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Body mass index and waist circumference combined predicts obesity-related hypertension better than either alone in a rural Chinese population. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31935. [PMID: 27545898 PMCID: PMC4992958 DOI: 10.1038/srep31935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited information is available on the association of obesity defined by both body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with incident hypertension in rural China. A total of 9,174 participants ≥18 years old from rural areas in middle of China, free of hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction and stroke, were selected in this cohort study. Questionnaire interview and anthropometric and laboratory measurements were performed at baseline (2007–2008) and follow-up (2013–2014). During the 6 years of follow-up, hypertension developed in 733/3,620 men and 1,051/5,554 women. After controlling for age, education level, smoking, drinking, physical activity, and family history of hypertension, the relative risk of hypertension was lower for participants with high BMI but normal WC than those with both BMI and WC obesity for men 18–39 and 40–59 years old. Women 18–39 years old with normal BMI but high WC showed a 1.96-fold risk of hypertension, and being female with age 40–59 years and high BMI but normal WC was independently associated with hypertension incidence as compared with both normal BMI and WC. BMI is more associated with hypertension as compared with WC in both genders. High WC tends to add additional risk of hypertension in young women.
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Gomez-Arango LF, Barrett HL, McIntyre HD, Callaway LK, Morrison M, Dekker Nitert M. Increased Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Is Associated With Altered Gut Microbiota Composition and Butyrate Production in Early Pregnancy. Hypertension 2016; 68:974-81. [PMID: 27528065 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The risk of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia is higher in obese pregnant women. In obesity, the composition of the gut microbiota is altered. Obesity is also associated with low-grade inflammation. Metabolites from the gut microbiota may contribute to both hypertension and inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the composition of the gut microbiota in overweight and obese pregnant women is associated with blood pressure and levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. The composition of the gut microbiota was determined with 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing in 205 women at 16 weeks gestation from the SPRING study (the Study of Probiotics in Gestational Diabetes). Expression of butyrate-producing genes in the gut microbiota was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels were measured in fasting serum of a subset of 70 women. Blood pressure was slightly but significantly higher in obese compared with overweight women. The abundance of the butyrate-producing genus Odoribacter was inversely correlated with systolic blood pressure. Butyrate production capacity was decreased, but plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 concentrations increased in obese pregnant women. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels were inversely correlated with expression of butyrate kinase and Odoribacter abundance. This study shows that in overweight and obese pregnant women at 16 weeks gestation, the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate production in the gut microbiota is significantly negatively associated with blood pressure and with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels. Increasing butyrate-producing capacity may contribute to maintenance of normal blood pressure in obese pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Gomez-Arango
- From the School of Medicine (L.F.G.-A., H.L.B., H.D.M., L.K.C., M.D.N.), UQ Centre for Clinical Research (L.F.G.-A., H.L.B., L.K.C., M.D.N.), Mater Research Institute (H.D.M.), and Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (M.M.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and Obstetric Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia (H.L.B., L.K.C.)
| | - Helen L Barrett
- From the School of Medicine (L.F.G.-A., H.L.B., H.D.M., L.K.C., M.D.N.), UQ Centre for Clinical Research (L.F.G.-A., H.L.B., L.K.C., M.D.N.), Mater Research Institute (H.D.M.), and Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (M.M.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and Obstetric Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia (H.L.B., L.K.C.)
| | - H David McIntyre
- From the School of Medicine (L.F.G.-A., H.L.B., H.D.M., L.K.C., M.D.N.), UQ Centre for Clinical Research (L.F.G.-A., H.L.B., L.K.C., M.D.N.), Mater Research Institute (H.D.M.), and Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (M.M.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and Obstetric Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia (H.L.B., L.K.C.)
| | - Leonie K Callaway
- From the School of Medicine (L.F.G.-A., H.L.B., H.D.M., L.K.C., M.D.N.), UQ Centre for Clinical Research (L.F.G.-A., H.L.B., L.K.C., M.D.N.), Mater Research Institute (H.D.M.), and Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (M.M.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and Obstetric Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia (H.L.B., L.K.C.)
| | - Mark Morrison
- From the School of Medicine (L.F.G.-A., H.L.B., H.D.M., L.K.C., M.D.N.), UQ Centre for Clinical Research (L.F.G.-A., H.L.B., L.K.C., M.D.N.), Mater Research Institute (H.D.M.), and Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (M.M.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and Obstetric Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia (H.L.B., L.K.C.)
