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Xia JL, Wang LQ, Wu LL, Huang QB. Doxycycline hyclate protects lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction by inhibiting the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 37:1882-90. [PMID: 25451837 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Doxycycline hyclate (DOX-h) attenuates inflammatory conditions independent of its antimicrobial effect. This study aimed to observe the effects of DOX-h on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. The endothelial monolayer permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was monitored by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the arrangement of F-actin were detected. The results showed that both pretreatment and simultaneous treatment with DOX-h markedly attenuated the LPS-induced reduction in TEER and the disorganization of F-actin on HUVECs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. LPS mediated the phosphorylation of all three MAPKs (p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)), but DOX-h was only able to inhibit the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. The data further suggested that DOX-h alleviated LPS-evoked TEER reduction and F-actin redistribution by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 and its downstream target, heat shock protein (HSP)27. Thus, DOX-h attenuates LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction via inhibition of the p38 MAPK-HSP27-F-actin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-ling Xia
- First Clinical College of Medicine, Southern Medical University
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Flemming S, Burkard N, Renschler M, Vielmuth F, Meir M, Schick MA, Wunder C, Germer CT, Spindler V, Waschke J, Schlegel N. Soluble VE-cadherin is involved in endothelial barrier breakdown in systemic inflammation and sepsis. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:32-44. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Hanson J, Lee SJ, Hossain MA, Anstey NM, Charunwatthana P, Maude RJ, Kingston HWF, Mishra SK, Mohanty S, Plewes K, Piera K, Hassan MU, Ghose A, Faiz MA, White NJ, Day NPJ, Dondorp AM. Microvascular obstruction and endothelial activation are independently associated with the clinical manifestations of severe falciparum malaria in adults: an observational study. BMC Med 2015; 13:122. [PMID: 26018532 PMCID: PMC4453275 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular obstruction and endothelial dysfunction have both been linked to tissue hypoperfusion in falciparum malaria, but their relative contributions to the disease's pathogenesis and outcome are unknown. METHODS Microvascular blood flow was quantified in adults with severe falciparum malaria on their admission to hospital; plasma biomarkers of endothelial function were measured simultaneously. The relationship between these indices and the patients' clinical findings and in-hospital course was examined. RESULTS Microvascular obstruction was observed in 119/142 (84 %) patients; a median (interquartile range (IQR)) of 14.9 % (6.6-34.9 %) of capillaries were obstructed in patients that died versus 8.3 % (1.7-26.6 %) in survivors (P = 0.039). The proportion of obstructed capillaries correlated with the estimated parasite biomass (rs = 0.25, P = 0.004) and with plasma lactate (rs = 0.38, P <0.0001), the strongest predictor of death in the series. Plasma angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) concentrations were markedly elevated suggesting widespread endothelial activation; the median (IQR) Ang-2 concentration was 21.9 ng/mL (13.4-29.4 ng/mL) in patients that died versus 14.9 ng/mL (9.8-29.3 ng/mL) in survivors (P = 0.035). Ang-2 concentrations correlated with estimated parasite biomass (rs = 0.35, P <0.001) and plasma lactate (rs = 0.37, P <0.0001). Microvascular obstruction and Ang-2 concentrations were not significantly correlated with each other (rs = 0.17, P = 0.06), but were independently associated with plasma lactate (P <0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Microvascular obstruction and systemic endothelial activation are independently associated with plasma lactate, the strongest predictor of death in adults with falciparum malaria. This supports the hypothesis that the two processes make an independent contribution to the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Hanson
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.
| | - Sue J Lee
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Md Amir Hossain
- Department of Medicine, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
| | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.
| | - Prakaykaew Charunwatthana
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Richard J Maude
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Hugh W F Kingston
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.
| | - Saroj K Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Ispat Hospital, Rourkela, Orissa, India.
| | - Sanjib Mohanty
- Department of Medicine, Ispat Hospital, Rourkela, Orissa, India.
| | - Katherine Plewes
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Kim Piera
- Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.
| | - Mahtab U Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
| | - Aniruddha Ghose
- Department of Medicine, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
| | - M Abul Faiz
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Centre for Specialized Care and Research, Chittagong, Bangladesh. .,Dev Care Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Nicholas J White
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Nicholas P J Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Arjen M Dondorp
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Bomsztyk K, Mar D, An D, Sharifian R, Mikula M, Gharib SA, Altemeier WA, Liles WC, Denisenko O. Experimental acute lung injury induces multi-organ epigenetic modifications in key angiogenic genes implicated in sepsis-associated endothelial dysfunction. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:225. [PMID: 25959381 PMCID: PMC4449602 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Tie2/angiopoietin (Tie2/Ang) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-ligand systems (VEGFR/VEGF) are recognized to play important roles in the regulation of microvascular endothelial function. Downregulation of these genes during sepsis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis-related microvascular leak and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Mechanisms responsible for dysregulation of angiogenic genes in sepsis are poorly defined. Methods Western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and multiplex chromatin immunoprecipitation platform (Matrix ChIP) were used to investigate serum albumin leak, changes in gene expression, and associated epigenetic alterations in a murine model of acute lung injury-induced sepsis (ALI-sepsis). Results Experimental ALI-sepsis induced microvascular leak and downregulation of expression of Angpt1 (Ang1), Tek (Tie2), and Kdr (Vegfr2 or Flk-1) genes in the lung, kidney, and liver. These changes correlate with a decrease in RNA polymerase II density at these genes, and the greatest response was observed in the lung. ALI-sepsis reduced levels of transcription-permissive histone H3 lysine acetylation (H3KAc) at these loci in all examined tissues. Decreases in permissive H3K4m3 and H3Km2 marks were detected only in the lung. In contrast, only minimal alterations in transcription-repressive histone modifications (H3K27m3, H3K9m2, H3K9m3, and H4K20m3) were observed in all tissues. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that decreases in transcription-permissive, but not increases in transcription-repressive, histone modifications at Angpt1, Tek, and Kdr are a systemic, rather than a lung-restricted, response, involving key end-organs in experimental ALI-sepsis. Given that ventilator-associated pneumonia is a major cause of sepsis in critically ill patients, elucidation of mechanisms mediating epigenetic alterations during sepsis provides fundamental new insights into the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced microvascular leak and subsequent end-organ injury/dysfunction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0943-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Bomsztyk
- UW Medicine South Lake Union, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Daniel Mar
