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Gu J, Wu F, Xu W, Shi J, Hu W, Jin N, Qian W, Wang X, Iqbal K, Gong CX, Liu F. TDP-43 suppresses tau expression via promoting its mRNA instability. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:6177-6193. [PMID: 28335005 PMCID: PMC5449590 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, tau pathology is accompanied usually by intracellular aggregation of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). However, the role of TDP-43 in tau pathogenesis is not understood. Here, we investigated the role of TDP-43 in tau expression in vitro and in vivo. We found that TDP-43 suppressed tau expression by promoting its mRNA instability through the UG repeats of its 3΄-untranslated region (3΄-UTR). The C-terminal region of TDP-43 was required for this function. Neurodegenerative diseases-causing TDP-43 mutations affected tau mRNA instability differentially, in that some promoted and others did not significantly affect tau mRNA instability. The expression levels of tau and TDP-43 were inverse in the frontal cortex and the cerebellum. Accompanied with cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43, tau expression was elevated in TDP-43M337V transgenic mouse brains. The level of TDP-43, which is decreased in AD brains, was found to correlate negatively with the tau level in human brain. Our findings indicate that TDP-43 suppresses tau expression by promoting the instability of its mRNA. Down-regulation of TDP-43 may be involved in the tau pathology in AD and related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and ministry of education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and ministry of education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and ministry of education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and ministry of education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Wen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and ministry of education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Nana Jin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and ministry of education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and ministry of education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and ministry of education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and ministry of education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 718 494 5263; Fax: +1 718 494 1080;
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Sambataro F, Pennuto M. Post-translational Modifications and Protein Quality Control in Motor Neuron and Polyglutamine Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:82. [PMID: 28408866 PMCID: PMC5374214 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including motor neuron and polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, are a broad class of neurological disorders. These diseases are characterized by neuronal dysfunction and death, and by the accumulation of toxic aggregation-prone proteins in the forms of inclusions and micro-aggregates. Protein quality control is a cellular mechanism to reduce the burden of accumulation of misfolded proteins, a function that results from the coordinated actions of chaperones and degradation systems, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy-lysosomal degradation system. The rate of turnover, aggregation and degradation of the disease-causing proteins is modulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, arginine methylation, palmitoylation, acetylation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination, and proteolytic cleavage. Here, we describe how PTMs of proteins linked to motor neuron and polyQ diseases can either enhance or suppress protein quality control check and protein aggregation and degradation. The identification of molecular strategies targeting these modifications may offer novel avenues for the treatment of these yet incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of UdineUdine, Italy
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Centre for Integrative Biology, Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of TrentoTrento, Italy
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Vile AR, Atkinson L. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: The cellular sequela to repetitive brain injury. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 41:24-29. [PMID: 28347679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to integrate current literature on the pathogenic mechanisms of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) to create a multifactorial understanding of the disease. CTE is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, classed as a tauopathy, although it appears the pathogenic mechanisms are more complex than this. It affects those with a history of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Currently, there are no treatments for CTE and the disease can only be affirmatively diagnosed in post mortem. Understanding the pathogenesis of the disease will provide an avenue to explore possible treatment and diagnostic modalities. The pathological hallmarks of CTE have been well characterised and have been linked to the pathophysiologic mechanisms in this review. Human studies are limited due to ethical implications of exposing subjects to head trauma. Phosphorylation of tau, microglial activation, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 and diffuse axonal injury have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of CTE. The neuronal loss and axonal dysfunction mediated by these pathognomonic mechanisms lead to the broad psycho-cognitive symptoms seen in CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Vile
- James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry, Australia.
