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Ramage LE, Akyol M, Fletcher AM, Forsythe J, Nixon M, Carter RN, van Beek EJR, Morton NM, Walker BR, Stimson RH. Glucocorticoids Acutely Increase Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Humans, Revealing Species-Specific Differences in UCP-1 Regulation. Cell Metab 2016; 24:130-41. [PMID: 27411014 PMCID: PMC4949380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans presents a new therapeutic target for metabolic disease; however, little is known about the regulation of human BAT. Chronic glucocorticoid excess causes obesity in humans, and glucocorticoids suppress BAT activation in rodents. We tested whether glucocorticoids regulate BAT activity in humans. In vivo, the glucocorticoid prednisolone acutely increased (18)fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by BAT (measured using PET/CT) in lean healthy men during mild cold exposure (16°C-17°C). In addition, prednisolone increased supraclavicular skin temperature (measured using infrared thermography) and energy expenditure during cold, but not warm, exposure in lean subjects. In vitro, glucocorticoids increased isoprenaline-stimulated respiration and UCP-1 in human primary brown adipocytes, but substantially decreased isoprenaline-stimulated respiration and UCP-1 in primary murine brown and beige adipocytes. The highly species-specific regulation of BAT function by glucocorticoids may have important implications for the translation of novel treatments to activate BAT to improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne E Ramage
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Murat Akyol
- Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, Scotland, UK
| | - Alison M Fletcher
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - John Forsythe
- Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark Nixon
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Roderick N Carter
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Edwin J R van Beek
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Brian R Walker
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Roland H Stimson
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK.
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Razzoli M, Bartolomucci A. The Dichotomous Effect of Chronic Stress on Obesity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:504-515. [PMID: 27162125 PMCID: PMC4912918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic diseases are linked to chronic stress and low socioeconomic status. The mechanistic link between stress and obesity has not been clarified, partly due to the inherent complexity exemplified by the bidirectional effect of stress on eating and body weight. Recent studies focusing on adaptive thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue (BAT) function support a dichotomous relation to explain the impact of stress on obesity: stress promotes obesity in the presence of hyperphagia and unchanged BAT function; stress results in weight loss and/or obesity resistance in the presence of hypophagia, or when hyperphagia is associated with BAT recruitment and enhanced thermogenesis. Mechanistically dissecting the bidirectional effects of stress on metabolic outcomes might open new avenues for innovative pharmacotherapies for the treatment of obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Let-7i-5p represses brite adipocyte function in mice and humans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28613. [PMID: 27345691 PMCID: PMC4921928 DOI: 10.1038/srep28613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to cold or β3-adrenoreceptor stimulation brown adipose tissue (BAT) promotes non-shivering thermogenesis, leading to energy dissipation. BAT has long been thought to be absent or scarce in adult humans. The recent discovery of thermogenic brite/beige adipocytes has opened the way to development of novel innovative strategies to combat overweight/obesity and associated diseases. Thus it is of great interest to identify regulatory factors that govern the brite adipogenic program. Here, we carried out global microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling on human adipocytes to identify miRNAs that are regulated upon the conversion from white to brite adipocytes. Among the miRNAs that were differentially expressed, we found that Let-7i-5p was down regulated in brite adipocytes. A detailed analysis of the Let-7i-5p levels showed an inverse expression of UCP1 in murine and human brite adipocytes both in vivo and in vitro. Functional studies with Let-7i-5p mimic in human brite adipocytes in vitro revealed a decrease in the expression of UCP1 and in the oxygen consumption rate. Moreover, the Let-7i-5p mimic when injected into murine sub-cutaneous white adipose tissue inhibited partially β3-adrenergic activation of the browning process. These results suggest that the miRNAs Let-7i-5p participates in the recruitment and the function of brite adipocytes.
