51
|
Carvedilol can attenuate histamine-induced paw edema and formaldehyde-induced arthritis in rats without risk of gastric irritation. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 50:243-250. [PMID: 28711030 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Rheumatoid arthritis treatment aims to control joint damage and any associated complications such as cardiovascular disease. Most anti-inflammatory drugs have a high tendency to cause gastro-intestinal irritation. The present study is designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of carvedilol and to study its effect on gastric mucosa. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Lornoxicam (1.3mg/kg) or carvedilol (10mg/kg) was administrated orally 1h before histamine injection into animals of a histamine-induced paw edema model and orally daily for 11days into animals of a formaldehyde-induced arthritis model. Tumor necrosis factor-α and prostaglandin E2 were measured in animals of the formaldehyde-induced arthritis model. The effect of lornoxicam and carvedilol on gastric mucosa was assessed in normal rats and after induction of cold stress ulcer. RESULTS Carvedilol succeeded in reducing hind paw edema in both histamine-induced paw edema and formaldehyde-induced arthritis and in reducing the elevated level of tumor necrosis factor-α and prostaglandin E2 nearly with near equal efficacy compared with lornoxicam. Carvedilol did not show any ulcerative effect on the gastric mucosa of normal rats, and its use was associated with an improvement of both the gross and histopathological pictures of gastric ulcers in animals of the cold stress ulcer model compared with lornoxicam treated rats. CONCLUSION The current findings support the use of carvedilol both in the management of inflammation as well as the prevention of cardiovascular complications in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The use of carvedilol was not associated with any gastro-intestinal tract irritation.
Collapse
|
52
|
Ayashi S, Assareh AR, Jalali MT, Olapour S, Yaghooti H. Role of antioxidant property of carvedilol in mild to moderate hypertensive patients: A prospective open-label study. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 48:372-376. [PMID: 27756946 PMCID: PMC4980923 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.186206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Carvedilol is a nonselective third generation β-blocker that does not display the negative effects of traditional β-blockers. Regarding the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and distinct metabolic properties of carvedilol which are similar to that of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1), the present study intends to investigate the effects of carvedilol treatment on malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble lectin-like ox-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (sLOX-1) as markers of oxidative stress in association to lipid profiles, apolipoproteins (apo), and PON1 activity in hypertensive patients. Patients and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on forty patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Subjects were studied before and after 2 months treatment with carvedilol, 25 mg daily. Lipids and lipoproteins were measured using a biochemistry analyzer. PON and arylesterase activity were assayed using paraoxon and phenyl acetate as substrates, respectively. MDA was quantified using a chemical colorimetric assay. ELISA was used to measure sLOX-1. Results: Our results showed that carvedilol treatment decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure as much as forty and 16 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.001). It also increased HDL, total cholesterol, and serum PON1 activity (P < 0.05), but the levels of triglyceride, LDL, apo A-I, and apo B did not significantly change. There was an inverse correlation between serum PON1 activity and serum MDA. Conclusion: This study confirmed the antihypertensive effect of the drug and its beneficial metabolic effects through augmenting HDL and PON1 activity. We propose that the antioxidant effects of carvedilol can be partially attributed to increased PON-1 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Ayashi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Assareh
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taha Jalali
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Olapour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamid Yaghooti
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Chaves PDS, Ourique AF, Frank LA, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS, Beck RCR. Carvedilol-loaded nanocapsules: Mucoadhesive properties and permeability across the sublingual mucosa. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 114:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
54
|
Diogo CV, Deus CM, Lebiedzinska-Arciszewska M, Wojtala A, Wieckowski MR, Oliveira PJ. Carvedilol and antioxidant proteins in a type I diabetes animal model. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:19-29. [PMID: 27805735 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes are at a high risk of developing both micro- and macrovascular disease. Hyperglycaemia seems to be the main factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, often based on increased oxidative stress. Carvedilol, a β-adrenergic blocker, has intrinsic antioxidant properties and was previously described to be effective in the protection of cardiac mitochondria against oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carvedilol on hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial abnormalities in cardiac and skeletal muscle in streptozotocin-treated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Body mass, blood glucose, the level of protein carbonylation, caspase-9- and caspase-3-like activities, mitochondrial proteins, the status of antioxidant defence system and stress-related proteins were evaluated in streptozotocin vs streptozotocin + carvedilol (1 mg/kg/day)-treated rats. RESULTS The results showed that carvedilol decreased blood glucose in streptozotocin-treated animals. Content of catalase in the heart and SOD2, SOD1 and catalase in skeletal muscle were increased by carvedilol treatment in streptozotocin-treated animals. At this particular time point, streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia did not cause caspase activation or increase in protein carbonylation status. The data showed that carvedilol increased the level of antioxidant enzymes, what may contribute to preserve cell redox balance during hyperglycaemia. We also showed here for the first time that carvedilol effects on streptozotocin-treated rats are tissue dependent, with a more predominant effect on skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS Based on data showing modulation of the antioxidant network in the heart, carvedilol may be beneficial in diabetic patients without advanced disease complications, delaying their progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia V Diogo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Cláudia M Deus
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Aleksandra Wojtala
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Dasgupta S, Aly AM. Dilated Cardiomyopathy Induced by Chronic Starvation and Selenium Deficiency. Case Rep Pediatr 2016; 2016:8305895. [PMID: 27994905 PMCID: PMC5138453 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8305895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) has been rarely documented as a cause of cardiovascular abnormalities, including dilated cardiomyopathy. Selenium is responsible for antioxidant defense mechanisms in cardiomyocytes, and its deficiency in the setting of PEM and disease related malnutrition (DRM) may lead to exacerbation of the dilated cardiomyopathy. We report a rare case of a fourteen-year-old boy who presented with symptoms of congestive heart failure due to DRM and PEM (secondary to chronic starvation) along with severe selenium deficiency. An initial echocardiogram showed severely depressed systolic function consistent with dilated cardiomyopathy. Aggressive nutritional support and replacement of selenium and congestive heart failure medications that included diuretics and ACE inhibitors with the addition of carvedilol led to normalization of the cardiac function within four weeks. He continues to have significant weight gain and is currently completely asymptomatic from a cardiovascular standpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soham Dasgupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ashraf M. Aly
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Sane R, Aklujkar A, Patil A, Mandole R. Effect of heart failure reversal treatment as add-on therapy in patients with chronic heart failure: A randomized, open-label study. Indian Heart J 2016. [PMID: 28648417 PMCID: PMC5485380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to evaluate effect of heart failure reversal therapy (HFRT) using herbal procedure (panchakarma) and allied therapies, as add-on to standard CHF treatment (SCT) in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. METHODS This open-label, randomized study conducted in CHF patients (aged: 25-65 years, ejection fraction: 30-65%), had 3-phases: 1-week screening, 6-week treatment (randomized [1:1] to HFRT+SCT or SCT-alone) and follow-up (12-week). Twice weekly HFRT (60-75min) consisting of snehana (external oleation), swedana (passive heat therapy), hrudaydhara (concoction dripping treatment) and basti (enema) was administered. Primary endpoints included evaluation of change in metabolic equivalents of task (MET) and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) from baseline, at end of 6-week treatment and follow-up at week-18 (non-parametric rank ANCOVA analysis). Safety and quality of life (QoL) was assessed. RESULTS Seventy CHF patients (n=35, each treatment-arm; mean [SD] age: 53.0 [8.6], 80% men) were enrolled in the study. All patients completed treatment phase. Add-on HFRT caused a significant increase in METs (least square mean difference [LSMD], 6-week: 1.536, p=0.0002; 18-week: -1.254, p=0.0089) and VO2peak (LSMD, 6-week: -5.52, p=0.0002; 18-week: -4.517, p=0.0089) as compared with SCT-alone. Results were suggestive of improved functional capacity in patients with HFRT (QoL; Mean [SD] HFRT+SCT vs. SCT-alone; 6-week: -0.44 [0.34] vs. -0.06 [0.25], p<0.0001 and 18-week: -0.53 [0.35] vs. -0.29 [0.26], p=0.0013). Seven treatment-emergent adverse events (mild severity) were reported in HFRT-arm. CONCLUSION Findings of this study highlight therapeutic efficacy of add-on HFRT vs. SCT-alone in CHF patients. The non-invasive HFRT showed no safety concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atul Patil
