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Ryu D, Lee JH, Kwak MK. NRF2 level is negatively correlated with TGF-β1-induced lung cancer motility and migration via NOX4-ROS signaling. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1297-1310. [PMID: 33242180 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a multifaceted factor in cancer biology that regulates cell proliferation and migration. Overactivation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2; NRF2) in cancers has been associated with facilitated tumor growth and therapy resistance; however, role in cancer migration has not been clearly explained yet. In this study, we investigated the role of NRF2 on TGF-β1-induced cell motility/migration. In NRF2-silenced lung cancer A549 cells, both basal and TGF-β1-inducible cell motility/migration increased compared to those in A549. SMAD transcription activity and phosphorylated SMAD2/3 levels were higher in TGF-β1-treated NRF2-low A549 cells than those in A549. Notably, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that were elevated by TGF-β1 treatment were higher in the NRF2-low A549 than those in control cells, and treatment with ROS scavenger blocked TGF-β1-induced cell motility. As an underlying molecular link, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) was associated with higher ROS elevation and cell motility of NRF2-low A549. NOX4 and TGF-β1-inducible NOX4 levels were higher in NRF2-low A549 cells than those in A549. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition of NOX4 blocked the TGF-β1-induced motility of NRF2-low A549 cells. Collectively, these results indicate that TGF-β1-induced cell motility/migration is facilitated in NRF2-inhibited lung cancer cells and that high levels of NOX4/ROS are associated with enhanced motility/migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoung Ryu
- Department of Pharmacy and BK21FOUR Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, Graduate School of the Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Lee
- Integrated Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kwak
- Department of Pharmacy and BK21FOUR Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, Graduate School of the Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea. .,Integrated Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea. .,College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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52
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An Overview of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Its Role in Inflammation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225474. [PMID: 33238435 PMCID: PMC7700122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key driver in many pathological conditions such as allergy, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and many others, and the current state of available drugs prompted researchers to explore new therapeutic targets. In this context, accumulating evidence indicates that the transcription factor Nrf2 plays a pivotal role controlling the expression of antioxidant genes that ultimately exert anti-inflammatory functions. Nrf2 and its principal negative regulator, the E3 ligase adaptor Kelch-like ECH- associated protein 1 (Keap1), play a central role in the maintenance of intracellular redox homeostasis and regulation of inflammation. Interestingly, Nrf2 is proved to contribute to the regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis, which is a potent anti-inflammatory target. Recent studies showed a connection between the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) system and the expression of inflammatory mediators, NF-κB pathway and macrophage metabolism. This suggests a new strategy for designing chemical agents as modulators of Nrf2 dependent pathways to target the immune response. Therefore, the present review will examine the relationship between Nrf2 signaling and the inflammation as well as possible approaches for the therapeutic modulation of this pathway.
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Wang L, Kuang Z, Zhang D, Gao Y, Ying M, Wang T. Reactive oxygen species in immune cells: A new antitumor target. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110978. [PMID: 33176269 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells have the potential to control the growth of tumor. However, this effect could be offset by immunosuppression associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species. Multiple studies indicate that the antitumor effect of immune cells is correlated with their antioxidant capacity. This review discusses the role of reactive oxygen species in the tumor microenvironment by describing their distinct effects on different immune cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. In the end, we conclude with the prospect of treatment for cancer by targeting antioxidant defense in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zheng Kuang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Duo Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yifan Gao
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mingzhen Ying
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Smolková K, Mikó E, Kovács T, Leguina-Ruzzi A, Sipos A, Bai P. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Regulating Cancer Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:966-997. [PMID: 31989830 PMCID: PMC7533893 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (NFE2L2, or NRF2) is a transcription factor predominantly affecting the expression of antioxidant genes. NRF2 plays a significant role in the control of redox balance, which is crucial in cancer cells. NRF2 activation regulates numerous cancer hallmarks, including metabolism, cancer stem cell characteristics, tumor aggressiveness, invasion, and metastasis formation. We review the molecular characteristics of the NRF2 pathway and discuss its interactions with the cancer hallmarks previously listed. Recent Advances: The noncanonical activation of NRF2 was recently discovered, and members of this pathway are involved in carcinogenesis. Further, cancer-related changes (e.g., metabolic flexibility) that support cancer progression were found to be redox- and NRF2 dependent. Critical Issues: NRF2 undergoes Janus-faced behavior in cancers. The pro- or antineoplastic effects of NRF2 are context dependent and essentially based on the specific molecular characteristics of the cancer in question. Therefore, systematic investigation of NRF2 signaling is necessary to clarify its role in cancer etiology. The biggest challenge in the NRF2 field is to determine which cancers can be targeted for better clinical outcomes. Further, large-scale genomic and transcriptomic studies are missing to correlate the clinical outcome with the activity of the NRF2 system. Future Directions: To exploit NRF2 in a clinical setting in the future, the druggable members of the NRF2 pathway should be identified. In addition, it will be important to study how the modulation of the NRF2 system interferes with cytostatic drugs and their combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Smolková
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alberto Leguina-Ruzzi
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary.,Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Xue D, Zhou X, Qiu J. Emerging role of NRF2 in ROS-mediated tumor chemoresistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110676. [PMID: 32858502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a central cause for the tumor management failure. Cancer cells disrupt the redox homeostasis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulatory mechanisms, leading to tumor progression and chemoresistance. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator of neutralizing cellular ROS and restoring redox balance. Understanding the role of NRF2 in ROS-mediated chemoresistance can be helpful in the development of chemotherapy strategies with better efficiency. In this review, we sum up the roles of ROS in the development of chemoresistance to classical chemotherapy agents including cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin, and how to overcome ROS-mediated tumor chemoresistance by targeting NRF2. Finally, we propose that targeting NRF2 might be a promising strategy to resist ROS-driven chemoresistance and acquire better efficacy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Xue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiongming Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiaxuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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56
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Chen X, Wang Q, Guo Z, Zhao Y, Luo S, Yu T, Zhang D, Wang G. Identification of the Nrf2 in the fathead minnow muscle cell line: role for a regulation in response to H 2O 2 induced the oxidative stress in fish cell. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1699-1711. [PMID: 32621163 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) plays a central role in cell protection against a wide variety of environmental stressors through the Nrf2-Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) pathway, but its involvement in modulation of antioxidant system of fish cell is still largely unexplored. The present study focused on the molecular cloning and silencing of the Nrf2 in the fathead minnow muscle cell line (FHM) in response to the oxidative stress induced by H2O2. A full-length cDNA of coding Nrf2 was cloned from FHM cells by RT-PCR and RACE approaches. The obtained cDNA covered 2578 bp with an open reading frame (1770 bp) of encoding 589 amino acids. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of conservation (51-86%) among 16 fishes. Based on the cloned Nrf2 sequence, the siRNA-242 of targeting Nrf2 with the best knocking down efficiency was designed and detected. Then, the mRNA levels of Keap1, Nrf2, Maf (musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene), and HO-1 (haemoxygenase-1); the activities of T-SOD (total superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase); the levels of GSH (glutathione) and MDA (malonaldehyde); and the cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed to investigate the molecular responses after H2O2 exposure. These results showed a coordinated transcriptional regulation of Keap1, Maf, and HO-1 and antioxidants (T-SOD, GSH, CAT, and GSH-PX) and MDA levels after H2O2 exposure, leading to oxidative damage and apoptosis. These findings provided an insight to understand the mechanisms of Nrf2 against oxidative stress in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Zhixin Guo
- College of life science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134001, Jilin, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- College of life science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134001, Jilin, China
| | - Sha Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Ting Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Dongming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.
- College of life science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134001, Jilin, China.
