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Hoyer PB, Keating AF. Xenobiotic effects in the ovary: temporary versus permanent infertility. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:511-23. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.880690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Einaudi L, Courbiere B, Tassistro V, Prevot C, Sari-Minodier I, Orsiere T, Perrin J. In vivo exposure to benzo(a)pyrene induces significant DNA damage in mouse oocytes and cumulus cells. Hum Reprod 2013; 29:548-54. [PMID: 24327538 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does in vivo exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) induce DNA damage in oocytes and cumulus cells (CCs) in mice? SUMMARY ANSWER Significant increases in DNA strand breaks in oocytes and CCs and in BaP-induced DNA adducts in CCs were detected in exposed mice compared with controls. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY BaP has well-known mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on somatic cells, and is also registered as potential reproductive toxicant by several environmental protection agencies. It has been shown to cause a significant increase in DNA adducts in ovarian tissues; however, to our knowledge, the genotoxic effects of BaP on oocytes and CCs have not been studied to date. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Female CD1 mice were exposed to BaP via the oral administration of a single dose of 13 mg/kg body weight (bw); matched controls were exposed to the vehicle only (soya oil). A total of 15 groups of 6 mice (exposed or controls) were sacrificed 2, 4, 6, 15 or 22 days after BaP exposure, and after collection of oviducts, the oocyte-CC complexes (COC) were released. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The alkaline comet assay was used to quantify the DNA breaks in oocytes and CCs; DNA damage was expressed as the Olive Tail Moment (OTM). Immunofluorescent staining was used to quantify BaP-induced DNA adducts in CCs. Fluorescence was expressed as the average grey value (AGVA; arbitrary units). The differences between the exposed and control groups were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Higher levels of DNA damage were observed in the oocytes and CCs of BaP-exposed mice than in those of vehicle controls. Significant increases in OTM (mean ± SE) were detected in (i) oocytes from females exposed for 4 (10.5 ± 0.9 versus 3.1 ± 0.4, P < 0.0001) or 6 days before collection (15.6 ± 2.0 versus 3.6 ± 0.9, P < 0.0001) and (ii) CCs from females exposed 2 (6.4 ± 0.6 versus 2.1 ± 0.2, P < 0.0001), 4 (7.8 ± 0.4 versus 2.4 ± 0.1, P < 0.0001) or 6 days before collection (7.3 ± 0.3 versus 3.2 ± 0.5, P < 0.0001) compared with controls. A significant increase in benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-9,10 diol epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adducts and higher AGVA (mean ± SE) scores were observed in CCs from females exposed 2 (6.1 ± 0.3 versus 3.6 ± 0.5, P < 0.0001), 4 (7.5 ± 0.1 versus 3.4 ± 0.1, P < 0.0001) or 6 days before collection (11.6 ± 0.4 versus 3.7 ± 0.1, P < 0.0001) compared with control mice. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Mice were given one treatment via the oral route because this dose and mode of administration have been shown to induce detectable BPDE-DNA adduct levels in mouse organs and sperm cells. Additional data are needed to assess DNA damage in oocytes and CCs after chronic exposure to BaP in vivo. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the in vivo genotoxicity of BaP in oocytes and CCs. We observed significant DNA damage in the oocytes and CCs of mice after acute BaP exposure. BPDE-DNA adducts result directly from BaP metabolism while DNA breaks could result mainly from BPDE-DNA adduct excision and repair and/or through direct genotoxicity from increased reactive oxygen species. These results add new and important insights regarding the recently suggested toxicity of chronic BaP exposure in the ovary. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by a grant (93-CPQ 2012-05) from the DIRRECTE, Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, France. None of the authors have any conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Einaudi
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE) UMR CNRS 7263 - IRD 237, FR 3098 ECCOREV, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Campus Timone - Faculté de Médecine - Biogénotoxicologie, Santé Humaine et Environnement, 27, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, F-13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
