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Chacko A, Sly PD, Ware RS, Begum N, Deegan S, Thomas N, Gauld LM. Effect of nusinersen on respiratory function in paediatric spinal muscular atrophy types 1-3. Thorax 2021; 77:40-46. [PMID: 33963091 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nusinersen is used in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) to improve peripheral muscle function; however, respiratory effects are largely unknown. AIM To assess the effects of nusinersen on respiratory function in paediatric SMA during first year of treatment. METHODS A prospective observational study in paediatric patients with SMA who began receiving nusinersen in Queensland, Australia, from June 2018 to December 2019. Outcomes assessed were the age-appropriate respiratory investigations: spirometry, oscillometry, sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, mean inspiratory pressure, mean expiratory pressure, lung clearance index, as well as polysomnography (PSG) and muscle function testing. Lung function was collected retrospectively for up to 2 years prior to nusinersen initiation. Change in lung function was assessed using mixed effects linear regression models, while PSG and muscle function were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients (15 male, aged 0.08-18.58 years) were enrolled: type 1 (n=7); type 2 (n=12); type 3 (n=9). The annual rate of decline in FVC z-score prior to nusinersen initiation was -0.58 (95% CI -0.75 to -0.41), and post initiation was -0.25 (95% CI -0.46 to -0.03), with a significant difference in rate of decline (0.33 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.66) (p=0.04)). Most lung function measures were largely unchanged in the year post nusinersen initiation. The total Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (AHI) was reduced from a median of 5.5 events/hour (IQR 2.1-10.1) at initiation to 2.7 events/hour (IQR 0.7-5.3) after 1 year (p=0.02). All SMA type 1% and 75% of SMA types 2 and 3 had pre-defined peripheral muscle response to nusinersen. CONCLUSION The first year of nusinersen treatment saw reduced lung function decline (especially in type 2) and improvement in AHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Chacko
- Centre for Children's Research, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia .,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Centre for Children's Research, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nelufa Begum
- Centre for Children's Research, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sean Deegan
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole Thomas
- Neuromuscular Physiotherapy Department, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leanne M Gauld
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Day JW, Finkel RS, Chiriboga CA, Connolly AM, Crawford TO, Darras BT, Iannaccone ST, Kuntz NL, Peña LDM, Shieh PB, Smith EC, Kwon JM, Zaidman CM, Schultz M, Feltner DE, Tauscher-Wisniewski S, Ouyang H, Chand DH, Sproule DM, Macek TA, Mendell JR. Onasemnogene abeparvovec gene therapy for symptomatic infantile-onset spinal muscular atrophy in patients with two copies of SMN2 (STR1VE): an open-label, single-arm, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol 2021; 20:284-293. [PMID: 33743238 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy type 1 is a motor neuron disorder resulting in death or the need for permanent ventilation by age 2 years. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of onasemnogene abeparvovec (previously known as AVXS-101), a gene therapy delivering the survival motor neuron gene (SMN), in symptomatic patients (identified through clinical examination) with infantile-onset spinal muscular atrophy. METHODS STR1VE was an open-label, single-arm, single-dose, phase 3 trial done at 12 hospitals and universities in the USA. Eligible patients had to be younger than 6 months and have spinal muscular atrophy with biallelic SMN1 mutations (deletion or point mutations) and one or two copies of SMN2. Patients received a one-time intravenous infusion of onasemnogene abeparvovec (1·1 × 1014 vector genomes per kg) for 30-60 min. During the outpatient follow-up, patients were assessed once per week, beginning at day 7 post-infusion for 4 weeks and then once per month until the end of the study (age 18 months or early termination). Coprimary efficacy outcomes were independent sitting for 30 s or longer (Bayley-III item 26) at the 18 month of age study visit and survival (absence of death or permanent ventilation) at age 14 months. Safety was assessed through evaluation of adverse events, concomitant medication usage, physical examinations, vital sign assessments, cardiac assessments, and laboratory evaluation. Primary efficacy endpoints for the intention-to-treat population were compared with untreated infants aged 6 months or younger (n=23) with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (biallelic deletion of SMN1 and two copies of SMN2) from the Pediatric Neuromuscular Clinical Research (PNCR) dataset. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03306277 (completed). FINDINGS From Oct 24, 2017, to Nov 12, 2019, 22 patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 were eligible and received onasemnogene abeparvovec. 13 (59%, 97·5% CI 36-100) of 22 patients achieved functional independent sitting for 30 s or longer at the 18 month of age study visit (vs 0 of 23 patients in the untreated PNCR cohort; p<0·0001). 20 patients (91%, 79-100]) survived free from permanent ventilation at age 14 months (vs 6 [26%], 8-44; p<0·0001 in the untreated PNCR cohort). All patients who received onasemnogene abeparvovec had at least one adverse event (most common was pyrexia). The most frequently reported serious adverse events were bronchiolitis, pneumonia, respiratory distress, and respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Three serious adverse events were related or possibly related to the treatment (two patients had elevated hepatic aminotransferases, and one had hydrocephalus). INTERPRETATION Results from this multicentre trial build on findings from the phase 1 START study by showing safety and efficacy of commercial grade onasemnogene abeparvovec. Onasemnogene abeparvovec showed statistical superiority and clinically meaningful responses when compared with observations from the PNCR natural history cohort. The favourable benefit-risk profile shown in this study supports the use of onasemnogene abeparvovec for treatment of symptomatic patients with genetic or clinical characteristics predictive of infantile-onset spinal muscular atrophy type 1. FUNDING Novartis Gene Therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Day