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
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57
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Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092626. [PMID: 32942545 PMCID: PMC7564060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) have been regarded as the main promoters of cancer development in recent years. They can protect tumor cells from being eliminated by neutralizing the anti-tumor response mediated by T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Therefore, different treatment methods targeting MDSCs, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, have been developed and proven to effectively inhibit tumor expansion. Herein, we summarize the immunosuppressive role of MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment and some effective treatments targeting MDSCs, and discuss the differences between different therapies. Abstract Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which are activated under pathological conditions, are a group of heterogeneous immature myeloid cells. MDSCs have potent capacities to support tumor growth via inhibition of the antitumoral immune response and/or the induction of immunosuppressive cells. In addition, multiple studies have demonstrated that MDSCs provide potential therapeutic targets for the elimination of immunosuppressive functions and the inhibition of tumor growth. The combination of targeting MDSCs and other therapeutic approaches has also demonstrated powerful antitumor effects. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and current strategies of cancer treatment by targeting MDSCs.
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58
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Thyagarajan A, Forino AS, Konger RL, Sahu RP. Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer Chemoprevention: Implications in Pancreatic Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080651. [PMID: 32717779 PMCID: PMC7464582 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring dietary agents present in a wide variety of plant products, are rich sources of phytochemicals possessing medicinal properties, and thus, have been used in folk medicine for ages to treat various ailments. The beneficial effects of such dietary components are frequently attributed to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, particularly in regards to their antineoplastic activities. As many tumor types exhibit greater oxidative stress levels that are implicated in favoring autonomous cell growth activation, most chemotherapeutic agents can also enhance tumoral oxidative stress levels in part via generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS-mediated imbalance of the cellular redox potential can provide novel drug targets, as a consequence, this ROS-mediated excessive damage to cellular functions, including oncogenic mutagenesis, has also been implicated in inducing chemoresistance. This remains one of the major challenges in the treatment and management of human malignancies. Antioxidant-enriched natural compounds offer one of the promising approaches in mitigating some of the underlying mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and therefore, have been extensively explored in cancer chemoprevention. Among various groups of dietary phytochemicals, polyphenols have been extensively explored for their underlying chemopreventive mechanisms in other cancer models. Thus, the current review highlights the significance and mechanisms of some of the highly studied polyphenolic compounds, with greater emphasis on pancreatic cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (R.P.S.); Tel.: +1-937-775-4603 (R.P.S.)
| | - Andrew S. Forino
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Boonshoft School of medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
| | - Raymond L. Konger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Ravi P. Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (R.P.S.); Tel.: +1-937-775-4603 (R.P.S.)
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Nrf2 Inhibitor, Brusatol in Combination with Trastuzumab Exerts Synergistic Antitumor Activity in HER2-Positive Cancers by Inhibiting Nrf2/HO-1 and HER2-AKT/ERK1/2 Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9867595. [PMID: 32765809 PMCID: PMC7387975 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9867595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The HER2-targeting antibody trastuzumab has shown effectiveness in treating HER2-positive breast and gastric cancers; however, its responses are limited. Currently, Nrf2 has been deemed as a key transcription factor in promoting cancer progression and resistance by crosstalk with other proliferative signaling pathways. Brusatol as a novel Nrf2 inhibitor has been deemed as an efficacious and safe drug candidate in cancer therapy. In this study, we firstly reported that brusatol exerted the growth-inhibitory effects on HER2-positive cancer cells by regressing Nrf2/HO-1 and HER2-AKT/ERK1/2 signaling pathways in these cells. More importantly, we found that brusatol synergistically enhanced the antitumor activity of trastuzumab against HER2-positive SK-OV-3 and BT-474 cells, which may be attributed to the inhibition of Nrf2/HO-1 and HER2-AKT/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Furthermore, the synergistic effects were also observed in BT-474 and SK-OV-3 tumor xenografts. In addition, our results showed that trastuzumab markedly enhanced brusatol-induced ROS accumulation and apoptosis level, which could further explain the synergistic effects. To conclude, the study provided a new insight on exploring Nrf2 inhibition in combination with HER2-targeted trastuzumab as a potential clinical treatment regimen in treating HER2-positive cancers.
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Hayashi M, Kuga A, Suzuki M, Panda H, Kitamura H, Motohashi H, Yamamoto M. Microenvironmental Activation of Nrf2 Restricts the Progression of Nrf2-Activated Malignant Tumors. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3331-3344. [PMID: 32636316 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 activates transcription of cytoprotective genes during oxidative and electrophilic insults. Nrf2 activity is regulated by Keap1 in a stress-dependent manner in normal cells, and somatic loss-of-function mutations of Keap1 are known to induce constitutive Nrf2 activation, especially in lung adenocarcinomas, conferring survival and proliferative benefits to tumors. Therefore, several therapeutic strategies that aim to inhibit Nrf2 in tumors have been developed for the treatment of Nrf2-activated cancers. Here we addressed whether targeting Nrf2 activation in the microenvironment can suppress the progression of Nrf2-activated tumors. We combined two types of Keap1-flox mice expressing variable levels of Keap1 with a Kras-driven adenocarcinoma model to generate Keap1-deficient lung tumors surrounded by normal or Keap1-knockdown host cells. In this model system, activation of Nrf2 in the microenvironment prolonged the survival of Nrf2-activated tumor-bearing mice. The Nrf2-activated microenvironment suppressed tumor burden; in particular, preinvasive lesion formation was significantly suppressed. Notably, loss of Nrf2 in bone marrow-derived cells in Nrf2-activated host cells appeared to counteract the suppression of Nrf2-activated cancer progression. Thus, these results demonstrate that microenvironmental Nrf2 activation suppresses the progression of malignant Nrf2-activated tumors and that Nrf2 activation in immune cells at least partially contributes to these suppressive effects. SIGNIFICANCE: This study clarifies the importance of Nrf2 activation in the tumor microenvironment and in the host for the suppression of malignant Nrf2-activated cancers and proposes new cancer therapies utilizing inducers of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Hayashi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kuga
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikiko Suzuki
- Center for Radioisotope Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Harit Panda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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Guo Z, Mo Z. Keap1‐Nrf2 signaling pathway in angiogenesis and vascular diseases. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:869-883. [PMID: 32336035 DOI: 10.1002/term.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Guo
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
| | - Zhaohui Mo
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
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Wu WL, Papagiannakopoulos T. The Pleiotropic Role of the KEAP1/NRF2 Pathway in Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The unregulated proliferative capacity of many tumors is dependent on dysfunctional nutrient utilization and ROS (reactive oxygen species) signaling to sustain a deranged metabolic state. Although it is clear that cancers broadly rely on these survival and signaling pathways, how they achieve these aims varies dramatically. Mutations in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway represent a potent cancer adaptation to exploit native cytoprotective pathways that involve both nutrient metabolism and ROS regulation. Despite activating these advantageous processes, mutations within KEAP1/ NRF2 are not universally selected for across cancers and instead appear to interact with particular tumor driver mutations and tissues of origin. Here, we highlight the relationship between the KEAP1/NRF2 signaling axis and tumor biology with a focus on genetic mutation, metabolism, immune regulation, and treatment implications and opportunities. Understanding the dysregulation of KEAP1 and NRF2 provides not only insight into a commonly mutated tumor suppressor pathway but also a window into the factors dictating the development and evolution of many cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren L. Wu
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Okazaki K, Papagiannakopoulos T, Motohashi H. Metabolic features of cancer cells in NRF2 addiction status. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:435-441. [PMID: 32112372 PMCID: PMC7242251 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The KEAP1-NRF2 system is a sulfur-employing defense mechanism against oxidative and electrophilic stress. NRF2 is a potent transcription activator for genes mediating sulfur-involving redox reactions, and KEAP1 controls the NRF2 activity in response to the stimuli by utilizing reactivity of sulfur atoms. In many human cancer cells, the KEAP1-mediated regulation of NRF2 activity is abrogated, resulting in the persistent activation of NRF2. Persistently activated NRF2 drives malignant progression of cancers by increasing therapeutic resistance and promoting aggressive tumorigenesis, a state termed as NRF2 addiction. In NRF2-addicted cancer cell, NRF2 contributes to metabolic reprogramming in cooperation with other oncogenic pathways. In particular, NRF2 strongly activates cystine uptake coupled with glutamate excretion and glutathione synthesis, which increases consumption of intracellular glutamate. Decreased availability of glutamate limits anaplerosis of the TCA cycle, resulting in low mitochondrial respiration, and nitrogen source, resulting in the high dependency on exogenous non-essential amino acids. The highly enhanced glutathione synthesis is also likely to alter sulfur metabolism, which can contribute to the maintenance of the mitochondrial membrane potential in normal cells. The potent antioxidant and detoxification capacity supported by abundant production of glutathione is achieved at the expense of central carbon metabolism and requires skewed metabolic flow of sulfur. These metabolic features of NRF2 addiction status provide clues for novel therapeutic strategies to target NRF2-addicted cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keito Okazaki
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Thales Papagiannakopoulos
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Potential Applications of NRF2 Modulators in Cancer Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030193. [PMID: 32106613 PMCID: PMC7139512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) regulatory pathway plays an essential role in protecting cells and tissues from oxidative, electrophilic, and xenobiotic stress. By controlling the transactivation of over 500 cytoprotective genes, the NRF2 transcription factor has been implicated in the physiopathology of several human diseases, including cancer. In this respect, accumulating evidence indicates that NRF2 can act as a double-edged sword, being able to mediate tumor suppressive or pro-oncogenic functions, depending on the specific biological context of its activation. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms that control NRF2 functions and the most appropriate context of its activation is a prerequisite for the development of effective therapeutic strategies based on NRF2 modulation. In line of principle, the controlled activation of NRF2 might reduce the risk of cancer initiation and development in normal cells by scavenging reactive-oxygen species (ROS) and by preventing genomic instability through decreased DNA damage. In contrast however, already transformed cells with constitutive or prolonged activation of NRF2 signaling might represent a major clinical hurdle and exhibit an aggressive phenotype characterized by therapy resistance and unfavorable prognosis, requiring the use of NRF2 inhibitors. In this review, we will focus on the dual roles of the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway in cancer promotion and inhibition, describing the mechanisms of its activation and potential therapeutic strategies based on the use of context-specific modulation of NRF2.
