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Litwińska Z, Machaliński B. miRNAs in chronic myeloid leukemia: small molecules, essential function. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1297-1305. [PMID: 27736267 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1243676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder associated with clonal expansion of cancerous bone marrow stem cells. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting Bcr-Abl oncoprotein are the first-line therapy for most CML patients, however, some are unresponsive to it or develop resistance. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the progression of CML and the development of TKI resistance based on their important regulatory function in cell homeostasis. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Since microRNAs can function either as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in leukemogenesis, the potential of using them as therapeutic targets by inhibiting or amplifying their activity, opens up new opportunities for leukemia therapy. In this review, we focus on recent studies on the important roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of CML and their relevance as biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Litwińska
- a Department of General Pathology , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- a Department of General Pathology , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
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52
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Jiang Y, Chen J, Yue C, Zhang H, Chen T. Trichloroethylene-Induced DNA Methylation Changes in Male F344 Rat Liver. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1773-1777. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology
and Basic Medical Sciences, ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, §Department of Toxicology,
School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiahong Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology
and Basic Medical Sciences, ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, §Department of Toxicology,
School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Cong Yue
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology
and Basic Medical Sciences, ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, §Department of Toxicology,
School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology
and Basic Medical Sciences, ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, §Department of Toxicology,
School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology
and Basic Medical Sciences, ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, §Department of Toxicology,
School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Combined expression of miR-34a and Smac mediated by oncolytic vaccinia virus synergistically promote anti-tumor effects in Multiple Myeloma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32174. [PMID: 27552933 PMCID: PMC5001249 DOI: 10.1038/srep32174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite great progress made in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), it is still incurable. Promising phase II clinical results have been reported recently for oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) clinic therapeutics. One reason for this has focused on the critical therapeutic importance of the immune response raised by these viruses. However, few studies have performed their applications as an optimal delivery system for therapeutic gene, especially miRNA in MM. In this study, we constructed two novel OVVs (TK deletion) that express anti-tumor genes, miR-34a and Smac, respectively, in MM cell lines and xenograft model. The results demonstrated that the novel OVV can effectively infect MM cell lines, and forcefully enhance the exogenous gene (miR-34a or Smac) expression. Furthermore, utilization of VV-miR-34a combined with VV-Smac synergistically inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanism is proposed that blocking of Bcl-2 by VV-miR-34a increases the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and then synergistically amplifies the antitumor effects of Smac-induced cell apoptosis. Our study is the first to utilize OVV as the vector for miR-34a or Smac expression to treat MM, and lays the groundwork for future clinical therapy for MM.
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Abstract
AXIN2, an important regulator in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, takes part in regulating cell proliferation, cytometaplasia, migration, apoptosis and other important functions, has showed close relations with the development of liver cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and so on. The epigenetic regulation provides new insights for further exploring the pathogenesis of tumor. In this paper, the roles of AXIN2 in tumorigenesis, AXIN2 methylation, ubiquitination and siRNA/RNA regulation will be reviewed.
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HAFSI SAMEH, CANDIDO SAVERIO, MAESTRO ROBERTA, FALZONE LUCA, SOUA ZORA, BONAVIDA BENJAMIN, SPANDIDOS DEMETRIOSA, LIBRA MASSIMO. Correlation between the overexpression of Yin Yang 1 and the expression levels of miRNAs in Burkitt's lymphoma: A computational study. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1021-1025. [PMID: 26893685 PMCID: PMC4734029 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.4031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have highlighted the role of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in the development and progression of cancer. In particular, the aberrant expression of cancer-related proteins, such as oncogenes and tumor suppressors has been shown to correlate with the modulation of the expression of specific miRNAs. In the present study, we aimed to determine which downregulated miRNAs may be involved in modulating the expression of the oncogenic transcription factor, Yin Yang 1 (YY1). YY1 has been reported to be overexpressed in several malignancies and our previous studies have highlighted the significant correlation between the levels of YY1 and aggressive behavior in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). A total of 57 miRNAs that are potentially capable of targeting YY1 was identified through in silico approaches. The search of publicly available NHL datasets, including paired mRNA and miRNA data (GSE23026) highlighted a significant correlation (Pearson's correlation, r>0.5) between the expression levels of YY1 and the expression levels of a limited set of miRNAs, including miR-363, miR-200a, miR-23b, miR-15a and miR-15b. Intriguingly, both hsa-miR-363 and hsa-miR-200a belong to the top 20 miRNAs that were found to be downregulated in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) tissue compared to normal tissue. Although further validation studies are warranted, the identification of these two miRNAs associated with the upregulation of YY1 in BL may provide further insight into the pathogenesis of this tumor and may contribute to more personalized and targeted treatment approaches for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- SAMEH HAFSI
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General and Clinical Pathology, and Oncology, University of Catania, I-95124 Catania, Italy
- U.R. Molecular Biology of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
| | - SAVERIO CANDIDO
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General and Clinical Pathology, and Oncology, University of Catania, I-95124 Catania, Italy
| | - ROBERTA MAESTRO
- Experimental Oncology 1, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, I-33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - LUCA FALZONE
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General and Clinical Pathology, and Oncology, University of Catania, I-95124 Catania, Italy
| | - ZORA SOUA
- U.R. Molecular Biology of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
| | - BENJAMIN BONAVIDA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - DEMETRIOS A. SPANDIDOS
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - MASSIMO LIBRA
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General and Clinical Pathology, and Oncology, University of Catania, I-95124 Catania, Italy
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Tuna M, Machado AS, Calin GA. Genetic and epigenetic alterations of microRNAs and implications for human cancers and other diseases. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:193-214. [PMID: 26651018 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a well-studied group of noncoding RNAs that control gene expression by interacting mainly with messenger RNA. It is known that miRNAs and their biogenesis regulatory machineries have crucial roles in multiple cell processes; thus, alterations in these genes often lead to disease, such as cancer. Disruption of these genes can occur through epigenetic and genetic alterations, resulting in aberrant expression of miRNAs and subsequently of their target genes. This review focuses on the disruption of miRNAs and their key regulatory machineries by genetic alterations, with emphasis on mutations and epigenetic changes in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaffe Tuna
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Andreia S Machado
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Saito Y, Nakaoka T, Saito H. microRNA-34a as a Therapeutic Agent against Human Cancer. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1951-9. [PMID: 26580663 PMCID: PMC4663478 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that down-regulate expression of various target genes. Cancer-related miRNAs are aberrantly expressed and act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes during carcinogenesis. We and other researchers have demonstrated that important tumor suppressor miRNAs are silenced by epigenetic alterations, resulting in the activation of target oncogenes in cancer cells. miR-34a was identified as a target of p53 and induces a G1 cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. miR-34a is an important tumor suppressor whose expression is epigenetically silenced in various human cancers. Enforced expression of miR-34a induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inhibits cell proliferation of cancer stem cells. Epigenetic therapy with chromatin-modifying drugs such as inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylase has shown clinical promise for the treatment of malignancies. Restoring of miR-34a expression by epigenetic therapy and/or delivery of miR-34a mimics may be a promising therapeutic strategy against human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Saito
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Nakaoka
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Hidetsugu Saito
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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58
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Liu H, French BA, Li J, Tillman B, French SW. Altered regulation of miR-34a and miR-483-3p in alcoholic hepatitis and DDC fed mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:552-7. [PMID: 26403328 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the untranslated regions of their target mRNAs. Deregulation of miRNAs is shown to play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and progression. Mallory-Denk Bodies (MDBs) are prevalent in various liver diseases including alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and are formed in mice livers by feeding DDC. By comparing AH livers where MDBs had formed with normal livers, there were significant changes of miR-34a and miR-483-3p by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses. Real-time PCR further shows a 3- and 6-fold upregulation (respectively) of miR-34a in the AH livers and in the livers of DDC re-fed mice, while miR-483-3p was significantly downregulated in AH and DDC re-fed mice livers. This indicates that miR-34a and miR-483-3p may be crucial for liver MDB formation. P53 mRNA was found to be significantly downregulated both in the AH livers and in the livers of DDC re-fed mice, indicating that the upregulation of miR-34a is permitted by the decrease of p53 in AH since miR-34a is a main target of p53. Overexpression of miR-34a leads to an increase of p53 targets such as p27, which inhibits the cell cycle leading to cell cycle arrest. Importantly, BRCA1 is a target gene of miR-483-3p by RNA-Seq analyses and the downregulation of miR-483-3p may be the mechanism for liver MDB formation since the BRCA1 signal was markedly upregulated in AH livers. These results constitute a demonstration of the altered regulation of miR-34a and miR-483-3p in the livers of AH and mice fed DDC where MDBs formed, providing further insight into the mechanism of MDB formation mediated by miR-34a and miR-483-3p in AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Barbara A French
