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Zhang ZF, Chen J, Han X, Zhang Y, Liao HB, Lei RX, Zhuang Y, Wang ZF, Li Z, Chen JC, Liao WJ, Zhou HB, Liu F, Wan Q. Bisperoxovandium (pyridin-2-squaramide) targets both PTEN and ERK1/2 to confer neuroprotection. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:641-656. [PMID: 28127755 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We and others have shown that inhibiting phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) or activating ERK1/2 confer neuroprotection. As bisperoxovanadium compounds are well-established inhibitors of PTEN, we designed bisperoxovandium (pyridin-2-squaramide) [bpV(pis)] and determined whether and how bpV(pis) exerts a neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Malachite green-based phosphatase assay was used to measure PTEN activity. A western blot assay was used to measure the phosphorylation level of Akt and ERK1/2 (p-Akt and p-ERK1/2). Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to injure cultured cortical neurons. Cell death and viability were assessed by LDH and MTT assays. To verify the effects of bpV(pis) in vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, and brain infarct volume was measured and neurological function tests performed. KEY RESULTS bpV(pis) inhibited PTEN activity and increased p-Akt in SH-SY5Y cells but not in PTEN-deleted U251 cells. bpV(pis) also elevated p-ERK1/2 in both SH-SY5Y and U251 cells. These data indicate that bpV(pis) enhances Akt activation through PTEN inhibition but increases ERK1/2 activation independently of PTEN signalling. bpV(pis) prevented OGD-induced neuronal death in vitro and reduced brain infarct volume and promoted functional recovery in stroke animals. This neuroprotective effect of bpV(pis) was blocked by inhibiting Akt and/or ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS bpV(pis) confers neuroprotection in OGD-induced injury in vitro and in cerebral ischaemia in vivo by suppressing PTEN and activating ERK1/2. Thus, bpV(pis) is a bi-target neuroprotectant that may be developed as a drug candidate for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua-Bao Liao
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui-Xue Lei
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhuang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Brain Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Cao Chen
- Brain Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Jing Liao
- Brain Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Fang Liu
- Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Departments of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Brain Centre, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Nguyen LH, Gao M, Lin J, Wu W, Wang J, Chew SY. Three-dimensional aligned nanofibers-hydrogel scaffold for controlled non-viral drug/gene delivery to direct axon regeneration in spinal cord injury treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42212. [PMID: 28169354 PMCID: PMC5294639 DOI: 10.1038/srep42212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) often lead to persistent neurological dysfunction due to failure in axon regeneration. Unfortunately, currently established treatments, such as direct drug administration, do not effectively treat SCI due to rapid drug clearance from our bodies. Here, we introduce a three-dimensional aligned nanofibers-hydrogel scaffold as a bio-functionalized platform to provide sustained non-viral delivery of proteins and nucleic acid therapeutics (small non-coding RNAs), along with synergistic contact guidance for nerve injury treatment. A hemi-incision model at cervical level 5 in the rat spinal cord was chosen to evaluate the efficacy of this scaffold design. Specifically, aligned axon regeneration was observed as early as one week post-injury. In addition, no excessive inflammatory response and scar tissue formation was triggered. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential of our scaffold for neural tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huong Nguyen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Mingyong Gao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Junquan Lin
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Wutian Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Center of Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
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VEGF-B promotes recovery of corneal innervations and trophic functions in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40582. [PMID: 28091556 PMCID: PMC5238415 DOI: 10.1038/srep40582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-B possesses the capacity of promoting injured peripheral nerve regeneration and restore their sensory and trophic functions. However, the contribution and mechanism of VEGF-B in diabetic peripheral neuropathy remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the expression and role of VEGF-B in diabetic corneal neuropathy by using type 1 diabetic mice and cultured trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. Hyperglycemia attenuated the endogenous expression of VEGF-B in regenerated diabetic corneal epithelium, but not that of VEGF receptors in diabetic TG neurons and axons. Exogenous VEGF-B promoted diabetic corneal nerve fiber regeneration through the reactivation of PI-3K/Akt-GSK3β-mTOR signaling and the attenuation of neuronal mitochondria dysfunction via the VEGF receptor-1 and neuropilin-1. Moreover, VEGF-B improved corneal sensation and epithelial regeneration in both normal and diabetic mice, accompanied with the elevated corneal content of pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF). PEDF blockade partially abolished trophic function of VEGF-B in diabetic corneal re-innervation. In conclusion, hyperglycemia suppressed endogenous VEGF-B expression in regenerated corneal epithelium of diabetic mice, while exogenous VEGF-B promoted recovery of corneal innervations and trophic functions through reactivating PI-3K/Akt-GSK-3β-mTOR signaling, attenuating neuronal oxidative stress and elevating PEDF expression.