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Wobst HJ, Wesolowski SS, Chadchankar J, Delsing L, Jacobsen S, Mukherjee J, Deeb TZ, Dunlop J, Brandon NJ, Moss SJ. Cytoplasmic Relocalization of TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 Is Not Sufficient to Reproduce Cellular Pathologies Associated with ALS In vitro. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:46. [PMID: 28286471 PMCID: PMC5323424 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene TARDBP, which encodes TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), are a rare cause of familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). While the majority of mutations are found in the C-terminal glycine-rich domain, an alanine to valine amino acid change at position 90 (A90V) in the bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) of TDP-43 has been described. This sequence variant has previously been shown to cause cytoplasmic mislocalization of TDP-43 and decrease protein solubility, leading to the formation of insoluble aggregates. Since the A90V mutation has been described both in patients as well as healthy controls, its pathogenic potential in ALS and FTD remains unclear. Here we compare properties of overexpressed A90V to the highly pathogenic M337V mutation. Though both mutations drive mislocalization of the protein to the cytoplasm to the same extent, M337V produces more significant damage in terms of protein solubility, levels of pathogenic phosphorylation, and formation of C-terminal truncated protein species. Furthermore, the M337V, but not the A90V mutant, leads to a downregulation of histone deacetylase 6 and Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein. We conclude that in the absence of another genetic or environmental ‘hit’ the A90V variant is not sufficient to cause the deleterious phenotypes associated with ALS and FTD, despite prominent cytoplasmic protein relocalization of TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike J Wobst
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Steven S Wesolowski
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Neuroscience IMED, AstraZeneca, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Jayashree Chadchankar
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Louise Delsing
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, BostonMA, USA; IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Discovery ScienceMölndal, Sweden
| | - Steven Jacobsen
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Neuroscience IMED, AstraZeneca, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Jayanta Mukherjee
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Tarek Z Deeb
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - John Dunlop
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Neuroscience IMED, AstraZeneca, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Neuroscience IMED, AstraZeneca, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Moss
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, BostonMA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, BostonMA, USA
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Jayakumar AR, Tong XY, Shamaladevi N, Barcelona S, Gaidosh G, Agarwal A, Norenberg MD. Defective synthesis and release of astrocytic thrombospondin-1 mediates the neuronal TDP-43 proteinopathy, resulting in defects in neuronal integrity associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy: in vitro
studies. J Neurochem 2017; 140:645-661. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao Y. Tong
- Departments of Pathology; University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
| | | | - Stephanie Barcelona
- Departments of Pathology; University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
| | - Gabriel Gaidosh
- Ophthalmology; University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
| | - Apeksha Agarwal
- Departments of Pathology; University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
| | - Michael D. Norenberg
- Laboratory of Neuropathology; Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Miami Florida USA
- Departments of Pathology; University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
- Neurology; University of Miami School of Medicine; Miami Florida USA
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis Converges on Defects in Protein Homeostasis Associated with TDP-43 Mislocalization and Proteasome-Mediated Degradation Overload. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 121:111-171. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zufiría M, Gil-Bea FJ, Fernández-Torrón R, Poza JJ, Muñoz-Blanco JL, Rojas-García R, Riancho J, López de Munain A. ALS: A bucket of genes, environment, metabolism and unknown ingredients. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 142:104-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yamashita T, Teramoto S, Kwak S. Phosphorylated TDP-43 becomes resistant to cleavage by calpain: A regulatory role for phosphorylation in TDP-43 pathology of ALS/FTLD. Neurosci Res 2016; 107:63-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sengupta U, Nilson AN, Kayed R. The Role of Amyloid-β Oligomers in Toxicity, Propagation, and Immunotherapy. EBioMedicine 2016; 6:42-49. [PMID: 27211547 PMCID: PMC4856795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is growing every day and finding an effective treatment is becoming more vital. Amyloid-β (Aβ) has been the focus of research for several decades. The recent shift in the Aβ cascade hypothesis from all Aβ to small soluble oligomeric intermediates is directing the search for therapeutics towards the toxic mediators of the disease. Targeting the most toxic oligomers may prove to be an effective treatment by preventing their spread. Specific targeting of oligomers has been shown to protect cognition in rodent models. Additionally, the heterogeneity of research on Aβ oligomers may seem contradictory until size and conformation are taken into account. In this review, we will discuss Aβ oligomers and their toxicity in relation to size and conformation as well as their influence on inflammation and the potential of Aβ oligomer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Sengupta
