. During its processing, peel and seed kernel are discarded as waste but they could be recovered as an excellent and cost-effective source of health-promoting ingredients. This study aimed to characterize some of them, including carotenoids like the provitamin A β-carotene and lutein, with an interest beyond its role in eye health. Other health-promoting compounds like tocopherols and polyphenols were also evaluated, as well as the in vitro antioxidant capacity of mango by-products. Regarding isoprenoids, α-tocopherol was mainly found in the peels and carotenoids concentration was higher in the pulps. β-carotene was the most abundant carotene in pulp and seed kernel, whereas peel was the only source of lutein, with violaxanthin the most abundant xanthophyll in the different mango organs tested. With regard to polyphenols, peels exhibited greater variability in its phenolic composition, being the total content up to 85 and 10 times higher than the pulp and seed kernels, respectively. On the other hand, peels also stood out for being a very rich source of mangiferin. Seed kernels and peels showed higher antioxidant capacity values than the pulps. These results contribute to the valorization of mango by-products as new natural ingredients for the pharma and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ruales
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Escuela Politécnica National, Quito 17-01-2759, Ecuador.
| | - Nieves Baenas
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab., Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo-Edificio 25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab., Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo-Edificio 25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Carla M Stinco
- Food Colour & Quality Lab., Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, Facultad de Farmacia, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Antonio J Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Colour & Quality Lab., Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Universidad de Sevilla, Facultad de Farmacia, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Almudena García-Ruiz
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Escuela Politécnica National, Quito 17-01-2759, Ecuador.
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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81
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Theoduloz C, Burgos-Edwards A, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Jiménez-Aspee F. Effect of polyphenols from wild Chilean currants ( Ribes spp.) on the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes in human gastric AGS cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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82
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Brunetti C, Fini A, Sebastiani F, Gori A, Tattini M. Modulation of Phytohormone Signaling: A Primary Function of Flavonoids in Plant-Environment Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1042. [PMID: 30079075 PMCID: PMC6062965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The old observation that plants preferentially synthesize flavonoids with respect to the wide range of phenylpropanoid structures when exposed to high doses of UV-B radiation has supported the view that flavonoids are primarily involved in absorbing the shortest solar wavelengths in photoprotection. However, there is compelling evidence that the biosynthesis of flavonoids is similarly upregulated in response to high photosynthetically active radiation in the presence or in the absence of UV-radiation, as well as in response to excess metal ions and photosynthetic redox unbalance. This supports the hypothesis that flavonoids may play prominent roles as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by light excess. These 'antioxidant' functions of flavonoids appears robust, as maintained between different life kingdoms, e.g., plants and animals. The ability of flavonoids to buffer stress-induced large alterations in ROS homeostasis and, hence, to modulate the ROS-signaling cascade, is at the base of well-known functions of flavonoids as developmental regulators in both plants and animals. There is both long and very recent evidence indeed that, in plants, flavonoids may strongly affect phytohormone signaling, e.g., auxin and abscisic acid signaling. This function is served by flavonoids in a very low (nM) concentration range and involves the ability of flavonoids to inhibit the activity of a wide range of protein kinases, including but not limited to mitogen-activated protein kinases, that operate downstream of ROS in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. For example, flavonoids inhibit the transport of auxin acting on serine-threonine PINOID (PID) kinases that regulate the localization of auxin efflux facilitators PIN-formed (PIN) proteins. Flavonoids may also determine auxin gradients at cellular and tissue levels, and the consequential developmental processes, by reducing auxin catabolism. Recent observations lead to the hypothesis that regulation/modulation of auxin transport/signaling is likely an ancestral function of flavonoids. The antagonistic functions of flavonoids on ABA-induced stomatal closure also offer novel hypotheses on the functional role of flavonoids in plant-environment interactions, in early as well as in modern terrestrial plants. Here, we surmise that the regulation of phytohormone signaling might have represented a primary function served by flavonols for the conquest of land by plants and it is still of major significance for the successful acclimation of modern terrestrial plants to a severe excess of radiant energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Brunetti
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Trees and Timber Institute, Florence, Italy