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Brittany Tillman
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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Wong KY, Chim CS. DNA methylation of tumor suppressor protein-coding and non-coding genes in multiple myeloma. Epigenomics 2015; 7:985-1001. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable hematological malignancy arising from immortalized plasma cells in the bone marrow. DNA methylation refers to the catalytic addition of a methyl group to the cytosine ring of a CpG dinucleotide. Methylation of a promoter-associated CpG island, a cluster of CpG dinucleotides, may lead to silencing of the associated gene. In carcinogenesis, methylation of protein-coding or non-coding tumor suppressor genes/miRNAs is associated with transcriptional silencing, loss of tumor suppressor function and prognostic significance. This review first introduces pathogenesis of myeloma and DNA methylation in cancer. Then, it summarizes methylation of protein-coding tumor suppressor genes, especially, the latest genome-wide methylation studies in myeloma, followed by the latest findings of methylation of non-coding tumor suppressor miRNAs in myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Yeung Wong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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60
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Yim RL, Wong KY, Kwong YL, Loong F, Leung CY, Chu R, Lam WWL, Hui PK, Lai R, Chim CS. Methylation of miR-155-3p in mantle cell lymphoma and other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9770-82. [PMID: 25211095 PMCID: PMC4259436 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In cancers, tumor suppressive microRNAs may be silenced by DNA hypermethylation. By microRNA profiling of representative EBV-negative MCL cell lines before and after demethylation treatment, miR-155-3p was found significantly restored. Methylation-specific PCR, verified by pyrosequencing, showed complete methylation of miR-155-3p in one MCL cell line (REC-1). 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment of REC-1 led to demethylation and re-expression of miR-155-3p. Over-expression of miR-155-3p led to increased sub-G1 apoptotic cells and reduced cellular viability, demonstrating its tumor suppressive properties. By luciferase assay, lymphotoxin-beta (LT-β) was validated as a miR-155-3p target. In 31 primary MCL, miR-155-3p was found hypermethylated in 6(19%) cases. To test if methylation of miR-155-3p was MCL-specific, miR-155-3p methylation was tested in an additional 191 B-cell, T-cell and NK-cell NHLs, yielding miR-155-3p methylation in 66(34.6%) including 36(27%) non-MCL B-cell, 24(53%) T-cell and 6(46%) of NK-cell lymphoma. Moreover, in 72 primary NHL samples with RNA, miR-155-3p methylation correlated with miR-155-3p downregulation (p = 0.024), and LT-β upregulation (p = 0.043). Collectively, miR-155-3p is a potential tumor suppressive microRNA hypermethylated in MCL and other NHL subtypes. As miR-155-3p targets LT-β, which is an upstream activator of the non-canonical NF-kB signaling, miR-155-3p methylation is potentially important in lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Lh Yim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Yeung Wong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yok Lam Kwong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Raymond Chu
- Department of Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - Pak Kwan Hui
- Department of Pathology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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61
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Isosaka M, Niinuma T, Nojima M, Kai M, Yamamoto E, Maruyama R, Nobuoka T, Nishida T, Kanda T, Taguchi T, Hasegawa T, Tokino T, Hirata K, Suzuki H, Shinomura Y. A Screen for Epigenetically Silenced microRNA Genes in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26214687 PMCID: PMC4516245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) has been implicated in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) but the mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the involvement of epigenetic alteration of miRNA genes in GISTs. Methods GIST-T1 cells were treated with 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), after which miRNA expression profiles were analyzed using TaqMan miRNA arrays. DNA methylation was then analyzed using bisulfite pyrosequencing. The functions of miRNAs were examined using MTT assays, wound-healing assays, Boyden chamber assays and Matrigel invasion assays. Gene expression microarrays were analyzed to assess effect of ectopic miRNA expression in GIST-T1 cells. Results Of the 754 miRNAs analyzed, 61 were significantly upregulated in GIST-T1 cells treated with 5-aza-dC plus PBA. Among those, 21 miRNA genes were associated with an upstream CpG island (CGI), and the CGIs of miR-34a and miR-335 were frequently methylated in GIST-T1 cells and primary GIST specimens. Transfection of miR-34a or miR-335 mimic molecules into GIST-T1 cells suppressed cell proliferation, and miR-34a also inhibited migration and invasion by GIST-T1 cells. Moreover, miR-34a downregulated a number of predicted target genes, including PDGFRA. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of PDGFRA in GIST-T1 cells suppressed cell proliferation, suggesting the tumor suppressive effect of miR-34a is mediated, at least in part, through targeting PDGFRA. Conclusions Our results suggest that miR-34a and miR-335 are candidate tumor suppressive miRNAs in GISTs, and that they are frequent targets of epigenetic silencing in GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Isosaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Niinuma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Center for Translational Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nobuoka
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Surgery, Sanjo General Hospital, Sanjo City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Taguchi
- Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokino
- Medical Genome Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yasuhisa Shinomura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Navarro A, Díaz T, Cordeiro A, Beyá MD, Ferrer G, Fuster D, Martinez A, Monzó M. Epigenetic regulation of microRNA expression in Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:2683-9. [PMID: 25586608 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.995650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for the inactivation of key genes related to the survival of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cells, and methylation is a frequent epigenetic mechanism of microRNA silencing. We have examined the methylation-induced silencing of tumor suppressor microRNAs in HL cell lines and confirmed our results in patient lymph nodes. In addition, we evaluated the in vitro effectiveness of 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) in HL cell lines. Ten microRNAs containing CpG islands in their promoter region were re-expressed in both the L-428 and L-1236 cell lines. Interestingly, miR-34a and miR-203, both known tumor suppressor microRNAs, were found to be methylated in cell lines and in patient samples. 5-Aza-dC treatment resulted in a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect at 72 h in all the HL cell lines. In summary, 5-Aza-dC treatment of HL cell lines inhibits proliferation at high doses and produces re-expression of the tumor suppressor microRNAs at low-intermediate doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfons Navarro
- a Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Tania Díaz
- a Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Anna Cordeiro
- a Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Marina Díaz Beyá
- b Hematology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Gerardo Ferrer
- c Laboratory of Translational Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Dolors Fuster
- a Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Antonio Martinez
- d Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mariano Monzó
- a Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
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miR-203 downregulates Yes-1 and suppresses oncogenic activity in human oral cancer cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:351-8. [PMID: 25910964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of microRNA-203 (miR-203) as a tumor suppressor in KB human oral cancer cells. MicroRNA microarray results showed that the expression of miR-203 was significantly down-regulated in KB cells compared with normal human oral keratinocytes. The viability of KB cells was decreased by miR-203 in the time- and dose-dependent manners. In addition, over-expressed miR-203 not only increased the nuclear condensation but also significantly increased the apoptotic population of KB cells. These results indicated that the over-expression of miR-203 induced apoptosis of KB cells. Furthermore, the target gene array analyses revealed that the expression of Yes-1, a member of the Src family kinases (SFKs), was significantly down-regulated by miR-203 in KB cells. Moreover, both the mRNA and protein levels of Yes-1 were strongly reduced in KB cells transfected with miR-203. Therefore, these results indicated that Yes-1 is predicted to be a potential target gene of miR-203. Through a luciferase activity assay, miR-203 was confirmed to directly targets the Yes-1 3' untranslated region (UTR) to suppress gene expression. Therefore, our findings indicate that miR-203 induces the apoptosis of KB cells by directly targeting Yes-1, suggesting its application in anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Identification of subtype specific miRNA-mRNA functional regulatory modules in matched miRNA-mRNA expression data: multiple myeloma as a case. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:501262. [PMID: 25874214 PMCID: PMC4385567 DOI: 10.1155/2015/501262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Identification of miRNA-mRNA modules is an important step to elucidate their combinatorial effect on the pathogenesis and mechanisms underlying complex diseases. Current identification methods primarily are based upon miRNA-target information and matched miRNA and mRNA expression profiles. However, for heterogeneous diseases, the miRNA-mRNA regulatory mechanisms may differ between subtypes, leading to differences in clinical behavior. In order to explore the pathogenesis of each subtype, it is important to identify subtype specific miRNA-mRNA modules. In this study, we integrated the Ping-Pong algorithm and multiobjective genetic algorithm to identify subtype specific miRNA-mRNA functional regulatory modules (MFRMs) through integrative analysis of three biological data sets: GO biological processes, miRNA target information, and matched miRNA and mRNA expression data. We applied our method on a heterogeneous disease, multiple myeloma (MM), to identify MM subtype specific MFRMs. The constructed miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks provide modular outlook at subtype specific miRNA-mRNA interactions. Furthermore, clustering analysis demonstrated that heterogeneous MFRMs were able to separate corresponding MM subtypes. These subtype specific MFRMs may aid in the further elucidation of the pathogenesis of each subtype and may serve to guide MM subtype diagnosis and treatment.