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ashley N Nilson
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Nonaka T, Suzuki G, Tanaka Y, Kametani F, Hirai S, Okado H, Miyashita T, Saitoe M, Akiyama H, Masai H, Hasegawa M. Phosphorylation of TAR DNA-binding Protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) by Truncated Casein Kinase 1δ Triggers Mislocalization and Accumulation of TDP-43. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5473-5483. [PMID: 26769969 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.695379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular aggregates of phosphorylated TDP-43 are a major component of ubiquitin-positive inclusions in the brains of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration and ALS and are considered a pathological hallmark. Here, to gain insight into the mechanism of intracellular TDP-43 accumulation, we examined the relationship between phosphorylation and aggregation of TDP-43. We found that expression of a hyperactive form of casein kinase 1 δ (CK1δ1-317, a C-terminally truncated form) promotes mislocalization and cytoplasmic accumulation of phosphorylated TDP-43 (ubiquitin- and p62-positive) in cultured neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Insoluble phosphorylated TDP-43 prepared from cells co-expressing TDP-43 and CK1δ1-317 functioned as seeds for TDP-43 aggregation in cultured cells, indicating that CK1δ1-317-induced aggregated TDP-43 has prion-like properties. A striking toxicity and alterations of TDP-43 were also observed in yeast expressing TDP-43 and CK1δ1-317. Therefore, abnormal activation of CK1δ causes phosphorylation of TDP-43, leading to the formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregates, which, in turn, may trigger neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shinobu Hirai
- Departments of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration
| | - Haruo Okado
- Departments of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration
| | | | | | | | - Hisao Masai
- Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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Cacabelos D, Ayala V, Granado-Serrano AB, Jové M, Torres P, Boada J, Cabré R, Ramírez-Núñez O, Gonzalo H, Soler-Cantero A, Serrano JCE, Bellmunt MJ, Romero MP, Motilva MJ, Nonaka T, Hasegawa M, Ferrer I, Pamplona R, Portero-Otín M. Interplay between TDP-43 and docosahexaenoic acid-related processes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 88:148-60. [PMID: 26805387 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key lipid in nervous system homeostasis, is depleted in the spinal cord of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) patients. However, the basis for such loss was unknown. METHODS DHA synthetic machinery was evaluated in spinal cord samples from ALS patients and controls by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Further, lipid composition was measured in organotypic spinal cord cultures by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. In these samples, mitochondrial respiratory functions were measured by high resolution respirometry. Finally, Neuro2-A and stem cell-derived human neurons were used for evaluating mechanistic relationships between TDP-43 aggregation, oxidative stress and cellular changes in DHA-related proteins. RESULTS ALS is associated to changes in the spinal cord distribution of DHA synthesis enzymatic machinery comparing ten ALS cases and eight controls. We found increased levels of desaturases (ca 95% increase, p<0.001), but decreased amounts of DHA-related β-oxidation enzymes in ALS samples (40% decrease, p<0.05). Further, drebrin, a DHA-dependent synaptic protein, is depleted in spinal cord samples from ALS patients (around 40% loss, p<0.05). In contrast, chronic excitotoxicity in spinal cord increases DHA acid amount, with both enhanced concentrations of neuroprotective docosahexaenoic acid-derived resolvin D, and higher lipid peroxidation-derived molecules such as 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2-α (8-iso-PGF2α) levels. Since α-tocopherol improved mitochondrial respiratory function and motor neuron survival in these conditions, it is suggested that oxidative stress could boost motor neuron loss. Cell culture and metabolic flux experiments, showing enhanced expression of desaturases (FADS2) and β-oxidation enzymes after H2O2 challenge suggest that DHA production can be an initial response to oxidative stress, driven by TDP-43 aggregation and drebrin loss. Interestingly, these changes were dependent on cell type used, since human neurons exhibited losses of FADS2 and drebrin after oxidative stress. These features (drebrin loss and FADS2 alterations) were also produced by transfection by aggregation prone C-terminal fragments of TDP-43. CONCLUSIONS sALS is associated with tissue-specific DHA-dependent synthetic machinery alteration. Furthermore, excitotoxicity sinergizes with oxidative stress to increase DHA levels, which could act as a response over stress, involving the expression of DHA synthetic enzymes. Later on, this allostatic overload could exacerbate cell stress by contributing to TDP-43 aggregation. This, at its turn, could blunt this protective response, overall leading to DHA depletion and neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cacabelos