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Fini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Sebastiani
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonella Gori
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Florence, Italy
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83
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Upadysheva G, Motyleva S, Kulikov I, Medvedev S, Mertvishcheva M. Biochemical composition of sweet cherry (Prynus avium L.) fruit depending on the scion-stock combinations. POTRAVINARSTVO 2018. [DOI: 10.5219/923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of the field and biochemical researches of sweet cherry Prunus avium L. scion Chermashnaya fruit grown on 8 clonal stocks (Kolt, Moskoviya, Izmaylovskiy, Stepnoy rodnik, AVCH-2, VSL-2, VTS-13, V-5-88) are presented. Trees productivity, the fruit average weight and the stone- fruit weight relation were studied, fruit degustation evaluation was fulfilled and the main biochemical parameters such as soluble solids, sugars sum, ascorbic acid concentration and antioxidant activity were determined. The influence of the stock on the fruit biochemical composition, the trees productivity and the fruit weight was determined. The sweet cherries productivity was 12,5 kg/tree at average, and depending on the stock it varied from 8,3 kg/tree (V-5-88) to 18,6 kg/tree (Izmaylovskiy). The biggest fruit were found on the trees with stocks VSL-2, Izmaylovskiy and AVCH-2. At average the proportion of the stone in the fruit weight was 5.3% with the variation depending on the stock from 5.2% (Kolt) to 5.5% (V-5-88, Stepnoy rodnik). According to the degustation results the fruit of scion Chermashnaya were characterized by the sweet harmonized taste and smell (4.5 points), there were not found either taste deterioration or bitterness on any stock. The best results according to the degustation evaluation by the parameters complex were found at scion Chermashnaya combinations on stocks Izmaylovskiy, VSL-2 and Kolt. The soluble solids content also depended on the stock and varied from 13.9 (Chermashnaya on AVCH-2) to 17.2% (Chermashnaya on Izmaylovskiy) at average value 16.0%. The sugars content in the sweet cherry fruit was within the range from 9.0 to 12.4%. The sugars higher accumulation belonged to the combinations of Chermashmaya on Stepnoy rodnik (11.1%) and Chermashmaya on Izmaylovskiy (12.4%). The ascorbic acid content in the sweet cherry fruit did not exceed 8 mg.100 g-1. Depending on the stock this parameter varied from 5.9 to 9.3 mg.100 g-1. The highest vitamin C content was found in the fruit at the grafting on the stock Stepnoy rodnik, the lowest one - on the stock Moskoviya. The sweet cherry fruit antioxidant activity according to DPPH method was not high and was in the range from 11.8 to 13.8%.
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84
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Stvolinsky SL, Antonova NA, Kulikova OI, Lopachev AV, Abaimov DA, Al-Baidani I, Lopacheva OM, Fedorova TN, Kaplun AP, Sorokoumova GM. [Lipoilcarnosine: synthesis, study of physico-chemical and antioxidant properties, biological activity]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2018; 64:268-275. [PMID: 29964264 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20186403268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of lipoilcarnosine (LipC) - a conjugated molecule based on two natural antioxidants, carnosine and a-lipoic acid, is described. Its physico-chemical, antioxidant properties and biological activity are characterized. According to reversed-phase HPLC with a UV detector, purity of the final product was 89.3%. The individuality of the obtained sodium salt of LipC was confirmed by tandem HPLC-mass spectrometry. High resistance of LipC to hydrolysis with serum carnosinase was demonstrated. The antioxidant activity of LipC measured by reaction with the formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances and kinetic parameters of iron-induced chemiluminescence was higher than that of carnosine and lipoic acid. LipC did not affect viability of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma culture cells, differentiated towards the dopaminergic type, at concentrations not exceeding 5 mM. At the concentration range of 0.1-0.25 mM LipC protected neuronal cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + )-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - O I Kulikova
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - D A Abaimov
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - O M Lopacheva
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, International Biotechnological Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A P Kaplun
- Moscow Technological University, Moscow, Russia
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85
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Nouri H, Shojaeian K, Jalilvand G, Kohram H. Effect of feeding pomegranate seed oil as a source of conjugated linolenic acid on Arabian stallion semen quality in cooled and postthawed condition. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:1075-1084. [PMID: 29888423 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to assess the influence of pomegranate seed oil supplementation on the quality of fresh, cooled and frozen-thawed Arabian breed stallion semen. Eight stallions (n = 4 per group) received their normal diet (control group) or normal diet top dressed with 200 ml of pomegranate seed oil (PSO group). Semen was collected every fifteen days for 90 days. Stallions were reversed across the treatments after a sixty-day interval. In cooled and stored condition (2, 12 and 24 hr), spermatozoa motion characteristics, membrane integrity, viability, morphology and lipid peroxidation were analysed. In frozen-thawed semen, sperm dynamic characteristics were analysed by CASA, acrosome status and mitochondrial activity (evaluated by Flow cytometry) determined. The effects of treatment, time, semen type and their interactions were submitted to PROCMIX (SAS® ), and means compared by the Tukey test. Also, collected semen samples were artificially inseminated to evaluate fertility and pregnancy rate after day 60 of the experiment. The results from fresh condition showed that semen volume, sperm concentration, abnormality and live sperm were not affected by dietary treatment (p > 0.05). In cooled condition, the higher value for sperm plasma membrane integrity and viability was observed in PSO group compared to control after 24 hr cooled and stored in 5°C. In postthawed condition, the higher value for CASA total motility and acrosome status was observed in PSO group compared to control group (p < 0.05). One hundred and twenty-six mares were artificially inseminated for fertility trial using control and PSO groups' fresh semen. The average pregnancy rates were not significantly different between control and treated group (62.88% and 65.90%, respectively) (p > 0.05). We concluded that under the conditions of this study, dietary supplementation of 200 ml pomegranate seed oil seems to relatively improved Arabian horse sperm quality during storage in cooled and frozen condition via increasing plasma membrane integrity, viability and acrosome status, but did not improve the pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houshang Nouri
- Department of Animal Science, college of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Kamal Shojaeian
- Department of Animal Science, college of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ghasem Jalilvand
- Department of Animal Science, college of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hamid Kohram
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
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86
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Chandrasekara A, Daugelaite J, Shahidi F. DNA scission and LDL cholesterol oxidation inhibition and antioxidant activities of Bael ( Aegle marmelos) flower extracts. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 8:428-435. [PMID: 29992113 PMCID: PMC6035305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds and other antioxidants have been implicated in protection against non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in which oxidative stress is a main contributor. The extracts of Bael (Aegle marmelos) flower were examined for their phenolic content, free radical scavenging efficacy and inhibition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol oxidation and DNA scission activities. The extracts of Bael flowers were prepared using different solvent systems and their total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) determined. Selected extracts which showed high TPC were subsequently used to determine their efficacy in scavenging hydroxyl, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The corresponding peroxyl radical scavenging activity was measured using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. The potency of the extracts in inhibiting hydroxyl and peroxyl radical-induced supercoiled DNA scission and inhibition of LDL cholesterol oxidation was also evaluated. The chemical identity of phenolic compounds present in the extracts was tentatively unraveled using HPLC-MS. Phenolic extracts of Bael flowers effectively inhibited hydroxyl, and peroxyl radicals. Phenolic extracts demonstrated notable inhibitory activity against hydroxyl and peroxyl radical-induced DNA scission and LDL oxidation. Vanillic, p-coumaric, chlorogenic, caffeic, and gentisic acids were identified as major phenolic acids, along with flavonoids, mainly catechin, and quercetin. The knowledge gained here may help better use of Bael flower extracts as functional herbal beverage ingredients in the prevention of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoma Chandrasekara
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila, 60170, Sri Lanka
| | - Jurata Daugelaite
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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87
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Influence of light quality on growth, secondary metabolites production and antioxidant activity in callus culture of Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 183:258-265. [PMID: 29747145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rhodiola imbricata is a rare medicinal herb well-known for its adaptogenic and antioxidant properties due to the presence of a diverse array of secondary metabolites, including phenylethanoids and phenylpropanoids. These secondary metabolites are generating considerable interest due to their potential applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. The present study investigated the influence of light quality on growth, production of industrially important secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity in callus cultures of Rhodiola imbricata. Callus cultures of Rhodiola imbricata were established under different light conditions: 100% red, 100% blue, 100% green, RGB (40% red: 40% green: 20% blue) and 100% white (control). The results showed that the callus cultures grown under red light accumulated maximum amount of biomass (7.43 g/l) on day 21 of culture, as compared to other light conditions. Maximum specific growth rate (0.126 days-1) and doubling time (132.66 h) was observed in callus cultures grown under red light. Reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) analysis revealed that the callus cultures exposed to blue light accumulated maximum amount of Salidroside (3.12 mg/g DW) on day 21 of culture, as compared to other light conditions. UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis showed that the