- UW Medicine South Lake Union, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Dowon An
- UW Medicine South Lake Union, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Roya Sharifian
- UW Medicine South Lake Union, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Michal Mikula
- UW Medicine South Lake Union, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Sina A Gharib
- UW Medicine South Lake Union, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - William A Altemeier
- UW Medicine South Lake Union, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - W Conrad Liles
- UW Medicine South Lake Union, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Oleg Denisenko
- UW Medicine South Lake Union, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Li S, Xu J, Yao W, Li H, Liu Q, Xiao F, Irwin MG, Xia Z, Ruan W. Sevoflurane pretreatment attenuates TNF-α-induced human endothelial cell dysfunction through activating eNOS/NO pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:879-86. [PMID: 25838201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress and inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The anesthetic sevoflurane confers cytoprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory properties in various pathologies such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome and ischemic-reperfusion injury but mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that sevoflurane can protect against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced endothelial dysfunction through promoting the production of endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO). Primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with different concentrations (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 minimum alveolar concentration, MAC) of sevoflurane for 30 min before TNF-α (10 ng/mL) stimulation for 4 h. Sevoflurane pretreatment significantly reduced TNF-α-induced VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IκBα, and NF-κB activation, and blocked leukocytes adhesion to HUVECs. Meanwhile, sevoflurane (1.5 and 2.5 MAC) significantly induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and enhanced NO levels both intracellularly and in the cell culture medium. All these cytoprotective effects of sevoflurane were abrogated by NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a non-specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Collectively, these data indicate that sevoflurane protects against TNF-α -induced vascular endothelium dysfunction through activation of eNOS/NO pathway and inhibition of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suobei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Anesthesia Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junmei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Anesthesia Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Anesthesia Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Anesthesia Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Michael G Irwin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Anesthesia Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Sepsis: a persistent threat following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation*. Crit Care Med 2015; 43:501-3. [PMID: 25599485 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition dose dependently stabilizes microvascular barrier functions and microcirculation in a rodent model of polymicrobial sepsis. Shock 2015; 41:537-45. [PMID: 24569506 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakdown of microvascular endothelial barrier functions contributes to disturbed microcirculation, organ failure, and death in sepsis. Increased endothelial cAMP levels by systemic application of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors (PD-4-I) have previously been demonstrated to protect microvascular barrier properties in a model of systemic inflammation (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) suggesting a novel therapeutic option to overcome this problem. However, in a clinically relevant model of polymicrobial sepsis long-term effects, immunomodulatory effects and effectivity of PD-4-I to stabilize microvascular barrier functions and microcirculation remained unexplored. METHODS We induced polymicrobial sepsis using the colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP) model in which we performed macrohemodynamic and microhemodynamic monitoring with and without systemic intravenous application of different doses of PD-4-I rolipram in Sprague-Dawley rats over 26 h. RESULTS All animals with CASP showed clinical and laboratory signs of sepsis and peritonitis. Whereas macrohemodynamic adverse effects were not evident, application of PD-4-I led to stabilization of endothelial barrier properties as revealed by reduced extravasation of fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin. However, only low-dose application of 1 mg/kg body weight per hour of PD-4-I improved microcirculatory flow in the CASP model, whereas high-dose therapy of 3 mg/kg BW per hour PDI-4-I had adverse effects. Accordingly, sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and lung edema were prevented by PD-4-I treatment. Furthermore, PD-4-I showed immunomodulatory effects as revealed by decreased interleukin 1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α levels following PD-4-I treatment, which appeared not to correlate with barrier-stabilizing effects of rolipram. CONCLUSIONS These data provide further evidence that systemic application of PD-4-I could be suitable for therapeutic microvascular barrier stabilization and improvement of microcirculatory flow in sepsis.
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Zhang RL, Zhang JP, Wang QQ. Recombinant Treponema pallidum protein Tp0965 activates endothelial cells and increases the permeability of endothelial cell monolayer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115134. [PMID: 25514584 PMCID: PMC4267829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recombinant Treponema pallidum protein Tp0965 (rTp0965), one of the many proteins derived from the genome of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum, shows strong immunogenicity and immunoreactivity. In this study, we investigated the effects of rTp0965 on the endothelial barrier. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with rTp0965 resulted in increased levels of ICAM-1, E-selectin, and MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression. These increases contributed to the adhesion and chemataxis of monocytes (THP-1 cells) to HUVECs preincubated with rTp0965. In addition, rTp0965 induced reorganization of F-actin and decreased expression of claudin-1 in HUVECs. Interestingly, inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK signal pathway protected against rTp0965-induced higher endothelial permeability as well as transendothelial migration of monocytes. These data indicate that Tp0965 protein may play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of syphilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Wuxi Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, & National Center for STD Control, China Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian-Qiu Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, & National Center for STD Control, China Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Gao W, Thamphiwatana S, Angsantikul P, Zhang L. Nanoparticle approaches against bacterial infections. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 6:532-47. [PMID: 25044325 PMCID: PMC4197093 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wide success of antibiotics, the treatment of bacterial infections still faces significant challenges, particularly the emergence of antibiotic resistance. As a result, nanoparticle drug delivery platforms including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and various inorganic nanoparticles have been increasingly exploited to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of existing antibiotics. This review focuses on areas where nanoparticle approaches hold significant potential to advance the treatment of bacterial infections. These areas include targeted antibiotic delivery, environmentally responsive antibiotic delivery, combinatorial antibiotic delivery, nanoparticle-enabled antibacterial vaccination, and nanoparticle-based bacterial detection. In each area we highlight the innovative antimicrobial nanoparticle platforms and review their progress made against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Soracha Thamphiwatana