- Shree Saibaba Heart Institute and Research Center, Nashik, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Morita M, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T, Niki E. Inhibition of plasma lipid oxidation induced by peroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite, hypochlorite, 15-lipoxygenase, and singlet oxygen by clinical drugs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5411-5417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
58
|
Maulik SK, Wilson V, Seth S, Bhargava B, Dua P, Ramakrishnan S, Katiyar CK. Clinical efficacy of water extract of stem bark of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. in patients of chronic heart failure: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1211-1219. [PMID: 26988798 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stem bark of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight and Arn. (Arjuna) is used in Indian system of medicine (Ayurveda) for treatment of various cardiac diseases, including heart failure. However, well designed clinical trials exploring its efficacy and safety in chronic heart failure (CHF) are lacking. PURPOSE To ascertain the add-on efficacy and safety of a standardized water extract of stem bark of Arjuna (Arjuna extract) in CHF patients on standard pharmacotherapy. STUDY DESIGN Double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled add-on clinical trial. METHODS After approval of institutional ethics committee, 100 patients of CHF of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II on standard pharmacotherapy having an echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40% were consecutively recruited with informed consent and randomized 1:1 to Arjuna extract 750 mg or matching placebo twice daily. The primary outcome measure was change in LVEF at 12 weeks. Secondary outcome measures included changes in (i) NYHA functional class, (ii) distance covered in 6 min walk test (6MWT), (iii) quality of life (QoL), as determined by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), (iv) plasma brain natriuretic peptide, (v) plasma cytokines (interleukin-6, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor-α) and (vi) oxidative stress markers [serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), red blood cell (RBC) superoxide dismutase (SOD), RBC catalase and RBC glutathione (GSH)] at 6 and 12 weeks. Safety assessment was done by adverse event monitoring and laboratory investigations. Results were expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) and analysed with intention-to- treat principle using appropriate two-sided statistical tests. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Arjuna extract was well-tolerated, but did not change LVEF (24.3 ± 7.1 versus 25.5 ± 7.7%; p = 0.4) or secondary outcome measures except preservation of RBC catalase activity [1275(104, 10350) versus 1243.5(104, 10350) U/g haemoglobin; p = 0.01] compared to placebo. Significantly greater percentage increases occurred in distance covered in 6 MWT, RBC-SOD, RBC catalase, RBC GSH and in symptom severity and stability domains of KCCQ in patients on Arjuna extract versus those on placebo, on a post-hoc analysis, between subgroups of patients who improved in these outcomes. CONCLUSION Arjuna extract did not improve LVEF in CHF patients over 12 weeks, although there was improvement in functional capacity, antioxidant reserves and symptom-related QoL domains in some patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subir K Maulik
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, 110029 New Delhi, India..
| | - Vinu Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, 110029 New Delhi, India.; Department of Pharmacology, Sree Gokulam Medical College & Research Foundation, Venjaramoodu, Trivandrum, 695607 Kerala, India
| | - Sandeep Seth
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, 110029 New Delhi, India
| | - Balram Bhargava
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, 110029 New Delhi, India
| | - Pamila Dua
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, 110029 New Delhi, India
| | - Sivasubramanian Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, 110029 New Delhi, India
| | - Chandra K Katiyar
- Dabur India Limited, Ghaziabad, 201010 Uttar Pradesh, India.; Emami Limited, Kolkata, 700107 West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Muñoz-Ortega MH, Llamas-Ramírez RW, Romero-Delgadillo NI, Elías-Flores TG, Tavares-Rodríguez EDJ, Campos-Esparza MDR, Cervantes-García D, Muñoz-Fernández L, Gerardo-Rodríguez M, Ventura-Juárez J. Doxazosin Treatment Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Hamsters through a Decrease in Transforming Growth Factor β Secretion. Gut Liver 2016; 10:101-8. [PMID: 26573293 PMCID: PMC4694741 DOI: 10.5009/gnl14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cirrhosis has become an important focus for basic and clinical researchers. Adrenergic receptor antagonists have been evaluated as antifibrotic drugs in rodent models of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of carvedilol and doxazosin on fibrosis/cirrhosis in a hamster animal model. Methods Cirrhotic-induced hamsters were treated by daily administration of carvedilol and doxazosin for 6 weeks. Hepatic function and histological evaluation were conducted by measuring biochemical markers, including total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and albumin, and liver tissue slices. Additionally, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) immunohistochemistry was analyzed. Results Biochemical markers revealed that hepatic function was restored after treatment with doxazosin and carvedilol. Histological evaluation showed a decrease in collagen type I deposits and TGF-β-secreting cells. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that the decrease in collagen type I following treatment with doxazosin or carvedilol is achieved by decreasing the profibrotic activities of TGF-β via the blockage of α1- and β-adrenergic receptor. Consequently, a diminution of fibrotic tissue in the CCl4-induced model of cirrhosis is achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Humberto Muñoz-Ortega
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | | | - Tania Guadalupe Elías-Flores
- Department of Morphology, Center of Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | | | - Daniel Cervantes-García
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Luis Muñoz-Fernández
- Department of Pathology, Centenary Hospital Miguel Hidalgo, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Martin Gerardo-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Center of Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Javier Ventura-Juárez
- Department of Morphology, Center of Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Eid AH, Abdelkader NF, Abd El-Raouf OM, Fawzy HM, El-Denshary EEDS. Carvedilol alleviates testicular and spermatological damage induced by cisplatin in rats via modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1693-1702. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
61
|
Amirshahrokhi K, Khalili AR. Carvedilol attenuates paraquat-induced lung injury by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokine MCP-1, NF-κB activation and oxidative stress mediators. Cytokine 2016; 88:144-153. [PMID: 27619518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide that selectively accumulates in the lungs and causes pulmonary damage through the oxidative and inflammatory processes. Carvedilol is a nonselective beta and alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that has been shown to possess powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects and the underlying mechanisms of carvedilol on paraquat-induced lung injury in a mouse model. Mice were injected with a single dose of paraquat (20mg/kg, ip), and treated with carvedilol (10 and 20mg/kg/day, orally) for eight days. At the end of the experiment, lung tissue and blood samples were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. The results showed that carvedilol treatment improved the histopathological changes in the lung tissue of mice exposed to paraquat. Carvedilol significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl protein, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitric oxide (NO), while increased the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione reductase compared with paraquat group. Carvedilol treatment also significantly reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in the lung tissue. Treatment of mice with carvedilol decreased paraquat-induced expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). In addition the plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and the lung hydroxyproline content significantly reduced by carvedilol treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that carvedilol is able to decrease the severity of paraquat-induced lung injury through inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Amirshahrokhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Ali-Reza Khalili