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Sadeu JC, Foster WG. The cigarette smoke constituent benzo[a]pyrene disrupts metabolic enzyme, and apoptosis pathway member gene expression in ovarian follicles. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 40:52-9. [PMID: 23747951 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a prototypical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) present in cigarette smoke. We previously showed that B[a]P adversely affects follicular development and survival. The objective of this study was to identify the key molecular pathways underlying B[a]P-induced abnormal follicular development. Isolated follicles (100-130 μm) from ovaries of F1 hybrid (C57BL/6j×CBA/Ca) mice were cultured for 8 (preantral/antral follicles) and 12 (preovulatory follicles) days in increasing concentrations of B[a]P (0 ng/mL [control] to 45 ng/mL). Expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), aryl hydroxylase steroidogenic enzyme, cell-cycle, and apoptotic genes were quantified. B[a]P exposure significantly (P<0.05) increased mRNA expression of Cyp1a1 in preantral/antral follicles and Cyp1b1, Bax and Hsp90ab1 in preovulatory follicles. No significant effect on mRNA expression of StAR, Cyp11a1, aromatase, Cdk4, Cdk2, Ccnd2, cIAP2, and survivin was observed. In conclusion, this study suggests that B[a]P exposure significantly affects the phase I enzymes and cell death genes during preantral/antral and preovulatory growth, and thus highlight the AhR signaling and apoptotis pathways in delayed follicle growth and decreased viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Clair Sadeu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Fréour T, Dessolle L, Lammers J, Lattes S, Barrière P. Comparison of embryo morphokinetics after in vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection in smoking and nonsmoking women. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:1944-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Siddique S, Sadeu JC, Foster WG, Feng YL, Zhu J. In vitroexposure to cigarette smoke induces oxidative stress in follicular cells of F1hybrid mice. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:224-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Siddique
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Jean C. Sadeu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Warren G. Foster
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Yong-lai Feng
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
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Sobinoff AP, Beckett EL, Jarnicki AG, Sutherland JM, McCluskey A, Hansbro PM, McLaughlin EA. Scrambled and fried: cigarette smoke exposure causes antral follicle destruction and oocyte dysfunction through oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:156-67. [PMID: 23693141 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a reproductive hazard associated with pre-mature reproductive senescence and reduced clinical pregnancy rates in female smokers. Despite an increased awareness of the adverse effects of cigarette smoke exposure on systemic health, many women remain unaware of the adverse effects of cigarette smoke on female fertility. This issue is compounded by our limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind cigarette smoke induced infertility. In this study we used a direct nasal exposure mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to characterise mechanisms of cigarette-smoke induced ovotoxicity. Cigarette smoke exposure caused increased levels of primordial follicle depletion, antral follicle oocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress in exposed ovaries, resulting in fewer follicles available for ovulation. Evidence of oxidative stress also persisted in ovulated oocytes which escaped destruction, with increased levels of mitochondrial ROS and lipid peroxidation resulting in reduced fertilisation potential. Microarray analysis of ovarian tissue correlated these insults with a complex mechanism of ovotoxicity involving genes associated with detoxification, inflammation, follicular activation, immune cell mediated apoptosis and membrane organisation. In particular, the phase I detoxifying enzyme cyp2e1 was found to be significantly up-regulated in developing oocytes; an enzyme known to cause molecular bioactivation resulting in oxidative stress. Our results provide a preliminary model of cigarette smoke induced sub-fertility through cyp2e1 bioactivation and oxidative stress, resulting in developing follicle depletion and oocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Sobinoff
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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59
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Gannon AM, Stämpfli MR, Foster WG. Cigarette Smoke Exposure Elicits Increased Autophagy and Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Murine Granulosa Cells1. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:63. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.106617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Ziv-Gal A, Flaws JA. Factors that may influence the experience of hot flushes by healthy middle-aged women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2013; 19:1905-14. [PMID: 20831431 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in menopausal symptoms in general and hot flushes (HFs) in particular has grown in recent years. This is mostly due to increased awareness and the vast impact these symptoms have on women's lives. Despite the high prevalence of women who experience HFs, a definitive etiology for HFs is yet to be found. Our objective was to review the current literature dealing with associated factors for experiencing HFs and to provide a synthesized overview on this common and often debilitating condition. METHODS We systematically searched the