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Zeng Z, Wang ZY, Li YK, Ye DM, Zeng J, Hu JL, Chen PF, Xiao J, Zou J, Li ZH. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in non-small cell lung cancer. Life Sci 2020; 254:117325. [PMID: 31954159 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that can regulate downstream target gene expression. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) negatively regulates Nrf2 activation and translocation to target its 26S proteasomal degradation. It has been widely reported that the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway is associated with tumorigenesis, chemotherapy resistance and progression and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). High expression of Nrf2 and low abundance of Keap1 contribute to the abnormalities and unrealistic treatment prognosis of NSCLC. Therefore, elucidating the role and potential mechanism of Nrf2 in NSCLC is essential for understanding tumorigenesis and for the development of strategies for effective clinical management. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the molecular structure and biological function of Nrf2, and we discuss the roles of Nrf2 in tumorigenesis, which will further provide a possible therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, PR China
| | - Zi-Yao Wang
- Ultrasound B Imaging Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Yu-Kun Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Ye
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jia-Li Hu
- Department of Pathology, Jiujiang University Clinic College Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, PR China
| | - Pi-Feng Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jiujiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, PR China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, PR China
| | - Juan Zou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, PR China.
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Abstract
Cullin 3 (Cul3) family of ubiquitin ligases comprises three components, the RING finger protein RBX1, the Cul3 scaffold, and a Bric-a-brac/Tramtrack/Broad complex (BTB) protein. The BTB protein serves as a bridge to connect Cul3 to substrate and is functionally equivalent to the combination of substrate adaptor and linker in other Cullin complexes. Human genome encodes for ~180 BTB proteins, implying a broad spectrum of ubiquitination signals and substrate repertoire. Accordingly, Cul3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in diverse cellular processes, including cell division, differentiation, cytoskeleton remodeling, stress responses, and nerve cell functions. Emerging evidence has pointed to the prominent role of Cul3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer. This chapter will describe recent advances on the roles of Cul3 E3 ligase complexes in regulating various cancer hallmarks and therapeutic responses and the mutation/dysregulation of Cul3 substrate adaptors in cancer. In particular, we will focus on several extensively studied substrate adaptors, such as Keap1, SPOP, KLHL20, and LZTR1, and will also discuss other recently identified Cul3 adaptors with oncogenic or tumor-suppressive functions. We conclude that Cul3 ubiquitin ligases represent master regulators of human malignancies and highlight the importance of developing modulating agents for oncogenic/tumor-suppressive Cul3 E3 ligase complexes to prevent or intervene tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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67
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Milanese JS, Tibiche C, Zou J, Meng Z, Nantel A, Drouin S, Marcotte R, Wang E. Germline variants associated with leukocyte genes predict tumor recurrence in breast cancer patients. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:28. [PMID: 31701019 PMCID: PMC6825127 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-019-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline variants such as BRCA1/2 play an important role in tumorigenesis and clinical outcomes of cancer patients. However, only a small fraction (i.e., 5-10%) of inherited variants has been associated with clinical outcomes (e.g., BRCA1/2, APC, TP53, PTEN and so on). The challenge remains in using these inherited germline variants to predict clinical outcomes of cancer patient population. In an attempt to solve this issue, we applied our recently developed algorithm, eTumorMetastasis, which constructs predictive models, on exome sequencing data to ER+ breast (n = 755) cancer patients. Gene signatures derived from the genes containing functionally germline variants significantly distinguished recurred and non-recurred patients in two ER+ breast cancer independent cohorts (n = 200 and 295, P = 1.4 × 10-3). Furthermore, we compared our results with the widely known Oncotype DX test (i.e., Oncotype DX breast cancer recurrence score) and outperformed prediction for both high- and low-risk groups. Finally, we found that recurred patients possessed a higher rate of germline variants. In addition, the inherited germline variants from these gene signatures were predominately enriched in T cell function, antigen presentation, and cytokine interactions, likely impairing the adaptive and innate immune response thus favoring a pro-tumorigenic environment. Hence, germline genomic information could be used for developing non-invasive genomic tests for predicting patients' outcomes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chabane Tibiche
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2 Canada
| | - Jinfeng Zou
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2 Canada
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical Genetics, and Oncology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 12 Zhongguangcun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100086 China
| | - Andre Nantel
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2 Canada
| | - Simon Drouin
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2 Canada
| | - Richard Marcotte
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2 Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue W, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3 Canada
| | - Edwin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical Genetics, and Oncology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute and Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
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68
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Chen LH, Liao CY, Lai LC, Tsai MH, Chuang EY. Semaphorin 6A Attenuates the Migration Capability of Lung Cancer Cells via the NRF2/HMOX1 Axis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13302. [PMID: 31527696 PMCID: PMC6746772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental feature of cancer recurrence. Since recurrence is correlated with high mortality in lung cancer, it follows that reducing cell migration would decrease recurrence and increase survival rates. Semaphorin-6A (SEMA6A), a protein initially known as a regulator of axonal guidance, is down-regulated in lung cancer tissue, and low levels of SEMA6A are associated with cancer recurrence. Thus, we hypothesized that SEMA6A could suppress cancer cell migration. In this study, we found that the migration capability of H1299 lung cancer cells decreased with SEMA6A overexpression, while it increased with SEMA6A silencing. Moreover, silencing of the cellular homeostasis protein Heme-oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) and/or the transcription factor Nuclear Factor, Erythroid-2-Like-2 (NRF2) reversed the migration-suppressing effect of SEMA6A and the SEMA6A-driven alterations in expression of urokinase insulin-like-growth-factor-binding-protein-3, Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP9, the downstream effectors of HMOX1. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SEMA6A is a potential suppressor of cancer migration that functions through the NRF2/HMOX1 axis. Our results explain why low SEMA6A is linked to high recurrence in the clinical setting and suggest that SEMA6A could be useful as a biomarker or target in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yu Liao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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69
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Qin JJ, Cheng XD, Zhang J, Zhang WD. Dual roles and therapeutic potential of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:121. [PMID: 31511020 PMCID: PMC6740038 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal diseases with a very high rate of metastasis and low rate of survival. Despite the advances in understanding this devastating disease, PC still accounts for 3% of all cancers and causes almost 7% of death of cancer patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that the transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its key negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) are dysregulated in PC and the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway is an emerging target for PC prevention and therapy. Indeed, Nrf2 plays an either tumor-suppressive or promoting function in PC, which depends on the developmental stages of the disease and the cellular context. Several natural-product Nrf2 activators have been developed to prevent pancreatic carcinogenesis, while the Nrf2 inhibitors have been examined for their efficacy in inhibiting PC growth and metastasis and reversing chemoresistance. However, further preclinical and clinical studies for determining the effectiveness and safety of targeting the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway for PC prevention and therapy are warranted. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the dual roles of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in PC as well as the current targeting strategies and known activators and inhibitors of Nrf2. We also propose new strategies that may be used to address the current issues and develop more specific and more effective Nrf2 activator/inhibitors for PC prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Jiang Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
| | | | - Jia Zhang
- Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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70
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Yang Q, Deng H, Xia H, Xu M, Pan G, Mao J, Tao S, Yamanaka K, An Y. High NF-E2-related factor 2 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Free Radic Res 2019; 54:790-798. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1642472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianlei Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hanyi Deng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixuan Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengchuan Xu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Guotao Pan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Mao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shasha Tao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Yan An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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71