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pavimol Angsantikul
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Wang Z, Sims CR, Patil NK, Gokden N, Mayeux PR. Pharmacologic targeting of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 improves the renal microcirculation during sepsis in the mouse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 352:61-6. [PMID: 25355645 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.219394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular failure is hallmark of sepsis in humans and is recognized as a strong predictor of mortality. In the mouse subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce a clinically relevant sepsis, renal microvascular permeability increases and peritubular capillary perfusion declines rapidly in the kidney leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a key regulator of microvascular endothelial function. To investigate the role of S1P in the development of microvascular permeability and peritubular capillary hypoperfusion in the kidney during CLP-induced AKI, we used a pharmacologic approach and a clinically relevant delayed dosing paradigm. Evans blue dye was used to measure renal microvascular permeability and intravital video microscopy was used to quantitate renal cortical capillary perfusion. The S1P receptor 1 (S1P1) agonist SEW2871 [5-[4-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-thienyl]-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazole] and S1P2 antagonist JTE-013 [N-(2,6-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)-2-[1,3-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]-hydrazinecarboxamide] were administered at the time of CLP and produced a dose-dependent but partial reduction in renal microvascular permeability at 6 hours after CLP. However, neither agent improved capillary perfusion at 6 hours. With delayed administration at 6 hours after CLP, only SEW2871 reversed microvascular permeability when measured at 18 hours. Importantly, SEW2871 also restored capillary perfusion and improved renal function. These data suggest that S1P1 and S1P2 do not regulate the early decline in renal capillary perfusion. However, later in the course of sepsis, pharmacologic stimulation of S1P1, even when delaying therapy until after injury has occurred, improves capillary and renal function, suggesting this approach should be evaluated as an adjunct therapy during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.W., C.R.S., N.K.P., P.R.M.) and Department of Pathology (N.G.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Clark R Sims
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.W., C.R.S., N.K.P., P.R.M.) and Department of Pathology (N.G.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Naeem K Patil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.W., C.R.S., N.K.P., P.R.M.) and Department of Pathology (N.G.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Neriman Gokden
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.W., C.R.S., N.K.P., P.R.M.) and Department of Pathology (N.G.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Philip R Mayeux
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (Z.W., C.R.S., N.K.P., P.R.M.) and Department of Pathology (N.G.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Zhang Y, Su N, Luo F, Wen X, Tang Y, Yang J, Chen S, Jiang W, Du X, Chen L. Deletion of Fgfr1 in osteoblasts enhances mobilization of EPCs into peripheral blood in a mouse endotoxemia model. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:1064-71. [PMID: 25285038 PMCID: PMC4183926 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to neovascularization and vascular repair, and may exert a beneficial effect on the clinical outcome of sepsis. Osteoblasts act as a component of "niche" in bone marrow, which provides a nest for stem/progenitor cells and are involved in the formation and maintenance of stem/progenitor cells. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) can regulate osteoblast activity and influence bone mass. So we explored the role of FGFR1 in EPC mobilization. Male mice with osteoblast-specific knockout of Fgfr1 (Fgfr1(fl/fl);OC-Cre) and its wild-type littermates (Fgfr1(fl/fl) ) were used in this study. Mice intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to measure the number of circulating EPCs in peripheral blood and serum stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α). The circulating EPC number and the serum level of SDF-1α were significantly higher in Fgfr1(fl/fl);OC-Cre mice than those in Fgfr1(fl/fl) mice after LPS injection. In cell culture system, SDF-1α level was also significantly higher in Fgfr1(fl/fl);OC-Cre osteoblasts compared with that in Fgfr1(fl/fl) osteoblasts after LPS treatment. TRAP staining showed that there was no significant difference between the osteoclast activity of septic Fgfr1(fl/fl) and Fgfr1(fl/fl);OC-Cre mice. This study suggests that targeted deletion of Fgfr1 in osteoblasts enhances mobilization of EPCs into peripheral blood through up-regulating SDF-1α secretion from osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozong Zhang
- 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; ; 2. The Department of Intensive Care, Chongqing Zhongshan Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Nan Su
- 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xuan Wen
- 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yubin Tang
- 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jing Yang
- 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wanling Jiang
- 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Lin Chen
- 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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Xin H, Deng K, Fu M. Post-transcriptional gene regulation by RNA-binding proteins in vascular endothelial dysfunction. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:836-44. [PMID: 25104457 PMCID: PMC7089175 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction is a term which implies the dysregulation of normal endothelial cell functions, including impairment of the barrier functions, control of vascular tone, disturbance of proliferative and migratory capacity of endothelial cells, as well as control of leukocyte trafficking. Endothelial dysfunction is an early step in vascular inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetic vascular complications, sepsis-induced or severe virus infection-induced organ injuries. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines and vascular adhesion molecules induced by various stimuli, such as modified lipids, smoking, advanced glycation end products and bacteria toxin, significantly contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction. The transcriptional regulation of inflammatory cytokines and vascular adhesion molecules has been well-studied. However, the regulation of those gene expressions at post-transcriptional level is emerging. RNA-binding proteins have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression acting predominantly at the post-transcriptional level in microRNA-dependent or independent manners. This review summarizes the latest insights into the roles of RNA-binding proteins in controlling vascular endothelial cell functions and their contribution to the pathogenesis of vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongBo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 China
| | - KeYu Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 China
| | - MinGui Fu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 China