- Division of Pathology, Imam Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Kwak T, Al Zoubi M, Bhavith A, Rueda Rios C, Kumar S. Acute myocarditis in bodybuilder from coxsackievirus and thyrotoxicosis. J Cardiol Cases 2016; 14:123-126. [PMID: 30524566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 25-year-old male with no past medical history presented with 1 day of chest pain. The patient had exercised with high intensity for a bodybuilding competition. He had fever, malaise, sore throat, and cough 1 week before presentation. He was tachycardic and tachypneic. Cardiac examination was unremarkable. Electrocardiogram showed diffuse ST segment elevation. Laboratory results showed leukocytosis, creatinine kinase 3078 unit/L, and troponin I 78.06 ng/mL. Coronary angiography revealed no occlusion. Echocardiogram showed ejection fraction of 45% with global hypokinesis. The next day, the patient became dyspneic, hypoxic, and hypotensive. Chest X-ray showed pulmonary edema requiring intubation for respiratory failure. Inotropic support and intra-aortic balloon pump were started. A viral panel was ordered and antibody titer of coxsackievirus B type 4 was ≥1:640. On obtaining further history, it was found that he took liothyronine 75 mcg daily for 3 weeks. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was 0.015 U/mL and free T3 was 4.4 ng/mL. Burch-Wartofsky score was 75. Methimazole and hydrocortisone were started. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse myocardial inflammation and edema. There was multifocal dense epicardial and midmyocardial necrosis in all segments. The patient was discharged on metoprolol and enalapril. The patient was instructed to refrain from supplements. <Learning objective: Exogenous thyroid hormone abuse may be an unusual cause of acute myocarditis in young healthy individuals. Physicians should emphasize to athletes to avoid overtraining and to minimize exposure to infection. Athletes with a clinical diagnosis of viral myocarditis should be temporarily excluded from competitive physical activity. Physicians should check whether athletes' immunizations are up-to-date and advise athletes against the use of thyroid hormone.>.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Moamen Al Zoubi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aruni Bhavith
- Department of Cardiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos Rueda Rios
- Department of Cardiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Surender Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Özsoy AZ, Nursal AF, Arıcı A, Bütün İ, Uysal M, Irmak Sapmaz H, Kunt İşgüder Ç, Yılmaz Doğru H, Taş U. Effects of carvedilol on an ischemia/reperfusion model: Biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 42:1132-40. [PMID: 27170505 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of carvedilol (CVD) on experimentally induced ovarian ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. METHODS An ovarian I/R model was applied to rats, classified into three groups: 1 (n = 7), sham operated (control); 2 (n = 7), 3 h ischemia + 3 h reperfusion (I/R); 3 (n = 7), 3 h ischemia + CVD + 3 h reperfusion (I/R + CVD). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in ovarian tissues and serum were measured. Tissue damage was examined histopathologically; Bax and caspase-3 expression was determined immunhistochemically. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to show apoptotic cell death. RESULTS MDA levels in ovarian tissues were significantly increased in the I/R group compared with the control. CVD administration significantly decreased tissue MDA levels in the I/R + CVD in comparison with the I/R group. GSH-Px activities in serum were higher in the I/R + CVD than in the I/R group. SOD activities in tissue and serum were significantly decreased in the I/R compared with the control group. Histological examination showed a significant improvement in ovarian morphology in the I/R + CVD compared with the I/R group. Bax and caspase-3 protein was more strongly expressed in the I/R group compared with the control and I/R + CVD groups. Apoptotic index detected by TUNEL assay was significantly increased in the I/R and decreased in the I/R + CVD group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CVD reduces the deleterious effects of oxidative damage on ovaries in a rat I/R model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asker Zeki Özsoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Feyda Nursal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetic, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Akgül Arıcı
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - İlknur Bütün
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Murat Uysal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hilal Irmak Sapmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Kunt İşgüder
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yılmaz Doğru
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Taş
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Carvalho Rodrigues MA, dos Santos NAG, da Silva Faria MC, Rodrigues JL, Kinoshita A, Baffa O, Antunes LMG, Barbosa F, Gobe GC, dos Santos AC. Carvedilol protects the kidneys of tumor-bearing mice without impairing the biodistribution or the genotoxicity of cisplatin. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 245:59-65. [PMID: 26751708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (Cisp) is an effective antitumor drug; however, it causes severe nephrotoxicity. Minimization of renal toxicity is essential, but the interference of nephroprotective agents, particularly antioxidants, with the antitumor activity of cisplatin is a general concern. We have recently demonstrated that the anti-hypertensive and antioxidant drug carvedilol (CV) protects against the renal damage and increases the survival of tumor-bearing mice without impairing the tumor reduction by cisplatin. So far, reports on the antioxidant mechanism of CV are controversial and there are no data on the impact of CV on the antitumor mechanisms of cisplatin. Therefore, this study addresses the effect of CV on mechanisms underlying the tumor control by cisplatin. CV did not interfere with the biodistribution or the genotoxicity of cisplatin. We also addressed the antioxidant mechanisms of CV and demonstrated that it does not neutralize free radicals, but is an efficient chelator of ferrous ions that are relevant catalyzers in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. The present data suggest that oxidative damage and genotoxicity play different roles in the toxicity of cisplatin on kidneys and tumors and therefore, some antioxidants might be safe as chemoprotectors. Altogether, our studies provide consistent evidence of the beneficial effect of CV on animals treated with cisplatin and might encourage clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Carvalho Rodrigues
- Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal, UDF, SEP/SUL EQ704/904 Conj.A, Brasilia/DF, CEP 70390-045, Brazil
| | - Neife A G dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia C da Silva Faria
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhona e Mucuri, UFVJM, Campus do Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni/MG, Rua do Cruzeiro, nº 01 - Jardim, São Paulo, CEP 39803-371, Brazil
| | - Jairo Lisboa Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhona e Mucuri, UFVJM, Campus do Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni/MG, Rua do Cruzeiro, nº 01 - Jardim, São Paulo, CEP 39803-371, Brazil
| | - Angela Kinoshita
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Avenida do Café s/n, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Baffa
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Avenida do Café s/n, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lusania M Greggi Antunes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Antonio Cardozo dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Nitta D, Kinugawa K, Imamura T, Kato NP, Komuro I. High Dose β-Blocker Therapy Triggers Additional Reverse Remodeling in Patients With Idiopathic Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Int Heart J 2016; 57:717-724. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.16-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nitta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Koichiro Kinugawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Teruhiko Imamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Naoko P Kato
- Department of Therapeutic Strategy for Heart Failure, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Yonekura Y, Fujii H, Nakai K, Kono K, Goto S, Shinohara M, Nishi S. Anti-oxidative effect of the β-blocker carvedilol on diabetic nephropathy in non-obese type 2 diabetic rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:972-978. [PMID: 26173411 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The β-blocker carvedilol has been proven to have an anti-oxidant property. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of carvedilol on diabetic nephropathy. At 20 weeks of age, male Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats were divided into three groups based on treatment: (i) an INS group (administered insulin); (ii) a CAR group (administered 10 mg/kg per day, p.o., carvedilol); and (iii) a diabetic (DM) group (administered vehicle). Rats were treated for a period of 10 weeks and were killed at 30 weeks of age. Urinary albumin excretion, renal histomorphology, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Urinary albumin excretion was significantly lower in the CAR than DM group (42.82 ± 3.94 vs 76.62 ± 13.74 mg/day respectively; P < 0.05). The mesangial index was lower in the CAR group than in the DM group. Urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), the number of 8-OHdG-positive cells in glomeruli, and the mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase p22phox and p47phox were also lower in the CAR than DM group. However, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood pressure levels were comparable between the two groups. The results suggest that carvedilol could prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy by suppressing oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Yonekura