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Victòria Ayala
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Ana Belén Granado-Serrano
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Mariona Jové
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Pascual Torres
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Jordi Boada
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Rosanna Cabré
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Omar Ramírez-Núñez
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Hugo Gonzalo
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Aranzazu Soler-Cantero
- Departament de Tecnologia d'Aliments, XaRTA-TPV, Escola Tècnica Superior d' Enginyeria Agrària, UdL, Avda Rovira Roure, 85, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - José Carlos Enrique Serrano
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Maria Josep Bellmunt
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - María Paz Romero
- Departament de Tecnologia d'Aliments, XaRTA-TPV, Escola Tècnica Superior d' Enginyeria Agrària, UdL, Avda Rovira Roure, 85, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - María José Motilva
- Departament de Tecnologia d'Aliments, XaRTA-TPV, Escola Tècnica Superior d' Enginyeria Agrària, UdL, Avda Rovira Roure, 85, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Department of Neuropathology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Departament de Tecnologia d'Aliments, XaRTA-TPV, Escola Tècnica Superior d' Enginyeria Agrària, UdL, Avda Rovira Roure, 85, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institut de Neuropatologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Health, Spain. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, c/La Feixa Llarga, S/N 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Manuel Portero-Otín
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
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Liu LN, Wang H, Jiang P, Wang M, Xu MG, Wang LF, Qi X, Zhang X, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Molecular cloning and characterization of a Spirometra erinacei casein kinase I. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4737-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McGurk L, Berson A, Bonini NM. Drosophila as an In Vivo Model for Human Neurodegenerative Disease. Genetics 2015; 201:377-402. [PMID: 26447127 PMCID: PMC4596656 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.179457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in the ageing population, neurodegenerative disease is devastating to families and poses a huge burden on society. The brain and spinal cord are extraordinarily complex: they consist of a highly organized network of neuronal and support cells that communicate in a highly specialized manner. One approach to tackling problems of such complexity is to address the scientific questions in simpler, yet analogous, systems. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been proven tremendously valuable as a model organism, enabling many major discoveries in neuroscientific disease research. The plethora of genetic tools available in Drosophila allows for exquisite targeted manipulation of the genome. Due to its relatively short lifespan, complex questions of brain function can be addressed more rapidly than in other model organisms, such as the mouse. Here we discuss features of the fly as a model for human neurodegenerative disease. There are many distinct fly models for a range of neurodegenerative diseases; we focus on select studies from models of polyglutamine disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that illustrate the type and range of insights that can be gleaned. In discussion of these models, we underscore strengths of the fly in providing understanding into mechanisms and pathways, as a foundation for translational and therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeanne McGurk
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Amit Berson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Nancy M Bonini