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Potential Applications of NRF2 Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8592348. [PMID: 31097977 PMCID: PMC6487091 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8592348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NRF2/KEAP1 pathway represents one of the most important cell defense mechanisms against exogenous or endogenous stressors. Indeed, by increasing the expression of several cytoprotective genes, the transcription factor NRF2 can shelter cells and tissues from multiple sources of damage including xenobiotic, electrophilic, metabolic, and oxidative stress. Importantly, the aberrant activation or accumulation of NRF2, a common event in many tumors, confers a selective advantage to cancer cells and is associated to malignant progression, therapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Hence, in the last years, NRF2 has emerged as a promising target in cancer treatment and many efforts have been made to identify therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting its prooncogenic role. By summarizing the results from past and recent studies, in this review, we provide an overview concerning the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway, its biological impact in solid and hematologic malignancies, and the molecular mechanisms causing NRF2 hyperactivation in cancer cells. Finally, we also describe some of the most promising therapeutic approaches that have been successfully employed to counteract NRF2 activity in tumors, with a particular emphasis on the development of natural compounds and the adoption of drug repurposing strategies.
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Role of Nrf2 and Its Activators in Respiratory Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7090534. [PMID: 30728889 PMCID: PMC6341270 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7090534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major regulator of antioxidant response element- (ARE-) driven cytoprotective protein expression. The activation of Nrf2 signaling plays an essential role in preventing cells and tissues from injury induced by oxidative stress. Under the unstressed conditions, natural inhibitor of Nrf2, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), traps Nrf2 in the cytoplasm and promotes the degradation of Nrf2 by the 26S proteasome. Nevertheless, stresses including highly oxidative microenvironments, impair the ability of Keap1 to target Nrf2 for ubiquitination and degradation, and induce newly synthesized Nrf2 to translocate to the nucleus to bind with ARE. Due to constant exposure to external environments, including diverse pollutants and other oxidants, the redox balance maintained by Nrf2 is fairly important to the airways. To date, researchers have discovered that Nrf2 deletion results in high susceptibility and severity of insults in various models of respiratory diseases, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), respiratory infections, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. Conversely, Nrf2 activation confers protective effects on these lung disorders. In the present review, we summarize Nrf2 involvement in the pathogenesis of the above respiratory diseases that have been identified by experimental models and human studies and describe the protective effects of Nrf2 inducers on these diseases.
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73
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Bhas G. Antioxidants in Cancer: A Little Knowledge Is a Dangerous Thing. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2018.1546626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang D, Rennhack J, Andrechek ER, Rockwell CE, Liby KT. Identification of an Unfavorable Immune Signature in Advanced Lung Tumors from Nrf2-Deficient Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1535-1552. [PMID: 29634345 PMCID: PMC6421995 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway in normal cells inhibits carcinogenesis, whereas constitutive activation of Nrf2 in cancer cells promotes tumor growth and chemoresistance. However, the effects of Nrf2 activation in immune cells during lung carcinogenesis are poorly defined and could either promote or inhibit cancer growth. Our studies were designed to evaluate tumor burden and identify immune cell populations in the lungs of Nrf2 knockout (KO) versus wild-type (WT) mice challenged with vinyl carbamate. RESULTS Nrf2 KO mice developed lung tumors earlier than the WT mice and exhibited more and larger tumors over time, even at late stages. T cell populations were lower in the lungs of Nrf2 KO mice, whereas tumor-promoting macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were elevated in the lungs and spleen, respectively, of Nrf2 KO mice relative to WT mice. Moreover, 34 immune response genes were significantly upregulated in tumors from Nrf2 KO mice, especially a series of cytokines (Cxcl1, Csf1, Ccl9, Cxcl12, etc.) and major histocompatibility complex antigens that promote tumor growth. INNOVATION Our studies discovered a novel immune signature, characterized by the infiltration of tumor-promoting immune cells, elevated cytokines, and increased expression of immune response genes in the lungs and tumors of Nrf2 KO mice. A complementary profile was also found in lung cancer patients, supporting the clinical significance of our findings. CONCLUSION Overall, our results confirmed a protective role for Nrf2 in late-stage carcinogenesis and, unexpectedly, suggest that activation of Nrf2 in immune cells may be advantageous for preventing or treating lung cancer. Antioxid. Redox Signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jonathan Rennhack
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Eran R. Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Cheryl E. Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Karen T. Liby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Yen CH, Hsiao HH. NRF2 Is One of the Players Involved in Bone Marrow Mediated Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3503. [PMID: 30405034 PMCID: PMC6274683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma with clonal plasma expansion in bone marrow is the second most common hematologic malignancy in the world. Though the improvement of outcomes from the achievement of novel agents in recent decades, the disease progresses and leads to death eventually due to the elusive nature of myeloma cells and resistance mechanisms to therapeutic agents. In addition to the molecular and genetic basis of resistance pathomechanisms, the bone marrow microenvironment also contributes to disease progression and confers drug resistance in myeloma cells. In this review, we focus on the current state of the literature in terms of critical bone marrow microenvironment components, including soluble factors, cell adhesion mechanisms, and other cellular components. Transcriptional factor nuclear factor erythroid-derived-2-like 2 (NRF2), a central regulator for anti-oxidative stresses and detoxification, is implicated in chemoresistance in several cancers. The functional roles of NRF2 in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and multiple myeloma cells, and the potential of targeting NRF2 for overcoming microenvironment-mediated drug resistance in multiple myeloma are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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76
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Dhamodharan U, Ponjayanthi B, Sireesh D, Bhakkiyalakshmi E, Ramkumar KM. Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the KEAP1 gene with the risk of various human diseases and its functional impact using in silico analysis. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:205-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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77
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Ohl K, Tenbrock K. Reactive Oxygen Species as Regulators of MDSC-Mediated Immune Suppression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2499. [PMID: 30425715 PMCID: PMC6218613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules are implicated in signal transduction pathways and thereby control a range of biological activities. Immune cells are constantly confronted with ROS molecules under both physiologic and pathogenic conditions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immunosuppressive, immature myeloid cells and serve as major regulators of pathogenic and inflammatory immune responses. In addition to their own release of ROS, MDSCs often arise in oxidative-stress prone environments such as in tumors or during inflammation and infection. This evidently close relationship between MDSCs and ROS prompted us to summarize what is currently known about ROS signaling within MDSCs and to elucidate how MDSCs use ROS to modulate other immune cells. ROS not only activate anti-oxidative pathways but also induce transcriptional programs that regulate the fate and function of MDSCs. Furthermore, MDSCs release ROS molecules as part of a major mechanism to suppress T cell responses. Targeting redox-regulation of MDSCs thus presents a promising approach to cancer therapy and the role of redox-signaling in MDSCs in other disease states such as infection, inflammation and autoimmunity would appear to be well worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Hanmer KL, Mavri-Damelin D. Peroxidasin is a novel target of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2. Gene 2018; 674:104-114. [PMID: 29953917 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidasin (PXDN) facilitates peroxidative reactions via utilisation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and has been shown to crosslink collagen IV through sulfilimine bond formation in the presence of hypohalous acids. Aberrant PXDN expression has been associated with kidney fibrosis, cancer, congenital eye defects and various cardiovascular disorders. Since PXDN expression is modified by H2O2, we hypothesized that a major antioxidant response transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), may regulate PXDN expression. PXDN expression in response to H2O2 and the Nrf2-specific inducers, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and sulforaphane (SFN), was determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy, in HeLa and HEK293 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were used to investigate the regulation of PXDN by Nrf2. We observed elevated Nrf2 nuclear translocation and increased PXDN protein expression in response to H2O2, tBHQ and SFN, in both cell lines. We found that Nrf2 binds to and increases luciferase reporter gene expression from the PXDN promoter via a putative Nrf2-binding site. In summary, we show that PXDN is a novel target of the redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2. This finding further highlights the role of PXDN in redox-related processes and compliments the currently understood pathophysiological functions of PXDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Hanmer
- The School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag X3, WITS 2050, South Africa
| | - Demetra Mavri-Damelin
- The School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag X3, WITS 2050, South Africa.