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Centre, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Centre, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakai
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Centre, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keiji Kono
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Centre, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Goto
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Centre, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Nishi
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Centre, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Long VP, Carnes CA. Treating cocaine cardiotoxicity: Does receptor subtype matter? Trends Cardiovasc Med 2015; 25:527-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
68
|
Krishnamurthy B, Rani N, Bharti S, Golechha M, Bhatia J, Nag TC, Ray R, Arava S, Arya DS. Febuxostat ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 237:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
69
|
Rezvanfar MA, Saeedi S, Mansoori P, Saadat S, Goosheh M, Shojaei Saadi HA, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Dual targeting of TNF-α and free radical toxic stress as a promising strategy to manage experimental polycystic ovary. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:80-90. [PMID: 25955958 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1014922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is now clear that oxidative stress (OS) and chronic low-grade inflammation are two main pathways involved in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathogenesis. Therefore, simultaneous targeting of these pathways by means of carvedilol and Semelil (ANGIPARS™), as established medicines with dual anti-cytokine and anti-oxidant potential may be a therapeutic alternative approach to the current treatments. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to study the protective effects of carvedilol and ANGIPARS™ on inflammatory and oxidative response in hyperandrogenism-induced polycystic ovary (PCO). MATERIALS AND METHODS The murine model of PCO was induced by letrozole (1 mg/kg/d; orally) and effective doses of carvedilol (10 mg/kg/d; orally) and ANGIPARS™ (2.1 mg/kg/d; orally) were administrated for 21 d in PCO and non-PCO healthy rats. Ovarian folliculogenesis, sex hormones concentrations, OS, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers were assessed in serum and ovaries. RESULTS PCO rats exhibited ovarian cystogenesis which was preserved by the application of carvedilol and ANGIPARS™. In comparison with controls, decreased level of the total antioxidant power (TAP) and higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in serum and ovaries (2.41 ± 0.67 versus 0.72 ± 0.11; and 0.17 ± 0.04 versus 0.05 ± 0.01; 5.48 ± 1.30 versus 10.56 ± 0.77; and 7.06 ± 1.94 versus 17.98 ± 0.98; p < 0.05, respectively) were detected in PCO rats. Moreover, the PCO rats exhibited hyperandrogenism due to a 3.7-fold increase in serum testosterone concentration (35.04 ± 3.17 versus 131.09 ± 13.24; p < 0.05) along with a 2.98-fold decrease in serum progesterone (6.19 ± 0.40 versus 18.50 ± 1.03; p < 0.05) and 5.2-fold decrease in serum estradiol (9.30 ± 0.61 versus 48.3 ± 2.10; p < 0.05) when compared with those of the control group. However, similar to the control group, normal levels of OS markers and sex hormones were detected in ANGIPARS™ and carvedilol co-treated PCO rats. Besides, when compared with controls, increased levels of TNF-α (770.75 ± 42.06 versus 477.14 ± 28.77; p < 0.05) and insulin (1.27 ± 0.10 versus 0.36 ± 0.05; p < 0.05) in PCO rats were significantly inhibited by carvedilol and ANGIPARS™ co-treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We evidenced the beneficial effects of carvedilol and ANGIPARS™ in PCO, which underpin the new alternative approach in using these kinds of medicines in female reproductive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rezvanfar
- a Division of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
- b Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sarah Saeedi
- c Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Parisa Mansoori
- c Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sepideh Saadat
- c Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maziar Goosheh
- d Faculty of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran , and
| | - Habib A Shojaei Saadi
- e Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction , UniversitéLaval , Québec City , QC , Canada
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- b Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- a Division of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
- b Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Biological potential of carbazole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 94:405-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
71
|
Akgüllü Ç, Hekim T, Eryılmaz U, Boyacıoğlu M, Güngör H, Meteoğlu İ, Karul A, Onbaşılı OA. The usefulness of carvedilol and nebivolol in preventing contrast nephropathy in rats. Ren Fail 2015; 37:511-7. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1006087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
72
|
Legallois D, Belin A, Nesterov SV, Milliez P, Parienti JJ, Knuuti J, Abbas A, Tirel O, Agostini D, Manrique A. Cardiac rehabilitation improves coronary endothelial function in patients with heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy: A positron emission tomography study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 23:129-36. [PMID: 25525058 DOI: 10.1177/2047487314565739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is common in patients with heart failure and is associated with poor clinical outcome. Cardiac rehabilitation is able to enhance peripheral endothelial function but its impact on coronary vasomotion remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effect of cardiac rehabilitation on coronary vasomotion in patients with heart failure. METHOD We prospectively enrolled 29 clinically stable heart failure patients from non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy and without coronary risk factors. Myocardial blood flow was quantified using (15)-O water positron emission tomography at rest and during a cold pressor test, before and after 12 weeks of cardiac rehabilitation and optimization of medical therapy. RESULTS Rest myocardial blood flow was significantly improved after the completion of rehabilitation compared to baseline (1.31 ± 0.38 mL/min/g vs. 1.16 ± 0.41 mL/min/g, p = 0.04). The endothelium-related change in myocardial blood flow from rest to cold pressor test and the percentage of myocardial blood flow increase during the cold pressor test were both significantly improved after cardiac rehabilitation (respectively from -0.03 ± 0.22 mL/min/g to 0.19 ± 0.22 mL/min/g, p < 0.001 and from 101.5 ± 16.5% to 118.3 ± 24.4%, p < 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction, plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide, maximal oxygen consumption and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score were also significantly improved. The improvement was not related to uptitration of medical therapy. CONCLUSIONS Coronary endothelial function is altered in patients with heart failure due to non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy. In these patients, cardiac rehabilitation significantly improves coronary vasomotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Legallois
- Department of Cardiology, CHU de Caen, France Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | | | - Sergey V Nesterov
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland IM Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russia Faculty of Medicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Russia
| | - Paul Milliez
- Department of Cardiology, CHU de Caen, France Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - J-J Parienti
- Department of Biostatistic and Clinical Research, CHU de Caen, France
| | | | | | | | - Denis Agostini
- Normandie Université, Caen, France Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Caen, France
| | - Alain Manrique
- Normandie Université, Caen, France Cyceron PET Centre, Caen, France Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Short-term use of telmisartan attenuates oxidation and improves Prdx2 expression more than antioxidant β-blockers in the cardiovascular systems of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2014; 38:106-15. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
74
|
Lemmo W. Potential interactions of prescription and over‐the‐counter medications having antioxidant capabilities with radiation and chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:2525-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Lemmo
- LEMMO Integrated Cancer Care Inc.Vancouver Canada