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Chou CC, Alexeeva OM, Yamada S, Pribadi A, Zhang Y, Mo B, Williams KR, Zarnescu DC, Rossoll W. PABPN1 suppresses TDP-43 toxicity in ALS disease models. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5154-73. [PMID: 26130692 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a major disease protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and related neurodegenerative diseases. Both the cytoplasmic accumulation of toxic ubiquitinated and hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 fragments and the loss of normal TDP-43 from the nucleus may contribute to the disease progression by impairing normal RNA and protein homeostasis. Therefore, both the removal of pathological protein and the rescue of TDP-43 mislocalization may be critical for halting or reversing TDP-43 proteinopathies. Here, we report poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) as a novel TDP-43 interaction partner that acts as a potent suppressor of TDP-43 toxicity. Overexpression of full-length PABPN1 but not a truncated version lacking the nuclear localization signal protects from pathogenic TDP-43-mediated toxicity, promotes the degradation of pathological TDP-43 and restores normal solubility and nuclear localization of endogenous TDP-43. Reduced levels of PABPN1 enhances the phenotypes in several cell culture and Drosophila models of ALS and results in the cytoplasmic mislocalization of TDP-43. Moreover, PABPN1 rescues the dysregulated stress granule (SG) dynamics and facilitates the removal of persistent SGs in TDP-43-mediated disease conditions. These findings demonstrate a role for PABPN1 in rescuing several cytopathological features of TDP-43 proteinopathy by increasing the turnover of pathologic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chieh Chou
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Shizuka Yamada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA and
| | - Amy Pribadi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA and
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bi Mo
- Department of Cell Biology
| | | | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA and
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,
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Smethurst P, Sidle KCL, Hardy J. Review: Prion-like mechanisms of transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:578-97. [PMID: 25487060 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal devastating neurodegenerative disorder which predominantly affects the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The death of the motor neurons in ALS causes subsequent muscle atrophy, paralysis and eventual death. Clinical and biological evidence now demonstrates that ALS has many similarities to prion disease in terms of disease onset, phenotype variability and progressive spread. The pathognomonic ubiquitinated inclusions deposited in the neurons and glial cells in brains and spinal cords of patients with ALS and fronto-temporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions contain aggregated transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), and evidence now suggests that TDP-43 has cellular prion-like properties. The cellular mechanisms of prion protein misfolding and aggregation are thought to be responsible for the characteristics of prion disease. Therefore, there is a strong mechanistic basis for a prion-like behaviour of the TDP-43 protein being responsible for some characteristics of ALS. In this review, we compare the prion-like mechanisms of TDP-43 to the clinical and biological nature of ALS in order to investigate how this protein could be responsible for some of the characteristic properties of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Smethurst
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, London, UK
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, London, UK
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Scotter EL, Chen HJ, Shaw CE. TDP-43 Proteinopathy and ALS: Insights into Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Neurotherapeutics 2015; 12:352-63. [PMID: 25652699 PMCID: PMC4404432 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are currently limited. However, recent studies show that almost all cases of ALS, as well as tau-negative frontotemporal dementia (FTD), share a common neuropathology characterized by the deposition of TAR-DNA binding protein (TDP)-43-positive protein inclusions, offering an attractive target for the design and testing of novel therapeutics. Here we demonstrate how diverse environmental stressors linked to stress granule formation, as well as mutations in genes encoding RNA processing proteins and protein degradation adaptors, initiate ALS pathogenesis via TDP-43. We review the progressive development of TDP-43 proteinopathy from cytoplasmic mislocalization and misfolding through to macroaggregation and the addition of phosphate and ubiquitin moieties. Drawing from cellular and animal studies, we explore the feasibility of therapeutics that act at each point in pathogenesis, from mitigating genetic risk using antisense oligonucleotides to modulating TDP-43 proteinopathy itself using small molecule activators of autophagy, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, or the chaperone network. We present the case that preventing the misfolding of TDP-43 and/or enhancing its clearance represents the most important target for effectively treating ALS and frontotemporal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Scotter
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, de Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Han-Jou Chen
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, de Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, de Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