English-language literature in the PubMed database using relevant key words and included only those articles that contained information on associated factors for HFs in generally healthy midlife women. RESULTS Both conflicting scientific results between studies documenting factors that influence HFs and the lack of validated measuring tools make it difficult to truly pinpoint associated factors for HFs. Nonetheless, we identified the following clusters of associated factors: the menopausal stages, sex steroid hormones, other endocrine agents, genetic polymorphisms, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) and obesity, mood disorders, smoking, soy isoflavones and phytoestrogens, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS No single associated factor was consistently identified as having a major role in experiencing HFs. More resources should be directed to develop a unified study system along with multivariable analyses to get a better understanding of this condition, which often imposes a tremendous social and personal toll on the women who experience it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Ziv-Gal
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
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61
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Petro E, Leroy J, Van Cruchten S, Covaci A, Jorssen E, Bols P. Endocrine disruptors and female fertility: Focus on (bovine) ovarian follicular physiology. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1887-900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Paixão LLO, Gaspar-Reis RP, Gonzalez GPL, Santos AS, Santana AC, Santos RMM, Spritzer PM, Nascimento-Saba CCA. Cigarette smoke impairs granulosa cell proliferation and oocyte growth after exposure cessation in young Swiss mice: an experimental study. J Ovarian Res 2012; 5:25. [PMID: 22995067 PMCID: PMC3489515 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-5-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoke is associated with decreased female fertility, causing damage to ovarian function and disturbing follicle development. However, the effects of cigarette toxicants on ovarian function depend on duration and intensity of exposure. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of brief, intense exposure to tobacco smoke on granulosa cell number, oocyte growth, and follicle size during puberty in female Swiss mice. Methods Ten female Swiss mice aged 35 days were exposed to tobacco smoke from 3R4F reference research cigarettes. They were exposed to an automatic smoking machine 8 h/day, 7 days/week for 15 days. Ten age-matched controls were kept in a different room and exposed to ambient air. At the end of 15 days, five mice in each group were euthanized and the ovaries were analyzed for follicular morphometry and granulosa cell count. The remaining animals were kept for an additional 30 days for further analysis as an ex-smoker group and control group. Comparison between the two groups was evaluated by the Student’s t-test or a two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test was applied for multiple comparisons. Results We found that cigarette smoke impaired antral follicular growth even after exposure cessation (p < 0.001). Both smoking and ex-smoking groups exhibited similar follicle diameter. However, at the same follicular stage, the number of granulosa cells was smaller in the ex-smoking group compared to smoking animals (p < 0.001). This was associated with increased oocyte diameter in ex-smoking animals compared to smoking animals (p < 0.01). Conclusions The negative effects of cigarette smoking seem to last even after exposure has been interrupted. Moreover, brief exposure during puberty may induce silent oocyte disruption, which could in turn lead to decreased fecundity rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa L O Paixão
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcântara Gomes, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Av, 28 de Setembro, 87 PAPC, Vila Isabel, 20551-030 , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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63
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Seiler RL, Wiemels JL. Occurrence of ²¹⁰Po and biological effects of low-level exposure: the need for research. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:1230-7. [PMID: 22538346 PMCID: PMC3440115 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polonium-210 (²¹⁰Po) concentrations that exceed 1 Bq/L in drinking-water supplies have been reported from four widely separated U.S. states where exposure to it went unnoticed for decades. The radionuclide grandparents of ²¹⁰Po are common in sediments, and segments of the public may be chronically exposed to low levels of ²¹⁰Po in drinking water or in food products from animals raised in contaminated areas. OBJECTIVES We summarized information on the environmental behavior, biokinetics, and toxicology of ²¹⁰Po and identified the need for future research. METHODS Potential linkages between environmental exposure to ²¹⁰Po and human health effects were identified in a literature review. DISCUSSION ²¹⁰Po accumulates in the ovaries where it kills primary oocytes at low doses. Because of its radiosensitivity and