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Xu C, Hu Y, Hou L, Ju J, Li X, Du N, Guan X, Liu Z, Zhang T, Qin W, Shen N, Bilal MU, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Shan H. β-Blocker carvedilol protects cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by up-regulating miR-133 expression. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 75:111-21. [PMID: 25066695 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a causal factor and key promoter of a variety of cardiovascular diseases associated with apoptotic cell death by causing deregulation of related genes. Though carvedilol, a β-adrenergic blocker, has been shown to produce cytoprotective effects against cardiomyocyte apoptosis, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study was designed to investigate whether the beneficial effects of carvedilol are related to microRNAs which have emerged as critical players in cardiovascular pathophysiology via post-transcriptional regulation of protein-coding genes. In vivo, we demonstrated that carvedilol ameliorated impaired cardiac function of infarct rats and restored miR-133 expression. In vitro, carvedilol protected cardiomyocytes from H2O2 induced apoptosis detected by TUNEL staining and MTT assays, and increased miR-133 expression in cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of miR-133, a recognized anti-apoptotic miRNA, produced similar effects to carvedilol: reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increment of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level, so as to protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by downregulating caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression in the presence of H2O2. Transfection with AMO-133 (antisense inhibitor oligodeoxyribonucleotides) alone abolished the beneficial effects of carvedilol. Caspase-9-specific inhibitor z-LEHD-fmk, caspase-3-specific inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk, caspase-9 siRNA and caspase-3 siRNA were used to establish caspase-3 as a downstream target of miR-133. In conclusion, our data indicated that carvedilol protected cardiomyocytes by increasing miR-133 expression and suppressing caspase-9 and subsequent apoptotic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liangyu Hou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin Ju
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ning Du
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhenhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianze Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nannan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Muhammad U Bilal
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hongli Shan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
|
77
|
Carvalho Rodrigues MA, Silva Faria MCD, Santos NAD, Gobe GC, dos Santos AC. Carvedilol efficiently protects kidneys without affecting the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
78
|
Budni P, Pedrosa RC, Dalmarco EM, Dalmarco JB, Frode TS, Wilhelm D. Carvedilol enhances the antioxidant effect of vitamins E and C in chronic Chagas heart disease. Arq Bras Cardiol 2013; 101:304-10. [PMID: 24008655 PMCID: PMC4062366 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20130184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease is still an important endemic disease in Brazil, and the
cardiac involvement is its more severe manifestation. Objective To verify whether the concomitant use of carvedilol will enhance the
antioxidant effect of vitamins E and C in reducing the systemic oxidative
stress in chronic Chagas heart disease. Methods A total of 42 patients with Chagas heart disease were studied. They were
divided into four groups according to the modified Los Andes classification:
10 patients in group IA (normal electrocardiogram and echocardiogram; no
cardiac involvement); 20 patients in group IB (normal electrocardiogram and
abnormal echocardiogram; mild cardiac involvement); eight patients in group
II (abnormal electrocardiogram and echocardiogram; no heart failure;
moderate cardiac involvement); and four patients in group III (abnormal
electrocardiogram and echocardiogram with heart failure; severe cardiac
involvement). Blood levels of markers of oxidative stress were determined
before and after a six-month period of treatment with carvedilol, and six
months after combined therapy of carvedilol with vitamins E and C. The
markers analyzed were as follows: activities of superoxide dismutase,
catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and reductase,
myeloperoxidade and adenosine deaminase; and the levels of reduced
glutathione, thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances, protein carbonyls,
vitamin E, and nitric oxide. Results After treatment with carvedilol, all groups showed significant decrease in
protein carbonyls and reduced glutathione levels, whereas nitric oxide
levels and adenosine activity increased significantly only in the less
severely affected group (IA). In addition, the activity of most of the
antioxidant enzymes was decreased in the less severely affected groups (IA
and IB). By combining the vitamins with carvedilol, a reduction in protein
damage, in glutathione levels, and in the activity of most of the
antioxidant enzymes were observed. Conclusions The decrease in oxidative stress levels observed by means of the markers
tested was more significant when carvedilol was used in combination with the
antioxidant vitamins. The findings suggest that both carvedilol alone and in
combination with the vitamins were effective in attenuating the systemic
oxidative stress in patients with Chagas heart disease, especially those
less severely affected, thus suggesting the possibility of synergism between
these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Budni
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC - Brazil
- Mailing address: Patricia Budni, Universidade Federal de Santa
Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Cidade Universitária, Trindade. Postal
Code 80040-900, Florianópolis, SC - Brazil. E-mail:
| | - Roberto Coury Pedrosa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ -
Brazil
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ -
Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Danilo Wilhelm
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC - Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Beta blockers, nitric oxide, and cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:265-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
80
|
Arab HH, El-Sawalhi MM. Carvedilol alleviates adjuvant-induced arthritis and subcutaneous air pouch edema: modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 268:241-8. [PMID: 23360886 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease with cardiovascular complications as the leading cause of morbidity. Carvedilol is an adrenergic antagonist which has been safely used in treatment of several cardiovascular disorders. Given that carvedilol has powerful antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties, we aimed to investigate its protective potential against arthritis that may add further benefits for its clinical usefulness especially in RA patients with concomitant cardiovascular disorders. Two models were studied in the same rat; adjuvant arthritis and subcutaneous air pouch edema. Carvedilol (10mg/kg/day p.o. for 21days) effectively suppressed inflammation in both models with comparable efficacy to the standard anti-inflammatory diclofenac (5mg/kg/day p.o.). Notably, carvedilol inhibited paw edema and abrogated the leukocyte invasion to air pouch exudates. The latter observation was confirmed by the histopathological assessment of the pouch lining that revealed mitigation of immuno-inflammatory cell influx. Carvedilol reduced/normalized oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxides, nitric oxide and protein thiols) and lowered the release of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α & IL-6), and eicosanoids (PGE2 & LTB4) in sera and exudates of arthritic rats. Interestingly, carvedilol, per se, didn't present any effect on assessed biochemical parameters in normal rats. Together, the current study highlights evidences for the promising anti-arthritic effects of carvedilol that could be mediated through attenuation of leukocyte migration, alleviation of oxidative stress and suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany H Arab
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Ribeiro RF, Potratz FF, Pavan BMM, Forechi L, Lima FLM, Fiorim J, Fernandes AA, Vassallo DV, Stefanon I. Carvedilol prevents ovariectomy-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction in female rat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53226. [PMID: 23308166 PMCID: PMC3538779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol has beneficial effects on cardiac function in patients with heart failure but its effect on ovariectomy-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction remains unclear. Estrogen deficiency induces myocardial contractile dysfunction and increases cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women. Our aim was to investigate whether carvedilol, a beta receptor blocker, would prevent ovariectomy-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction. Female rats (8 weeks old) that underwent bilateral ovariectomy were randomly assigned to receive daily treatment with carvedilol (OVX+CAR, 20 mg/kg), placebo (OVX) and SHAM for 58 days. Left ventricle papillary muscle was mounted for isometric tension recordings. The inotropic response to Ca2+ (0.62 to 3.75 mM) and isoproterenol (Iso 10−8 to 10−2 M) were assessed. Expression of calcium handling proteins was measured by western blot analysis. Carvedilol treatment in the OVX animals: prevented weight gain and slight hypertrophy, restored the reduced positive inotropic responses to Ca2+ and isoproterenol, prevented the reduction in SERCA2a expression, abolished the increase in superoxide anion production, normalized the increase in p22phox expression, and decreased serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity. This study demonstrated that myocardial contractile dysfunction and SERCA2a down regulation were prevented by carvedilol treatment. Superoxide anion production and NADPH oxidase seem to be involved in this response.