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- From the School of Medicine (L.F.G.-A., H.L.B., H.D.M., L.K.C., M.D.N.), UQ Centre for Clinical Research (L.F.G.-A., H.L.B., L.K.C., M.D.N.), Mater Research Institute (H.D.M.), and Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (M.M.), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and Obstetric Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia (H.L.B., L.K.C.).
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Zhang H, Liu S, Li L, Liu S, Liu S, Mi J, Tian G. The impact of grape seed extract treatment on blood pressure changes: A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4247. [PMID: 27537554 PMCID: PMC5370781 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND OBJECTIVE Several clinical trials have shown that grape seed extract can reduce blood pressure, but the results are often irreproducible. We therefore sought to systematically evaluate the impact of grape seed extract treatment on the changes of systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) by meta-analyzing available randomized controlled trials. METHODS Trial selection and data extraction were completed independently by 2 investigators. Effect-size estimates were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Twelve articles involving 16 clinical trials and 810 study subjects were analyzed. Overall analyses found significant reductions for SBP (WMD = -6.077; 95% CI: -10.736 to -1.419; P = 0.011) and DBP (WMD = -2.803; 95% CI: -4.417 to -1.189; P = 0.001) after grape seed extract treatment. In subgroup analyses, there were significant reductions in younger subjects (mean age < 50 years) for SBP (WMD = -6.049; 95% CI: -10.223 to -1.875; P = 0.005) and DBP (WMD = -3.116; 95% CI: -4.773 to -1.459; P < 0.001), in obese subjects (mean body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m) for SBP (WMD = -4.469; 95% CI: -6.628 to -2.310; P < 0.001), and in patients with metabolic syndrome for SBP (WMD = -8.487; 95% CI: -11.869 to -5.106; P < 0.001). Further meta-regression analyses showed that age, body mass index, and baseline blood pressure were negatively associated with the significant reductions of SBP and DBP after treatment. There was no indication of publication bias. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that grape seed extract exerted a beneficial impact on blood pressure, and this impact was more obvious in younger or obese subjects, as well as in patients with metabolic disorders. In view of the small sample size involved, we agree that confirmation of our findings in a large-scale, long-term, multiple-dose randomized controlled trial, especially among hypertensive patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Enology, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Lan Li
- School of Enology, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Shisong Liu
- School of Enology, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Shuqi Liu
- School of Enology, Binzhou Medical University
- Correspondence: Jia Mi or Shuqi Liu or Geng Tian, Guanhai Road No. 346, Laishan, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China (e-mail: [JM] or [SL] or [GT])
| | - Jia Mi
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Correspondence: Jia Mi or Shuqi Liu or Geng Tian, Guanhai Road No. 346, Laishan, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China (e-mail: [JM] or [SL] or [GT])
| | - Geng Tian
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Correspondence: Jia Mi or Shuqi Liu or Geng Tian, Guanhai Road No. 346, Laishan, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China (e-mail: [JM] or [SL] or [GT])
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McEniery CM, Franklin SS, Cockcroft JR, Wilkinson IB. Isolated Systolic Hypertension in Young People Is Not Spurious and Should Be Treated. Hypertension 2016; 68:269-75. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.06547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmel M. McEniery
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (C.M.M., I.B.W.); Heart Disease Prevention Program, University of California, Irvine (S.S.F.); and Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (J.R.C.)
| | - Stanley S. Franklin
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (C.M.M., I.B.W.); Heart Disease Prevention Program, University of California, Irvine (S.S.F.); and Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (J.R.C.)
| | - John R. Cockcroft
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (C.M.M., I.B.W.); Heart Disease Prevention Program, University of California, Irvine (S.S.F.); and Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (J.R.C.)
| | - Ian B. Wilkinson
- From the Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (C.M.M., I.B.W.); Heart Disease Prevention Program, University of California, Irvine (S.S.F.); and Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (J.R.C.)