tendency to concentrate ²¹⁰Po, the ovary may be the critical organ in determining the lowest injurious dose for ²¹⁰Po. ²¹⁰Po also accumulates in the yolk sac of the embryo and in the fetal and placental tissues. Low-level exposure to ²¹⁰Po may have subtle, long-term biological effects because of its tropism towards reproductive and embryonic and fetal tissues where exposure to a single alpha particle may kill or damage critical cells. ²¹⁰Po is present in cigarettes and maternal smoking has several effects that appear consistent with the toxicology of ²¹⁰Po. CONCLUSIONS Much of the important biological and toxicological research on ²¹⁰Po is more than four decades old. New research is needed to evaluate environmental exposure to ²¹⁰Po and the biological effects of low-dose exposure to it so that public health officials can develop appropriate mitigation measures where necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph L Seiler
- Environmental Sciences Graduate Program, University of Nevada-Reno, P.O. Box 1025, Carson City, NV 89702, USA.
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64
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Béranger R, Hoffmann P, Christin-Maitre S, Bonneterre V. Occupational exposures to chemicals as a possible etiology in premature ovarian failure: a critical analysis of the literature. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 33:269-79. [PMID: 22281303 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a cause of infertility that affects about 1% of women under 40, and is considered as idiopathic in 75% of cases. An occupational chemical origin has been identified at least once with 2-bromopropane, but human studies are rare and experimental data are sparse. This review aims to carry out a critical synthesis of knowledge of the chemical agents likely to affect follicular stock in humans and/or animals, by direct toxicity to follicles, or by increasing their recruitments. Of 140 chemical agents (or groups) studied, 20 have been identified as potentially damaging to the ovarian reserve. For the majority of toxic agents, only experimental data are currently available. At least four of these agents are likely to lead to POF in descendents (ethylene glycol methyl ether; 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol; benzo[a]pyrene; dimethylbenzantracene). We propose a strategy aiming to encourage progress in identifying occupational factors responsible for POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Béranger
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (EPSP Team: Environnement et Prédiction de la Santé des Populations), Grenoble F-38041, France.
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65
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Freour T, Masson D, Dessolle L, Allaoua D, Dejoie T, Mirallie S, Jean M, Barriere P. Ovarian reserve and in vitro fertilization cycles outcome according to women smoking status and stimulation regimen. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011; 285:1177-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-011-2172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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66
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Mark-Kappeler CJ, Hoyer PB, Devine PJ. Xenobiotic effects on ovarian preantral follicles. Biol Reprod 2011; 85:871-83. [PMID: 21697514 PMCID: PMC3197911 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.091173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Women are born with a finite population of ovarian follicles, which are slowly depleted during their reproductive years until reproductive failure (menopause) occurs. The rate of loss of primordial follicles is determined by genetic and environmental influences, but certain toxic exposures can accelerate this process. Ionizing radiation reduces preantral follicle numbers in rodents and humans in a dose-dependent manner. Cigarette smoking is linked to menopause occurring 1-4 yr earlier than with nonsmokers, and components of smoke, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, can cause follicle depletion in rodents or in ovaries in vitro. Chemotherapeutic agents, such as alkylating drugs and cisplatin, also cause loss of preantral ovarian follicles. Effects depend on dose, type, and reactivity of the drug, and the age of the individual. Evidence suggests DNA damage may underlie follicle loss induced by one common alkylating drug, cyclophosphamide. Occupational exposures have also been linked to ovarian damage. In an industrial setting, 2-bromopropane caused infertility in men and women, and it can induce ovarian follicle depletion in rats. Solvents, such as butadiene, 4-vinylcyclohexene, and their diepoxides, can also cause specific preantral follicle depletion. The mechanism(s) underlying effects of the latter compound may involve alterations in apoptosis, survival factors such as KIT/Kit Ligand, and/or the cellular signaling that maintains primordial follicle dormancy. Estrogenic endocrine disruptors may alter follicle formation/development and impair fertility or normal development of offspring. Thus, specific exposures are known or suspected of detrimentally impacting preantral ovarian follicles, leading to early ovarian failure.