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Wu H, He YH, Xu TR, Kong QP. Absence of mutation in miR-34a gene in a Chinese longevity population. DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 36:112-4. [PMID: 25855231 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2015.2.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China;State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Han He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
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66
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Loginov VI, Rykov SV, Fridman MV, Braga EA. Methylation of miRNA genes and oncogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:145-62. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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67
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Wang LQ, Chim CS. DNA methylation of tumor-suppressor miRNA genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Epigenomics 2015; 7:461-73. [PMID: 25650645 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic modifications of the genome involved in the regulation of numerous cellular processes through gene silencing without altering DNA sequences. miRNAs, a class of single-stranded noncoding RNAs of 19-25 nucleotides in length, function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression leading to mRNA cleavage or translational repression of their corresponding target protein-coding genes. Recently, dysregulation of tumor suppressor miRNAs mediated by promoter DNA hypermethylation is implicated in human cancers, including B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Moreover, it appears that methylated miRNA genes could be potential biomarkers for CLL diagnosis or therapy. This review will highlight the role of aberrant methylation of miRNA genes in the pathogenesis of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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68
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Asmar F, Hother C, Kulosman G, Treppendahl MB, Nielsen HM, Ralfkiaer U, Pedersen A, Møller MB, Ralfkiaer E, de Nully Brown P, Grønbæk K. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with combined TP53 mutation and MIR34A methylation: Another "double hit" lymphoma with very poor outcome? Oncotarget 2015; 5:1912-25. [PMID: 24722400 PMCID: PMC4039115 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR34A, B and C have been implicated in lymphomagenesis, but information on their role in normal CD19+ B-cells (PBL-B) and de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is limited. We show that in normal and activated B-cells miR34A-5p plays a dominant role compared to other miR34 family members. Only miR34A-5p is expressed in PBL-B, and significantly induced in activated B-cells and reactive lymph nodes. In PBL-B, the MIR34A and MIR34B/C promoters are unmethylated, but the latter shows enrichment for the H3K4me3/H3K27me3 silencing mark. Nine de novo DLBCL cases (n=150) carry both TP53 mutation and MIR34A methylation (“double hit”) and these patients have an exceedingly poor prognosis with a median survival of 9.4 months (P<0.0001), while neither TP53 mutation, MIR34A or MIR34B/C promoter methylation alone (“single hit”) influence on survival. The TP53/MIR34A “double-hit” is an independent negative prognostic factor for survival (P=0.0002). In 2 DLBCL-cell lines with both TP53 mutation and promoter methylation of MIR34A, miR34A-5p is upregulated by 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine. Thus, the TP53/MIR34A “double hit” characterizes a very aggressive subgroup of DLBCL, which may be treatable with epigenetic therapy prior to or in combination with conventional immunochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazila Asmar
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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69
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Clinical implications of miRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 81:16-33. [PMID: 25453266 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress being made in understanding pancreatic cancer (PC) pathogenesis, it still remains the 10th most often diagnosed malignancy in the world and 4th leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States with a five year survival rate of only 6%. The aggressive nature, lack of early diagnostic and prognostic markers, late clinical presentation, and limited efficacy of existing treatment regimens make PC a lethal cancer with high mortality and poor prognosis. Therefore, novel reliable biomarkers and molecular targets are urgently needed to combat this deadly disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (19-24 nucleotides) non-coding RNA molecules implicated in the regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level and play significant roles in various physiological and pathological conditions. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been reported in several cancers including PC and is implicated in PC pathogenesis and progression, suggesting their utility in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. In this review, we summarize the role of several miRNAs that regulate various oncogenes (KRAS) and tumor suppressor genes (p53, p16, SMAD4, etc.) involved in PC development, their prospective roles as diagnostic and prognostic markers and as a therapeutic targets.
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70
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Feng Y, Huang W, Meng W, Jegga AG, Wang Y, Cai W, Kim HW, Pasha Z, Wen Z, Rao F, Modi RM, Yu X, Ashraf M. Heat shock improves Sca-1+ stem cell survival and directs ischemic cardiomyocytes toward a prosurvival phenotype via exosomal transfer: a critical role for HSF1/miR-34a/HSP70 pathway. Stem Cells 2014; 32:462-72. [PMID: 24123326 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy is a promising intervention for ischemic heart diseases. However, the functional integrity of stem cells is impaired in an ischemic environment. Here, we report a novel finding that heat shock significantly improves Sca-1(+) stem cell survival in an ischemic environment by the regulation of the triangle: heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), HSF1/miR-34a, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Initially we prove that HSP70 is the key chaperone-mediating cytoprotective effect of heat shock in Sca-1(+) cells and then we establish miR-34a as a direct repressor of HSP70. We found that miR-34a was downregulated in heat shocked Sca-11 stem cells (HSSca-11 cells) [corrected]. Intriguingly, we demonstrate that the downregulation of miR-34a is attributed to HSF1-mediated epigenetic repression through histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on miR-34a promoter. Moreover, we show that heat shock induces exosomal transfer of HSF1 from Sca-1(+) cells, which directs ischemic cardiomyocytes toward a prosurvival phenotype by epigenetic repression of miR-34a. In addition, our in vivo study demonstrates that transplantation of (HS) Sca-1(+) cells significantly reduces apoptosis, attenuates fibrosis, and improves global heart functions in ischemic myocardium. Hence, our study provides not only novel insights into the effects of heat shock on stem cell survival and paracrine behavior but also may have therapeutic values for stem cell therapy in ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Feng
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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71
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De Tullio G, De Fazio V, Sgherza N, Minoia C, Serratì S, Merchionne F, Loseto G, Iacobazzi A, Rana A, Petrillo P, Silvestris N, Iacopino P, Guarini A. Challenges and opportunities of microRNAs in lymphomas. Molecules 2014; 19:14723-81. [PMID: 25232701 PMCID: PMC6271734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that control the expression of many target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) involved in normal cell functions (differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis). Consequently their aberrant expression and/or functions are related to pathogenesis of many human diseases including cancers. Haematopoiesis is a highly regulated process controlled by a complex network of molecular mechanisms that simultaneously regulate commitment, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Alterations on this network could affect the normal haematopoiesis, leading to the development of haematological malignancies such as lymphomas. The incidence of lymphomas is rising and a significant proportion of patients are refractory to standard therapies. Accurate diagnosis, prognosis and therapy still require additional markers to be used for diagnostic and prognostic purpose and evaluation of clinical outcome. The dysregulated expression or function of miRNAs in various types of lymphomas has been associated with lymphoma pathogenesis. Indeed, many recent findings suggest that almost all lymphomas seem to have a distinct and specific miRNA profile and some miRNAs are related to therapy resistance or have a distinct kinetics during therapy. MiRNAs are easily detectable in fresh or paraffin-embedded diagnostic tissue and serum where they are highly stable and quantifiable within the diagnostic laboratory at each consultation. Accordingly they could be specific biomarkers for lymphoma diagnosis, as well as useful for evaluating prognosis or disease response to the therapy, especially for evaluation of early relapse detection and for greatly assisting clinical decisions making. Here we summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in normal and aberrant lymphopoiesis in order to highlight their clinical value as specific diagnosis and prognosis markers of lymphoid malignancies or for prediction of therapy response. Finally, we discuss their controversial therapeutic role and future applications in therapy by modulating miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacoma De Tullio