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Hwang EY, Yu MH, Jung YS, Lee SP, Shon JH, Lee SO. Defatted safflower seed extract inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and improves lipid profiles in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2016; 36:995-1003. [PMID: 27632920 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we hypothesized that defatted safflower seed which is known to be rich in polyphenols might influence adipogenesis and obesity-related disorders, and therefore the anti-adipogenic and hypolipidemic effects of ethanol extract from defatted safflower (Cathamus tinctorius L.) seeds (CSE) were investigated both in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet. CSE inhibited adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and decreased expression of the adipogenic transcription factors, SREBP1c and PPARγ, and their target genes. Six-week-old obese (ob/ob) mice were fed a high-fat diet and treated with CSE (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Body fat mass (epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissues) in the CSE-treated groups was significantly lower than that in the high-fat diet control (HFD) group, whereas average daily food intake was not significantly different among the groups. Plasma and hepatic triglyceride levels and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level were also significantly lower in the CSE groups compared to the HFD group. These results suggest that CSE which decreases body fat mass and improves lipid profiles in plasma and liver, represents a potential treatment option for obesity and associated metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Seop Jung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Pin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; The center for Traditional Microorganism Resource (TMR), Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han Shon
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Hwarang-ro 94, Gyeongsan 712-260, Republic of Korea
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; The center for Traditional Microorganism Resource (TMR), Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Obesity, which causes some cancer types and other diseases, is not only a global public health problem, but also a factor that affects country's economy. Endocrinal, environmental, neuronal and genetic factors have important roles on the etiology of obesity. When the possibility that SMAM‐1 animal virus could have a relationship with obesity was observed, obesity studies focused on human adenoviruses. Adenovirus‐36 was first isolated in 1978 and was the first human adenovirus to be tested in terms of infectobesity. Both in vivo and in vitro studies proved the strong relationship between adenovirus‐36 presence and obesity. Therefore, a large-scale study incorporating various ethnicities and age groups is required to investigate the worldwide epidemic of obesity and its links with viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamese Murat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Kafkas University, 36100 Kars, Turkey
| | - Altoparlak Ulku
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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Zhang Y, Ren J. Epigenetics and obesity cardiomyopathy: From pathophysiology to prevention and management. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 161:52-66. [PMID: 27013344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Uncorrected obesity has been associated with cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction. Several mechanisms for this cardiomyopathy have been identified, including oxidative stress, autophagy, adrenergic and renin-angiotensin aldosterone overflow. Another process that may regulate effects of obesity is epigenetics, which refers to the heritable alterations in gene expression or cellular phenotype that are not encoded on the DNA sequence. Advances in epigenome profiling have greatly improved the understanding of the epigenome in obesity, where environmental exposures during early life result in an increased health risk later on in life. Several mechanisms, including histone modification, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs, have been reported in obesity and can cause transcriptional suppression or activation, depending on the location within the gene, contributing to obesity-induced complications. Through epigenetic modifications, the fetus may be prone to detrimental insults, leading to cardiac sequelae later in life. Important links between epigenetics and obesity include nutrition, exercise, adiposity, inflammation, insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis. Genome-wide studies have identified altered DNA methylation patterns in pancreatic islets, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues from obese subjects compared with non-obese controls. In addition, aging and intrauterine environment are associated with differential DNA methylation. Given the intense research on the molecular mechanisms of the etiology of obesity and its complications, this review will provide insights into the current understanding of epigenetics and pharmacological and non-pharmacological (such as exercise) interventions targeting epigenetics as they relate to treatment of obesity and its complications. Particular focus will be on DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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