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Soult MC, Dobrydneva Y, Wahab KH, Britt LD, Sullivan CJ. Outer membrane vesicles alter inflammation and coagulation mediators. J Surg Res 2014; 192:134-42. [PMID: 24909870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were previously shown to be capable of initiating the inflammatory response seen in the transition of an infection to sepsis. However, another tenet of sepsis is the development of a hypercoagulable state and the role of OMVs in the development of this hypercoagulability has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of OMVs to elicit endothelial mediators of coagulation and inflammation and induce platelet activation. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with OMVs and were analyzed for the expression of tissue factor (TF), thrombomodulin, and the adhesion molecules P-selectin and E-selectin. Supernatants of OMV-treated HUVECs were mixed with whole blood and assessed for prothrombotic monocyte-platelet aggregates (MPA). RESULTS OMVs induce significantly increased expression of TF, E-selectin, and P-selectin, whereas, the expression of thrombomodulin by HUVECs is significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The lipopolysaccharide inhibitor clearly inhibited the expression of E-selectin following incubation with OMVs, although its impact on TF and thrombomodulin expression was nominal. Incubation of whole blood with supernatant from HUVECs exposed to OVMs resulted in increased MPAs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that, at the cellular level, OMVs from pathogenic bacteria play a complex role in endothelial activation. Although OMV-bound lipopolysaccharide modulates inflammatory proteins, including E-selectin, it has a negligible effect on the tested coagulation mediators. Additionally, endothelial activation by OMVs facilitates platelet activation as indicated by increased MPAs. By influencing the inflammatory and coagulation cascades, OMVs may contribute to the hypercoagulable response seen in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Soult
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Yuliya Dobrydneva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Kamal H Wahab
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - L D Britt
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
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Wilhelmsen K, Khakpour S, Tran A, Sheehan K, Schumacher M, Xu F, Hellman J. The endocannabinoid/endovanilloid N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 abate the inflammatory activation of human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:13079-100. [PMID: 24644287 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.536953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cannabinoids, such as Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, have been studied extensively for their psychoactive effects, it has become apparent that certain cannabinoids possess immunomodulatory activity. Endothelial cells (ECs) are centrally involved in the pathogenesis of organ injury in acute inflammatory disorders, such as sepsis, because they express cytokines and chemokines, which facilitate the trafficking of leukocytes to organs, and they modulate vascular barrier function. In this study, we find that primary human ECs from multiple organs express the cannabinoid receptors CB1R, GPR18, and GPR55, as well as the ion channel transient receptor potential cation channel vanilloid type 1. In contrast to leukocytes, CB2R is only minimally expressed in some EC populations. Furthermore, we show that ECs express all of the known endocannabinoid (eCB) metabolic enzymes. Examining a panel of cannabinoids, we demonstrate that the synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 and the eCB N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA), but neither anandamide nor 2-arachidonoylglycerol, reduce EC inflammatory responses induced by bacterial lipopeptide, LPS, and TNFα. We find that endothelial CB1R/CB2R are necessary for the effects of NADA, but not those of WIN55,212-2. Furthermore, transient receptor potential cation channel vanilloid type 1 appears to counter the anti-inflammatory properties of WIN55,212-2 and NADA, but conversely, in the absence of these cannabinoids, its inhibition exacerbates the inflammatory response in ECs activated with LPS. These data indicate that the eCB system can modulate inflammatory activation of the endothelium and may have important implications for a variety of acute inflammatory disorders that are characterized by EC activation.
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Recombinant human annexin A5 inhibits proinflammatory response and improves cardiac function and survival in mice with endotoxemia. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e32-41. [PMID: 24145837 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182a63e01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Annexin A5 is a 35-kDa protein with high affinity binding to negatively charged phospholipids. However, its effects on sepsis are not known. Our aim was to study the effects of annexin A5 on myocardial tumor necrosis factor-α expression, cardiac function, and animal survival in endotoxemia. DESIGN Prospective experimental study. SETTING University laboratory. SUBJECTS Adult male C57BL/6 mice. INTERVENTIONS Mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (4 or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce endotoxemia with and without recombinant human annexin A5 treatment (5 or 10 μg/kg, i.v.). Cytokine expression and cardiac function were assessed, and animal survival was monitored. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Treatment with annexin A5 inhibited myocardial mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-κB activation in mice with endotoxemia. Furthermore, annexin A5-treated animals showed significant reductions in myocardial and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β while cardiac function was significantly improved during endotoxemia. Additionally, 5-day animal survival was significantly improved by either an immediate or a 4-hour delayed annexin A5 treatment after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Importantly, annexin A5 dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide binding to a toll-like receptor-4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 fusion protein. CONCLUSIONS Annexin A5 treatment decreases cytokine expression and improves cardiac function and survival during endotoxemia. These effects of annexin A5 are mediated by its ability to inhibit lipopolysaccharide binding to toll-like receptor-4, leading to reductions in mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signaling. Our study suggests that annexin A5 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of sepsis.
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Liles WC, Kain KC. Endothelial activation and dysfunction in the pathogenesis of microvascular obstruction in severe malaria--a viable target for therapeutic adjunctive intervention. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:163-4. [PMID: 24443542 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mierke CT. The role of focal adhesion kinase in the regulation of cellular mechanical properties. Phys Biol 2013; 10:065005. [PMID: 24304934 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/10/6/065005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of mechanical properties is necessary for cell invasion into connective tissue or intra- and extravasation through the endothelium of blood or lymph vessels. Cell invasion is important for the regulation of many healthy processes such as immune response reactions and wound healing. In addition, cell invasion plays a role in disease-related processes such as tumor metastasis and autoimmune responses. Until now the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in regulating mechanical properties of cells and its impact on cell invasion efficiency is still not well known. Thus, this review focuses on mechanical properties regulated by FAK in comparison to the mechano-regulating protein vinculin. Moreover, it points out the connection between cancer cell invasion and metastasis and FAK by showing that FAK regulates cellular mechanical properties required for cellular motility. Furthermore, it sheds light on the indirect interaction of FAK with vinculin by binding to paxillin, which then impairs the binding of paxillin to vinculin. In addition, this review emphasizes whether FAK fulfills regulatory functions similar to vinculin. In particular, it discusses the differences and the similarities between FAK and vinculin in regulating the biomechanical properties of cells. Finally, this paper highlights that both focal adhesion proteins, vinculin and FAK, synergize their functions to regulate the mechanical properties of cells such as stiffness and contractile forces. Subsequently, these mechanical properties determine cellular invasiveness into tissues and provide a source sink for future drug developments to inhibit excessive cell invasion and hence, metastases formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Institute