- Haematology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Vincenza De Fazio
- Haematology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Nicola Sgherza
- Haematology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Carla Minoia
- Haematology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Simona Serratì
- Haematology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Francesca Merchionne
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Antonio Perrino Hospital, Brindisi 72100, Italy
| | - Giacomo Loseto
- Haematology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Angela Iacobazzi
- Haematology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Antonello Rana
- Haematology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Patrizia Petrillo
- Haematology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Pasquale Iacopino
- Haematology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Attilio Guarini
- Haematology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari 70124, Italy
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72
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Therapeutic use of microRNAs in lung cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:756975. [PMID: 25309923 PMCID: PMC4182304 DOI: 10.1155/2014/756975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although the molecular pathways of lung cancer have been partly known, the high mortality rate is not markedly changed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that actively modulate cell physiological processes as apoptosis, cell-cycle control, cell proliferation, DNA repair, and metabolism. Several studies demonstrated that miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of lung diseases including lung cancer and they negatively regulate gene and protein expression by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs and their target genes in lung tumorigenesis and evaluate their potential use as therapeutic agents in lung cancer. In particular, we describe methodological approaches such as inhibition of oncogenic miRNAs or replacement of tumor suppressor miRNAs, both in in vitro and in vivo assays. Furthermore we discuss new strategies to achieve in vivo tissue specific delivery, potential off-target effects, and safety of miRNAs systemic delivery.
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73
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Maroof H, Salajegheh A, Smith RA, Lam AKY. Role of microRNA-34 family in cancer with particular reference to cancer angiogenesis. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:298-304. [PMID: 25102298 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-34 is involved in pathogenesis in cancer by targeting different tumor-related genes. It could be a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with cancer. In addition, miR-34 is involved in the tumor angiogenesis. Understanding the mechanism of the miR-34 in cancer and tumor angiogenesis will open horizons for development of anti-cancer and anti-angiogenesis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Maroof
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ali Salajegheh
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Anthony Smith
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
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74
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MicroRNA-34a: a potential therapeutic target in human cancer. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1327. [PMID: 25032850 PMCID: PMC4123066 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the three untranslated regions of their target mRNAs. Deregulations of miRs were shown to play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and progression. Recent research efforts have been devoted to translating these basic discoveries into applications that could improve the therapeutic outcome of patients with cancer. MiR-34a is a highly conserved miR throughout many different species. In humans, there are three homologs (hsa-miR34a, hsa-miR-34b and hsa-miR-34c). Early studies have shown that miR-34a acts as a tumor-suppressor gene by targeting many oncogenes related to proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. In this review, we provide a complex overview of miR-34a, including regulating its expression, its known functions in cancer and future challenges as a potential therapeutic target in human cancers.
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75
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Strmsek Z, Kunej T. Data integration of 104 studies related with microRNA epigenetics revealed that miR-34 gene family is silenced by DNA methylation in the highest number of cancer types. Discoveries (Craiova) 2014; 2:e18. [PMID: 32309547 PMCID: PMC6941574 DOI: 10.15190/d.2014.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing research interest regarding deregulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression by DNA methylation in cancer. The aim of this study was to integrate data from publications and identify miRNA genes shown to be silenced in the highest number of cancer types and thus facilitate biomarker and therapeutic development. We integrated relevant data from 104 published scientific articles. The following databases and bioinformatics tools were used for the analysis: miRBase, miRNA Genomic Viewer, MultAlin, miRNA SNiPer, TargetScan, Ensembl, MethPrimer, TarBase, miRecords, and ChIPBase. Among 2578 currently known human miRNAs and 158 known to be regulated by DNA methylation, miR-34 gene family (miR-34a, -34b, and -34c) was shown to be silenced by DNA methylation in the highest number of cancer types. Consequently, we developed the miR-34 gene family regulatory atlas, consisting of its upstream regulators and downstream targets including transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), CpG islands, genetic variability and overlapping QTL. MicroRNA-34 gene family has a potential as a cancer biomarker and target for epigenetic drugs. This potential has already been recognized as MRX34 is well into phase I studies. The developed miR-34 gene family regulatory atlas presented in this study provides a starting point for further analyses and could thus facilitate development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziga Strmsek
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230, Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Kunej
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230, Domzale, Slovenia
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76
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MicroRNA: important player in the pathobiology of multiple myeloma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:521586. [PMID: 24991558 PMCID: PMC4065722 DOI: 10.1155/2014/521586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed a pivotal role played by a class of small, noncoding RNAs, microRNA (miRNA), in multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell (PC) malignancy causing significant morbidity and mortality. Deregulated miRNA expression in patient's PCs and plasma has been associated with tumor progression, molecular subtypes, clinical staging, prognosis, and drug response in MM. A number of important oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs have been discovered to regulate important genes and pathways such as p53 and IL6-JAK-STAT signaling. miRNAs may also form complex regulatory circuitry with genetic and epigenetic machineries, the deregulation of which could lead to malignant transformation and progression. The translational potential of miRNAs in the clinic is being increasingly recognized that they could represent novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review comprehensively summarizes current progress in delineating the roles of miRNAs in MM pathobiology and management.