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van den Heuvel JK, Boon MR, van Hengel I, Peschier-van der Put E, van Beek L, van Harmelen V, van Dijk KW, Pereira AM, Hunt H, Belanoff JK, Rensen PCN, Meijer OC. Identification of a selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator that prevents both diet-induced obesity and inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1793-804. [PMID: 26990179 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE High-fat diet consumption results in obesity and chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue. Whereas glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonism reduces diet-induced obesity, GR agonism reduces inflammation, the combination of which would be desired in a strategy to combat the metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to assess the beneficial effects of the selective GR modulator C108297 on both diet-induced weight gain and inflammation in mice and to elucidate underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Ten-week-old C57Bl/6 J mice were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks while being treated with the selective GR modulator C108297, a full GR antagonist (RU486/mifepristone) or vehicle. KEY RESULTS C108297 and, to a lesser extent, mifepristone reduced body weight gain and fat mass. C108297 decreased food and fructose intake and increased lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) and free fatty acid levels in plasma, resulting in decreased fat cell size and increased fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, C108297 reduced macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in WAT, as well as in vitro LPS-stimulated TNF-α secretion in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. However, mifepristone also increased energy expenditure, as measured by fully automatic metabolic cages, and enhanced expression of thermogenic markers in energy-combusting brown adipose tissue (BAT) but did not affect inflammation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS C108297 attenuates obesity by reducing caloric intake and increasing lipolysis and fat oxidation, and in addition attenuates inflammation. These data suggest that selective GR modulation may be a viable strategy for the reduction of diet-induced obesity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José K van den Heuvel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar van Hengel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Peschier-van der Put
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne van Beek
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa van Harmelen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto M Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hazel Hunt
- Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | | | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Shushimita S, Grefhorst A, Steenbergen J, de Bruin RWF, Ijzermans JNM, Themmen APN, Dor FJMF. Protection against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through hormesis? Dietary intervention versus cold exposure. Life Sci 2015; 144:69-79. [PMID: 26616751 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dietary restriction (DR) and fasting (FA) induce robust protection against the detrimental effects of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI). Several mechanisms of protection have been proposed, such as hormesis. Hormesis is defined as a life-supporting beneficial effect resulting from the cellular responses to single or multiple rounds of (mild) stress. The cold exposure (CE) model is a stress model similar to DR, and has been shown to have hormetic effects and has proved to increase longevity. CE is considered to be the most robust method to increase metabolism through activation of brown adipocytes. BAT has been considered important in etiology of obesity and its metabolic consequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS Since DR, FA, and CE models are proposed to work through hormesis, we investigated physiology of adipose tissue and effect on BAT in these models and compared them to ad libitum (AL) fed mice. We also studied the differential effect of these stress models on immunological changes, and effect of CE on renal I/RI. KEY FINDINGS We show similar physiological changes in adiposity in male C57Bl/6 mice due to DR, FA and CE, but the CE mice were not protected against renal I/RI. The immunophenotypic changes observed in the CE mice were similar to the AL animals, in contrast to FA mice, that showed major immunophenotypic changes in the B and T cell development stages in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings thus demonstrate that DR, FA and CE are hormetic stress models. DR and FA protect against renal I/IR, whereas CE could not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushimita Shushimita
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobie Steenbergen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron W F de Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M Ijzermans
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel P N Themmen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J M F Dor
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kooijman S, van den Heuvel JK, Rensen PCN. Neuronal Control of Brown Fat Activity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:657-668. [PMID: 26482876 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation reduces body fat and metabolic disorders by the enhanced combustion of lipids and glucose into heat. The thermogenic activity of brown adipocytes is primarily driven by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and controlled by the brain. In this review, we present recent advances in understanding how cues, such as temperature, light, and proteins, modulate the activity of brown fat by acting on the various hypothalamic nuclei. Given that activated BAT has a high capacity to take up and burn fatty acids (FAs) and glucose, pharmacological stimulation of brown fat in humans by either targeting the hypothalamus or mimicking outflow of the sympathetic nervous system might help improve glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and also lower body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - José K van den Heuvel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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58
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van den Beukel JC, Boon MR, Steenbergen J, Rensen PCN, Meijer OC, Themmen APN, Grefhorst A. Cold Exposure Partially Corrects Disturbances in Lipid Metabolism in a Male Mouse Model of Glucocorticoid Excess. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4115-28. [PMID: 26372178 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
