51
|
Abstract
Controversy exists as to the role that the immune system plays in cancer therapy. While the immune system has been proposed to scavenge the body to prevent microscopic transformation from forming cancer, it has been difficult to mount its potential of shrinking established tumors. NK cells are components of the innate immune system. They can recognize targets without prior sensitization, making them ideal candidates to manipulate for therapeutic use against cancer. Initially, autologous NK cells were directed against tumors but it was realized that NK cells that recognize self cells are inhibited. More encouraging advances have been made with allogeneic NK cell therapy in clinical trials to overcome this limitation. In this article, we present developments in NK cell adoptive immunotherapy for hematologic and solid tumor malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Geller
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Guo Q, Chen B, Ruan Y, Lin A, Yan W. HLA-G expression is irrelevant to prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2011; 35:1350-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
53
|
Lin A, Zhang X, Xu HH, Xu DP, Ruan YY, Yan WH. HLA-G expression is associated with metastasis and poor survival in the Balb/c nu/nu murine tumor model with ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:150-7. [PMID: 21858813 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant HLA-G expression is associated with tumor invasiveness and poor clinical prognosis; however, there is a lack of preclinical animal model to address whether HLA-G plays a causal role in the unfavorable prognosis of malignancies. In the current study, ovarian carcinoma cell lines (HO-8910 and Ovcar-3) were transfected with HLA-G gene. HLA-G expression was analyzed with western blot and flow cytometry. Transwell experiment was performed to analyze the cell migration and invasion capability and/or multicellular spheroid formation was investigated with the 3D culture assay in vitro. The effects of HLA-G expression for tumor cell organ metastasis and for mouse survival was analyzed with the Balb/c nu/nu mouse model. Our data showed that HO-8910-G and Ovcar-3-G cells are of higher invasion potential compared with the parental HO-8910 and Ovcar-3 cells. Multicellular spheroid formation exists only in HO-8910-G cells in a 3D culture assay. In Balb/c nu/nu mouse model, widespread metastasis was observed in mice xenografted with HO-8910-G cells, but not in the group with parental cells. Mouse survival was dramatically decreased in HO-8910-G and Ovcar-3-G xenografted mice than that with HO-8910 and Ovcar-3 cells, respectively. In summary, our study provided the first evidence that HLA-G expression is associated with tumor metastasis and with poor survival in an animal model with ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Lin
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
A review of the evolution of viviparity in squamate reptiles: the past, present and future role of molecular biology and genomics. J Comp Physiol B 2011; 181:575-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-011-0584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
|
55
|
Elliott RL, Jiang XP, Phillips JT, Barnett BG, Head JF. Human leukocyte antigen G expression in breast cancer: role in immunosuppression. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2011; 26:153-7. [PMID: 21510769 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is an immunotolerant nonclassical major histocompatibility complex Class Ib molecule. It is expressed by trophoblastic placental cells during pregnancy to protect the fetus from maternal alloreactivity. HLA-G is overexpressed in tumors and involved in cancer immune evasion. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to examine HLA-G expression in normal mammary and breast cancer cell lines and normal and human breast cancer tissues. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction confirmed that normal epithelial MCF-12A cells had no HLA-G mRNA expression, whereas cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231 and NCI/Adr-Res had various levels of HLA-G mRNA expression. Twelve (12) normal and 38 breast cancer tissues were examined by IHC. Fifty-eight (58) percent (22/38) of cancers had medium to strong staining to HLA-G, whereas only 8% (1/12) of normal breast tissues had medium to strong staining, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). HLA-G staining was found in the membranes and cytoplasm of cancer cells. In conclusion, breast cancer cells overexpress HLA-G mRNA and protein, and this probably contributes to immune evasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Elliott