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Sango K, Mizukami H, Horie H, Yagihashi S. Impaired Axonal Regeneration in Diabetes. Perspective on the Underlying Mechanism from In Vivo and In Vitro Experimental Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:12. [PMID: 28203223 PMCID: PMC5285379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury is impaired in diabetes, but its precise mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this paper, we summarize the progress of research on altered axonal regeneration in animal models of diabetes and cultured nerve tissues exposed to hyperglycemia. Impaired nerve regeneration in animal diabetes can be attributed to dysfunction of neurons and Schwann cells, unfavorable stromal environment supportive of regenerating axons, and alterations of target tissues receptive to reinnervation. In particular, there are a number of factors such as enhanced activity of the negative regulators of axonal regeneration (e.g., phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 and Rho/Rho kinase), delayed Wallerian degeneration, alterations of the extracellular matrix components, enhanced binding of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) with the receptor for AGE, and delayed muscle reinnervation that can be obstacles to functional recovery after an axonal injury. It is also noteworthy that we and others have observed excessive neurite outgrowth from peripheral sensory ganglion explants from streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice in culture and enhanced regeneration of small nerve fibers after sciatic nerve injury in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The excess of abortive neurite outgrowth may lead to misconnections of axons and target organs, which may interfere with appropriate target reinnervation and functional repair. Amelioration of perturbed nerve regeneration may be crucial for the future management of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazunori Sango,
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | | | - Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Yan T, Venkat P, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Ning R, Roberts C, Zhang Y, Lu M, Chen J. Neurorestorative Responses to Delayed Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Treatment of Stroke in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Stroke 2016; 47:2850-2858. [PMID: 27729575 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.014686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Comorbidity of diabetes mellitus and stroke results in worse functional outcome, poor long-term recovery, and extensive vascular damage. We investigated the neurorestorative effects and mechanisms of stroke treatment with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were induced with T2DM, subjected to 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and treated via tail-vein injection with (1) PBS (n=8) and (2) hMSCs (n=10; 5×106) at 3 days after MCAo. RESULTS In T2DM rats, hMSCs administered at 3 days after MCAo significantly improves neurological function without affecting blood glucose, infarct volume, and incidence of brain hemorrhage in comparison to T2DM-MCAo PBS-treated rats. Delayed hMSC treatment of T2DM stroke significantly improves blood-brain barrier integrity, increases vascular and arterial density and cerebral vascular perfusion, and promotes neuroblast cell migration and white matter remodeling as indicated by increased doublecortin, axon, myelin, and neurofilament density, respectively. Delayed hMSC treatment significantly increases platelet-derived growth factor expression in the ischemic brain, decreases proinflammatory M1 macrophage and increases anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage compared to PBS-treated T2DM-MCAo rats. In vitro data show that hMSCs increase subventricular zone explant cell migration and primary cortical neuron neurite outgrowth, whereas inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor decreases hMSC-induced subventricular zone cell migration and axonal outgrowth. CONCLUSIONS In T2DM stroke rats, delayed hMSC treatment significantly improves neurological functional outcome and increases neurorestorative effects and M2 macrophage polarization. Increasing brain platelet-derived growth factor expression may contribute to hMSC-induced neurorestoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- From the Tianjin Neurological and Gerontology Institute, Department of Neurology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology (T.Y., P.V., M.C., A.Z., R.N., C.R., Y.Z., J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Poornima Venkat
- From the Tianjin Neurological and Gerontology Institute, Department of Neurology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology (T.Y., P.V., M.C., A.Z., R.N., C.R., Y.Z., J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Michael Chopp
- From the Tianjin Neurological and Gerontology Institute, Department of Neurology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology (T.Y., P.V., M.C., A.Z., R.N., C.R., Y.Z., J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Alex Zacharek