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79
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Khurana N, Sikka SC. Targeting Crosstalk between Nrf-2, NF-κB and Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100352. [PMID: 30257470 PMCID: PMC6210752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation and androgen receptor (AR) signaling play a pivotal role in the initiation, development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Numerous papers in the literature have documented the interconnection between oxidative stress and inflammation; and how antioxidants can combat the inflammation. It has been shown in the literature that both oxidative stress and inflammation regulate AR, the key receptor involved in the transition of PCa to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this review, we discuss about the importance of targeting Nrf-2-antioxidant signaling, NF-κB inflammatory response and AR signaling in PCa. Finally, we discuss about the crosstalk between these three critical pathways as well as how the anti-inflammatory antioxidant phytochemicals like sulforaphane (SFN) and curcumin (CUR), which can also target AR, can be ideal candidates in the chemoprevention of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Khurana
- Department of Internal Medicine-Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis Medical Campus, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA.
| | - Suresh C Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine,1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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80
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Singh S, Asal R, Bhagat S. Multifunctional antioxidant nanoliposome-mediated delivery of PTEN plasmids restore the expression of tumor suppressor protein and induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:3152-3164. [PMID: 30194716 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men and about one in nine will be diagnosed in his lifetime. Loss of PTEN has been considered as one of the major factors leading to the origin of prostate cancer through modulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In this study, we have prepared a multifunctional antioxidant nanoliposome containing PTEN plasmid and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs). The efficient delivery of PTEN plasmid to human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) leads to restoration of the expression of lost PTEN protein in the cell cytoplasm. The delivered superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic CeNPs were also found to decrease the cytoplasmic free radical levels in prostate cancer cells. The above two activities induced DNA fragmentation and micronucleus formation in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, it was also found that these multifunctional antioxidant nanoliposomes inhibit the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to negatively regulate the cell viability of prostate cancer cells. The mRNA expression pattern of other relevant proteins predominantly involved in cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis suggested that the high PTEN expression could control the synthesis of oncogenic proteins. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3152-3164, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Division of Biological and Life Science, School of Arts and Science, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Raghu Asal
- Division of Biological and Life Science, School of Arts and Science, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Stuti Bhagat
- Division of Biological and Life Science, School of Arts and Science, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
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81
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Feng R, Morine Y, Ikemoto T, Imura S, Iwahashi S, Saito Y, Shimada M. Nrf2 activation drive macrophages polarization and cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition during interaction. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:54. [PMID: 30180849 PMCID: PMC6122794 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) inhibits the anti-tumor inflammation, increases angiogenesis and promotes tumor progression. The transcription factor Nuclear Factor (erythroid-derived 2)-Like 2 (Nrf2) not only modulates the angiogenesis but also plays the anti-inflammatory role through inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines expression; however, the role of Nrf2 in the cancer cell and macrophages interaction is not clear. Methods Hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep G2 and Huh 7) and pancreatic cancer cells (SUIT2 and Panc-1) were co-cultured with monocytes cells (THP-1) or peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, then the phenotype changes of macrophages and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells were detected. Also, the role of Nrf2 in cancer cells and macrophages interaction were investigated. Results In this study, we found that cancer cells could induce an M2-like macrophage characterized by up-regulation of CD163 and Arg1, and down-regulation of IL-1b and IL-6 through Nrf2 activation. Also, Nrf2 activation of macrophages promoted VEGF expression. The Nrf2 activation of macrophages correlated with the reactive oxygen species induced by cancer cells derived lactate. Cancer cells educated macrophages could activate Nrf2 of the cancer cells, in turn, to increase cancer cells epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through paracrine VEGF. These findings suggested that Nrf2 played the important role in the cancer cells and macrophages interaction. Conclusions Macrophage Nrf2 activation by cancer cell-derived lactate skews macrophages polarization towards an M2-like phenotype and educated macrophages activate Nrf2 of the cancer cells to promote EMT of cancer cells. This study provides a new understanding of the role of Nrf2 in the cancer cell and TAM interaction and suggests a potential therapeutic target. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0262-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Satoru Imura
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shuichi Iwahashi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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82
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Rojo de la Vega M, Chapman E, Zhang DD. NRF2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:21-43. [PMID: 29731393 PMCID: PMC6039250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 976] [Impact Index Per Article: 162.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 is the master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response. Though recognized originally as a target of chemopreventive compounds that help prevent cancer and other maladies, accumulating evidence has established the NRF2 pathway as a driver of cancer progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Recent studies have identified new functions for NRF2 in the regulation of metabolism and other essential cellular functions, establishing NRF2 as a truly pleiotropic transcription factor. In this review, we explore the roles of NRF2 in the hallmarks of cancer, indicating both tumor suppressive and tumor-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Rojo de la Vega
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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83
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Ohl K, Fragoulis A, Klemm P, Baumeister J, Klock W, Verjans E, Böll S, Möllmann J, Lehrke M, Costa I, Denecke B, Schippers A, Roth J, Wagner N, Wruck C, Tenbrock K. Nrf2 Is a Central Regulator of Metabolic Reprogramming of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Steady State and Sepsis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1552. [PMID: 30034396 PMCID: PMC6043652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arising in inflammatory conditions, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are constantly confronted with intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species molecules and oxidative stress. Generating mice with a constitutive activation of Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) we show a pivotal role of the antioxidant stress defense for development of these immune-modulatory cells. These mice are characterized by a massive increase of splenic CD11b+Gr-1+ cells, which exhibit typical suppressive characteristics of MDSCs. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed Nrf2-dependent activation of cell cycle and metabolic pathways, which resemble pathways in CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSCs expanded by in vivo LPS exposure. Constitutive Nrf2 activation thereby regulates activation and balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism and hence expansion of highly suppressive MDSCs, which mediate protection in LPS-induced sepsis. Our study establishes Nrf2 as key regulator of MDSCs and acquired tolerance against LPS-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ohl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Molecular Tumor Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Klemm
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julian Baumeister
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Klock
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Verjans
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svenja Böll
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Möllmann
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan Costa
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF) Aachen, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF) Aachen, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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84