- Elliott-Elliott-Head Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70816, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Lin A, Zhang X, Zhou WJ, Ruan YY, Xu DP, Wang Q, Yan WH. Human leukocyte antigen-G expression is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1382-90. [PMID: 21128238 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G inhibits functions of immune component cells and promotes malignant cells evading from antitumor immunity. We investigated the clinical relevance of HLA-G expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In our study, HLA-G expression in 79 primary ESCC lesions and corresponding adjacent normal tissues were analyzed with immunohistochemistry. Soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in plasma was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 41 ESCC patients (including 19 case-matched lesions and plasma samples) and in 153 normal healthy controls. HLA-G expression was observed in 65.8% (52/79) of the ESCC lesions but not in adjacent normal esophageal tissues. HLA-G expression was more frequently observed in patients with advanced disease stage (III/IV vs. I/II, p = 0.01). Patients with HLA-G expression had a significantly worse survival, and HLA-G could be an independent prognostic factor. sHLA-G levels in plasma were significantly increased in patients compared to normal controls (median: 152.4 U/ml vs. 8.9 U/ml, p < 0.001). The area under receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for sHLA-G in plasma was 0.992. However, no significant correlation was found between sHLA-G in plasma and clinical parameters studied. In conclusion, our findings indicated that HLA-G expression in ESCC is associated with poor survival and could be a prognostic indicator. Furthermore, increased levels of sHLA-G in plasma might be a useful preoperative biomarker for diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Lin
- Human Tissue Bank, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Lin A, Zhu CC, Chen HX, Chen BF, Zhang X, Zhang JG, Wang Q, Zhou WJ, Hu W, Yang HH, Xu HH, Yan WH. Clinical relevance and functional implications for human leucocyte antigen-g expression in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 14:2318-29. [PMID: 19602033 PMCID: PMC3822572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-G has been documented both in establishment of anti-tumour immune responses and in tumour evasion. To investigate the clinical relevance of HLA-G in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), expression status and potential significance of HLA-G in NSCLC were analysed. In this study, HLA-G expression in 101 NSCLC primary lesions and plasma soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) from 91 patients were analysed with immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. Correlations between HLA-G status and various clinical parameters including survival time were evaluated. Meanwhile, functional analysis of transfected cell surface HLA-G expression and plasma sHLA-G form NSCLC patients on natural killer (NK) cell cytolysis were performed. Data revealed that HLA-G was expressed in 41.6% (42/101) NSCLC primary lesions, while undetectable in adjacent normal lung tissues. HLA-G expression in NSCLC lesions was strongly correlated to disease stages (P= 0.002). Plasma sHLA-G from NSCLC patients was markedly higher than that in normal controls (P= 0.004), which was significantly associated with the disease stages (I versus IV, P= 0.025; II versus IV, P= 0.029). Patient plasma sHLA-G level (≥median, 32.0 U/ml) had a significantly shorter survival time (P= 0.044); however, no similar significance was observed for the lesion HLA-G expression. In vitro data showed that both cell surface HLA-G and patient plasma sHLA-G could dramatically decrease the NK cell cytolysis. Our findings indicated that both lesion HLA-G expression and plasma sHLA-G in NSCLC is related to the disease stage and can exert immunosuppression to the NK cell cytolysis, indicating that HLA-G could be a potential therapeutic target. Moreover, plasma sHLA-G in NSCLC patients could be used as a prognosis factor for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lin
- Human Tissue Bank, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Donadi EA, Castelli EC, Arnaiz-Villena A, Roger M, Rey D, Moreau P. Implications of the polymorphism of HLA-G on its function, regulation, evolution and disease association. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 68:369-95. [PMID: 21107637 PMCID: PMC3021195 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The HLA-G gene displays several peculiarities that are distinct from those of classical HLA class I genes. The unique structure of the HLA-G molecule permits a restricted peptide presentation and allows the modulation of the cells of the immune system. Although polymorphic sites may potentially influence all biological functions of HLA-G, those present at the promoter and 3′ untranslated regions have been particularly studied in experimental and pathological conditions. The relatively low polymorphism observed in the MHC-G coding region both in humans and apes may represent a strong selective pressure for invariance, whereas, in regulatory regions several lines of evidence support the role of balancing selection. Since HLA-G has immunomodulatory properties, the understanding of gene regulation and the role of polymorphic sites on gene function may permit an individualized approach for the future use of HLA-G for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Donadi