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77
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Ng HY, Wan TS, So CC, Chim CS. Epigenetic inactivation ofDAPK1,p14ARF,mir-34aand-34b/cin acute promyelocytic leukaemia. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:626-31. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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78
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Yan H, Wu QL, Sun CY, Ai LS, Deng J, Zhang L, Chen L, Chu ZB, Tang B, Wang K, Wu XF, Xu J, Hu Y. piRNA-823 contributes to tumorigenesis by regulating de novo DNA methylation and angiogenesis in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2014; 29:196-206. [PMID: 24732595 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA hypermethylation contributes to myelomagenesis by silencing tumor-suppressor genes. Recently, a few reports have suggested that a novel class of small non-coding RNAs, called Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), may be involved in the epigenetic regulation of cancer. In this study, for the first time we provided evidence that the expression of piRNA-823 was upregulated in multiple myeloma (MM) patients and cell lines, and positively correlated with clinical stage. Silencing piRNA-823 in MM cells induced deregulation of cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-related proteins expression, accompanied by inhibition of tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, piRNA-823 was directly relevant to de novo DNA methyltransferases, DNMT3A and 3B, in primary CD138(+) MM cells. The inhibited expression of piRNA-823 in MM cells resulted in marked reduction of DNMT3A and 3B at both mRNA and protein levels, which in turn led to decrease in global DNA methylation and reexpression of methylation-silenced tumor suppressor, p16(INK4A). In addition, piRNA-823 abrogation in MM cells induced reduction of vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, with consequent decreased proangiogenic activity. Altogether, these data support an oncogenic role of piRNA-823 in the biology of MM, providing a rational for the development of piRNA-targeted therapeutic strategies in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Q-L Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - C-Y Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - L-S Ai
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Deng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - L Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - L Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Z-B Chu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - B Tang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - K Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - X-F Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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79
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Palanichamy JK, Rao DS. miRNA dysregulation in cancer: towards a mechanistic understanding. Front Genet 2014; 5:54. [PMID: 24672539 PMCID: PMC3957189 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well known that gene expression is intricately regulated inside each cell especially in mammals. There are multiple layers of gene regulation active inside a cell at a given point of time. Gene expression is regulated post-transcriptionally by microRNAs and other factors. Mechanistically, microRNAs are known to bind to the 3’ UTR of mRNAs and cause repression of gene expression and the number of known microRNAs continues to increase every day. Dysregulated microRNA signatures in different types of cancer are being uncovered consistently implying their importance in cellular homeostasis. However when studied in isolation in mouse models, clear-cut cellular and molecular mechanisms have been described only for a select few microRNAs. What is the reason behind this discrepancy? Are microRNAs small players in gene regulation helping only to fine tune gene expression? Or are their roles tissue and cell type-specific with single-cell level effects on mRNA expression and microRNA threshold levels? Or does it all come down to the technical limitations of high-throughput techniques, resulting in false positive results? In this review, we will assess the challenges facing the field and potential avenues for resolving the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these small but important regulators of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinesh S Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA
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80
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Ferreira ACDS, Robaina MC, Rezende LMMD, Severino P, Klumb CE. Histone deacetylase inhibitor prevents cell growth in Burkitt's lymphoma by regulating PI3K/Akt pathways and leads to upregulation of miR-143, miR-145, and miR-101. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:983-93. [PMID: 24577510 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma more common in children comprising one third of pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases. The recent discovery in BL pathogenesis highlighted the activation of PI3K pathway in cooperation with Myc in the development of BL. In this study, we demonstrated that PI3K/Akt pathway is a target to histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) in BL cells. The combination of HDACi (sodium butyrate, NaB) and chemotherapy (VP-16) inhibited 51 % of the proliferation and enhanced the blockage of the cell cycle progression at G2/M with a concurrent decrease in the S phase. Microarray profiling showed a synergistic action of NaB/VP-16 combination through the differential regulation of 1,413 genes. Comparing VP-16 treatment with the NaB/VP-16 combination, 318 genes were deregulated: 250 genes were downregulated, and 68 were upregulated when compared with untreated cells. Among these genes, six (CDKN1A, CCND1, FAS, CHEK2, MDM4, and SESN2) belong to the p53-signaling pathway. The activation of this signaling pathway is usually induced by stress signals and ultimately leads to cell cycle arrest. Besides, the inhibition of the cell growth was related to reduced Akt phosphorylation, and decrease of c-Myc protein expression by about 60 % (p ≤ 0.005). Moreover, HDACi enhanced miR-101, miR-143, and miR-145 levels in BL cell line, which were inversely associated with the levels of miR-101, miR-143, and miR-145 found to be extremely downregulated in the sample of BL patients. We highlight the fact that effective combinations of HDACis with other target drugs could improve BL therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina dos Santos Ferreira
- Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação Geral Técnico-Científica, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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81
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Di Martino MT, Campani V, Misso G, Gallo Cantafio ME, Gullà A, Foresta U, Guzzi PH, Castellano M, Grimaldi A, Gigantino V, Franco R, Lusa S, Cannataro M, Tagliaferri P, De Rosa G, Tassone P, Caraglia M. In vivo activity of miR-34a mimics delivered by stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) against multiple myeloma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90005. [PMID: 24587182 PMCID: PMC3937395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease with an adverse outcome and new therapeutic strategies are urgently awaited. A rising body of evidence supports the notion that microRNAs (miRNAs), master regulators of eukaryotic gene expression, may exert anti-MM activity. Here, we evaluated the activity of synthetic miR-34a in MM cells. We found that transfection of miR-34a mimics in MM cells induces a significant change of gene expression with relevant effects on multiple signal transduction pathways. We detected early inactivation of pro-survival and proliferative kinases Erk-2 and Akt followed at later time points by caspase-6 and -3 activation and apoptosis induction. To improve the in vivo delivery, we encapsulated miR-34a mimics in stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs). We found that SNALPs miR-34a were highly efficient in vitro in inhibiting growth of MM cells. Then, we investigated the activity of the SNALPs miR-34a against MM xenografts in SCID mice. We observed significant tumor growth inhibition (p<0.05) which translated in mice survival benefits (p = 0.0047). Analysis of miR-34a and NOTCH1 expression in tumor retrieved from animal demonstrated efficient delivery and gene modulation induced by SNALPs miR-34a in the absence of systemic toxicity. We here therefore provide evidence that SNALPs miR-34a may represent a promising tool for miRNA-therapeutics in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Medical Oncology Unit, Catanzaro, Italy
- T. Campanella Cancer Center, “Salvatore Venuta” University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Virginia Campani
- Department of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Gallo Cantafio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Medical Oncology Unit, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Gullà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Medical Oncology Unit, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Umberto Foresta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Medical Oncology Unit, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pietro Hiram Guzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Laboratory of Bioinformatics Unit, “Salvatore Venuta” University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Castellano
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Grimaldi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gigantino
- Pathology Unit, National Institute of Tumours of Naples “Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, National Institute of Tumours of Naples “Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Lusa
- Department of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cannataro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Laboratory of Bioinformatics Unit, “Salvatore Venuta” University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Medical Oncology Unit, Catanzaro, Italy
- T. Campanella Cancer Center, “Salvatore Venuta” University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Medical Oncology Unit, Catanzaro, Italy
- T. Campanella Cancer Center, “Salvatore Venuta” University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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82
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Wang LQ, Kwong YL, Wong KF, Kho CSB, Jin DY, Tse E, Rosèn A, Chim CS. Epigenetic inactivation of mir-34b/c in addition to mir-34a and DAPK1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Transl Med 2014; 12:52. [PMID: 24559316 PMCID: PMC3941938 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TP53 mutation/deletion is uncommon in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We postulated that components of TP53-centered tumor suppressor network, miR-34b/c, in addition to DAPK1 and miR-34a might be inactivated by DNA hypermethylation. Moreover, we tested if miR-34b/c methylation might correlate with miR-203 or miR-124-1 methylation in CLL. METHODS miR-34b/c, miR-34a and DAPK1 methylation was studied in 11 normal controls, 7 CLL cell lines, and 78 diagnostic CLL samples by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. MEC-1 cells were treated with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine for reversal of methylation-associated miRNA silencing. Tumor suppressor properties of miR-34b were demonstrated by over-expression of precursor miR-34b in MEC-1 cells. RESULTS miR-34b/c promoter was unmethylated in normal controls, but completely methylated in 4 CLL cell lines. miR-34b/c expression was inversely correlated with miR-34b/c methylation. Different MSP statuses of miR-34b/c, including complete methylation and complete unmethylation, were verified by quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment resulted in promoter demethylation and miR-34b re-expression in MEC1 cells. Moreover, over-expression of miR-34b resulted in inhibition of cellular proliferation and increased cell death. In primary CLL samples, miR-34a, miR-34b/c and DAPK1 methylation was detected in 2.6%, 17.9% and 34.6% of patients at diagnosis respectively. Furthermore, 39.7%, 3.8% and 2.6% patients had methylation of one, two or all three genes respectively. Overall, 46.2% patients had methylation of at least one of these three genes. Besides, miR-34b/c methylation was associated with methylation of miR-34a (P = 0.03) and miR-203 (P = 0.012) in CLL. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, miR-34b/c is a tumor suppressor miRNA frequently methylated, and hence silenced in CLL. Together with DAPK1 methylation, miR-34b/c methylation is implicated in the disruption of the TP53-centered tumor suppressor network. Moreover, the association of miRNA methylation warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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83