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Tang X, Wu S, Shen L, Wei Y, Cao X, Wang Y, Long C, Zhou Y, Li D, Huang F, Liu B, Wei G. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced testicular toxicity through Nrf2-mediated Notch1 signaling pathway in Sprague-Dawley rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:720-728. [PMID: 29663635 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an environmental endocrine disruptor widely used in China that is harmful to the male reproductive system. Many studies have shown that DEHP causes testicular toxicity through oxidative stress, but the specific mechanism is unknown. Because the Notch pathway is a key mechanism for regulating cell growth and proliferation, we investigated whether Notch is involved in DEHP-induced testicular toxicity and whether vitamins E and C could rescue testicular impairment in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Compared with the control group, we found that DEHP exposure induced testicular toxicity through oxidative stress injury, and it decreased the testosterone level (P < .01) and upregulated nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor (Nrf2) expression (P < .01). Therefore, because oxidative stress might be the initiating factor of DEHP-induced testicular toxicity, treatment with the antioxidant vitamins E and C activated the Notch1 signaling pathway in the testis and in Leydig cells. Treatment with vitamins E and C normalized the oxidative stress state after DEHP exposure and restored testicular development to be similar to the control group. In summary, antioxidant vitamins E and C may be used to treat DEHP-induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangliang Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Pediatric Urology Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xining Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yangcai Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Dian Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Fangyuan Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Department of Pediatric Urology Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
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85
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Yamamoto M, Kensler TW, Motohashi H. The KEAP1-NRF2 System: a Thiol-Based Sensor-Effector Apparatus for Maintaining Redox Homeostasis. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1169-1203. [PMID: 29717933 PMCID: PMC9762786 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1040] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-NF-E2-related factor 2 (KEAP1-NRF2) system forms the major node of cellular and organismal defense against oxidative and electrophilic stresses of both exogenous and endogenous origins. KEAP1 acts as a cysteine thiol-rich sensor of redox insults, whereas NRF2 is a transcription factor that robustly transduces chemical signals to regulate a battery of cytoprotective genes. KEAP1 represses NRF2 activity under quiescent conditions, whereas NRF2 is liberated from KEAP1-mediated repression on exposure to stresses. The rapid inducibility of a response based on a derepression mechanism is an important feature of the KEAP1-NRF2 system. Recent studies have unveiled the complexities of the functional contributions of the KEAP1-NRF2 system and defined its broader involvement in biological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as cytoprotection. In this review, we describe historical milestones in the initial characterization of the KEAP1-NRF2 system and provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms governing the functions of KEAP1 and NRF2, as well as their roles in physiology and pathology. We also refer to the clinical significance of the KEAP1-NRF2 system as an important prophylactic and therapeutic target for various diseases, particularly aging-related disorders. We believe that controlled harnessing of the KEAP1-NRF2 system is a key to healthy aging and well-being in humans.
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Anticancer Activity of Sulforaphane: The Epigenetic Mechanisms and the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5438179. [PMID: 29977456 PMCID: PMC6011061 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5438179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a compound derived from cruciferous vegetables that has been shown to be safe and nontoxic, with minimal/no side effects, has been extensively studied due to its numerous bioactivities, such as anticancer and antioxidant activities. SFN exerts its anticancer effects by modulating key signaling pathways and genes involved in the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of angiogenesis. SFN also upregulates a series of cytoprotective genes by activating nuclear factor erythroid-2- (NF-E2-) related factor 2 (Nrf2), a critical transcription factor activated in response to oxidative stress; Nrf2 activation is also involved in the cancer-preventive effects of SFN. Accumulating evidence supports that epigenetic modification is an important factor in carcinogenesis and cancer progression, as epigenetic alterations often contribute to the inhibition of tumor-suppressor genes and the activation of oncogenes, which enables cells to acquire cancer-promoting properties. Studies on the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of SFN have shown that SFN can reverse such epigenetic alterations in cancers by targeting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone deacetyltransferases (HDACs), and noncoding RNAs. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the anticancer activities of SFN and its mechanisms, with a particular emphasis on epigenetic modifications, including epigenetic reactivation of Nrf2.
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87
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Metformin Induces Apoptosis and Alters Cellular Responses to Oxidative Stress in Ht29 Colon Cancer Cells: Preliminary Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051478. [PMID: 29772687 PMCID: PMC5983851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that metformin, used as an antidiabetic drug, possesses anti-cancer properties. Metformin reduced the incidence and growth of experimental tumors in vivo. In a randomized clinical trial among nondiabetic patients, metformin treatment significantly decreased the number of aberrant crypt foci compared to the untreated group with a follow-up of 1 month. In our study, HT29 cells were treated with graded concentrations of metformin, 10 mM/25 mM/50 mM for 24/48 h. We performed immunofluorescence experiments by means of confocal microscopy and western blot analysis to evaluate a panel of factors involved in apoptotic/autophagic processes and oxidative stress response. Moreover, HT29 cells treated with metformin were analyzed by a flow cytometry assay to detect the cell apoptotic rate. The results demonstrate that metformin exerts growth inhibitory effects on cultured HT29 cells by increasing both apoptosis and autophagy; moreover, it affects the survival of cultured cells inhibiting the transcriptional activation of Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF-2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). The effects of metformin on HT29 cells were dose- and time-dependent. These results are very intriguing since metformin is emerging as a multi-faceted drug: It has a good safety profile and is associated with low cost and might be a promising candidate for the prevention or the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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88
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Xu H, Zhu X, Bao H, Wh Shek T, Huang Z, Wang Y, Wu X, Wu Y, Chang Z, Wu S, Tang Q, Zhang H, Han A, Mc Cheung K, Zou C, Yau R, Ho WY, Huang G, Batalha S, Lu J, Song G, Kang Y, Shao YW, Lam YL, Shen J, Wang J. Genetic and clonal dissection of osteosarcoma progression and lung metastasis. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1134-1142. [PMID: 29569716 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyuan Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Hua Bao
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc.; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Tony Wh Shek
- Department of Pathology; University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong China
| | - Zongwen Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics; the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Zhuhai China
| | - Yongqian Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xue Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc.; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Yong Wu
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Zhili Chang
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Shuyu Wu
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Qinglian Tang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Huizhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Guangzhou China
| | - Anjia Han
- Department of Pathology; the first Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Kenneth Mc Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong China
| | - Changye Zou
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Raymond Yau
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong China
| | - Wai-Yip Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Sellma Batalha
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Centro Hospitalar Conde de Sao Januario; Macau China
| | - Jinchang Lu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Guohui Song
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yao Kang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yang W. Shao
- Translational Medicine Research Institute, Geneseeq Technology Inc.; Toronto Ontario Canada
- School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Ying Lee Lam
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology; University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong China
| | - Jingnan Shen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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89
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Kitamura H, Motohashi H. NRF2 addiction in cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:900-911. [PMID: 29450944 PMCID: PMC5891176 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐like 2 (KEAP1‐NRF2) system is a pivotal defense mechanism against oxidative and electrophilic stress. Although transient NRF2 activation in response to stress is beneficial for health, persistent NRF2 activation in cancer cells has deleterious effects on cancer‐bearing hosts by conferring therapeutic resistance and aggressive tumorigenic activity on cancer cells. Because NRF2 increases the antioxidant and detoxification capability of cancer cells, persistently high levels of NRF2 activity enhance therapeutic resistance of cancer cells. NRF2 also drives metabolic reprogramming to establish cellular metabolic processes that are advantageous for cell proliferation in cooperation with other oncogenic pathways. As a result of these advantages, cancer cells with persistent activation of NRF2 often develop “NRF2 addiction” and show malignant phenotypes leading to poor prognoses in cancer patients. Inhibition of NRF2 is a promising therapeutic approach for NRF2‐addicted cancers and NRF2 inhibitors are being actively developed. However, giving systemic NRF2 inhibitors might have undesirable effects on cancer‐bearing hosts, considering the central roles of NRF2 in cytoprotection. To avoid these side‐effects, new therapeutic targets besides NRF2 for NRF2‐addicted cancers have been actively explored. This review introduces recent studies describing the development and characterization of NRF2‐addicted cancers, as well as their potential therapeutic targets. Expected advances in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for NRF2‐addicted cancers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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90