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Chen HX, Chen BG, Shi WW, Zhen R, Xu DP, Lin A, Yan WH. Induction of cell surface human leukocyte antigen-G expression in pandemic H1N1 2009 and seasonal H1N1 influenza virus-infected patients. Hum Immunol 2010; 72:159-65. [PMID: 21087648 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel H1N1 virus of swine origin (H1N1v) recently caused a pandemic; however, knowledge of immunologic aspects of the virus infection are limited. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) was speculated to play critical roles in viral infection, although its clinical relevance in H1N1 infection remains unknown. In this study, HLA-G expression in peripheral T lymphocytes, monocytes, and CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells (in 50 H1N1v-infected and 41 seasonal H1N1-infected patients and 27 control subjects) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Plasma-soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G, in 28 H1N1v-infected, 29 seasonal H1N1-infected patients and 85 control subjects) were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The percentage of HLA-G-positive T lymphocytes and monocytes among patients with H1N1v and seasonal H1N1 infections was dramatically increased compared with controls (all p < 0.001). Treg was markedly increased among H1N1v- infected patients compared with normal controls (p = 0.041), but not for the seasonal H1N1-infected patients. Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed for sHLA-G levels between the groups. Together, cell surface HLA-G expression was markedly induced in H1N1v-infected and seasonal H1N1-infected patients, and increased Treg was observed only in H1N1v-infected patients. Given its immune-suppressive property, elevated cell surface HLA-G expression may help to explain the virus escaping from host immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xiao Chen
- Human Tissue Bank, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
How do tumors actively escape from host immunosurveillance? Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2010; 58:435-48. [PMID: 20922572 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-010-0102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immunological background for the process of tumor growth is still obscure. However, our understanding of what happens could have important consequences, namely in the context of cancer immunotherapy. A tumor is able to grow in the host environment either because it is recognizable as normal tissue and tolerated by host immune cells, or because it can "escape" from host immunosurveillance. According to the second option the mechanisms of tumor recognition and consequent destruction are actively disturbed by such processes as: change of tumor immunogenicity, production of tumor-derived regulatory molecules, and interaction of cancer cells with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. The results of studies devoted to the problem of immunoregulation in the tumor environment seem to support the "escape" hypothesis.
Collapse
|
61
|
Lin A, Chen HX, Zhu CC, Zhang X, Xu HH, Zhang JG, Wang Q, Zhou WJ, Yan WH. Aberrant human leucocyte antigen-G expression and its clinical relevance in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 14:2162-71. [PMID: 19799650 PMCID: PMC3823007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical relevance of human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) has been postulated in malignancies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major contributor to cancer incidence and mortality worldwide; however, potential roles of HLA-G in HCC remain unknown. In the current study, HLA-G expression in 219 primary HCC lesions and their adjacent non-tumourous samples was analysed with immunohistochemistry. Correlations among HLA-G expression and various clinical parameters were evaluated. Meanwhile, functional analysis of transfected cell surface HLA-G expression on NK cell cytolysis was performed in vitro. HLA-G expression was observed in 50.2% (110/219) of primary HCC lesions, and undetectable in corresponding adjacent normal liver tissues. HLA-G expression was found in 37.8%, 41.9% and 71.4% of stage I, II and III HCC lesions, respectively. Data revealed that HLA-G expression in HCC was strongly correlated to advanced disease stage (I versus II, P= 0.882; I versus III, P= 0.020; II versus III, P= 0.037). HLA-G expression was also more frequently observed in elder patients (≥median 52 years, 57.5%versus 43.4%, P= 0.004). Meanwhile, plasma soluble HLA-G in HCC patients was significantly higher than that in normal controls (median, 92.49U/ml versus 9.29U/ml, P= 0.000). Functional assay showed that HLA-G expression in transfected cells could dramatically decrease the NK cell cytolysis (P= 0.036), which could be markedly restored by the blockade of HLA-G (P= 0.004) and its receptor ILT2 (P= 0.019). Our finding indicated that HLA-G expression was strongly correlated to advanced disease stage, and more frequently observed in elder patients. Its relevance to HCC progression might be result from the inhibition of NK cell cytolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lin