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67
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Gannon AM, Stämpfli MR, Foster WG. Cigarette Smoke Exposure Leads to Follicle Loss via an Alternative Ovarian Cell Death Pathway in a Mouse Model. Toxicol Sci 2011; 125:274-84. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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68
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[Effects of cigarette smoking on female reproduction: from oocyte to embryo (Part I)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 39:559-66. [PMID: 21930413 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2011.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with lower fecundity rate, adverse reproductive outcomes and higher risk of IVF failure. Over the last decades, prevalence of smoking among women of reproductive age has increased. The aim of this work was to focus on the knowledge of the effects of cigarette smoking on all reproductive stages, from oocyte to embryo. For each reproductive functions human clinical and experimental studies were analysed in order to find hypothesis and explanations for effects observed. All reproductive functions are targets of smoke compounds and cigarette smoking impairs ovarian reserve, sexual steroids synthesis, Fallopian tubes functions and embryo development, leading to reduced fecundity. Some of smoke compounds were identified in ovarian tissue, in uterine fluid and in the embryo, suggesting direct toxicity.
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69
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Effect of in vitro exposure to benzo[a]pyrene, a component of cigarette smoke, on folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis and oocyte nuclear maturation. Reprod Toxicol 2011; 31:402-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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70
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Sadeu JC, Foster WG. Cigarette smoke condensate exposure delays follicular development and function in a stage-dependent manner. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:2410-7. [PMID: 21514584 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on follicular development and function from the early preantral stage through ovulation. DESIGN Prospective laboratory study. SETTING Academic research environment. ANIMAL(S) Female F1 hybrid (C57BL/6j×CBA/Ca) mice. INTERVENTION(S) Mouse early preantral follicles (100-130 μm) were exposed to increasing concentrations of CSC (0 μg/mL [control] to 130 μg/mL) during in vitro growth and ovulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Follicular development, follicle survival, gonadal steroid output, expansion of the cumulus-oocyte complex, oocyte growth, and maturation. RESULT(S) Cigarette smoke condensate exposure significantly inhibited follicular development in the preantral and antral stage and decreased follicle survival at 90 μg CSC/mL and higher. Estradiol output was significantly lower in CSC-exposed (90 and 130 μg/mL) follicles. Before ovulation, CSC significantly increased P output, which decreased thereafter. Cigarette smoke condensate exposure reduced cumulus-oocyte complex expansion and subsequently reduced the number of polar body oocytes. CONCLUSION(S) Cigarette smoke condensate exposure inhibits follicle development and leads to premature luteinization of the preovulatory follicle, with decreased oocyte maturation in a mouse isolated follicle culture system that mimics murine folliculogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Clair Sadeu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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71
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Vialard F, Boitrelle F, Molina-Gomes D, Selva J. Predisposition to Aneuploidy in the Oocyte. Cytogenet Genome Res 2011; 133:127-35. [DOI: 10.1159/000324231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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72
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Jennings PC, Merriman JA, Beckett EL, Hansbro PM, Jones KT. Increased zona pellucida thickness and meiotic spindle disruption in oocytes from cigarette smoking mice. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:878-84. [PMID: 21233109 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise effects of cigarette smoking on female fertility have not yet been clearly defined. We have used a mouse model that mimics human smoking and is able to control for variables that may confound clinical studies to assess the impact of chronic smoking on the quality of mouse oocytes. METHODS Mice received cigarette smoke directly to their lungs for 12 weeks. Lung tissue was analyzed for emphysematous changes and cumulus enclosed oocytes (CEOs) were recovered to study their quality. CEOs were in vitro matured, fixed and stained for chromatin and tubulin. Meiotic spindles, chromatin and the zona pellucida were all examined using confocal microscopy. RESULTS After 12 weeks of cigarette smoking, mice developed alveolar tissue damage that was determined by an increase in destructive index of the lung parenchyma. The numbers of oocytes recovered and the rates of oocyte maturation were not significantly different from non-smoking mice. However, oocytes from smoking mice had a significantly thicker zona pellucida along with shorter and wider meiotic spindles. Furthermore in total, almost a quarter of oocytes from smoking mice were abnormal as assessed by either errors in chromosomal congression or spindle shape. CONCLUSIONS We have used a novel model of inhalational cigarette smoking to show that chronic smoking has a detrimental effect on oocyte quality, and this can be observed even though oocytes are removed from the ovary and cultured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe C Jennings
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Dechanet C, Anahory T, Mathieu Daude JC, Quantin X, Reyftmann L, Hamamah S, Hedon B, Dechaud H. Effects of cigarette smoking on reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 2010; 17:76-95. [PMID: 20685716 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmq033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is associated with lower fecundity rates, adverse reproductive outcomes and a higher risk of IVF failures. Over the last few decades, prevalence of smoking among women of reproductive age has increased. This review focuses on current knowledge of the potential effects of smoke toxicants on all reproductive stages and the consequences of smoke exposure on reproductive functions. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature on the impact of cigarette smoking and smoke constituents on the different stages of reproductive function, including epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies. We attempted to create hypotheses and find explanations for the deleterious effects of cigarette smoke observed in experimental studies. RESULTS Cigarette smoke contains several thousand components (e.g. nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cadmium) with diverse effects. Each stage of reproductive function, folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, embryo transport, endometrial receptivity, endometrial angiogenesis, uterine blood flow and uterine myometrium is a target for cigarette smoke components. The effects of cigarette smoke are dose-dependent and are influenced by the presence of other toxic substances and hormonal status. Individual sensitivity, dose, time and type of exposure also play a role in the impact of smoke constituents on human fertility. CONCLUSIONS All stages of reproductive functions are targets of cigarette smoke toxicants. Further studies are necessary to better understand the deleterious effects of cigarette smoke compounds on the reproductive system in order to improve health care, help to reduce cigarette smoking and provide a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in reproductive toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dechanet
- Department of Medicine and Biology of Reproduction, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Sadeu JC, Hughes CL, Agarwal S, Foster WG. Alcohol, drugs, caffeine, tobacco, and environmental contaminant exposure: reproductive health consequences and clinical implications. Crit Rev Toxicol 2010; 40:633-52. [PMID: 20662712 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2010.493552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive function and fertility are thought to be compromised by behaviors such as cigarette smoking, substance abuse, and alcohol consumption; however, the strength of these associations are uncertain. Furthermore, the reproductive system is thought to be under attack from exposure to environmental contaminants, particularly those chemicals shown to affect endocrine homeostasis. The relationship between exposure to environmental contaminants and adverse effects on human reproductive health are frequently debated in the scientific literature and these controversies have spread into the lay press drawing increased public and regulatory attention. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to critically evaluate the literature concerning the relationship between lifestyle exposures and adverse effects on fertility as well as examining the evidence for a role of environmental contaminants in the purported decline of semen quality and the pathophysiology of subfertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and endometriosis. The authors conclude that whereas cigarette smoking is strongly associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, high-level exposures to other lifestyle factors are only weakly linked with negative fertility impacts. Finally, there is no compelling evidence that environmental contaminants, at concentrations representative of the levels measured in contemporary biomonitoring studies, have any effect, positive or negative, on reproductive health in the general population. Further research using prospective study designs with robust sample sizes are needed to evaluate testable hypotheses that address the relationship between exposure and adverse reproductive health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Sadeu