High glucocorticoid concentrations are accompanied by metabolic side effects such as high plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue are important regulators of plasma TG. Exposure to 4°C reduces plasma TG concentrations, and we therefore aimed to study the interaction between glucocorticoid excess and 24 hours of exposure to 4°C on lipid metabolism. For this, mice were implanted with 50-mg corticosterone or control pellets and housed for 24 hours at 23°C or 4°C 1 week later, after which various aspects of TG metabolism in liver, BAT, and white adipose tissue were studied. Corticosterone treatment resulted in a 3.8-fold increase of plasma TG concentrations. Increased TG was normalized by cold exposure, an effect still present 24 hours after cold exposure. Corticosterone treatment increased hepatic TG content by 3.5-fold and provoked secretion of large, TG-rich very low density lipoprotein particles. Cold exposure reduced very low density lipoprotein-TG secretion by approximately 50%. Corticosterone strongly decreased BAT activity: BAT weight increased by 3.5-fold, whereas uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) mRNA expression and Ucp1 protein content of BAT were reduced by 75% and 60%, respectively. Cold exposure partially normalized these parameters of BAT activity. The uptake of TG by BAT was not affected by corticosterone treatment but was increased 4.5-fold upon cold exposure. In conclusion, cold exposure normalizes corticosterone-induced hypertriglyceridemia, at least partly via activating BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C van den Beukel
- Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.v.d.B., J.S., A.P.N.T., A.G.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (M.R.B., P.C.N.R., O.C.M.), Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.R.B., P.C.N.R., O.C.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.v.d.B., J.S., A.P.N.T., A.G.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (M.R.B., P.C.N.R., O.C.M.), Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.R.B., P.C.N.R., O.C.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobie Steenbergen
- Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.v.d.B., J.S., A.P.N.T., A.G.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (M.R.B., P.C.N.R., O.C.M.), Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.R.B., P.C.N.R., O.C.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.v.d.B., J.S., A.P.N.T., A.G.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (M.R.B., P.C.N.R., O.C.M.), Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.R.B., P.C.N.R., O.C.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.v.d.B., J.S., A.P.N.T., A.G.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (M.R.B., P.C.N.R., O.C.M.), Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.R.B., P.C.N.R., O.C.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Axel P N Themmen
- Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.v.d.B., J.S., A.P.N.T., A.G.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (M.R.B., P.C.N.R., O.C.M.), Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.R.B., P.C.N.R., O.C.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Internal Medicine (J.C.v.d.B., J.S., A.P.N.T., A.G.), Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine (M.R.B., P.C.N.R., O.C.M.), Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.R.B., P.C.N.R., O.C.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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van den Beukel JC, Grefhorst A, Hoogduijn MJ, Steenbergen J, Mastroberardino PG, Dor FJMF, Themmen APN. Women have more potential to induce browning of perirenal adipose tissue than men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1671-9. [PMID: 26179979 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can generate heat by burning fatty acids, a process mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). White adipose tissue (WAT) depots can gain BAT-like properties, and various studies have suggested that females have more active BAT or BAT-like WAT. We studied sex differences in BAT-like properties of human perirenal adipose tissue. METHODS Perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from 20 male and 24 female healthy live kidney donors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adipocyte precursor cells, were isolated from these depots to study whether intrinsic factors control BAT-like properties of the adipose tissue depots. RESULTS When average outside temperature a week before harvesting was below 11°C, brown-like adipocytes expressing UCP1 were present in perirenal adipose tissue of women, but not of men. MSCs derived from perirenal adipose tissue expressed significantly more UCP1 when from female origin compared to male origin (P = 0.009). However, UCP1 protein content and oxygen consumption rate did not differ between adipocytes derived from male and female perirenal MSCs. CONCLUSIONS Female perirenal adipose tissue has a higher potency to gain BAT-like properties than male perirenal adipose tissue. The degree of gaining BAT-like properties depends on sex-specific intrinsic factors and environmental triggers such as temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C van den Beukel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobie Steenbergen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pier G Mastroberardino
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J M F Dor
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel P N Themmen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Characterization of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-Axis in Familial Longevity under Resting Conditions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133119. [PMID: 26193655 PMCID: PMC4508039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis is the most important neuro-endocrine stress response system of our body which is of critical importance for survival. Disturbances in HPA-axis activity have been associated with adverse metabolic and cognitive changes. Humans enriched for longevity have less metabolic and cognitive disturbances and therefore diminished activity of the HPA axis may be a potential candidate mechanism underlying healthy familial longevity. Here, we compared 24-h plasma ACTH and serum cortisol concentration profiles and different aspects of the regulation of the HPA-axis in offspring from long-lived siblings, who are enriched for familial longevity and age-matched controls. Design Case-control study within the Leiden Longevity study cohort consisting of 20 middle-aged offspring of nonagenarian siblings (offspring) together with 18 partners (controls). Methods During 24 h, venous blood was sampled every 10 minutes for determination of circulatory ACTH and cortisol concentrations. Deconvolution analysis, cross approximate entropy analysis and ACTH-cortisol-dose response modeling were used to assess, respectively, ACTH and cortisol secretion parameters, feedforward and feedback synchrony and adrenal gland ACTH responsivity. Results Mean (95% Confidence Interval) basal ACTH secretion was higher in male offspring compared to male controls (645 (324-1286) ngl/L/24 h versus 240 (120-477) ng/L/24 h, P = 0.05). Other ACTH and cortisol secretion parameters did not differ between offspring and controls. In addition, no significant differences in feedforward and feedback synchrony and adrenal gland ACTH responsivity were observed between groups. Conclusions These results suggest that familial longevity is not associated with major differences in HPA-axis activity under resting conditions, although modest, sex-specific differences may exist between groups that might be clinically relevant.
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