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Li J, Li C, Han J, Zhang C, Shang D, Yao Q, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Liu W, Zhou M, Yang H, Su F, Li X. The detection of risk pathways, regulated by miRNAs, via the integration of sample-matched miRNA-mRNA profiles and pathway structure. J Biomed Inform 2014; 49:187-97. [PMID: 24561483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of genome-wide, sample-matched miRNA (miRNAs)-mRNA expression data provides a powerful tool for the investigation of miRNAs and genes involved in diseases. The identification of miRNA-regulated pathways has been crucial for analysis of the role of miRNAs. However, the classical identification method fails to consider the structural information of pathways and the regulation of miRNAs simultaneously. We proposed a method that simultaneously integrated the change in gene expression and structural information in order to identify pathways. Our method used fold changes in miRNAs and gene products, along with the quantification of the regulatory effect on target genes, to measure the change in gene expression. Topological characteristics were investigated to measure the influence of gene products on entire pathways. Through the analysis of multiple myeloma and prostate cancer expression data, our method was proven to be effective and reliable in identifying disease risk pathways that are regulated by miRNAs. Further analysis showed that the structure of a pathway plays a crucial role in the recognition of the pathway as a factor in disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and Bio-pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, PR China
| | - Chunquan Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and Bio-pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Junwei Han
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and Bio-pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and Bio-pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Desi Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and Bio-pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Qianlan Yao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and Bio-pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and Bio-pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and Bio-pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and Bio-pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Meng Zhou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and Bio-pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Haixiu Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and Bio-pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Fei Su
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and Bio-pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and Bio-pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
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84
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Cui X, Zhao Z, Liu D, Guo T, Li S, Hu J, Liu C, Yang L, Cao Y, Jiang J, Liang W, Liu W, Li S, Wang L, Wang L, Gu W, Wu C, Chen Y, Li F. Inactivation of miR-34a by aberrant CpG methylation in Kazakh patients with esophageal carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:20. [PMID: 24528540 PMCID: PMC3931274 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive tumor with dismal prognosis and high incidence and mortality in Kazakh population. MiR-34a, a direct p53 target gene, possesses tumor-suppressive properties as they mediate apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. The reduced expression of miR-34a by methylation in various cancers has been reported. Methods To determine whether aberrant miR-34a methylation occurs in esophageal cancer, the DNA methylation of 23 CpGs sites in the miR-34a promoter was quantitatively analyzed in relation to the translation initiation site by MALDI -TOF mass spectrometry in 59 ESCC tissues and 34 normal tissues from the Kazakh population. Real-time PCR was used to detect the inhibition of miR-34a expression levels and to evaluate their association with methylation. Results We found that miR-34a is more frequently methylated in ESCC (0.133 ± 0.040) than in controls (0.066 ± 0.045, P < 0.01). A nearly two-fold increase in miR-34a expression for the hypomethylated promoter was found in normal esophageal tissues than ESCC with hypermethylation (P <0.0001), pointing to a negative relationship between miR-34a CpG sites methylation and expression(r = −0.594, P = 0.042). The hypermethylation of miR-34a CpG_8.9 was associated with the advanced UICC stage III/IV of the esophageal cancers, and the hypermethylation of CpG_8.9 and CpG_5 of miR-34a was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Our findings suggest that miR-34a is involved in the etiology of ESCC and that hypermethylated miR-34a is a potential biomarker for ESCC diagnosis and prognosis. Moreover, targeting miR-34a methylation by demethylating agents may offer a novel strategy for anticancer therapy of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yunzhao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China.
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85
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Omer A, Yadav NK, Singh P, Singh RK. Hematological malignancies: role of miRNAs and theirin silicoaspects. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 13:1121-33. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2013.833683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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86
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The Role of miRNA in Haematological Malignancy. BONE MARROW RESEARCH 2013; 2013:269107. [PMID: 24416592 PMCID: PMC3876682 DOI: 10.1155/2013/269107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are over 1,800 annotated human miRNAs, many of which have tissue-specific expression. Numerous studies have highlighted their role in haematopoietic differentiation and proliferation, acting as master regulators of haematopoietic stem cell function. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been observed in haematological cancers, exhibiting unique expression signatures in comparison to normal counterparts. Functional and target analyses as well as animal models have attempted to annotate how different miRNA may contribute to the pathophysiology of these malignancies from modulating cancer associated genes, functioning directly as oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes or acting as bystanders or regulators of the epigenetic mechanisms in cancer. miRNAs have also been shown to play a role in modulating drug resistance and determining prognosis between the various subtypes of blood cancers. This review discusses the important role that miRNAs play in haematological malignancies by exploring associations that exist between the two and trying to examine evidence of causality to support the tantalising possibility that miRNAs might serve as therapeutic targets in blood cancers.
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87
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MicroRNA-regulated pathways in hematological malignancies: how to avoid cells playing out of tune. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:20930-53. [PMID: 24145746 PMCID: PMC3821651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141020930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated expression and interplay among lineage specific transcription factors and microRNAs contribute to the regulation of gene expression and determination of cell specificity. In hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), unique combinations of transcription factors largely control growth and maturation of different blood cell lineages through cooperative regulation of specific target genes. MicroRNAs provide an additional level of control beyond transcription factors. By acting as regulators of crucial lineage-specific genetic programs, microRNAs direct early multipotential progenitor cells to adopt a certain cell fate program. Thus, alteration of specific microRNA levels may affect proliferation, differentiation and genetic stability of HSCs, contributing to the onset of myeloproliferative disorders and leukemia. The major aim of this review is to highlight the critical role of microRNA-regulated pathways during the establishment and progression of hematological malignancies, with a particular attention to leukemia, lymphomas and myelodysplastic syndromes. This will give us the opportunity to discuss the potential use of microRNA-based therapeutic approaches in these diseases. MicroRNAs are indeed emerging as relevant tools to improve the efficacy of currently used therapeutic protocols.
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88
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The tumor suppressor axis p53/miR-34a regulates Axl expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: implications for therapy in p53-defective CLL patients. Leukemia 2013; 28:451-5. [PMID: 24217154 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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89
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Shibuta T, Honda E, Shiotsu H, Tanaka Y, Vellasamy S, Shiratsuchi M, Umemura T. Imatinib induces demethylation of miR-203 gene: an epigenetic mechanism of anti-tumor effect of imatinib. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1278-86. [PMID: 23953880 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is an important regulator of cellular proliferation, differentiation and death. Leukemia-specific signature of miRNAs suggests that epigenetic dysregulation of miRNAs is important for leukemogenesis. We focused on the role of DNA methylation of miR-203 which targets BCR-ABL1 mRNA. The microarray analysis showed that 48 miRNAs of CpG-rich 212 miRNAs were upregulated over 2-fold after imatinib treatment. Imatinib induced the demethylation of the miR-203 promoter region, resulting in low expression of targeted BCR-ABL1 gene, and loss of proliferation of leukemic cells. In conclusion, demethylation of miR-203 is one of the molecular mechanisms of imatinib-induced inhibition of BCR-ABL1-positive leukemic cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- CpG Islands
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- DNA Methyltransferase 3B
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Shibuta
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
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90
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Mazan-Mamczarz K, Gartenhaus RB. Role of microRNA deregulation in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Leuk Res 2013; 37:1420-8. [PMID: 24054860 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through its sequence complementation with target mRNAs. An individual miRNA species can simultaneously influence the expression of multiple genes and conversely, several miRNAs can synchronously control expression of specific gene product mRNA levels. Thus, miRNAs expression in cells has to be precisely regulated and alterations in miRNA levels may cause an aberrant expression of genes involved in oncogenic pathways and consequently result in cancer development. Indeed, miRNA expression is often deregulated in many cancers, including B-cell lymphomas. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous group of B-cell lymphomas with different genetic backgrounds, morphologic features, and responses to therapy. Over the past decade, miRNAs emerged as a new tool for understanding DLBCL biology, and promising candidate molecular markers in DLBCL classification and treatment. In this review, we will focus on miRNAs aberrantly expressed in DLBCL and discuss the putative mechanisms of this deregulation. Additionally, we will summarize miRNAs' involvement in the identification of DLBCL subgroups, and their potential role as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers as well as specific therapeutic targets for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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91
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A miR-34a-SIRT6 axis in the squamous cell differentiation network. EMBO J 2013; 32:2248-63. [PMID: 23860128 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are highly heterogeneous tumours, resulting from deranged expression of genes involved in squamous cell differentiation. Here we report that microRNA-34a (miR-34a) functions as a novel node in the squamous cell differentiation network, with SIRT6 as a critical target. miR-34a expression increases with keratinocyte differentiation, while it is suppressed in skin and oral SCCs, SCC cell lines, and aberrantly differentiating primary human keratinocytes (HKCs). Expression of this miRNA is restored in SCC cells, in parallel with differentiation, by reversion of genomic DNA methylation or wild-type p53 expression. In normal HKCs, the pro-differentiation effects of increased p53 activity or UVB exposure are miR-34a-dependent, and increased miR-34a levels are sufficient to induce differentiation of these cells both in vitro and in vivo. SIRT6, a sirtuin family member not previously connected with miR-34a function, is a direct target of this miRNA in HKCs, and SIRT6 down-modulation is sufficient to reproduce the miR-34a pro-differentiation effects. The findings are of likely biological significance, as SIRT6 is oppositely expressed to miR-34a in normal keratinocytes and keratinocyte-derived tumours.