- Human Tissue Bank, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Ferris RL, Jaffee EM, Ferrone S. Tumor antigen-targeted, monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy: clinical response, cellular immunity, and immunoescape. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:4390-9. [PMID: 20697078 PMCID: PMC2954137 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.6360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor antigen (TA) -targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAb), rituximab, trastuzumab, and cetuximab, are clinically effective for some advanced malignancies, especially in conjunction with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. However, these results are only seen in a subset (20% to 30%) of patients. We discuss the immunologic mechanism(s) underlying these clinical findings and their potential role in the variability in patients' clinical response. METHODS We reviewed the evidence indicating that the effects of TA-targeted mAb-based immunotherapy are mediated not only by inhibition of signaling pathways, but also by cell-mediated cytotoxicity triggered by the infused TA-targeted mAb. We analyzed the immunologic variables that can influence the outcome of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro and in animal model systems. We also analyzed the correlation reported between these variables and the clinical response to mAb-based immunotherapy. RESULTS Of the variables that influence ADCC mediated by TA-targeted mAb, only polymorphisms of Fcγ receptors (FcγR) expressed by patients' lymphocytes were correlated with clinical efficacy. However, this correlation is not absolute and is not observed in all malignancies. Thus other variables may be responsible for the antitumor effects seen in mAb-treated patients. We discuss the evidence that triggering of TA-specific cellular immunity by TA-targeted mAb, in conjunction with immune escape mechanisms used by tumor cells, may contribute to the differential clinical responses to mAb-based immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Identification of the mechanism(s) underlying the clinical response of patients with cancer treated with TA-targeted mAb is crucial to optimizing their application in the clinic and to selecting the patients most likely to benefit from their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Ferris
- The Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Ave, Room 2.26b, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Gan LH, Huang LF, Zhang X, Lin A, Xu DP, Wang Q, Wang TJ, Yan WH. Tumor-specific upregulation of human leukocyte antigen–G expression in bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:899-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
64
|
Bijen CBM, Bantema-Joppe EJ, de Jong RA, Leffers N, Mourits MJE, Eggink HF, van der Zee AGJ, Hollema H, de Bock GH, Nijman HW. The prognostic role of classical and nonclassical MHC class I expression in endometrial cancer. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:1417-27. [PMID: 19728333 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate classical MHC class I and nonclassical MHC (human leukocyte antigen-G [HLA-G]) expression in a large cohort of patients with endometrial cancer, to determine the prognostic value of these cell surface markers and their relation with clinicopathological variables. Tissue microarrays containing epithelial endometrial carcinoma tissue from 554 patients were stained for classical and nonclassical MHC class I using the following monoclonal antibodies: 4H84 (anti-HLA-G), beta2-m (anti-beta-2-microglobulin) and HC-10 (MHC class I antigen heavy chain). Expression data were linked to known clinicopathological characteristics and survival. HLA-G upregulation and MHC class I downregulation in neoplastic cells was observed in 40% and 48%, respectively. Nonendometrioid tumor type, advanced stage disease (FIGO stage > or = II) and poorly or undifferentiated tumors were associated with MHC class I downregulation. Absence of HLA-G expression was independently associated with MHC class I downregulation. In univariate analysis, MHC class I downregulation was a predictor of worse disease-specific survival. Prognostic unfavorable tumor characteristics were correlated with downregulation of MHC class I expression in endometrial cancer cells. Furthermore, downregulated MHC class I has a negative impact on disease-specific survival, observed in a large cohort of patients with endometrial cancer. As there seems to be a relation between classical and nonclassical MHC class I molecules (HLA-G), further research is warranted to unravel this regulatory mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia B M Bijen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
|
66
|
Li BL, Lin A, Zhang XJ, Zhang X, Zhang JG, Wang Q, Zhou WJ, Chen HX, Wang TJ, Yan WH. Characterization of HLA-G expression in renal cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 74:213-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
67
|
Jung YW, Kim YT, Kim SW, Kim S, Kim JH, Cho NH, Kim JW. Correlation of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression and disease progression in epithelial ovarian cancer. Reprod Sci 2009; 16:1103-11. [PMID: 19692629 DOI: 10.1177/1933719109342131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression has been reported to be relevant to cancer development and immune tolerance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between HLA-G expression and disease progression and to assess the use of HLA-G expression as a prognostic immunomarker in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Human leukocyte antigen-G expression in 41 ovarian cancer tissues and 8 normal ovarian tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for HLA-G messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Human leukocyte antigen-G mRNA and protein levels were significantly greater in advanced ovarian cancer tissues than in normal or early stage ovarian cancer tissues (P < .05 and P < .05, respectively). Patients with HLA-G expression had a significantly worse prognosis. There is a significant correlation between HLA-G immunoreactivity and patient survival in univariate analysis (P = .04). Our data was consistent with the concept that HLA-G expression might play a pivotal role in the development and disease progression of epithelial ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wook Jung