- From the Tianjin Neurological and Gerontology Institute, Department of Neurology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology (T.Y., P.V., M.C., A.Z., R.N., C.R., Y.Z., J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Ruizhuo Ning
- From the Tianjin Neurological and Gerontology Institute, Department of Neurology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology (T.Y., P.V., M.C., A.Z., R.N., C.R., Y.Z., J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Cynthia Roberts
- From the Tianjin Neurological and Gerontology Institute, Department of Neurology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology (T.Y., P.V., M.C., A.Z., R.N., C.R., Y.Z., J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- From the Tianjin Neurological and Gerontology Institute, Department of Neurology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology (T.Y., P.V., M.C., A.Z., R.N., C.R., Y.Z., J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Mei Lu
- From the Tianjin Neurological and Gerontology Institute, Department of Neurology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology (T.Y., P.V., M.C., A.Z., R.N., C.R., Y.Z., J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Jieli Chen
- From the Tianjin Neurological and Gerontology Institute, Department of Neurology of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology (T.Y., P.V., M.C., A.Z., R.N., C.R., Y.Z., J.C.) and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.).
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Mundinger TO, Taborsky GJ. Early sympathetic islet neuropathy in autoimmune diabetes: lessons learned and opportunities for investigation. Diabetologia 2016; 59:2058-67. [PMID: 27342407 PMCID: PMC6214182 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines the current state of knowledge regarding a unique neural defect of the pancreatic islet in autoimmune diabetes, one that we have termed early sympathetic islet neuropathy (eSIN). We begin with the findings that a majority of islet sympathetic nerves are lost near the onset of type 1, but not type 2, diabetes and that this nerve loss is restricted to the islet. We discuss later work demonstrating that while the loss of islet sympathetic nerves and the loss of islet beta cells in type 1 diabetes both require infiltration of the islet by lymphocytes, their respective mechanisms of tissue destruction differ. Uniquely, eSIN requires the activation of a specific neurotrophin receptor and we propose two possible pathways for activation of this receptor during the immune attack on the islet. We also outline what is known about the functional consequences of eSIN, focusing on impairment of sympathetically mediated glucagon secretion and its application to the clinical problem of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Finally, we offer our view on the important remaining questions regarding this unique neural defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Mundinger
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
| | - Gerald J Taborsky
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
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Chen J, Zhuang Y, Zhang ZF, Wang S, Jin P, He C, Hu PC, Wang ZF, Li ZQ, Xia GM, Li G, Wang Y, Wan Q. Glycine confers neuroprotection through microRNA-301a/PTEN signaling. Mol Brain 2016; 9:59. [PMID: 27230112 PMCID: PMC4880874 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycine is known to protect against neuronal death. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The microRNA-301a is involved in both biological and pathological processes. But it is not known whether microRNA-301a has a neuroprotective property. In this study, we aimed to determine whether glycine-induced neuroprotection requires microRNA-301a-dependent signaling. Results We provided the first evidence that glycine increased the expression of microRNA-301a in cultured rat cortical neurons and protected against cortical neuronal death through up-regulation of microRNA-301a after oxygen-glucose deprivation. MicroRNA-301a directly bound the predicted 3′UTR target sites of PTEN and reduced PTEN expression in cortical neurons. We revealed that PTEN down-regulation by microRNA-301a mediated glycine-induced neuroprotective effect following oxygen-glucose deprivation. Conclusions Our results suggest that 1) microRNA-301a is neuroprotective in oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury; 2) glycine is an upstream regulator of microRNA-301a; 3) glycine confers neuroprotection through microRNA-301a/PTEN signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yang Zhuang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ping Jin
- Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chunjiang He
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Peng-Chao Hu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 169 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Guang-Ming Xia
- Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Huanggang, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Huanggang, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 169 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Zochodne DW. Sensory Neurodegeneration in Diabetes: Beyond Glucotoxicity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 127:151-80. [PMID: 27133149 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy in humans is of gradual, sometimes insidious onset, and is more likely to occur if glucose control is poor. Arguments that the disorder arises chiefly from glucose toxicity however ignore the greater complexity of a unique neurodegenerative disorder. For example, sensory neurons regularly thrive in media with levels of glucose at or exceeding those of poorly controlled diabetic persons. Also, all of the linkages between hyperglycemia and neuropathy develop in the setting of altered insulin availability or sensitivity. Insulin itself is recognized as a potent growth, or trophic factor for adult sensory neurons. Low doses of insulin, insufficient to alter blood glucose levels, reverse features of diabetic neurodegeneration in animal models. Insulin resistance, as occurs in diabetic adipose tissue, liver, and muscle, also develops in sensory neurons, offering a mechanism for neurodegeneration in the setting of normal or elevated insulin levels. Other interventions that "shore up" sensory neurons prevent features of diabetic polyneuropathy from developing despite persistent hyperglycemia. More recently evidence has emerged that a series of subtle molecular changes in sensory neurons can be linked to neurodegeneration including epigenetic changes in the control of gene expression. Understanding the new complexity of sensory neuron degeneration may give rise to therapeutic strategies that have a higher chance of success in the clinical trial arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Zochodne
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Pulido R. PTEN: a yin-yang master regulator protein in health and disease. Methods 2016; 77-78:3-10. [PMID: 25843297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The PTEN gene is a tumor suppressor gene frequently mutated in human tumors, which encodes a ubiquitous protein whose major activity is to act as a lipid phosphatase that counteracts the action of the oncogenic PI3K. In addition, PTEN displays protein phosphatase- and catalytically-independent activities. The physiologic control of PTEN function, and its inactivation in cancer and other human diseases, including some neurodevelopmental disorders, is upon the action of multiple regulatory mechanisms. This provides a wide spectrum of potential therapeutic approaches to reconstitute PTEN activity. By contrast, inhibition of PTEN function may be beneficial in a different group of human diseases, such as type 2 diabetes or neuroregeneration-related pathologies. This makes PTEN a functionally dual yin-yang protein with high potential in the clinics. Here, a brief overview on PTEN and its relation with human disease is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pulido
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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Selective inhibition of PTEN preserves ischaemic post-conditioning cardioprotection in STZ-induced Type 1 diabetic rats: role of the PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 130:377-92. [PMID: 26666444 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are vulnerable to MI/R (myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion) injury, but are not responsive to IPostC (ischaemic post-conditioning) which activates PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt (also known as PKB or protein kinase B) and JAK2 (Janus kinase 2)/STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) pathways to confer cardioprotection. We hypothesized that increased cardiac PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), a major negative regulator of PI3K/Akt, is responsible for the loss of diabetic heart sensitivity to IPostC cardioprotecton. In STZ (streptozotocin)-induced Type 1 diabetic rats subjected to MI/R (30 min coronary occlusion and 120 min reperfusion), the post-ischaemic myocardial infarct size, CK-MB (creatine kinase-MB) and 15-F2t-isoprostane release, as well as cardiac PTEN expression were significantly higher than those in non-diabetic controls, concomitant with more severe cardiac dysfunction and lower cardiac Akt, STAT3 and GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) phosphorylation. IPostC significantly attenuated post-ischaemic infarct size, decreased PTEN expression and further increased Akt, STAT3 and GSK-3β phosphorylation in non-diabetic, but not in diabetic rats. Application of the PTEN inhibitor BpV (bisperoxovanadium) (1.0 mg/kg) restored IPostC cardioprotection in diabetic rats. HPostC (hypoxic post-conditioning) in combination with PTEN gene knockdown, but not HPostC alone, significantly reduced H/R (hypoxia/reoxygenation) injury in cardiac H9c2 cells exposed to high glucose as was evident from reduced apoptotic cell death and JC-1 monomer in cells, accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3 and GSK-3β. PTEN inhibition/gene knockdown mediated restoration of IPostC/HPostC cardioprotection was completely reversed by the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, and partially reversed by the JAK2 inhibitor AG490. Increased cardiac PTEN, by impairing PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways, is a major mechanism that rendered diabetic hearts not responsive to post-conditioning cardioprotection.