of Experimental Physics I, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Ilinskaya AN, Dobrovolskaia MA. Nanoparticles and the blood coagulation system. Part I: benefits of nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:773-84. [PMID: 23656264 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is proven to provide certain benefits in drug delivery by improving solubility, increasing uptake to target sites and changing pharmacokinetics profiles of traditional drugs. Since properties of many materials change tremendously at the nanoscale levels, nanotechnology is also being explored in various industrial applications. As such, nanoparticles are rapidly entering various areas of industry, biology and medicine. The benefits of using nanotechnology for industrial and biomedical applications are often tempered by concerns about the safety of these new materials. One such area of concern includes their effect on the immune system. While nanoparticle interactions with various constituents of the immune system have been reviewed before, little attention was given to nanoparticle effects on the blood coagulation system. Nanoparticle interface with the blood coagulation system may lead to either benefits to the host or adverse reactions. This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of nanoparticle interactions with plasma coagulation factors, platelets, endothelial cells and leukocytes. Part I is focused on desirable interactions between nanoparticles and the coagulation system, and discusses benefits of using nanotechnology to intervene in coagulation disorders. Undesirable interactions posing safety concerns are covered in part II, which will be published in the June issue of Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Ilinskaya
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, 1050 Boyles Street, Building 469, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Fox ED, Heffernan DS, Cioffi WG, Reichner JS. Neutrophils from critically ill septic patients mediate profound loss of endothelial barrier integrity. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2013; 17:R226. [PMID: 24099563 PMCID: PMC4057230 DOI: 10.1186/cc13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis is characterized by systemic immune activation and neutrophil-mediated endothelial barrier integrity compromise, contributing to end-organ dysfunction. Studies evaluating endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by neutrophils from septic patients are lacking, despite its clinical significance. We hypothesized that septic neutrophils would cause characteristic patterns of endothelial barrier dysfunction, distinct from experimental stimulation of normal neutrophils, and that treatment with the immunomodulatory drug β-glucan would attenuate this effect. Methods Blood was obtained from critically ill septic patients. Patients were either general surgery patients (Primary Sepsis (PS)) or those with sepsis following trauma (Secondary Sepsis (SS)). Those with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were identified. Healthy volunteers served as controls. Neutrophils were purified and aliquots were untreated, or treated with fMLP or β-glucan. Endothelial cells were grown to confluence and activated with tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α . Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) was used to determine monolayer resistance after neutrophils were added. Groups were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Neutrophils from all septic patients, as well as fMLP-normal neutrophils, reduced endothelial barrier integrity to a greater extent than untreated normal neutrophils (normalized resistance of cells from septic patients at 30 mins = 0.90 ± 0.04; at 60 mins = 0.73 ± 0.6 and at 180 mins = 0.56 ± 0.05; p < 0.05 vs normal). Compared to untreated PS neutrophils, fMLP-treated PS neutrophils caused further loss of barrier function at all time points; no additive effect was noted in stimulation of SS neutrophils beyond 30 min. Neutrophils from ARDS patients caused greater loss of barrier integrity than those from non-ARDS patients, despite similarities in age, sex, septic source, and neutrophil count. Neutrophils obtained after resolution of sepsis caused less barrier dysfunction at all time points. β-glucan treatment of septic patients’ neutrophils attenuated barrier compromise, rendering the effect similar to that induced by neutrophils obtained once sepsis had resolved. Conclusions Neutrophils from septic patients exert dramatic compromise of endothelial barrier integrity. This pattern is mimicked by experimental activation of healthy neutrophils. The effect of septic neutrophils on the endothelium depends upon the initial inflammatory event, correlates with organ dysfunction and resolution of sepsis, and is ameliorated by β-glucan.
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Mussap M, Cibecchini F, Noto A, Fanos V. In search of biomarkers for diagnosing and managing neonatal sepsis: the role of angiopoietins. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 26 Suppl 2:24-6. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.830411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Outer membrane vesicles from pathogenic bacteria initiate an inflammatory response in human endothelial cells. J Surg Res 2013; 184:458-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Continuous blood purification ameliorates endothelial hyperpermeability in SAP patients with MODS by regulating tight junction proteins via ROCK. Int J Artif Organs 2013; 36:700-9. [PMID: 23918271 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive activation of inflammatory mediator cascade during severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a major cause of multiple organ dysfunction and is associated with a high mortality. Recently, more and more studies have shown that continuous blood purification (CBP) could improve the prognosis of patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), but the exact mechanism is still unclear. Many researchers have found that the disruption of tight junction barrier was an important factor for endothelial hyperpermeability, which played a key role in the pathogenesis of MODS. Previously, we found CBP could attenuate endothelial hyperpermeability in SAP patients with lung injury through regulating cytoskeleton reorganization mediated by RhoA/ROCK. However, the effect of CBP on the change of tight junction proteins in SAP patients with MODS was still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of tight junctions in endothelial hyperpermeability in SAP patients with MODS using an in vitro model, and the effect of CBP on tight junction barrier.
METHODS Before CBP and after CBP, blood samples were collected to observe hepatic and renal function, and arterial blood gas, while the APACHE II score was calculated to evaluate the severity of patients. To test whether RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was involved, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to serum samples taken from patients at specific time points during CBP, or preincubated with ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, followed by treatment with serum. Then, the changes in endothelial cell permeability and the expression and distribution of tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 were observed.
RESULTS Compared with before CBP, the APACHE II score, serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase decreased significantly, while PaO2/FiO2 increased significantly after CBP. Meanwhile, endothelial permeability induced by serum from patients significantly increased, while the expression of tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 significantly decreased, and severe disruption of occludin and claudin-1 was found in these cells. However, pretreated with Rho-kinase inhibitor, Y-27632 could lessen all of these abnormalities, and in a dose-dependent way. Endothelial hyperpermeability, the abnormal expression and distribution of occludin and claudin-1 were attenuated in HUVECs treated with serum from patients after CBP treatment.
CONCLUSIONS The abnormality of tight junctions mediated by ROCK was an important mechanism for endothelial hyperpermeability induced by serum from SAP patients with MODS. CBP could ameliorate the disorganization and redistribution of tight junction proteins, hence improve the endothelial permeability.