callus cultures exposed to blue light accumulated maximum amount of total phenolics (11.84 mg CHA/g DW) and total flavonoids (5.53 mg RE/g DW), as compared to other light conditions. Additionally, callus cultures grown under blue light displayed enhanced DPPH free radical scavenging activity (53.50%). Callus cultures grown under different light conditions showed no significant difference in ascorbic acid content (11.05-13.90 mg/g DW) and total antioxidant capacity (27.37-30.17 mg QE/g DW). The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity in callus cultures (r = 0.85). Taken together, these results demonstrate the remarkable potential of light quality on biomass accumulation and production of industrially important secondary metabolites in callus cultures of Rhodiola imbricata. This study will open new avenues and perspectives towards abiotic elicitation strategies for sustainable growth and enhanced production of bioactive compounds in in-vitro cultures of Rhodiola imbricata.
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88
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Adami GR, Tangney CC, Tang JL, Zhou Y, Ghaffari S, Naqib A, Sinha S, Green SJ, Schwartz JL. Effects of green tea on miRNA and microbiome of oral epithelium. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5873. [PMID: 29651001 PMCID: PMC5897334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of green tea (GT) extracts or purified catechins has shown the ability to prevent oral and other cancers and inhibit cancer progression in rodent models, but the evidence for this in humans is mixed. Working with humans, we sought to understand the source of variable responses to GT by examining its effects on oral epithelium. Lingual epithelial RNA and lingual and gingival microbiota were measured before and after 4 weeks of exposure in tobacco smokers, whom are at high risk of oral cancer. GT consumption had on average inconsistent effects on miRNA expression in the oral epithelium. Only analysis that examined paired miRNAs, showing changed and coordinated expression with GT exposure, provided evidence for a GT effect on miRNAs, identifying miRNAs co-expressed with two hubs, miR-181a-5p and 301a-3p. An examination of the microbiome on cancer prone lingual mucosa, in contrast, showed clear shifts in the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, and other genera after GT exposure. These data support the idea that tea consumption can consistently change oral bacteria in humans, which may affect carcinogenesis, but argue that GT effects on oral epithelial miRNA expression in humans vary between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy R Adami
- Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Christy C Tangney
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W Van Buren St. Suite 425, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica L Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yalu Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saba Ghaffari
- Department of Computer Science and Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2122 Siebel Center, 201N. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ankur Naqib
- DNA Services Facility, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Department of Computer Science and Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2122 Siebel Center, 201N. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stefan J Green
- DNA Services Facility, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joel L Schwartz
- Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, USA
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89
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Amić A, Marković Z, Klein E, Dimitrić Marković JM, Milenković D. Theoretical study of the thermodynamics of the mechanisms underlying antiradical activity of cinnamic acid derivatives. Food Chem 2018; 246:481-489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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90
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Salawu SO, Olukemi BE, Asikhia IC, Akindahunsi AA. Mineral Elements Bio-Accessibility and Antioxidant Indices of Blanched Basella rubra at Different Phases of in vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2018; 23:22-29. [PMID: 29662844 PMCID: PMC5894782 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2018.23.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was designed to evaluate the mineral element bio-accessibility and antioxidant indices of blanched Basella rubra at different phases of simulated in vitro digestion (oral, gastric, and intestinal). The phenolic composition of processed vegetable was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode-array detection method. Mineral composition, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of the in vitro digested blanched and raw vegetable were also determined. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of some phenolic compounds, with higher levels (mg/g) of polyphenols in raw B. rubra (catechin, 1.12; p-coumaric acid, 6.17; caffeic acid, 2.05) compared with the blanched counterpart, with exeption of chlorogenic acid (2.84), that was higher in blanched vegetable. The mineral content (mg/100 g) showed a higher value in enzyme treated raw vegetable compared to their blanched counterparts, with few exceptions. The results revealed a higher level of some of the evaluated minerals at the intestinal phase of digestion (Zn, 6.36/5.31; Mg, 5.29/8.97; Ca, 2,307.69/1,565.38; Na, 5,128/4,128.21) for raw and blanched respectively, with the exception of Fe, K, and P. The results of the antioxidant indices of in vitro digested B. rubra revealed a higher value at the intestinal phase of in vitro digestion, with raw vegetal matter ranking higher (TPC, 553.56 mg/g; TFC, 518.88 mg/g; FRAP, 8.15 mg/g; TAA, 5,043.16 μM Trolox equivalent/g) than the blanched counterpart. The studied vegetable contains important minerals and antioxidant molecules that would be readily available after passing through the gastrointestinal tract and could be harnessed as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Ola Salawu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State 340001,
Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Science, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State 210001,
Nigeria
| | - Bukola Eugenia Olukemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State 340001,
Nigeria
| | - Ikuosho Charity Asikhia
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State 340001,
Nigeria
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91
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Jaramillo-García V, Trindade C, Lima E, Guecheva TN, Villela I, Martinez-Lopez W, Corrêa DS, Ferraz ADBF, Moura S, Sosa MQ, Da Silva J, Henriques JAP. Chemical characterization and cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic properties of Baccharis trinervis (Lam, Persoon) from Colombia and Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:210-220. [PMID: 29100934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Baccharis trinervis (Lam, Persoon) leaves are used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of high fevers, edema, inflammation, sores and muscle cramps, snakebites and as antiseptic. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of extracts and fractions of B. trinervis from Brazil and Colombia in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, and to examine the mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aqueous extracts (AE) of aerial parts of B. trinervis from Brazil (B) and Colombia (C) were fractioned in ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), butanol extract (BF), and aqueous residue fraction (ARF). Qualitative chemical screening and determination of total flavonoid content were made. Identification of chemical constituents was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). For the in vitro tests, CHO cells were treated for 3h with extracts and fractions. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated by clonal survival and 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2.5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction assay (MTT). Genotoxic and mutagenic effects were evaluated by the alkaline comet assay and Cytokinesis-blockage micronucleus test (CBMN), respectively. Additionally, Salmonella/microsome assay was carried out to determinate the mutagenic effects in EAF from Brazil and Colombia. RESULTS Phytochemical analyses indicated the presence of saponins and flavonoids. AE and EAF were the samples with the highest quantity of total flavonoids. HPLC showed the presence of luteolin only in AEC, and caffeic acid, ellagic acid, rosmarinic acid, and rutin were identified in AEB and AEC (AEC>AEB). The HRMS in positive mode of EAFB and EAFC showed presence of two carboxylic acids, coumarin, and two terpenoids. In addition, were identified one terpenoid and two carboxylic acids in AE, BF and ARF of B. trinervis from both countries in negative mode. Dose-dependent cytotoxic effects were observed in CHO cells treated with B. trinervis extracts and fractions by using clonal survival and MTT at concentrations higher than 0.05mg/mL. All the extracts and fractions induced DNA strand breaks in CHO cells with dose-dependent response, mostly EAFB and EAFC. The EAF from Brazil and Colombia showed mutagenic effect at 0.5mg/mL, while the other fractions did not show a significant difference in relation to the control. No mutagenic effects were found in EAF from both countries by the Salmonella/microsome assay. CONCLUSIONS Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were demonstrated in all extracts and fractions used, although only EAF showed mutagenic effects by CBMN, but not by Salmonella/microsome assay. Our results suggest that flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, coumarins, and diterpenes may be responsible for the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jaramillo-García
- Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia-UFRGS, Porto Alegre- RS-Brasil.; Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular (PPGBCM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Trindade
- Unidad de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Genética y Biología Molecular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Elisiane Lima
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Temenouga N Guecheva
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, PPG em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia, Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Izabel Villela
- InnVitro Research and Development, Av. Osvaldo Aranha, 1022 sl 1415, 90035-190 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wilner Martinez-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Epigenética e Inestabilidad Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dione S Corrêa
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre de B F Ferraz
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e de Tecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul - UCS Caxias do Sul - RS, Brazil
| | - Milton Quintana Sosa
- Unidad de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Genética y Biología Molecular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde - ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antônio Pegas Henriques
- Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia-UFRGS, Porto Alegre- RS-Brasil.; Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular (PPGBCM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Exatas e de Tecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul - UCS Caxias do Sul - RS, Brazil.