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Cancer Clinic, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Zheng XQ, Zhu F, Shi WW, Lin A, Yan WH. The HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism is a putative susceptible factor for active human cytomegalovirus infection in children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 74:317-21. [PMID: 19624485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression is a potential factor for the pathogenesis of virus infection. A 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs16375) in the 3'-untranslated region of the HLA-G gene is involved in the stability of HLA-G mRNA and HLA-G protein expression. Therefore, the HLA-G 14 bp polymorphism might be involved in human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection. To test a possible association between the HLA-G 14 bp deletion/insertion polymorphism and the active hCMV infection, in this study, a total of 54 patients with active hCMV infection and 165 age- and sex-matched, unrelated, normal Chinese Han population were genotyped for the 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism. Association of 14 bp polymorphism with hCMV urine DNA copies and the odds ratio (OR) of the polymorphism as a risk factor for active hCMV infection were analyzed. Our results showed that the prevalence of -14 bp/ -14 bp genotype in active hCMV patients was markedly increased [P(c) = 0.00034, OR = 3.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.77-6.18], and similar significance was also observed for the frequency of -14 bp allele (P c = 0.0023, OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.38-3.64) when compared with that of healthy controls. Furthermore, urine hCMV DNA copies in patients with the -14 bp/ -14 bp genotype were significantly higher than those in patients with the +14 bp/ +14 bp genotype (P = 0.041). Our findings support a potential role of HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism as a susceptible factor for the active hCMV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X-Q Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Campoli M, Ferrone S. HLA antigen changes in malignant cells: epigenetic mechanisms and biologic significance. Oncogene 2008; 27:5869-85. [PMID: 18836468 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in classical and nonclassical HLA class I as well as HLA class II antigens have been identified in malignant lesions. These changes, which are described in this review are believed to play a major role in the clinical course of the disease since both HLA class I and class II antigens are critical to the interaction between tumor cells and components of both innate and adaptive immune system. Abnormalities in HLA antigen expression in malignant cells, which range in frequency from 0-90%, are caused by distinct mechanisms. They include defects in beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) synthesis, loss of the gene(s) encoding HLA antigen heavy chain(s), mutations, which inhibit HLA antigen heavy chain transcription or translation, defects in the regulatory mechanisms, which control HLA antigen expression and/or abnormalities in one or more of the antigen processing, machinery (APM) components. More recently, epigenetic events associated with tumor development and progression have been found to underlie changes in HLA antigen, APM component, costimulatory molecule and tumor antigen (TA) expression in malignant cells. The types of epigenetic modifications that may occur in normal and malignant cells as well as their role in changes in HLA antigen expression by malignant cells have been reviewed. The epigenetic events associated with alterations in HLA antigen expression may be clinically relevant as, in some cases, they have been shown to impair the recognition of tumor cells by components of the adaptive immune system. The functional relevance and potential clinical significance of these epigenetic alterations have been addressed. Finally, unlike genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications can, in some cases, be reversed with pharmacologic agents that induce DNA hypomethylation or inhibit histone deacetylation. Therefore, strategies to overcome epigenetic modifications underlying changes in HLA antigen expression in malignant cells have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Campoli