- Reproductive Biology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Neal MS, Mulligan Tuttle AM, Casper RF, Lagunov A, Foster WG. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonists attenuate the deleterious effects of benzo[a]pyrene on isolated rat follicle development. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 21:100-8. [PMID: 20466593 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that benzo[a]pyrene, a key component of cigarette smoke and an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand, reduced growth of isolated rat follicles in vitro. However, the mechanism underlying the induced changes in folliculogenesis is unknown. This study proposed that the reported adverse effects of benzo[a]pyrene on follicle growth are mediated through AhR activation. The objective was to investigate the effect of benzo[a]pyrene with and without AhR antagonists (resveratrol or 3',4'-dimethoxyflavone (3,4-DMF)) on follicle growth, oestradiol output, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentration and cell proliferation in isolated rat follicles cultured in vitro. Benzo[a]pyrene treatment significantly inhibited follicle growth and cell proliferation at concentrations of 1.5 ng/ml and higher (P < 0.05), an effect attenuated by co-incubation with benzo[a]pyrene and resveratrol or 3,4-DMF. A significant decrease in oestradiol (P < 0.05) and AMH output (P < 0.001) by cultured follicles was induced by benzo[a]pyrene treatment, an effect attenuated by co-incubation with 3,4-DMF. The results suggest that the adverse effects of benzo[a]pyrene on follicle growth, steroidogenesis and AMH output are mediated through activation of the AhR. Moreover, AhR antagonists such as resveratrol and 3,4-DMF may have therapeutic benefit in protecting the ovary against the adverse effects of AhR ligands, including benzo[a]pyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Neal
- ONE Fertility, 3210 Harvester Road, Burlington, Ontario L7N3T1, Canada.
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76
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Ramesh A, Archibong AE, Niaz MS. Ovarian susceptibility to benzo[a]pyrene: tissue burden of metabolites and DNA adducts in F-344 rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2010; 73:1611-1625. [PMID: 20967675 PMCID: PMC3077542 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2010.514225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants has been implicated as one of the causative factors for infertility in mammals. The objective of this study was to determine the amount of ingested benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), an environmental toxicant that reaches the reproductive tissues (internal dose) subsequent to a single acute exposure. Toward this end, the concentrations of BaP reactive metabolites and BaP-DNA adducts were measured throughout the course of BaP's residence in the body. Ten-week-old female Fischer-344 rats weighing approximately 220 g were administered 5 mg BaP/kg body weight orally. 1, 7, 14, 2,1 and 28 d post BaP exposure, BaP parent compound and metabolites from plasma, ovaries, and liver tissues were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction. The extracts were analyzed by reverse-phase highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). DNA was isolated and analyzed for BaP-induced DNA adducts by (32)P-postlabeling method. The BaP total metabolite concentrations in plasma, ovaries, and liver showed a gradual decrease from d 1 to 28 post BaP administration. The BaP-DNA adducts concentrations in ovaries and liver tissues from the treatment group demonstrated a trend similar to that observed for metabolites. Ovaries showed greater concentrations of DNA adducts compared to liver. However, with an increase in time post cessation of exposure, the adduct concentrations in liver tissue started declining rapidly, from d 1 to 28. For ovaries, the adduct concentrations demonstrated a significant decline from d 1 to 7 and a gradual fall thereafter. A concordance between BaP reactive metabolite levels and adduct concentrations indicates that the bioavailability of reactive metabolites determines the binding with DNA and consequently the formation and persistence of adducts in an acute exposure regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aramandla Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, USA.
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