Collapse
|
82
|
Palatkina LO, Korneeva ON, Drapkina OM. Oxidative stress, its role in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure, and potential methods of correction. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2012. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2012-6-91-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization estimates, CVD accounts for 57% of all-cause mortality in Russia. Recently, research efforts have been concentrated on the search for new CVD markers which can improve the diagnostics and treatment of this large disease group, associated with poor prognosis. The markers of oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidant enzyme activity have been considered as potential pathogenetic mechanisms in the CVD development. The potential of statins, as medications with a wide range of pleiotropic – in particular, antioxidant – effects, for the effective management of chronic heart failure (CHF) has been extensively investigated. There is an ongoing discussion whether statins could be used for the treatment of nonischemic CHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. O. Palatkina
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - O. N. Korneeva
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Shimada K, Hirano E, Kimura T, Fujita M, Kishimoto C. Carvedilol reduces the severity of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice via reducing superoxide production. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:1039-44. [PMID: 22946091 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis, and carvedilol has the capacity of reducing oxidative stress. Accordingly, we assessed the hypothesis that carvedilol may reduce the severity of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice in addition to its hemodynamic effects. Atherosclerosis was induced in apoE-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet containing 0.3% cholesterol. Mice were orally treated with propranolol (30 mg/kg/day), metoprolol (75 mg/kg/day) and carvedilol (10 mg/kg/day) over eight weeks (each group n = 7-9). Fatty streak plaque developed in apoE-deficient mice, and was suppressed in mice treated with all three drugs. The accumulation of macrophages and expression of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in the lesions were decreased by the treatment of the drugs, of which carvedilol was the most effective. In addition, carvedilol reduced superoxide production in aortic walls detected by ethidium staining. There were no significant changes in blood pressure among the study groups. The heart rates in the treated groups were decreased by 4%-12% compared with the control group, with carvedilol yielding the highest suppression of heart rate. The β-blocker treatment did not significantly modify the serum lipid profiles. Carvedilol may suppress atherosclerosis via reducing superoxide production, in addition to the hemodynamic modifications in this animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Zepeda RJ, Castillo R, Rodrigo R, Prieto JC, Aramburu I, Brugere S, Galdames K, Noriega V, Miranda HF. Effect of carvedilol and nebivolol on oxidative stress-related parameters and endothelial function in patients with essential hypertension. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 111:309-16. [PMID: 22703478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction have been associated with essential hypertension (EH) mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of carvedilol and nebivolol on the oxidative stress-related parameters and endothelial function in patients with EH. The studied population included 57 patients, either sex, between 30 and 75 years of age, with mild-to-moderate EH complications. Participants were randomized to receive either carvedilol (12.5 mg) (n = 23) or nebivolol (5 mg) (n = 21) for 12 weeks. Measurements included; 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure (BP), flow-mediated dilatation, levels of nitric oxide estimated as nitrite - a nitric oxide metabolite ( NO₂) - in plasma, and oxidative stress-related parameters in plasma and erythrocyte. EH patients who were treated with nebivolol or carvedilol showed systolic BP reductions of 17.4 and 19.9 mmHg, respectively, compared with baseline values (p < 0.01). Diastolic BP was reduced by 13.7 and 12.8 mmHg after the treatment with ebivolol and carvedilol, respectively (p < 0.01) (fig. 2B). Nebivolol and carvedilol showed 7.3% and 8.1% higher endothelium-dependent dilatation in relation to baseline values (p < 0.05). Ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSSH) ratio showed 31.5% and 29.6% higher levels in the carvedilol group compared with basal values; however, nebivolol-treated patients did not show significant differences after treatment. On the other hand, the NO₂ plasma concentration was not modified by the administration of carvedilol. However, nebivolol enhanced these levels in 62.1% after the treatment. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the antihypertensive effect of both beta-blockers. However, carvedilol could mediate these effects by an increase in antioxidant capacity and nebivolol through the raise in NO₂ concentration. Further studies are needed to determine the molecular mechanism of these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro J Zepeda
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Abstract
Nebivolol is a highly selective β1-adrenoceptor blocker, which also stimulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). These characteristics endow nebivolol, compared with conventional β-blockers, with a favorable hemodynamic profile for the treatment of hypertension, chronic heart failure, and possibly other cardiovascular diseases. Nebivolol is a racemic mixture of d- and l-isomers. Its β1-antagonistic properties reside primarily with d-nebivolol although both isomers are capable of increasing the release of NO from the endothelium after binding to β2- or β3-adrenergic receptors. The latter action results in vasodilatation and reduced vascular resistance. Nebivolol also scavenges ROS in a receptor-independent manner by direct interaction with free radicals. By scavenging ROS nebivolol not only reduces oxidant stress but also augments NO bioavailability. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase -stimulating and ROS scavenging effects of nebivolol act synergistically to provide cardiovascular protection in addition to its β1-antagonistic action.
Collapse
|
86
|
Abstract
β-blockers are effective antihypertensive agents and, together with diuretics, have been the cornerstone of pioneering studies showing their benefits on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as a consequence of blood pressure reduction in patients with hypertension. However, evidence from recent meta-analyses have demonstrated no benefit afforded by atenolol compared with placebo in risk of mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke, and a higher risk of mortality and stroke with atenolol/propranolol compared with other antihypertensive drug classes. Thus, the effect of these agents on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients, especially their use in uncomplicated hypertension, has remained largely controversial. However, it is recognized that the clinical studies used in these meta-analyses were mainly based on the older second-generation β-blockers, such as atenolol and metoprolol. Actually, considerable heterogeneity in, eg, pharmacokinetic, pharmacological, and physicochemical properties exists across the different classes of β-blockers, particularly between the second-generation and newer third-generation agents. Carvedilol is a vasodilating noncardioselective third-generation β-blocker, without the negative hemodynamic and metabolic effects of traditional β-blockers, which can be used as a cardioprotective agent. Compared with conventional β-blockers, carvedilol maintains cardiac output, has a reduced prolonged effect on heart rate, and reduces blood pressure by decreasing vascular resistance. Studies have also shown that carvedilol exhibits favorable effects on metabolic parameters, eg, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism, suggesting that it could be considered in the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome or diabetes. The present report provides an overview of the main clinical studies concerning carvedilol administered as either monotherapy or in combination with another antihypertensive or more frequently a diuretic agent, with particular focus on the additional benefits beyond blood pressure reduction.
Collapse
|
87
|
Mishra P, Samanta L. Oxidative stress and heart failure in altered thyroid States. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:741861. [PMID: 22649319 PMCID: PMC3354657 DOI: 10.1100/2012/741861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased or reduced action of thyroid hormone on certain molecular pathways in the heart and vasculature causes relevant cardiovascular derangements. It is well established that hyperthyroidism induces a hyperdynamic cardiovascular state, which is associated with a faster heart rate, enhanced left ventricular systolic and diastolic function whereas hypothyroidism is characterized by the opposite changes. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism represent opposite clinical conditions, albeit not mirror images. Recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested the involvement of ROS tissue damage under altered thyroid status. Altered-thyroid state-linked changes in heart modify their susceptibility to oxidants and the extent of the oxidative damage they suffer following oxidative challenge. Chronic increase in the cellular levels of ROS can lead to a catastrophic cycle of DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, further ROS generation and cellular injury. Thus, these cellular events might play an important role in the development and progression of myocardial remodeling and heart failure in altered thyroid states (hypo- and hyper-thyroidism). The present review aims at elucidating the various signaling pathways mediated via ROS and their modulation under altered thyroid state and the possibility of antioxidant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Odisha, Bhubaneswar 751004, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Hamdy N, El-Demerdash E. New therapeutic aspect for carvedilol: antifibrotic effects of carvedilol in chronic carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 261:292-9. [PMID: 22543095 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Portal hypertension is a common complication of chronic liver diseases associated with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. At present, beta-blockers such as carvedilol remain the medical treatment of choice for protection against variceal bleeding and other complications. Since carvedilol has powerful antioxidant properties we assessed the potential antifibrotic effects of carvedilol and the underlying mechanisms that may add further benefits for its clinical usefulness using a chronic model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. Two weeks after CCl4 induction of chronic hepatotoxicity, rats were co-treated with carvedilol (10mg/kg, orally) daily for 6weeks. It was found that treatment of animals with carvedilol significantly counteracted the changes in liver function and histopathological lesions induced by CCl4. Also, carvedilol significantly counteracted lipid peroxidation, GSH depletion, and reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities; glutathione-S-transferase and catalase that was induced by CCl4. In addition, carvedilol ameliorated the inflammation induced by CCl4 as indicated by reducing the serum level of acute phase protein marker; alpha-2-macroglobulin and the liver expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Finally, carvedilol significantly reduced liver fibrosis markers including hydroxyproline, collagen accumulation, and the expression of the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation marker; alpha smooth muscle actin. In conclusion, the present study provides evidences for the promising antifibrotic effects of carvedilol that can be explained by amelioration of oxidative stress through mainly, replenishment of GSH, restoration of antioxidant enzyme activities and reduction of lipid peroxides as well as amelioration of inflammation and fibrosis by decreasing collagen accumulation, acute phase protein level, NF-κB expression and finally HSC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hamdy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Effect of felodipine with irbesartan or metoprolol on sexual function and oxidative stress in women with essential hypertension. J Hypertens 2012; 30:210-6. [PMID: 22134388 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834e1e2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of felodipine with irbesartan on sexual function compared with felodipine with metoprolol in hypertensive women. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, parallel, active-controlled, open-label study (ClinicalTrials.org: NCT01238705) in 160 women (18-60 years) with mild or moderate hypertension, randomized to a once-daily treatment with felodipine combined with irbesartan or metoprolol for 48 weeks. Patients' sexual function was evaluated using a female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire at baseline and after 24 and 48 weeks of therapy. Levels of serum estradiol, testosterone, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. RESULTS The two combination regimens were similarly effective in lowering blood pressure. After 48 weeks, in felodipine-irbesartan group, total scores of FSFI improved (P < 0.001). Items showing improvement in scores corresponded to desire, arousal and orgasm (P < 0.001; P = 0.002; P = 0.049, respectively). Levels of estradiol increased under treatment with felodipine-irbesartan (P = 0.003) and decreased under felodipine-metoprolol treatment (P < 0.001). The concentration of testosterone declined after felodipine-irbesartan therapy (P < 0.001) and increased under felodipine-metoprolol treatment (P < 0.001). In the felodipine-irbesartan group, decreases of 8-OHdG, 4-HNE (P < 0.001) and MDA (P < 0.001) were observed. The felodipine-irbesartan combination resulted in less oxidative stress. The differences in changes in 8-OHdG, 4-HNE and MDA between the two groups were significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggested that the felodipine-irbesartan combination regimen improved sexual function in hypertensive women, whereas felodipine-metoprolol regiment did not. The reason for the different influence of these two combination therapy on female sexual function might be their different impacts on oxidative stress and hormone levels.