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Abstract
The intrinsic growth ability of all the neurons declines during development although some may grow better than others. Numerous intracellular signaling proteins and transcription factors have been shown to regulate the intrinsic growth capacity in mature neurons. Among them, PI3 kinase/Akt pathway is important for controlling axon elongation. As a negative regulator of this pathway, the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) appears critical to control the regenerative ability of young and adult neurons. This review will focus on recent research progress in axon regeneration and neural repair by PTEN inhibition and therapeutic potential of blocking this phosphatase for neurological disorders. Inhibition of PTEN by deletion in conditional knockout mice, knockdown by short-hairpin RNA, or blockade by pharmacological approaches, including administration of selective PTEN antagonist peptides, stimulates various degrees of axon regrowth in juvenile or adult rodents with central nervous system injuries. Importantly, post-injury PTEN suppression could enhance axonal growth and functional recovery in adult central nervous system after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ohtake
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Umar Hayat
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shuxin Li
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Martinez JA, Kobayashi M, Krishnan A, Webber C, Christie K, Guo G, Singh V, Zochodne DW. Intrinsic facilitation of adult peripheral nerve regeneration by the Sonic hedgehog morphogen. Exp Neurol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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63
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Singh B, Krishnan A, Micu I, Koshy K, Singh V, Martinez JA, Koshy D, Xu F, Chandrasekhar A, Dalton C, Syed N, Stys PK, Zochodne DW. Peripheral neuron plasticity is enhanced by brief electrical stimulation and overrides attenuated regrowth in experimental diabetes. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 83:134-51. [PMID: 26297317 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve regrowth is less robust than commonly assumed, particularly when it accompanies common clinical scenarios such as diabetes mellitus. Brief extracellular electrical stimulation (ES) facilitates the regeneration of peripheral nerves in part through early activation of the conditioning injury response and BDNF. Here, we explored intrinsic neuronal responses to ES to identify whether ES might impact experimental diabetes, where regeneration is attenuated. ES altered several regeneration related molecules including rises in tubulin, Shh (Sonic hedgehog) and GAP43 mRNAs. ES was associated with rises in neuronal intracellular calcium but its strict linkage to regrowth was not confirmed. In contrast, we identified PI3K-PTEN involvement, an association previously linked to diabetic regenerative impairment. Following ES there were declines in PTEN protein and mRNA both in vitro and in vivo and a PI3K inhibitor blocked its action. In vitro, isolated diabetic neurons were capable of mounting robust responsiveness to ES. In vivo, ES improved electrophysiological and behavioral indices of nerve regrowth in a chronic diabetic model of mice with pre-existing neuropathy. Regrowth of myelinated axons and reinnervation of the epidermis were greater following ES than sham stimulation. Taken together, these findings identify a role for ES in supporting regeneration during the challenges of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Singh
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - A Krishnan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Neurosciences and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - I Micu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - K Koshy
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - V Singh
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - J A Martinez
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - D Koshy
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - F Xu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - A Chandrasekhar
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Neurosciences and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - C Dalton
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - N Syed
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - P K Stys
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - D W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Neurosciences and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Krishnan A, Duraikannu A, Zochodne DW. Releasing 'brakes' to nerve regeneration: intrinsic molecular targets. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 43:297-308. [PMID: 26174154 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Restoring critical neuronal architecture after peripheral nerve injury is challenging. Although immediate regenerative responses to peripheral axon injury involve the synthesis of regeneration-associated proteins in neurons and Schwann cells, an unfavorable balance between growth facilitatory and growth inhibitory signaling impairs the growth continuum of injured peripheral nerves. Molecules involved with the signaling network of tumor suppressors play crucial roles in shifting the balance between growth and restraint during axon regeneration. An understanding of the molecular framework of tumor suppressor molecules in injured neurons and its impact on stage-specific regeneration events may expose therapeutic intervention points. In this review we discuss how signaling networks of the specific tumor suppressors PTEN, Rb1, p53, p27 and p21 are altered in injured peripheral nerves and how this impacts peripheral nerve regeneration. Insights into the roles and importance of these pathways may open new avenues for improving the neurological deficits associated with nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan