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Larsen AM, Leinøe EB, Johansson PI, Birgens H, Ostrowski SR. High syndecan-1 levels in acute myeloid leukemia are associated with bleeding, thrombocytopathy, endothelial cell damage, and leukocytosis. Leuk Res 2013; 37:777-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Luton A. Transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis: translating knowledge into nursing practice. Neonatal Netw 2013; 32:167-174. [PMID: 23666186 DOI: 10.1891/0730-0832.32.3.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of prolonged hospitalizations for premature infants in the United States. In a recent large retrospective study, a significant proportion of NEC cases were shown to occur within 48 hours of packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion, especially in growing preterm neonates of older postnatal age. A small body of evidence consistently demonstrates that 25-35 percent of NEC cases are temporally associated with PRBC transfusion and that cases of NEC associated with transfusion are generally more severe with a higher rate of surgical intervention and mortality. Awareness of this association is vital for potential prevention and early recognition of NEC. The neonatal nurse has a primary role in care strategies that may affect NEC. This review of literature was compiled to educate neonatal nurses about the existence of transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis and guide the translation of knowledge into nursing practice at the bedside.
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Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of a variety of potentially serious infectious diseases and syndromes, including sepsis and septic shock, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, severe malaria, and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Because endothelial activation often precedes overt endothelial dysfunction, biomarkers of the activated endothelium in serum and/or plasma may be detectable before classically recognized markers of disease, and therefore, may be clinically useful as biomarkers of disease severity or prognosis in systemic infectious diseases. In this review, the current status of mediators of endothelial cell function (angiopoietins-1 and -2), components of the coagulation pathway (von Willebrand Factor, ADAMTS13, and thrombomodulin), soluble cell-surface adhesion molecules (soluble E-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1), and regulators of vascular tone and permeability (VEGF and sFlt-1) as biomarkers in severe infectious diseases is discussed in the context of sepsis, E. coli O157:H7 infection, malaria, and dengue virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V Page
- Mount Sinai Hospital-University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Diamond JM, Porteous MK, Cantu E, Meyer NJ, Shah RJ, Lederer DJ, Kawut SM, Lee J, Bellamy SL, Palmer SM, Lama VN, Bhorade SM, Crespo M, Demissie E, Wille K, Orens J, Shah PD, Weinacker A, Weill D, Arcasoy S, Wilkes DS, Ware LB, Christie JD. Elevated plasma angiopoietin-2 levels and primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51932. [PMID: 23284823 PMCID: PMC3526525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a significant contributor to early morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Increased vascular permeability in the allograft has been identified as a possible mechanism leading to PGD. Angiopoietin-2 serves as a partial antagonist to the Tie-2 receptor and induces increased endothelial permeability. We hypothesized that elevated Ang2 levels would be associated with development of PGD. METHODS We performed a case-control study, nested within the multi-center Lung Transplant Outcomes Group cohort. Plasma angiopoietin-2 levels were measured pre-transplant and 6 and 24 hours post-reperfusion. The primary outcome was development of grade 3 PGD in the first 72 hours. The association of angiopoietin-2 plasma levels and PGD was evaluated using generalized estimating equations (GEE). RESULTS There were 40 PGD subjects and 79 non-PGD subjects included for analysis. Twenty-four PGD subjects (40%) and 47 non-PGD subjects (59%) received a transplant for the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Among all subjects, GEE modeling identified a significant change in angiopoietin-2 level over time in cases compared to controls (p = 0.03). The association between change in angiopoietin-2 level over the perioperative time period was most significant in patients with a pre-operative diagnosis of IPF (p = 0.02); there was no statistically significant correlation between angiopoietin-2 plasma levels and the development of PGD in the subset of patients transplanted for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (p = 0.9). CONCLUSIONS Angiopoietin-2 levels were significantly associated with the development of PGD after lung transplantation. Further studies examining the regulation of endothelial cell permeability in the pathogenesis of PGD are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Diamond
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Simoneau B, Houle F, Huot J. Regulation of endothelial permeability and transendothelial migration of cancer cells by tropomyosin-1 phosphorylation. Vasc Cell 2012; 4:18. [PMID: 23157718 PMCID: PMC3552968 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-4-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Loss of endothelial cell integrity and selective permeability barrier is an early event in the sequence of oxidant-mediated injury and may result in atherosclerosis, hypertension and facilitation of transendothelial migration of cancer cells during metastasis. We already reported that endothelial cell integrity is tightly regulated by the balanced co-activation of p38 and ERK pathways. In particular, we showed that phosphorylation of tropomyosin-1 (tropomyosin alpha-1 chain = Tm1) at Ser283 by DAP kinase, downstream of the ERK pathway might be a key event required to maintain the integrity and normal functions of the endothelium in response to oxidative stress. METHODS Endothelial permeability was assayed by monitoring the passage of Dextran-FITC through a tight monolayer of HUVECs grown to confluence in Boyden chambers. Actin and Tm1 dynamics and distribution were evaluated by immunofluorescence. We modulated the expression of Tm1 by siRNA and lentiviral-mediated expression of wild type and mutated forms of Tm1 insensitive to the siRNA. Transendothelial migration of HT-29 colon cancer cells was monitored in Boyden chambers similarly as for permeability. RESULTS We provide evidence indicating that Tm1 phosphorylation at Ser283 is essential to regulate endothelial permeability under oxidative stress by modulating actin dynamics. Moreover, the transendothelial migration of colon cancer cells is also regulated by the phosphorylation of Tm1 at Ser283. CONCLUSION Our finding strongly support the role for the phosphorylation of endothelial Tm1 at Ser283 to prevent endothelial barrier dysfunction associated with oxidative stress injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Simoneau
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, l'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec et Le Centre de recherche en cancérologie de l'Université Laval, 9 rue McMahon, Québec, G1R 2J6, Canada.