Collapse
|
90
|
Normobaric hypoxia conditioning reduces blood pressure and normalizes nitric oxide synthesis in patients with arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2012; 29:2265-72. [PMID: 21897291 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834b5846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insufficient production and/or increased decomposition of the potent endogenous vasodilator nitric oxide plays an important role in development and progression of arterial hypertension and its complications. One of the most effective means of stimulating endogenous nitric oxide synthesis is controlled adaptation to hypoxia. This study examined the effect of a 20-day, intermittent, normobaric intermittent hypoxia conditioning (IHC) program on blood pressure (BP) and nitric oxide production in patients with stage 1 arterial hypertension. METHODS The IHC sessions consisted of four to 10 cycles of alternating 3-min hypoxia (10% FIO2) and 3-min room air breathing. BP was monitored for 24 h before and after IHC, and nitric oxide synthesis was evaluated by 24-h urinary excretion of the stable nitric oxide metabolites nitrate and nitrite. RESULTS IHC increased nitric oxide synthesis and decreased BP in hypertensive patients to values similar to those of normotensive individuals. Significant inverse correlations were found between nitric oxide production and disease duration, SBP, and DBP. Moreover, IHC enhancement of nitric oxide synthesis was especially robust in patients with arterial hypertension of more than 5 years duration. The reduction in BP persisted for at least 3 months in 28 of 33 hypertensive patients. CONCLUSION IHC exerted a robust, persistent therapeutic effect and can be considered as an alternative, nonpharmacological treatment for patients with stage 1 arterial hypertension. The antihypertensive action of IHC is associated with normalization of nitric oxide production.
Collapse
|
91
|
Shah NK, Smith SM, Nichols WW, Lo MC, Ashfaq U, Satish P, Johnson JA, Epstein BJ. Carvedilol reduces aortic wave reflection and improves left ventricular/vascular coupling: a comparison with atenolol (CENTRAL Study). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2011; 13:917-24. [PMID: 22142351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) characteristics, such as central aortic pressure and arterial stiffness, independently predict cardiovascular events. The effects of pharmacologically dissimilar β-blockers on these properties have not been fully elucidated. Patients with essential hypertension and without significant concomitant cardiovascular disease were randomly assigned to controlled-release carvedilol, force-titrated to 80 mg (n=22), or atenolol, force-titrated to 100 mg (n=19); each was given once daily for 4 weeks. Baseline characteristics were similar. At the end of week 4, atenolol and carvedilol reduced central and brachial systolic and diastolic BP to a similar extent. Central augmentation index was increased in atenolol-treated patients but not carvedilol-treated patients (atenolol 4.47% vs carvedilol -0.68%; P=.04). Mean augmented central aortic pressure increased slightly during atenolol treatment (+1.1 mm Hg) but decreased slightly during carvedilol treatment (-1.1 mm Hg), although the difference in these changes was not statistically significant (P=.23). Pulse pressure amplification was reduced more with atenolol at week 4 (atenolol -10.7% vs carvedilol -1.8%; P=.02). Therefore, we conclude that carvedilol results in more favorable pulse pressure amplification and augmentation index by increasing arterial compliance and reducing the magnitude of wave reflection, respectively, compared with atenolol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niren K Shah
- East Coast Institute for Research, Jacksonville, FL 32223, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Goto S, Fujii H, Kono K, Nakai K, Hamada Y, Yamato H, Shinohara M, Kitazawa R, Kitazawa S, Nishi S, Fukagawa M. Carvedilol ameliorates low-turnover bone disease in non-obese type 2 diabetes. Am J Nephrol 2011; 34:281-90. [PMID: 21829007 DOI: 10.1159/000330853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic bone disease is a major complication in diabetes mellitus and is characterized by low-turnover bone formation. Recent studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress could be associated with diabetic bone disease and that β-adrenergic antagonists could increase bone formation. Our study investigated the effect of carvedilol (β-blocker), possessing an antioxidant effect, on diabetic bone disease. METHODS We used the non-obese, type 2 diabetes model Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats in this study. Sprague-Dawley rats were used as controls (control, n = 6). SDT rats were divided into four groups: diabetic (DM, n = 8), DM+insulin (DM+I, n = 7), DM+carvedilol (DM+C, n = 8), and DM+N-acetylcysteine (DM+N, n = 10) at 20 weeks. The rats were sacrificed at 30 weeks, after which blood and urine samples, bone mineral density, histomorphometry, and oxidative stress were evaluated. RESULTS The number of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine-positive cells in bone tissue was significantly lower in the DM+C and DM+N groups than in the DM group. Mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate per bone surface in the DM+C and DM+N groups were significantly higher than those in the DM group, and these parameters were better in the DM+C group than in the DM+N group. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that carvedilol has stronger effects on diabetic low-turnover bone disease beyond that which can be attributed to its antioxidative stress mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Goto
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Hsieh YD, Chi CC, Chou CT, Cheng JS, Kuo CC, Liang WZ, Lin KL, Tseng LL, Jan CR. Investigation of carvedilol-evoked Ca²+ movement and death in human oral cancer cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2011; 31:220-8. [PMID: 21619449 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2011.577785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of carvedilol on cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺](i)) in OC2 human oral cancer cells is unknown. This study examined if carvedilol altered basal [Ca²⁺](i) levels in suspended OC2 cells by using fura-2 as a Ca²⁺-sensitive fluorescent probe. Carvedilol at concentrations between 10 and 40 µM increased [Ca²⁺](i) in a concentration-dependent fashion. The Ca²⁺ signal was decreased by 50% by removing extracellular Ca²⁺. Carvedilol-induced Ca²⁺ entry was not affected by the store-operated Ca²⁺ channel blockers nifedipine, econazole, and SK&F96365, but was enhanced by activation or inhibition of protein kinase C. In Ca²⁺-free medium, incubation with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor thapsigargin did not change carvedilol-induced [Ca²⁺](i) rise; conversely, incubation with carvedilol did not reduce thapsigargin-induced Ca²⁺ release. Pretreatment with the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) inhibited carvedilol-induced [Ca²⁺](i) release. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 did not alter carvedilol-induced [Ca²⁺](i) rise. Carvedilol at 5-50 µM induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. The death was not reversed when cytosolic Ca²⁺ was chelated with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). Annexin V/propidium iodide staining assay suggests that apoptosis played a role in the death. Collectively, in OC2 cells, carvedilol induced [Ca²⁺](i) rise by causing phospholipase C-independent Ca²⁺ release from mitochondria and non-endoplasmic reticulum stores, and Ca²⁺ influx via protein kinase C-regulated channels. Carvedilol (up to 50 μM) induced cell death in a Ca²⁺-independent manner that involved apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Dung Hsieh
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