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Yan WH, Lin A, Chen BG, Luo WD, Dai MZ, Chen XJ, Xu HH, Li BL. Unfavourable clinical implications for HLA-G expression in acute myeloid leukaemia. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 12:889-98. [PMID: 18494931 PMCID: PMC4401132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) molecule exerts multiple immunoregulatory functions that have been suggested to contribute to the immune evasion of tumour cells. Studies on HLA-G expression in malignant haematopoietic diseases are controversial, and the functions of HLA-G on this context are limited. In the current study, HLA-G expression was analysed in different types of patients: de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML, n = 54), B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL, n= 13), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML, n= 9) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, n= 11). HLA-G expression was observed in 18.5% cases of AML, 22.2% in CML and 18.2% in MDS, but not in B-ALL patients. In AML, HLA-G-positive patients had a significant higher bone marrow leukaemic blast cell percentage when compared with that of HLA-G-negative patients (P < 0.01). Total T-cell percentage was dramatically decreased in HLA-G-positive patients (P < 0.05). Cytogenetic karyotyping results showed that all HLA-G-positive AML patients (n= 5) were cytogenetically abnormal, which was markedly different from that of HLA-G-negative patients (P < 0.01). Ex vivo cytotoxicity analysis revealed that HLA-G expression in AML leukaemic cells could directly inhibit NK cell cytolysis (P < 0.01). These findings indicated that HLA-G expression in AML is of unfavourable clinical implications, and that HLA-G could be a potential target for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-H Yan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang province, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Chen XY, Yan WH, Lin A, Xu HH, Zhang JG, Wang XX. The 14 bp deletion polymorphisms in HLA-G gene play an important role in the expression of soluble HLA-G in plasma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 72:335-41. [PMID: 18700878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) functions as a multiple immunoregulator. A 14 bp insertion (+14 bp)/deletion (-14 bp) polymorphism in exon 8 of the HLA-G gene has been proposed to be associated with HLA-G mRNA stability and the expression of HLA-G. In the current study, a total of 150 normal Chinese Han population had been genotyped for the +14 bp/-14 bp polymorphism, and the expression of plasma sHLA-G was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in these case-matched plasma. Data showed that genotype of 14 bp polymorphism was significantly associated with sHLA-G expression. Plasma sHLA-G level with the +14 bp/+14 bp genotype was dramatically lower than that with +14 bp/-14 bp (P = 0.004) and -14 bp/-14 bp genotypes (P = 0.003), while no dramatic difference was observed between the +14 bp/-14 bp and -14 bp/-14 bp genotypes (P > 0.05). In both males and females, plasma sHLA-G with the +14 bp/+14 bp genotype was also significantly lower when compared with other two respective 14 bp genotypes. Data also showed that sHLA-G expression was unrelated to gender. This study suggests that the 14 bp deletion polymorphism in the HLA-G gene plays an important role in sHLA-G expression and that interpretation of the potential biological functions of sHLA-G should be made with caution, taking the polymorphism into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X-Y Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Menendez L, Walker LD, Matyunina LV, Totten KA, Benigno BB, McDonald JF. Epigenetic changes within the promoter region of the HLA-G gene in ovarian tumors. Mol Cancer 2008; 7:43. [PMID: 18498645 PMCID: PMC2429914 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-7-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous findings have suggested that epigenetic-mediated HLA-G expression in tumor cells may be associated with resistance to host immunosurveillance. To explore the potential role of DNA methylation on HLA-G expression in ovarian cancer, we correlated differences in HLA-G expression with methylation changes within the HLA-G regulatory region in an ovarian cancer cell line treated with 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and in malignant and benign ovarian tumor samples and ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSE) isolated from patients with normal ovaries. Results A region containing an intact hypoxia response element (HRE) remained completely methylated in the cell line after treatment with 5-aza-dC and was completely methylated in all of the ovarian tumor (malignant and benign) samples examined, but only variably methylated in normal OSE samples. HLA-G expression was significantly increased in the 5-aza-dC treated cell line but no significant difference was detected between the tumor and OSE samples examined. Conclusion Since HRE is the binding site of a known repressor of HLA-G expression (HIF-1), we hypothesize that methylation of the region surrounding the HRE may help maintain the potential for expression of HLA-G in ovarian tumors. The fact that no correlation exists between methylation and HLA-G gene expression between ovarian tumor samples and OSE, suggests that changes in methylation may be necessary but not sufficient for HLA-G expression in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Menendez
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Yan WH, Lin A, Li M, Xu HH, Zhang ZP, Wang XX. Analysis of the 14 bp insertion and deletion polymorphism in human leukocyte antigen-G gene in two Chinese ethnic populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 71:227-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|