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Chikara S, Nagaprashantha LD, Singhal J, Horne D, Awasthi S, Singhal SS. Oxidative stress and dietary phytochemicals: Role in cancer chemoprevention and treatment. Cancer Lett 2017; 413:122-134. [PMID: 29113871 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological observations have shown an inverse relation between consumption of plant-based foods, rich in phytochemicals, and incidence of cancer. Phytochemicals, secondary plant metabolites, via their antioxidant property play a key role in cancer chemoprevention by suppressing oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. In addition, they modulate several oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathways through their anti-oxidant effects, and ultimately protect cells from undergoing molecular changes that trigger carcinogenesis. In several instances, however, the pro-oxidant property of these phytochemicals has been observed with respect to cancer treatment. Further, in vitro and in vivo studies show that several phytochemicals potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents by exacerbating oxidative stress in cancer cells. Therefore, we reviewed multiple studies investigating the role of dietary phytochemicals such as, curcumin (turmeric), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; green tea), resveratrol (grapes), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), sulforaphane (cruciferous vegetables), hesperidin, quercetin and 2'-hydroxyflavanone (2HF; citrus fruits) in regulating oxidative stress and associated signaling pathways in the context of cancer chemoprevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Chikara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lokesh Dalasanur Nagaprashantha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jyotsana Singhal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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91
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Jacamo R, Davis RE, Ling X, Sonnylal S, Wang Z, Ma W, Zhang M, Ruvolo P, Ruvolo V, Wang RY, McQueen T, Lowe S, Zuber J, Kornblau SM, Konopleva M, Andreeff M. Tumor Trp53 status and genotype affect the bone marrow microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:83354-83369. [PMID: 29137349 PMCID: PMC5663521 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the variable responses of individual patients to therapy suggest that different AML genotypes may influence the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in different ways. We performed gene expression profiling of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) isolated from normal C57BL/6 mice or mice inoculated with syngeneic murine leukemia cells carrying different human AML genotypes, developed in mice with Trp53 wild-type or nullgenetic backgrounds. We identified a set of genes whose expression in BM-MSC was modulated by all four AML genotypes tested. In addition, there were sets of differentially-expressed genes in AML-exposed BM-MSC that were unique to the particular AML genotype or Trp53 status. Our findings support the hypothesis that leukemia cells alter the transcriptome of surrounding BM stromal cells, in both common and genotype-specific ways. These changes are likely to be advantageous to AML cells, affecting disease progression and response to chemotherapy, and suggest opportunities for stroma-targeting therapy, including those based on AML genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Jacamo
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R. Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sonali Sonnylal
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wencai Ma
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivian Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rui-Yu Wang
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Teresa McQueen
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott Lowe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steven M. Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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92
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Vandereyken M, Jacques S, Van Overmeire E, Amand M, Rocks N, Delierneux C, Singh P, Singh M, Ghuysen C, Wathieu C, Zurashvili T, Sounni NE, Moutschen M, Gilles C, Oury C, Cataldo D, Van Ginderachter JA, Rahmouni S. Dusp3 deletion in mice promotes experimental lung tumour metastasis in a macrophage dependent manner. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185786. [PMID: 29020102 PMCID: PMC5636116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia-H1 Related (VHR) dual-specificity phosphatase, or DUSP3, plays an important role in cell cycle regulation and its expression is altered in several human cancers. In mouse model, DUSP3 deletion prevents neo-angiogenesis and b-FGF-induced microvessel outgrowth. Considering the importance of angiogenesis in metastasis formation, our study aimed to investigate the role of DUSP3 in tumour cell dissemination. Using a Lewis Lung carcinoma (LLC) experimental metastasis model, we observed that DUSP3-/- mice developed larger lung metastases than littermate controls. DUSP3-/- bone marrow transfer to lethally irradiated DUSP3+/+ mice was sufficient to transfer the phenotype to DUSP3+/+ mice, indicating that hematopoietic cells compartment was involved in the increased tumour cell dissemination to lung tissues. Interestingly, we found a higher percentage of tumour-promoting Ly6Cint macrophages in DUSP3-/- LLC-bearing lung homogenates that was at least partially due to a better recruitment of these cells. This was confirmed by 1) the presence of higher number of the Ly6Bhi macrophages in DUSP3-/- lung homogenates and by 2) the better migration of DUSP3-/- bone marrow sorted monocytes, peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs), compared to DUSP3+/+ monocytes, macrophages and BMDMs, in response to LLC-conditioned medium. Our study demonstrates that DUSP3 phosphatase plays a key role in metastatic growth through a mechanism involving the recruitment of macrophages towards LLC-bearing lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Vandereyken
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Jacques
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eva Van Overmeire
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB inflammation research center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Amand
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natacha Rocks
- Laboratory of Tumour and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Delierneux
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maneesh Singh
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Camille Ghuysen
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Wathieu
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tinatin Zurashvili
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nor Eddine Sounni
- Laboratory of Tumour and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Gilles
- Laboratory of Tumour and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Oury
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Tumour and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB inflammation research center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Unit, GIGA-I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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93
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IL-11 contribution to tumorigenesis in an NRF2 addiction cancer model. Oncogene 2017; 36:6315-6324. [PMID: 28714957 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment is an important determinant of the pathological nature of cancers, particularly their tumorigenic abilities. The KEAP1-NRF2 system, originally identified as a critical defense mechanism against oxidative stress, is often dysregulated in various human cancers forming solid tumors, resulting in the aberrant activation of NRF2. Increased accumulation of NRF2 in cancers is strongly associated with the poor prognoses of cancer patients, including those with lung and breast cancers. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that aberrantly activated NRF2 in cancer cells drives their malignant progression and that the cancer cells consequently develop 'NRF2 addiction.' Although the downstream effectors of NRF2 that are responsible for cancer malignancy have been extensively studied, mechanisms of how NRF2 activation contributes to the aggressive tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found a significant correlation between NRF2 and IL-11 status in breast cancer patients. Based on a recent report demonstrating that IL-11 is induced downstream of NRF2, we examined the significance of IL-11 in NRF2-driven tumorigenesis with a newly established NRF2 addiction cancer model. Expression of Il11 was elevated during the tumorigenesis of the NRF2 addiction cancer model, but intriguingly, it was hardly detected when the cancer model cells were cultured in vitro. These results imply that a signal originating from the microenvironment cooperates with NRF2 to activate Il11. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the influence of the microenvironment on the NRF2 pathway in cancer cells and the contribution of NRF2 to the secretory phenotypes of cancers. Disruption of Il11 in the NRF2 addiction cancer model remarkably inhibited the tumorigenesis, suggesting an essential role of IL-11 in NRF2-driven tumorigenesis. Thus, this study suggests that IL-11 is a potential therapeutic target for NRF2-addicted breast cancers.