- Division of Neurology & Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 7-123A Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Arul Duraikannu
- Division of Neurology & Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 7-123A Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology & Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 7-123A Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
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Zochodne DW. Diabetes and the plasticity of sensory neurons. Neurosci Lett 2015; 596:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lin YC, Kao CH, Chen CC, Ke CJ, Yao CH, Chen YS. Time-course effect of electrical stimulation on nerve regeneration of diabetic rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116711. [PMID: 25689049 PMCID: PMC4331087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to promote nerve regeneration in rats with experimental diabetes induced using streptozotocin (STZ). However, the time-course effect of ES on nerve regeneration of diabetic animals has not been reported in previous studies. The present study attempted to examine the effect of different timing of ES after peripheral nerve transection in diabetic rats. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. They were classified into five groups. STZ-induced diabetes was created in groups A to D. Normal animals in group E were used as the non-diabetic controls. The sciatic nerve was transected and repaired using a silicone rubber conduit across a 10-mm gap in all groups. Groups A to C received ES for 15 minutes every other day for 2 weeks. Stimulation was initiated on day 1 following the nerve repair for group A, day 8 for group B, and day 15 for group C. The diabetic control group D and the normal control group E received no ES. At 30 days after surgery in group A, histological evaluations showed a higher success percentage of regeneration across the 10-mm nerve gap, and the electrophysiological results showed significantly larger mean values of evoked muscle action potential area and amplitude of the reinnervated gastrocnemius muscle compared with group D. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE It is concluded that an immediate onset of ES may improve the functional recovery of large nerve defect in diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Lin
- Lab of Biomaterials, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hong Kao
- Lab of Biomaterials, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chia Chen
- Lab of Biomaterials, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Linsen (Chinese Medicine) Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cherng-Jyh Ke
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Lab of Biomaterials, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- Lab of Biomaterials, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Wufeng District, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Is Cytoplasmic PTEN a Specific Target for Neuronal Survival? Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1758-1764. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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68
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Chen X, Yin Y, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Yu X, Wang H. Ultrasound imaging of chitosan nerve conduits that bridge sciatic nerve defects in rats. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1386-8. [PMID: 25221596 PMCID: PMC4160870 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.137592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Doppler Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yifei Yin
- Department of Doppler Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Doppler Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yahong Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Yu
- Department of Doppler Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongkui Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Abstract
Neurons choose growth pathways with half hearted reluctance, behavior that may be appropriate to maintain fixed long lasting connections but not to regenerate them. We now recognize that intrinsic brakes on regrowth are widely expressed in these hesitant neurons and include classical tumor suppressor molecules. Here, we review how two brakes, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) and retinoblastoma emerge as new and exciting knockdown targets to enhance neuron plasticity and improve outcome from damage or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Zochodne
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical
Neurosciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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70
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Tolkovsky AM. Is PTEN hyperactivity behind poor regeneration in diabetic neuropathy? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:977-8. [PMID: 24648055 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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