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92
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Skendi A, Mouselemidou P, Papageorgiou M, Papastergiadis E. Effect of acorn meal-water combinations on technological properties and fine structure of gluten-free bread. Food Chem 2018; 253:119-126. [PMID: 29502810 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gluten-free breads were developed from rice flour and corn starch at a constant ratio 1:1 with acorn meal addition (5, 15, 25%), at three levels of water (65, 70, 75%). Acorn supplemented gluten free breads better met sensory preference than rice breads in terms of colour (brown hue was enhanced) and were also nutritionally improved in terms of total phenolics. The specific volume of breads significantly decreased with increasing acorn addition while crumb hardness was also increased. SEM images confirmed that the decrease in the ΔH values at low water level (65%) was due to less swelling of starch as observed from large starch granule remnants present after baking. XRD measurements revealed coexistence of "B" and "V" type starch structures. Increasing of acorn concentration enhanced the intensity of FTIR bands at 994, 1016 and 1077 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Skendi
- Department of Food Technology, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki (ATEITh), POB 141, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Panagiota Mouselemidou
- Department of Food Technology, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki (ATEITh), POB 141, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Maria Papageorgiou
- Department of Food Technology, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki (ATEITh), POB 141, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Efthimios Papastergiadis
- Department of Food Technology, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki (ATEITh), POB 141, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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93
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Strahler J, Nater UM. Differential effects of eating and drinking on wellbeing—An ecological ambulatory assessment study. Biol Psychol 2018; 131:72-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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94
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Deiana M, Serra G, Corona G. Modulation of intestinal epithelium homeostasis by extra virgin olive oil phenolic compounds. Food Funct 2018; 9:4085-4099. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00354h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil polyphenols concentrate at the intestinal level and, by modulating the microbiota, oxidative status and inflammation, contribute to prevent the onset or delay the progression of inflammatory/degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
| | - Gessica Serra
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Reading
- Reading
- UK
| | - Giulia Corona
- Health Sciences Research Centre
- University of Roehampton
- SW15 4JD London
- UK
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95
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Coelho LM, Silva PM, Martins JT, Pinheiro AC, Vicente AA. Emerging opportunities in exploring the nutritional/functional value of amaranth. Food Funct 2018; 9:5499-5512. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amaranthusspp. is a highly nutritive pseudocereal, rich in macronutrients and micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Miguel Silva
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering
- University of Minho
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
| | - Joana T. Martins
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering
- University of Minho
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
| | - Ana C. Pinheiro
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering
- University of Minho
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica
| | - António A. Vicente
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering
- University of Minho
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
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96
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Prattichizzo F, De Nigris V, Spiga R, Mancuso E, La Sala L, Antonicelli R, Testa R, Procopio AD, Olivieri F, Ceriello A. Inflammageing and metaflammation: The yin and yang of type 2 diabetes. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 41:1-17. [PMID: 29081381 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by chronic low-grade inflammation, recently referred to as 'metaflammation', a relevant factor contributing to the development of both diabetes and its complications. Nonetheless, 'canonical' anti-inflammatory drugs do not yield satisfactory results in terms of prevention of diabetes progression and of cardiovascular events, suggesting that the causal mechanisms fostering metaflammation deserve further research to identify new druggable targets. Metaflammation resembles ageing-induced low-grade inflammation, previously referred to as inflammageing, in terms of clinical presentation and the molecular profile, pointing to a common aetiology for both conditions. Along with the mechanisms proposed to fuel inflammageing, here we dissect a plethora of pathological cascades triggered by gluco- and lipotoxicity, converging on candidate phenomena possibly explaining the enduring pro-inflammatory program observed in diabetic tissues, i.e. persistent immune-system stimulation, accumulation of senescent cells, epigenetic rearrangements, and alterations in microbiota composition. We discuss the possibility of harnessing these recent discoveries in future therapies for T2DM. Moreover, we review recent evidence regarding the ability of diets and physical exercise to modulate selected inflammatory pathways relevant for the diabetic pathology. Finally, we examine the latest findings showing putative anti-inflammatory mechanisms of anti-hyperglycaemic agents with proven efficacy against T2DM-induced cardiovascular complications, in order to gain insights into quickly translatable therapeutic approaches.