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94
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Xu J, Zhang W, Lu Z, Zhang F, Ding W. Airborne PM 2.5-Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance by Nrf2/JNK-Mediated Signaling Pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070787. [PMID: 28708100 PMCID: PMC5551225 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal and epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying this risk is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PM2.5 exposure on glucose homeostasis and related signaling pathways in mice. Wild-type and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) knockout (Nrf2−/−) C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to either ambient concentrated PM2.5 or filtered air (FA) for 12 weeks through a whole-body PM exposure system. At the end of the exposure, we assessed liver damage, and performed metabolic studies, gene expressions, as well as molecular signal transductions to determine the signaling pathways involving oxidative responses, insulin signaling, and glucose metabolism. Our results indicated that PM2.5 exposure for 12 weeks caused significant liver damage as evidenced by elevated levels of aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure induced impaired glucose tolerance and inhibited glycogen synthesis, leading to hepatic insulin resistance indicated by higher glucose levels, higher area under the curve (AUC), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values. We further found that PM2.5 exposure significantly increased the expressions of Nrf2 and Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes. Moreover, PM2.5 exposure activated the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway and increased insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation at Ser307, but reduced protein kinase B phosphorylation at Ser473. Taken together, our study demonstrated PM2.5 exposure triggered Nrf2-mediated oxidative responses and activated the JNK-mediated inhibitory signaling pathway, resulting in hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Xu
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Zhongguancun South 1st Alley, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhongbing Lu
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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95
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Jeddi F, Soozangar N, Sadeghi MR, Somi MH, Samadi N. Contradictory roles of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer prevention/promotion and chemoresistance. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 54:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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96
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Wang J, Liu Z, Hu T, Han L, Yu S, Yao Y, Ruan Z, Tian T, Huang T, Wang M, Jing L, Nan K, Liang X. Nrf2 promotes progression of non-small cell lung cancer through activating autophagy. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1053-1062. [PMID: 28402166 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1312224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor, NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and autophagy have been implicated in the oxidative-stress response during tumor evolution. However, few studies focus on crosstalk between Nrf2 and autophagy in cancer progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we evaluated the effect of Nrf2 on autophagy in NSCLC and their role in development of NSCLC. Effect of Nrf2 on overal survival (OS) of NSCLC patients were evaluated. Cell biological behaviors in response to Nrf2 were evaluated by MTT, colony formation assay and flow cytometry. Effect of 3-MA (a classical inhibitor of autophagy) on 95D-Nrf2 cells was also analyzed using flow cytometry. After up/down-regulating Nrf2 in NSCLC cell lines, expression of autophagy-related proteins were evaluated with western blot analysis. The results revealed that Nrf2 was an independent prognositc factor negtively associated with OS of NSCLC patients. Elevated Nrf2 expression promotes NSCLC progression, enhancing the escape of tumor cells from apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Double staining with Annexin V-APC and 7-AAD showed that the proportions of apoptotic cells in 95D-Nrf2 cells were gradually increased after the addition of 3-MA. Importently, Nrf2 induced autophagosome formation and enhanced autophagic activity, which subsequently inhibits NSCLC cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our present study demonstrates that Nrf2 promotes progression of non-small cell lung cancer through activating autophagy. It provides novel insights into Nrf2-mediated of cell proliferation in NSCLC and may facilitate therapeutic development against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- a Department of Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , P. R. China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- a Department of Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , P. R. China.,b Department of Respiration, Department of Respiratory Medicine , Xi'an Central Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , P. R. China
| | - Tinghua Hu
- c Department of Respiration , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , P. R. China
| | - Lili Han
- d Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , P. R. China
| | - Shuo Yu
- e Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , P. R. China
| | - Yu Yao
- a Department of Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Ruan
- a Department of Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , P. R. China
| | - Tao Tian
- a Department of Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , P. R. China
| | - Tianhe Huang
- a Department of Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , P. R. China
| | - Mincong Wang
- d Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , P. R. China
| | - Li Jing
- a Department of Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , P. R. China
| | - Kejun Nan
- a Department of Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , P. R. China
| | - Xuan Liang
- a Department of Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , P. R. China
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97
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Thyagarajan A, Sahu RP. Potential Contributions of Antioxidants to Cancer Therapy: Immunomodulation and Radiosensitization. Integr Cancer Ther 2017. [PMID: 28627256 PMCID: PMC6041931 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416681639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants play important roles in the maintenance of cellular integrity and thus are critical in maintaining the homeostasis of the host immune system. A balance between the levels of pro-oxidants and antioxidants defines the cellular fate of genomic integrity via maintaining the redox status of the cells. An aberration in this balance modulates host immunity that affects normal cellular signaling pathways resulting in uncontrolled proliferation of cells leading to neocarcinogenesis. For decades, there have been scientific debates on the use of antioxidants for the treatment of human cancers. This review is focused on current updates on the implications of antioxidant use as adjuncts in cancer therapy with an emphasis on immunomodulation and radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi P. Sahu
- Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
- Ravi P. Sahu, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 230 Health Sciences Building, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435-0001, USA.
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98
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Tsuchida K, Tsujita T, Hayashi M, Ojima A, Keleku-Lukwete N, Katsuoka F, Otsuki A, Kikuchi H, Oshima Y, Suzuki M, Yamamoto M. Halofuginone enhances the chemo-sensitivity of cancer cells by suppressing NRF2 accumulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 103:236-247. [PMID: 28039084 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The KEAP1-NRF2 system regulates the cellular defence against oxidative and xenobiotic stresses. NRF2 is a transcription factor that activates the expression of cytoprotective genes encoding antioxidative, detoxifying and metabolic enzymes as well as transporters. Under normal conditions, KEAP1 represses NRF2 activity by degrading the NRF2 protein. When cells are exposed to stresses, KEAP1 stops promoting NRF2 degradation, and NRF2 rapidly accumulates and activates the transcription of target genes. Constitutive accumulation of NRF2 via a variety of mechanisms that disrupt KEAP1-mediated NRF2 degradation has been observed in various cancer types. Constitutive NRF2 accumulation confers cancer cells with a proliferative advantage as well as resistance to anti-cancer drugs and radiotherapies. To suppress the chemo- and radio-resistance of cancer cells caused by NRF2 accumulation, we conducted high-throughput chemical library screening for NRF2 inhibitors and identified febrifugine derivatives. We found that application of the less-toxic derivative halofuginone in a low dose range rapidly reduced NRF2 protein levels. Halofuginone induced a cellular amino acid starvation response that repressed global protein synthesis and rapidly depleted NRF2. Halofuginone treatment ameliorated the resistance of NRF2-addicted cancer cells to anti-cancer drugs both in vitro and in vivo. These results provide preclinical proof-of-concept evidence for halofuginone as an NRF2 inhibitor applicable to treatment of chemo- and radio-resistant forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Tsuchida
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Tsujita
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Makiko Hayashi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Asaka Ojima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nadine Keleku-Lukwete
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Fumiki Katsuoka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Akihito Otsuki
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Oshima
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mikiko Suzuki
- Center for Radioisotope Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan.
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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as an Emerging Drug Target to Regulate Antioxidant Response Element System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8584930. [PMID: 28191280 PMCID: PMC5278225 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8584930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in pathophysiology and pathological conditions of numerous human diseases. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying the redox homeostasis in cells and organs is valuable for discovery of therapeutic drugs for oxidative stress-related diseases. Recently, by applying chemical biology approach with an ARE activator, BTZO-1, we found macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a new regulator of antioxidant response element- (ARE-) mediated gene transcription. BTZO-1 and its active derivatives bound to MIF and protected cells and organs from oxidative insults via ARE activation in animal models with oxidative stress such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, inflammatory bowel diseases, and septic shock. In this review, we briefly highlight key findings in understanding the MIF-ARE system.
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100
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Gill JG, Piskounova E, Morrison SJ. Cancer, Oxidative Stress, and Metastasis. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 81:163-175. [PMID: 28082378 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2016.81.030791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that arise from a number of cellular sources, including oxidative metabolism in mitochondria. At low levels they can be advantageous to cells, activating signaling pathways that promote proliferation or survival. At higher levels, ROS can damage or kill cells by oxidizing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It was hypothesized that antioxidants might benefit high-risk patients by reducing the rate of ROS-induced mutations and delaying cancer initiation. However, dietary supplementation with antioxidants has generally proven ineffective or detrimental in clinical trials. High ROS levels limit cancer cell survival during certain windows of cancer initiation and progression. During these periods, dietary supplementation with antioxidants may promote cancer cell survival and cancer progression. This raises the possibility that rather than treating cancer patients with antioxidants, they should be treated with pro-oxidants that exacerbate oxidative stress or block metabolic adaptations that confer oxidative stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G Gill
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Elena Piskounova
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Sean J Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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