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92
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TP53-independent function of miR-34a via HDAC1 and p21(CIP1/WAF1.). Mol Ther 2013; 21:1678-86. [PMID: 23836017 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor, microRNA-34 (miR-34), a transcriptional target of TP53, functions in a positive feedback loop to activate TP53. Although miR-34 can inhibit cancer cells carrying TP53 mutations, this feedback to TP53 may be a prerequisite for full miR-34 function and may restrict its therapeutic application to patients with intact TP53. To investigate the functional relationships between TP53 and miR-34, and that of other TP53-regulated miRNAs including miR-215/192, we have used a panel of isogenic cancer cell lines that differ only with respect to their endogenous TP53 status. miR-34-induced inhibition of cancer cell growth is the same in TP53-positive and TP53-negative cells. In contrast, miR-215/192 functions through TP53. In the absence of TP53, miR-34, but not miR-215/192, is sufficient to induce an upregulation of the cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(CIP1/WAF1). We identify histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) as a direct target of miR-34 and demonstrate that repression of HDAC1 leads to an induction of p21(CIP1/WAF1) and mimics the miR-34 cellular phenotype. Depletion of p21(CIP1/WAF1) specifically interferes with the ability of miR-34 to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. The data suggest that miR-34 controls a tumor suppressor pathway previously reserved for TP53 and provides an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancer patients irrespective of TP53 status.
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93
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Das S, Bryan K, Buckley PG, Piskareva O, Bray IM, Foley N, Ryan J, Lynch J, Creevey L, Fay J, Prenter S, Koster J, van Sluis P, Versteeg R, Eggert A, Schulte JH, Schramm A, Mestdagh P, Vandesompele J, Speleman F, Stallings RL. Modulation of neuroblastoma disease pathogenesis by an extensive network of epigenetically regulated microRNAs. Oncogene 2013; 32:2927-36. [PMID: 22797059 PMCID: PMC3477279 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the pathogenesis of many forms of cancer, including the pediatric cancer neuroblastoma, but the underlying mechanisms leading to altered miRNA expression are often unknown. Here, a novel integrated approach for analyzing DNA methylation coupled with miRNA and mRNA expression data sets identified 67 epigenetically regulated miRNA in neuroblastoma. A large proportion (42%) of these miRNAs was associated with poor patient survival when underexpressed in tumors. Moreover, we demonstrate that this panel of epigenetically silenced miRNAs targets a large set of genes that are overexpressed in tumors from patients with poor survival in a highly redundant manner. The genes targeted by the epigenetically regulated miRNAs are enriched for a number of biological processes, including regulation of cell differentiation. Functional studies involving ectopic overexpression of several of the epigenetically silenced miRNAs had a negative impact on neuroblastoma cell viability, providing further support to the concept that inactivation of these miRNAs is important for neuroblastoma disease pathogenesis. One locus, miR-340, induced either differentiation or apoptosis in a cell context dependent manner, indicating a tumor suppressive function for this miRNA. Intriguingly, it was determined that miR-340 is upregulated by demethylation of an upstream genomic region that occurs during the process of neuroblastoma cell differentiation induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Further biological studies of miR-340 revealed that it directly represses the SOX2 transcription factor by targeting of its 3'-untranslated region, explaining the mechanism by which SOX2 is downregulated by ATRA. Although SOX2 contributes to the maintenance of stem cells in an undifferentiated state, we demonstrate that miR-340-mediated downregulation of SOX2 is not required for ATRA induced differentiation to occur. In summary, our results exemplify the dynamic nature of the miRNA epigenome and identify a remarkable network of miRNA/mRNA interactions that significantly contribute to neuroblastoma disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Das
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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94
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Murray MY, Rushworth SA, Zaitseva L, Bowles KM, Macewan DJ. Attenuation of dexamethasone-induced cell death in multiple myeloma is mediated by miR-125b expression. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2144-53. [PMID: 23759586 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone is a key front-line chemotherapeutic for B-cell malignant multiple myeloma (MM). Dexamethasone modulates MM cell survival signaling but fails to induce marked cytotoxicity when used as a monotherapy. We demonstrate here the mechanism behind this insufficient responsiveness of MM cells toward dexamethasone, revealing in MM a dramatic anti-apoptotic role for microRNA (miRNA)-125b in the insensitivity toward dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. MM cells responding to dexamethasone exhibited enhanced expression of oncogenic miR-125b. Dexamethasone also induced expression of miR-34a, which acts to suppress SIRT1 deacetylase, and thus allows maintained acetylation and inactivation of p53. p53 mRNA is also suppressed by miR-125b targeting. Reporter assays showed that both these dexamethasone-induced miRNAs act downstream of their target genes to prevent p53 tumor suppressor actions and, ultimately, resist cytotoxic responses in MM. Use of antisense miR-125b transcripts enhanced expression of pro-apoptotic p53, repressed expression of anti-apoptotic SIRT1 and, importantly, significantly enhanced dexamethasone-induced cell death responses in MM. Pharmacological manipulations showed that the key regulation enabling complete dexamethasone sensitivity in MM cells lies with miR-125b. In summary, dexamethasone-induced miR-125b induces cell death resistance mechanisms in MM cells via the p53/miR-34a/SIRT1 signaling network and provides these cells with an enhanced level of resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. Clearly, such anti-apoptotic mechanisms will need to be overcome to more effectively treat nascent, refractory and relapsed MM patients. These mechanisms provide insight into the role of miRNA regulation of apoptosis and their promotion of MM cell proliferative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Y Murray
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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95
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Wang B, Li D, Kovalchuk O. p53 Ser15 phosphorylation and histone modifications contribute to IR-induced miR-34a transcription in mammary epithelial cells. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2073-83. [PMID: 23759592 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-34a is a direct transcriptional target of tumor suppressor p53 and plays a crucial role in p53-mediated biological processes, such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence. However, the role of p53 phosphorylation at Ser15 and histone modifications in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced miR-34a transcription in human mammary epithelial cells remains unknown. The present study showed that IR triggers miR-34a induction in rat mammary gland tissue and human mammary epithelial cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Gene copy number and CpG methylation exhibit no effect on IR-inducible miR-34a expression, while the levels of phosphorylated p53 at Ser15 are markedly elevated in human mammary epithelial cells 96 h post-IR, which correlates with IR-inducible miR-34a transcription and the p38 MAPK pathway. Conversely, suppression of p38 MAPK with SB239063 inhibits IR-induced p53 phosphorylation at Ser15 and miR-34a expression in a dose-dependent manner. Our study found that wild-type p53 is enriched at miR-34a promoter, and luciferase activity of miR-34a promoter reporter is attenuated by either mutant p53 (Ser15Ala) or mutant miR-34a promoter. Furthermore, IR also triggers phosphorylation, tri-methylation and acetylation of histone H3 and acetylation of histone H4, which correlates with IR-inducible miR-34a transcription, while SAHA potentiates IR-inducible miR-34a expression. Moreover, acetyl-histone H3 is significantly enriched at miR-34a promoter in IR-exposed HMEC cells. Yet, we show that there is no correlation between IR-inducible miR-34a expression and IR-induced rapid and transient G 2/M arrest. In sum, our novel data for the first time demonstrate that IR-induced p53 Ser15 phosphorylation via p38 MAPK is essential for its functional regulation of IR-inducible miR-34a transcription in human mammary epithelial cells, and that histone modifications may also play a key role in IR-inducible miR-34a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canada
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96