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Changes in TDP-43 expression in development, aging, and in the neurofilament light protein knockout mouse. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Vanden Broeck L, Kleinberger G, Chapuis J, Gistelinck M, Amouyel P, Van Broeckhoven C, Lambert JC, Callaerts P, Dermaut B. Functional complementation in Drosophila to predict the pathogenicity of TARDBP variants: evidence for a loss-of-function mechanism. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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An acetylation switch controls TDP-43 function and aggregation propensity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5845. [PMID: 25556531 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 pathology is a disease hallmark that characterizes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP). Although a critical role for TDP-43 as an RNA-binding protein has emerged, the regulation of TDP-43 function is poorly understood. Here, we identify lysine acetylation as a novel post-translational modification controlling TDP-43 function and aggregation. We provide evidence that TDP-43 acetylation impairs RNA binding and promotes accumulation of insoluble, hyper-phosphorylated TDP-43 species that largely resemble pathological inclusions in ALS and FTLD-TDP. Moreover, biochemical and cell-based assays identify oxidative stress as a signalling cue that promotes acetylated TDP-43 aggregates that are readily engaged by the cellular defense machinery. Importantly, acetylated TDP-43 lesions are found in ALS patient spinal cord, indicating that aberrant TDP-43 acetylation and loss of RNA binding are linked to TDP-43 proteinopathy. Thus, modulating TDP-43 acetylation represents a plausible strategy to fine-tune TDP-43 activity, which could provide new therapeutic avenues for TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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71
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Buratti E. Functional Significance of TDP-43 Mutations in Disease. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2015; 91:1-53. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Liachko NF, McMillan PJ, Strovas TJ, Loomis E, Greenup L, Murrell JR, Ghetti B, Raskind MA, Montine TJ, Bird TD, Leverenz JB, Kraemer BC. The tau tubulin kinases TTBK1/2 promote accumulation of pathological TDP-43. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004803. [PMID: 25473830 PMCID: PMC4256087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological aggregates of phosphorylated TDP-43 characterize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP), two devastating groups of neurodegenerative disease. Kinase hyperactivity may be a consistent feature of ALS and FTLD-TDP, as phosphorylated TDP-43 is not observed in the absence of neurodegeneration. By examining changes in TDP-43 phosphorylation state, we have identified kinases controlling TDP-43 phosphorylation in a C. elegans model of ALS. In this kinome-wide survey, we identified homologs of the tau tubulin kinases 1 and 2 (TTBK1 and TTBK2), which were also identified in a prior screen for kinase modifiers of TDP-43 behavioral phenotypes. Using refined methodology, we demonstrate TTBK1 and TTBK2 directly phosphorylate TDP-43 in vitro and promote TDP-43 phosphorylation in mammalian cultured cells. TTBK1/2 overexpression drives phosphorylation and relocalization of TDP-43 from the nucleus to cytoplasmic inclusions reminiscent of neuropathologic changes in disease states. Furthermore, protein levels of TTBK1 and TTBK2 are increased in frontal cortex of FTLD-TDP patients, and TTBK1 and TTBK2 co-localize with TDP-43 inclusions in ALS spinal cord. These kinases may represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention for TDP-43 proteinopathies such as ALS and FTLD-TDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole F. Liachko
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pamela J. McMillan
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Strovas
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elaine Loomis
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lynne Greenup
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jill R. Murrell
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Murray A. Raskind
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Montine
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas D. Bird
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James B. Leverenz
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian C. Kraemer
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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73
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Casci I, Pandey UB. A fruitful endeavor: modeling ALS in the fruit fly. Brain Res 2014; 1607:47-74. [PMID: 25289585 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For over a century Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known as the fruit fly, has been instrumental in genetics research and disease modeling. In more recent years, it has been a powerful tool for modeling and studying neurodegenerative diseases, including the devastating and fatal amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The success of this model organism in ALS research comes from the availability of tools to manipulate gene/protein expression in a number of desired cell-types, and the subsequent recapitulation of cellular and molecular phenotypic features of the disease. Several Drosophila models have now been developed for studying the roles of ALS-associated genes in disease pathogenesis that allowed us to understand the molecular pathways that lead to motor neuron degeneration in ALS patients. Our primary goal in this review is to highlight the lessons we have learned using Drosophila models pertaining to ALS research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ALS complex pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Casci