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Corr M, Lerman I, Keubel JM, Ronacher L, Misra R, Lund F, Sarelius IH, Glading AJ. Decreased Krev interaction-trapped 1 expression leads to increased vascular permeability and modifies inflammatory responses in vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2702-10. [PMID: 22922958 PMCID: PMC3475761 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The regulation of vascular permeability, leukocyte trafficking, and the integrity of endothelial cell-cell contacts are closely linked by a complex mechanism of interregulation. Here, we investigate the role of Krev interaction-trapped 1 (KRIT1), an adherens junction accessory protein required for cell-cell junction stability, in regulating these vascular functions. METHODS AND RESULTS Krit1(+/-) mice exhibited an enhanced edematous response to the complex inflammatory stimuli found in the passive K/BxN model of inflammatory arthritis and the murine air pouch model, yet leukocyte infiltration was unchanged. Correspondingly, reduced KRIT1 expression increased baseline arteriole and venule permeability 2-fold over that of wild-type littermates, as measured by intravital microscopy of the intact cremaster muscle vascular network, but this increase was not accompanied by increased leukocyte extravasation or activation. Direct stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-α induced increased permeability in wild-type mice, but surprisingly no increase over baseline levels was observed in Krit1(+/-) mice, despite extensive leukocyte activation. Finally, adoptive transfer of Krit1(+/-) bone marrow failed to increase permeability in wild-type mice. However, reduced expression of KRIT1 in the hematopoietic lineage dampened the differences observed in baseline permeability. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data indicate an integral role for KRIT1 in microvessel homeostasis and the vascular response to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Irina Lerman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Julia M. Keubel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Lisa Ronacher
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ravi Misra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Frances Lund
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Ingrid H. Sarelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Angela J. Glading
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
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Alfieri A, Watson JJ, Kammerer RA, Tasab M, Progias P, Reeves K, Brown NJ, Brookes ZL. Angiopoietin-1 variant reduces LPS-induced microvascular dysfunction in a murine model of sepsis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:R182. [PMID: 23036162 PMCID: PMC3682284 DOI: 10.1186/cc11666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Severe sepsis is characterised by intravascular or extravascular infection with microbial agents, systemic inflammation and microcirculatory dysfunction, leading to tissue damage, organ failure and death. The growth factor angiopoietin (Ang-1) has therapeutic potential but recombinant Ang-1 tends to aggregate and has a short half-life in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of the more stable Ang-1 variant matrilin-1-angiopoietin-1 (MAT.Ang-1) on the function of the microcirculation in an experimental model of sepsis, and whether any protection by MAT-Ang-1 was associated with modulation of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic factors or the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-Akt and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin pathways. Methods Aluminium window chambers were implanted into the dorsal skinfold of male C3H/HeN mice (7 to 10 weeks old) to expose the striated muscle microcirculation. Endotoxemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg at 0 and 19 hours). MAT.Ang-1 was administered intravenously 20 hours after the onset of sepsis. Microcirculatory function was evaluated by intravital microscopy and Doppler fluximetry. Results Endotoxemia resulted in macromolecular leak, which was ameliorated by MAT.Ang-1 post-treatment. LPS induced a dramatic reduction in tissue perfusion, which was improved by MAT.Ang-1. Proteome profiler array analysis of skeletal muscle also demonstrated increased inflammatory and reduced angiogenic factors during endotoxemia. MAT.Ang-1 post-treatment reduced the level of IL-1β but did not significantly induce the expression of angiogenic factors. MAT.Ang-1 alone did not induce leak or increase angiogenic factors but did reduce vascular endothelial growth factor expression in controls. Conclusion Administration of MAT.Ang-1 after the onset of sepsis protects the microcirculation from endotoxemia-induced vascular dysfunction through reducing inflammation but without pro-angiogenic actions, thus representing a novel, potential pharmacotherapeutic agent for the treatment of sepsis.
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Guillamet MCV, Rhee C, Patterson AJ. Cardiovascular management of septic shock in 2012. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2012; 14:493-502. [PMID: 22941043 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-012-0279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Septic shock is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Source control, antimicrobial therapy, early goal-directed fluid resuscitation, and infusion of vasoactive pharmaceuticals remain the cornerstones of treatment. However, the cardiovascular management of septic shock is evolving. Basic science and clinical researchers have identified novel drug targets and are testing the efficacy of new therapeutic agents. For example, prevention of microvascular leak during septic shock is the focus of active investigations and may soon provide considerable benefit to patients. Among the important topics that will be discussed in this review are the following: the role of vascular endothelial dysfunction in microvascular leak, the impact of cytokines upon structural and functional proteins within the endothelial barrier and within the heart, and the ability of selective vasopressin 1a receptor agonists to minimize tissue edema and improve hemodynamic status.
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He X, Su F, Velissaris D, Salgado DR, de Souza Barros D, Lorent S, Taccone FS, Vincent JL, De Backer D. Administration of tetrahydrobiopterin improves the microcirculation and outcome in an ovine model of septic shock. Crit Care Med 2012; 40:2833-40. [PMID: 22846780 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31825b88ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Supplementation with tetrahydrobiopterin, a nitric oxide synthase cofactor, may reduce microvascular endothelial dysfunction in severe sepsis. We studied whether tetrahydrobiopterin administration exerts beneficial effects in an ovine septic shock model. DESIGN Randomized animal study. SETTING University hospital animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS Fourteen adult female sheep. INTERVENTIONS Fecal peritonitis was induced, and the sheep were randomized to receive tetrahydrobiopterin (n=7), given intravenously as 20 mg/kg boluses at 4 and 12 hrs after sepsis induction, or placebo (n=7). All animals were fluid resuscitated. The experiment was continued until death or for a maximum of 30 hrs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In addition to standard hemodynamic assessment, the sublingual microcirculation was evaluated using sidestream dark-field videomicroscopy. The first bolus of tetrahydrobiopterin blunted the increase in heart rate and cardiac index seen in the control group without affecting mean arterial pressure, and the second bolus of tetrahydrobiopterin prevented the decreases in cardiac index and mean arterial pressure. The reduction in mixed venous blood oxygen saturation and the increase in blood lactate seen in the control group were also delayed. Tetrahydrobiopterin significantly attenuated the deterioration in perfused small vessel proportion and density, microvascular flow index, and the increase in microvascular heterogeneity observed in the control group. Tetrahydrobiopterin was associated with better preserved lung compliance and PaO2/FIO2 ratio, which were associated with a lower lung wet/dry weight ratio at the end of the study. Median survival time was significantly prolonged in the tetrahydrobiopterin group (25.0 vs. 17.8 hrs, p<.01). CONCLUSION In this clinically relevant model of sepsis, tetrahydrobiopterin supplementation attenuated the impairment in sublingual microvascular perfusion and permeability, which was accompanied by better preserved gas exchange, renal flow and urine output, and prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong He