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Richard S Finkel
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA; Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Claudia A Chiriboga
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne M Connolly
- Department of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas O Crawford
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Basil T Darras
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan T Iannaccone
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nancy L Kuntz
- Division of Neurology, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Loren D M Peña
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH, USA
| | - Perry B Shieh
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward C Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer M Kwon
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Craig M Zaidman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Deepa H Chand
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Novartis Gene Therapies, Bannockburn, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Jerry R Mendell
- Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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53
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van der Heul AMB, Cuppen I, Wadman RI, Asselman F, Schoenmakers MAGC, van de Woude DR, Gerrits E, van der Pol WL, van den Engel-Hoek L. Feeding and Swallowing Problems in Infants with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1: an Observational Study. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 7:323-330. [PMID: 32333596 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-190465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile hereditary proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 is characterized by onset in the first 6 months of life and severe and progressive muscle weakness. Dysphagia is a common complication but has not been studied in detail. OBJECTIVE To study feeding and swallowing problems in infants with SMA type 1, and to explore the relation between these problems and functional motor scores. METHODS We prospectively included 16 infants with SMA type 1 between September 2016 and October 2018. Eleven infants received palliative care and five infants best supportive care in combination with nusinersen. We compiled and used an observation list with feeding related issues and observed feeding sessions during inpatient and outpatient visits. The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND) was used as a measure of motor function. RESULTS All infants in the palliative care group (median onset of disease 14 days (range 1-56); median inclusion in the study 52 days (range 16-252) demonstrated symptoms of fatigue during feeding and unsafe swallowing. Symptoms were short nursing sessions (10-15 minutes), and not being able to finish the recommended feeding volumes (72%); increased frequency of feeding sessions (55%); coughing when drinking or eating (91%), and wet breathing during and after feeding (64%).Two out of five infants in the nusinersen group (median onset of disease 38 days (range 21-90); inclusion in the study at 63 days (range 3-218) were clinically pre-symptomatic at the start of treatment. The other three infants showed symptoms of fatigue and unsafe swallowing at inclusion in the study. These symptoms initially decreased after the start of the treatment, but (re)appeared in all five infants between the ages of 8 to 12 months, requiring the start tube of feeding. In the same period motor function scores significantly improved (median increase CHOP INTEND 16 points). CONCLUSION Impaired feeding and swallowing remain important complications in infants with SMA type 1 after the start of nusinersen. Improvement of motor function does not imply similar gains in bulbar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M B van der Heul
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Spieren voor Spieren Kindercentrum, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - I Cuppen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Spieren voor Spieren Kindercentrum, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R I Wadman
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Spieren voor Spieren Kindercentrum, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Asselman
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Spieren voor Spieren Kindercentrum, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M A G C Schoenmakers
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Spieren voor Spieren Kindercentrum, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D R van de Woude
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Spieren voor Spieren Kindercentrum, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Gerrits
- Department of Language, University Utrecht, Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Literature and Communication, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W L van der Pol
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Spieren voor Spieren Kindercentrum, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L van den Engel-Hoek
- Department of Rehabilitation, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Center for Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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54