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology and Neurobiology, Children׳s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Human Genetics Graduate Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology and Neurobiology, Children׳s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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Knippschild U, Krüger M, Richter J, Xu P, García-Reyes B, Peifer C, Halekotte J, Bakulev V, Bischof J. The CK1 Family: Contribution to Cellular Stress Response and Its Role in Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2014; 4:96. [PMID: 24904820 PMCID: PMC4032983 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed pleiotropic CK1 family play major regulatory roles in many cellular processes including DNA-processing and repair, proliferation, cytoskeleton dynamics, vesicular trafficking, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. As a consequence of cellular stress conditions, interaction of CK1 with the mitotic spindle is manifold increased pointing to regulatory functions at the mitotic checkpoint. Furthermore, CK1 is able to alter the activity of key proteins in signal transduction and signal integration molecules. In line with this notion, CK1 is tightly connected to the regulation and degradation of β-catenin, p53, and MDM2. Considering the importance of CK1 for accurate cell division and regulation of tumor suppressor functions, it is not surprising that mutations and alterations in the expression and/or activity of CK1 isoforms are often detected in various tumor entities including cancer of the kidney, choriocarcinomas, breast carcinomas, oral cancer, adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, and ovarian cancer. Therefore, scientific effort has enormously increased (i) to understand the regulation of CK1 and its involvement in tumorigenesis- and tumor progression-related signal transduction pathways and (ii) to develop CK1-specific inhibitors for the use in personalized therapy concepts. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding CK1 regulation, function, and interaction with cellular proteins playing central roles in cellular stress-responses and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Marc Krüger
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Julia Richter
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Balbina García-Reyes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
| | - Christian Peifer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Christian Albrechts University , Kiel , Germany
| | - Jakob Halekotte
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Christian Albrechts University , Kiel , Germany
| | - Vasiliy Bakulev
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University , Ekaterinburg , Russia
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital , Ulm , Germany
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Burr AA, Tsou WL, Ristic G, Todi SV. Using membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein to monitor neurotoxic protein-dependent degeneration of Drosophila eyes. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1100-9. [PMID: 24798551 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Age-related neurodegeneration has been studied extensively through the use of model organisms, including the genetically versatile Drosophila melanogaster. Various neurotoxic proteins have been expressed in fly eyes to approximate degeneration occurring in humans, and much has been learned from this heterologous system. Although Drosophila expedites scientific research through rapid generational times and relative inexpensiveness, one factor that can hinder analyses is the examination of milder forms of degeneration caused by some toxic proteins in fly eyes. Whereas several disease proteins cause massive degeneration that is easily observed by examining the external structure of the fly eye, others cause mild degeneration that is difficult to observe externally and requires laborious histological preparation to assess and monitor. Here, we describe a sensitive fluorescence-based method to observe, monitor, and quantify mild Drosophila eye degeneration caused by various proteins, including the polyglutamine disease proteins ataxin-3 (spinocerebellar ataxia type 3) and huntingtin (Huntington's disease), mutant α-synuclein (Parkinson's disease), and Aβ42 (Alzheimer's disease). We show that membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein reports degeneration robustly and quantitatively. This simple yet powerful technique, which is amenable to large-scale screens, can help accelerate studies to understand age-related degeneration and to find factors that suppress it for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Burr