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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84
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Rehberg S, Yamamoto Y, Sousse L, Bartha E, Jonkam C, Hasselbach AK, Traber LD, Cox RA, Westphal M, Enkhbaatar P, Traber DL. Selective V(1a) agonism attenuates vascular dysfunction and fluid accumulation in ovine severe sepsis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H1245-54. [PMID: 22961865 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00390.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin analogs are used as a supplement to norepinephrine in septic shock. The isolated effects of vasopressin agonists on sepsis-induced vascular dysfunction, however, remain controversial. Because V(2)-receptor stimulation induces vasodilation and procoagulant effects, a higher V(1a)- versus V(2)-receptor selectivity might be advantageous. We therefore hypothesized that a sole, titrated infusion of the selective V(1a)-agonist Phe(2)-Orn(8)-Vasotocin (POV) is more effective than the mixed V(1a)-/V(2)-agonist AVP for the treatment of vascular and cardiopulmonary dysfunction in methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia-induced, ovine sepsis. After the onset of hemodynamic instability, awake, chronically instrumented, mechanically ventilated, and fluid resuscitated sheep were randomly assigned to receive continuous infusions of either POV, AVP, or saline solution (control; each n = 6). AVP and POV were titrated to maintain mean arterial pressure above baseline - 10 mmHg. When compared with that of control animals, AVP and POV reduced neutrophil migration (myeloperoxidase activity, alveolar neutrophils) and plasma levels of nitric oxide, resulting in higher mean arterial pressures and a reduced vascular leakage (net fluid balance, chest and abdominal fluid, pulmonary bloodless wet-to-dry-weight ratio, alveolar and septal edema). Notably, POV stabilized hemodynamics at lower doses than AVP. In addition, POV, but not AVP, reduced myocardial and pulmonary tissue concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine, VEGF, and angiopoietin-2, thereby leading to an abolishment of cumulative fluid accumulation (POV, 9 ± 15 ml/kg vs. AVP, 110 ± 13 ml/kg vs. control, 213 ± 16 ml/kg; P < 0.001 each) and an attenuated cardiopulmonary dysfunction (left ventricular stroke work index, PaO(2)-to-FiO(2) ratio) versus control animals. Highly selective V(1a)-agonism appears to be superior to unselective vasopressin analogs for the treatment of sepsis-induced vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rehberg
- Investigational Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Mierke CT. Endothelial cell's biomechanical properties are regulated by invasive cancer cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:1639-49. [PMID: 22498801 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Most cancer-related deaths are caused by the ability of cancer cells to metastasize. This process includes the dissemination of cancer cells from the primary tumor side and their migration to targeted organ sites. During the migration of cancer cells through the connective tissue microenvironment, which consists of endothelial cells and extracellular matrix components, biomechanical properties are crucial for the efficiency and speed of cancer cell invasion and subsequently, metastases formation. Biomechanics can enable cancer cells to migrate through tissue, transmigrate through basement membranes as well as endothelial monolayers and form metastases in targeted organs. The current focus of cancer research still lies on the investigation of cancer cell's biochemical and molecular capabilities such as molecular genetics and gene signaling, but these approaches ignore the mechanical nature of the invasion process of cancer cells. Moreover, even the role of the endothelium during the transmigration and invasion of cells is not clear, it has been seen as a passive barrier, but this could not explain all novel findings. This review discusses how cancer cells alter the structural, biochemical and mechanical properties of the endothelium to regulate their own invasiveness through extracellular matrices and hence, through the tissue microenvironment. Finally, this review sheds light on the mechanical properties of cancer cells and the interacting endothelium and points out the importance of the mechanical properties as a critical determinant for the efficiency of cancer cell invasion and the overall progression of cancer. In conclusion, the regulation of the endothelial cell's biomechanical properties by cancer cells is a critical determinant of cancer cell invasiveness and may affect the future development of new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia T Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Institute of Experimental Physics I, Soft Matter Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Park GS, Ireland KF, Opoka RO, John CC. Evidence of Endothelial Activation in Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia and Effect of Blood Group on Levels of von Willebrand Factor in Malaria. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2012; 1:16-25. [PMID: 23687570 PMCID: PMC3656549 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/pis010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial activation may contribute to development of severe disease from Plasmodium falciparum infection, but optimal markers of endothelial activation in severe malaria, the extent of endothelial activation in asymptomatic infection, and the effect of blood group O on endothelial activation have not been defined. METHODS Serum levels of 3 markers of endothelial activation-von Willebrand factor (VWF), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)-were assessed in Ugandan children with cerebral malaria (CM) (n = 86), children with uncomplicated malaria (UM) (n = 81), and community children (CC) (n = 90). RESULTS Serum VWF, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 levels were all elevated in asymptomatic community children with microscopy-confirmed parasitemia when compared with children without parasitemia by microscopy or polymerase chain reaction (all, P ≤ .05). Levels of VWF, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 were higher in children with UM than in CC (all, P < 0.001), but only VWF levels effectively distinguished CM from UM (P < 0.001), a finding confirmed by receiver operating characteristic analyses (area under the curve = 0.67; 95% confidence interval, .58-.75). Von Willebrand factor levels were lower in children with blood group O versus non-O blood groups across the disease spectrum, but VWF levels remained higher in CM versus UM, even after controlling for blood group. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial activation, as assessed by serum levels of VWF, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1, occurs even in subclinical P. falciparum parasitemia. Von Willebrand factor levels increase with greater malaria disease severity. Blood group O is associated with lower VWF levels, but presence of blood group O alone does not explain the higher VWF levels seen in children with CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Park
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - Kathleen F. Ireland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis
| | | | - Chandy C. John
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis,Corresponding Author: Chandy C. John, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware St SE, Rm 363, Minneapolis, MN 55414. E-mail:
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