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97
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Mitic VD, Dimitrijevic MV, Pavlovic J, Nikolic J, Simonovic SR, Jovanovic Stankov VP, Stojanovic GS. Comprehensive Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity ofRibes berryFruit Species: A Chemometric Approach. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1362646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta D. Mitic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Marija V. Dimitrijevic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Jovana Pavlovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelena Nikolic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Strahinja R. Simonovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Priština (Kosovska Mitrovica), Serbia
| | | | - Gordana S. Stojanovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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98
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Polyphenols and Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis-Related Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8526438. [PMID: 29317985 PMCID: PMC5727797 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8526438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Good nutrition could maintain health and life. Polyphenols are common nutrient mainly derived from fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, cocoa, mushrooms, beverages, and traditional medicinal herbs. They are potential substances against oxidative-related diseases, for example, cardiovascular disease, specifically, atherosclerosis-related ischemic heart disease and stroke, which are health and economic problems recognized worldwide. In this study, we reviewed the risk factors for atherosclerosis, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and cigarette smoking as well as the antioxidative activity of polyphenols, which could prevent the pathology of atherosclerosis, including endothelial dysfunction, low-density lipoprotein oxidation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, inflammatory process by monocytes, macrophages or T lymphocytes, and platelet aggregation. The strong radical-scavenging properties of polyphenols would exhibit antioxidative and anti-inflammation effects. Polyphenols reduce ROS production by inhibiting oxidases, reducing the production of superoxide, inhibiting OxLDL formation, suppressing VSMC proliferation and migration, reducing platelet aggregation, and improving mitochondrial oxidative stress. Polyphenol consumption also inhibits the development of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Despite the numerous in vivo and in vitro studies, more advanced clinical trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy of polyphenols in the treatment of atherosclerosis-related vascular diseases.
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99
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Plants of Brazilian restingas with tripanocide activity against Trypanosoma cruzi strains. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:473-483. [PMID: 29147831 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi affecting millions of people, and widespread throughout Latin America. This disease exhibits a problematic chemotherapy. Benznidazole, which is the drug currently used as standard treatment, lamentably evokes several adverse reactions. Among other options, natural products have been tested to discover a novel therapeutic drug for this disease. A lot of plants from the Brazilian flora did not contain studies about their biological effects. Restinga de Jurubatiba from Brazil is a sandbank ecosystem poorly studied in relation to plant biological activity. Thus, three plant species from Restinga de Jurubatiba were tested against in vitro antiprotozoal activity. Among six extracts obtained from leaves and stem parts and 2 essential oils derived from leave parts, only 3 extracts inhibited epimastigote proliferation. Substances present in the extracts with activity were isolated (quercetin, myricetin, and ursolic acid), and evaluated in relation to antiprotozoal activity against epimastigote Y and Dm28 Trypanosoma cruzi strains. All isolated substances were effective to reduce protozoal proliferation. Essentially, quercetin and myricetin did not cause mammalian cell toxicity. In summary, myricetin and quercetin molecule can be used as a scaffold to develop new effective drugs against Chagas's disease.
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100
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Zhang B, Deng Z, Tang Y, Chen PX, Liu R, Dan Ramdath D, Liu Q, Hernandez M, Tsao R. Reprint of “Bioaccessibility, in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of phenolics in cooked green lentil ( Lens culinaris )”. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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