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Bian EB, Zhao B, Huang C, Wang H, Meng XM, Wu BM, Ma TT, Zhang L, Lv XW, Li J. New advances of DNA methylation in liver fibrosis, with special emphasis on the crosstalk between microRNAs and DNA methylation machinery. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1837-44. [PMID: 23707524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable changes in the pattern of gene expression that is controlled by a mechanism specifically not due to changes the primary DNA sequence. Well-known epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications and RNA-based mechanisms including those controlled by small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs). Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications orchestrate the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis. In this review we focus on the aberrant methylation of CpG island promoters of select genes is the prominent epigenetic mechanism to effectively silence gene transcription facilitating HSC activation and liver fibrosis. Furthermore, we also discuss epigenetic dysregulation of tumor-suppressor miRNA genes by promoter DNA methylation and the interaction of DNA methylation with miRNAs involved in the regulation of HSC activation and liver fibrosis. Recent advances in epigenetics alterations in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and their possible use as new therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Bao Bian
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
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97
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Wang LQ, Liang R, Chim CS. Methylation of tumor suppressor microRNAs: lessons from lymphoid malignancies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2013; 12:755-65. [PMID: 23153241 DOI: 10.1586/erm.12.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are a group of small noncoding RNAs measuring 19-25 nucleotides. Sequence-specific binding of miRNAs to the 3´ untranslated regions of target genes leads to translational repressions. Dysregulation of miRNA expression involved in cancer can be triggered by multiple mechanisms including aberrant DNA methylation of the miRNA gene promoter. Of note, DNA methylation of tumor suppressor miRNAs has been implicated in various human cancers. Moreover, miRNA silencing mediated by aberrant promoter DNA methylation can potentially be reversed by hypomethylating agents, and hence may pose a new therapeutic target in cancer. In this review, the authors will focus on the aberrant methylation of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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98
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Manfè V, Biskup E, Willumsgaard A, Skov AG, Palmieri D, Gasparini P, Laganá A, Woetmann A, Ødum N, Croce CM, Gniadecki R. cMyc/miR-125b-5p signalling determines sensitivity to bortezomib in preclinical model of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59390. [PMID: 23527180 PMCID: PMC3602111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful/effective cancer therapy in low grade lymphoma is often hampered by cell resistance to anti-neoplastic agents. The crucial mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are poorly understood. Overcoming resistance of tumor cells to anticancer agents, such as proteasome inhibitors, could improve their clinical efficacy. Using cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) as a model of the chemotherapy-resistant peripheral lymphoid malignancy, we demonstrated that resistance to proteasome inhibition involved a signaling between the oncogene cMyc and miR-125b-5p. Bortezomib repressed cMyc and simultaneously induced miR-125b-5p that exerted a cytoprotective effect through the downmodulation of MAD4. Overexpression of cMyc repressed miR-125b-5p transcription and sensitized lymphoma cells to bortezomib. The central role of miR-125b-5p was further confirmed in a mouse model of T-cell lymphoma, where xenotransplantation of human CTCL cells overexpressing miR-125b-5p resulted in enhanced tumor growth and a shorter median survival. Our findings describe a novel mechanism through which miR-125b-5p not only regulates tumor growth in vivo, but also increases cellular resistance to proteasome inhibitors via modulation of MAD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Manfè
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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99
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Tagliaferri P, Rossi M, Di Martino MT, Amodio N, Leone E, Gulla A, Neri A, Tassone P. Promises and challenges of MicroRNA-based treatment of multiple myeloma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2013; 12:838-46. [PMID: 22671926 PMCID: PMC3504921 DOI: 10.2174/156800912802429355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) recently emerged with a key role in multiple myeloma (MM) pathophysiology and are considered important regulators of MM cell growth and survival. Since miRNAs can act either as oncogenes or tumour suppressors, the potential of targeting the miRNA network arises as a novel therapeutic approach for human cancer. Potential strategies based on miRNA therapeutics basically rely on miRNA inhibition or miRNA replacement approaches and take benefit respectively from the use of antagomirs or synthetic miRNAs as well as from lipid-based nanoparticles which allow an efficient miRNA-delivery. The availability of experimental in vivo platforms which recapitulate the growth of MM cells within the specific human bone marrow microenvironment in immunocompromised mice (SCID-hu and SCID-synth-hu) provides powerful systems for development of miRNA-based therapeutics in MM. Preliminary findings on the anti-MM activity of synthetic miRNAs in such experimental models offer a proof-of-principle that miRNA therapeutics is a promising opportunity for this still incurable disease representing the rationale for a new venue of investigation in this specific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tagliaferri
- Medical Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and T. Campanella Cancer Center, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
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100
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Wong KY, Yim RLH, Kwong YL, Leung CY, Hui PK, Cheung F, Liang R, Jin DY, Chim CS. Epigenetic inactivation of the MIR129-2 in hematological malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:16. [PMID: 23406679 PMCID: PMC3576298 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MIR129-2 has been shown to be a tumor suppressor microRNA hypermethylated in epithelial cancers. Patients and methods Epigenetic inactivation of MIR129-2 was studied by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) in 13 cell lines (eight myeloma and five lymphoma), 15 normal controls and 344 primary samples including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma (MM) at diagnosis, MM at relapse/progression, and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Expression of MIR129 and its target, SOX4, in cell lines was measured before and after hypomethylating treatment and MIR129 overexpression. MIR129 expression was correlated with MIR129-2 methylation status in primary lymphoma samples. Tumor suppressor function of MIR129 was demonstrated by MTT and trypan blue exclusion assay after MIR129 overexpression. Results The sensitivity of the methylated-MSP was one in 103. Different MSP statuses, including complete methylation, partial methylation, and complete unmethylation, were verified by quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing. All five lymphoma and seven of eight myeloma cell lines showed complete and partial MIR129-2 methylation. In primary samples, MIR129-2 methylation was absent in AML and CML, but detected in 5% ALL, 45.9% CLL, 49.5% MM at diagnosis, and 59.1% NHL. In CLL, MIR129-2 methylation adversely impacted on survival (p=0.004). In MM, MIR129-2 methylation increased from 27.5% MGUS to 49.5% MM at diagnosis and 41.5% at relapse/progression (p=0.023). In NHL, MIR129-2 methylation was associated with MIR124-1 and MIR203 methylation (p<0.001), and lower MIR129 expression (p=0.009). Hypomethylation treatment of JEKO-1, homozygously methylated for MIR129-2, led to MIR129-2 demethylation and MIR129 re-expression, with downregulation of SOX4 mRNA. Moreover, MIR129 overexpression in both mantle cell lines, JEKO-1 and GRANTA-519, inhibited cellular proliferation and enhanced cell death, with concomitant SOX4 mRNA downregulation. Conclusions MIR129-2 is a tumor suppressive microRNA frequently methylated in lymphoid but not myeloid malignancies, leading to reversible MIR129-2 silencing. In CLL, MIR129-2 methylation was associated with an inferior survival. In MM, MIR129-2 methylation might be acquired during progression from MGUS to symptomatic MM. In NHL, MIR129-2 methylation might collaborate with MIR124-1 and MIR203 methylation in lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Yeung Wong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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