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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Salado IG, Redondo M, Bello ML, Perez C, Liachko NF, Kraemer BC, Miguel L, Lecourtois M, Gil C, Martinez A, Perez DI. Protein kinase CK-1 inhibitors as new potential drugs for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2755-72. [PMID: 24592867 PMCID: PMC3969104 DOI: 10.1021/jm500065f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease where motor neurons in cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord die progressively, resulting in muscle wasting, paralysis, and death. Currently, effective therapies for ALS are lacking; however, identification of pathological TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) as the hallmark lesion in sporadic ALS suggests new therapeutic targets for pharmacological intervention. Pathological TDP-43 phosphorylation appears to drive the onset and progression of ALS and may result from upregulation of the protein kinase CK-1 in affected neurons, resulting in postranslational TDP-43 modification. Consequently, brain penetrant specific CK-1 inhibitors may provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating ALS and other TDP-43 proteinopathies. Using a chemical genetic approach, we report the discovery and further optimization of a number of potent CK-1δ inhibitors. Moreover, these small heterocyclic molecules are able to prevent TDP-43 phosphorylation in cell cultures, to increase Drosophila lifespan by reduction of TDP-43 neurotoxicity, and are predicted to cross the blood-brain barrier. Thus, N-(benzothiazolyl)-2-phenyl-acetamides are valuable drug candidates for further studies and may be a new therapeutic approach for ALS and others pathologies in which TDP-43 is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene G Salado
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Carlomagno Y, Zhang Y, Davis M, Lin WL, Cook C, Dunmore J, Tay W, Menkosky K, Cao X, Petrucelli L, DeTure M. Casein kinase II induced polymerization of soluble TDP-43 into filaments is inhibited by heat shock proteins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90452. [PMID: 24595055 PMCID: PMC3942448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trans-activation Response DNA-binding Protein-43 (TDP-43) lesions are observed in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration with ubiquitin inclusions (FTLD-TDP) and 25–50% of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) cases. These abnormal protein inclusions are composed of either amorphous TDP-43 aggregates or highly ordered filaments. The filamentous TDP-43 accumulations typically contain clean 10–12 nm filaments though wider 18–20 nm coated filaments may be observed. The TDP-43 present within these lesions is phosphorylated, truncated and ubiquitinated, and these modifications appear to be abnormal as they are linked to both a cellular heat shock response and microglial activation. The mechanisms associated with this abnormal TDP-43 accumulation are believed to result in a loss of TDP-43 function, perhaps due to the post-translational modifications or resulting from physical sequestration of the TDP-43. The formation of TDP-43 inclusions involves cellular translocation and conversion of TDP-43 into fibrillogenic forms, but the ability of these accumulations to sequester normal TDP-43 and propagate this behavior between neurons pathologically is mostly inferred. The lack of methodology to produce soluble full length TDP-43 and recapitulate this polymerization into filaments as observed in disease has limited our understanding of these pathogenic cascades. Results The protocols described here generate soluble, full-length and untagged TDP-43 allowing for a direct assessment of the impact of various posttranslational modifications on TDP-43 function. We demonstrate that Casein Kinase II (CKII) promotes the polymerization of this soluble TDP-43 into 10 nm diameter filaments that resemble the most common TDP-43 structures observed in disease. Furthermore, these filaments are recognized as abnormal by Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) which can inhibit TDP-43 polymerization or directly promote TDP-43 filament depolymerization. Conclusion These findings demonstrate CKII induces polymerization of soluble TDP-43 into filaments and Hsp90 promotes TDP-43 filament depolymerization. These findings provide rational for potential therapeutic intervention at these points in TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yari Carlomagno
- Department of Neuroscience, Maya Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Maya Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mary Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, Maya Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Wen-Lang Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Maya Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Casey Cook
- Department of Neuroscience, Maya Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Judy Dunmore
- Department of Neuroscience, Maya Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - William Tay
- Department of Neuroscience, Maya Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kyle Menkosky
- Department of Neuroscience, Maya Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiangkun Cao
- Department of Neuroscience, Maya Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Maya Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Maya Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Droppelmann CA, Campos-Melo D, Ishtiaq M, Volkening K, Strong MJ. RNA metabolism in ALS: When normal processes become pathological. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2014; 15:321-36. [DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2014.881377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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