The Role of Carvedilol in the Treatment of Dilated and Anthracyclines-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011. [PMCID: PMC4055878 DOI: 10.3390/ph4050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although chronic sympathetic activation provides inotropic and chronotropic support to the failing heart, such activation may also have deleterious effects, including the direct cardiotoxic effects of catecholamines, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and an increase in myocardial oxygen demand. These observations indicate that β-blockade might be beneficial in the treatment of heart failure resulting from dilated cardiomyopathy or ischaemic heart disease. Carvedilol is a non-selective β-blocker acting on β1-, β2-, and α1-adrenoceptors. It possesses potent anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, along with neuroprotective, vasculoprotective, cardioprotective effects, and it has reduced overall mortality in patients with heart failure in controlled clinical trials. Its role in treating cardiomyopathy requires focus. The fact that anthracyclines are cardiotoxic seriously narrows their therapeutic index in cancer therapy. The cardiotoxic risk increases with the cumulative dose and may lead to congestive heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy in adults and in children. This review focuses on recent research regarding the beneficial effects of carvedilol in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy and to revisit the available evidence on the cardioprotection of carvedilol when associated with anthracycline and to explain the mechanisms underlying the benefits of their co-administration.
Collapse
|
95
|
Rodrigues MC, Rodrigues J, Martins N, Barbosa F, Curti C, Santos N, Santos A. Carvedilol protects against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, redox state unbalance and apoptosis in rat kidney mitochondria. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 189:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
|
96
|
Deedwania P. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in patients with diabetes mellitus or the cardiometabolic syndrome: benefits of vasodilating β-blockers. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2010; 13:52-9. [PMID: 21214722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2010.00386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension frequently coexists with diabetes and the cardiometabolic syndrome. β-Blockers have been a mainstay for controlling blood pressure for nearly 4 decades. However, β-blockers are perceived to cause glucose and lipid metabolism dysregulation, including hypoglycemia masking, reduced glycemic control, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. It should be noted, however, that β-blockers are diverse in their effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Potential mechanisms that contribute to these metabolic effects include hemodynamic differences, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative pathways, and/or weight changes. Traditional β-blockers decrease cardiac output while peripheral vascular resistance increases or remains unchanged, which may result in glucose and lipid abnormalities. In contrast, vasodilating β-blockers reduce peripheral vascular resistance but have little effect on cardiac output. Vasodilating β-blockers may therefore result in less impact on insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, a reduced new-onset diabetes risk, and improved dyslipidemia compared with traditional β-blockers. Because of these effects, vasodilating β-blockers may represent a favorable option in the treatment of high-risk patients with hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Deedwania
- Division of Cardiology, VACCHCS UCSF School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, Fresno, CA 93703, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Hayashi T, De Velasco MA, Saitou Y, Nose K, Nishioka T, Ishii T, Uemura H. Carvedilol protects tubular epithelial cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting oxidative stress. Int J Urol 2010; 17:989-95. [PMID: 20946473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2010.02644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), leading to acute kidney injury, is a frequent complication with renal transplantation and it is associated with graft function. Its pathogenesis involves ischemia, vascular congestion and reactive oxygen metabolites. Carvedilol is an antihypertensive drug with potent anti-oxidant properties. In this study we investigated the protective effects of carvedilol in a rat renal IRI model. METHODS Twenty-four rats were randomized into sham, untreated control and carvedilol (2 mg/kg 30 min before surgery and 12 hr after reperfusion) treatment groups and were subjected to 60 min of left renal ischemia followed by reperfusion at 24, 48, 96 and 168 hr. RESULTS Treatment with carvedilol significantly decreased plasma creatinine levels after IRI (up to 168 hr) compared to controls (P < 0.001), suggesting an improvement in renal function. Histopathological analysis revealed decreased IRI-induced damage in kidneys from carvedilol-treated rats. A significant increase in the expression levels of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and reduction of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and apoptosis levels (P < 0.005) suggested a protective effect after treatment with carvedilol. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that carvedilol ameliorates IRI resulting in improved renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama Department of Urology, Kinki University Sakai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Tomasoni L, Sitia S, Borghi C, Cicero A, Ceconi C, Cecaro F, Morganti A, De Gennaro Colonna V, Guazzi M, Morricone L, Malavazos A, Marino P, Cavallino C, Shoenfeld Y, Turiel M. Effects of treatment strategy on endothelial function. Autoimmun Rev 2010; 9:840-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
99
|
Monoamine oxidases (MAO) in the pathogenesis of heart failure and ischemia/reperfusion injury. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:1323-32. [PMID: 20869994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence highlights monoamine oxidases (MAO) as another prominent source of oxidative stress. MAO are a class of enzymes located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, deputed to the oxidative breakdown of key neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine, and in the process generate H(2)O(2). All these monoamines are endowed with potent modulatory effects on myocardial function. Thus, when the heart is subjected to chronic neuro-hormonal and/or peripheral hemodynamic stress, the abundance of circulating/tissue monoamines can make MAO-derived H(2)O(2) production particularly prominent. This is the case of acute cardiac damage due to ischemia/reperfusion injury or, on a more chronic stand, of the transition from compensated hypertrophy to overt ventricular dilation/pump failure. Here, we will first briefly discuss mitochondrial status and contribution to acute and chronic cardiac disorders. We will illustrate possible mechanisms by which MAO activity affects cardiac biology and function, along with a discussion as to their role as a prominent source of reactive oxygen species. Finally, we will speculate on why MAO inhibition might have a therapeutic value for treating cardiac affections of ischemic and non-ischemic origin. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondria and Cardioprotection.
Collapse
|
100
|
Wang J, Ono K, Dickstein DL, Arrieta-Cruz I, Zhao W, Qian X, Lamparello A, Subnani R, Ferruzzi M, Pavlides C, Ho L, Hof PR, Teplow DB, Pasinetti GM. Carvedilol as a potential novel agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 32:2321.e1-12. [PMID: 20579773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oligomeric β-amyloid (Aβ) has recently been linked to synaptic plasticity deficits, which play a major role in progressive cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we present evidence that chronic oral administration of carvedilol, a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor blocker, significantly attenuates brain oligomeric β-amyloid content and cognitive deterioration in 2 independent AD mouse models. We found that carvedilol treatment significantly improved neuronal transmission, and that this improvement was associated with the maintenance of number of the less stable "learning" thin spines in the brains of AD mice. Our novel observation that carvedilol interferes with the neuropathologic, biochemical, and electrophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive deterioration in AD supports the potential development of carvedilol as a treatment for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|