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Pane M, Coratti G, Sansone VA, Messina S, Catteruccia M, Bruno C, Sframeli M, Albamonte E, Pedemonte M, D'Amico A, Bravetti C, Berti B, Palermo C, Leone D, Brigati G, Tacchetti P, Salmin F, De Sanctis R, Lucibello S, Pera MC, Piastra M, Genovese O, Bertini E, Vita G, Tiziano FD, Mercuri E. Type I SMA "new natural history": long-term data in nusinersen-treated patients. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:548-557. [PMID: 33547876 PMCID: PMC7951096 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this paper was to report the 2‐year follow‐up in type I patients treated with Nusinersen and to assess whether possible changes in motor function are related to the subtype, age, or SMN2 copy number. Methods Sixty‐eight patients, with ages ranging from 0.20 to 15.92 years (mean: 3.96; standard deviation: +3.90) were enrolled in the study. All patients were assessed using the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND) and the developmental section of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE‐2) at the time they started treatment and 12 and 24 months after that. Results For both CHOP and HINE‐2 repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant difference (P < 0.001) between baseline and 12 months, 12 months and 24 months, and baseline and 24‐month scores for the whole group. When age subgroups (<210 days, <2 years, 2–4 years, 5–11 years, 12–18 years) were considered, on the CHOP INTEND the difference was significant between baseline and 24 months in all age subgroups. On the HINE‐2, the difference between baseline and 24 months was significant in all the subgroups before the age of 4 years. Age was predictive of changes on both scales (P < 0.05), whereas SMN2 copy number and decimal classification were not. Interpretation Our results suggest that some improvement of motor function can be observed even after the first year of treatment. This is more obvious in the infants treated in the first 2 years but some improvement can also be found in older children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Pane
- Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Coratti
- Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria A Sansone
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Sonia Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Catteruccia
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Sframeli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina, Italy
| | - Emilio Albamonte
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Pedemonte
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Bravetti
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Berti
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Palermo
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Leone
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Brigati
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Tacchetti
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Salmin
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto De Sanctis
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Lucibello
- Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Pera
- Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Piastra
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Catholic University and Policlinico Gemelli, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Orazio Genovese
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Catholic University and Policlinico Gemelli, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Danilo Tiziano
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University and Policlinico Gemelli, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
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Pierzchlewicz K, Kępa I, Podogrodzki J, Kotulska K. Spinal Muscular Atrophy: The Use of Functional Motor Scales in the Era of Disease-Modifying Treatment. Child Neurol Open 2021; 8:2329048X211008725. [PMID: 33997096 PMCID: PMC8107939 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x211008725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic condition characterized by progressive motoneuron loss. Infants affected by SMA type 1 do not gain developmental milestones and acutely decline, requiring ventilatory support. Several scales are used to assess motor disability and its progression in SMA. Recently, 3 disease-modifying therapies have been approved for SMA patients: nusinersen, an intrathecal antisense oligonucleotide enhancing SMN protein production by the SMN2 gene, risdiplam, also influencing the SMN2 gene to stimulate SMN production but administered orally, and onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi, an SMN1 gene replacement therapy. Thus, the functional scales should now be applicable for patients improving their motor function over time to assess treatment efficacy. In this paper, we compare different functional scales used in SMA patients. Their usefulness in different SMA types, age groups, and feasibility in daily clinical practice is described below. Some changes in motor function assessments in SMA are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pierzchlewicz
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children’s Memorial Health
Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Kępa
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children’s Memorial Health
Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Podogrodzki
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children’s Memorial Health
Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children’s Memorial Health
Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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56
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Duong T, Harding G, Mannix S, Abel C, Phillips D, Alfano LN, Bönnemann CG, Lilien C, Lowes LP, Servais L, Warken-Madelung B, Nieto Bergman S, James ES, Noursalehi M, Prasad S, Rico S, Bilder DA. Use of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND) in X-Linked Myotubular Myopathy: Content Validity and Psychometric Performance. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:63-77. [PMID: 32925083 PMCID: PMC7902972 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a life-threatening, congenital myopathy characterized by extreme hypotonia, weakness, delayed motor milestones, and respiratory failure, often resulting in pediatric mortality. This study evaluated the content validity and psychometric performance of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders as a measure of neuromuscular functioning in children with X-linked myotubular myopathy. This study was conducted in two phases. Phase I assessed the content validity of the measure for use in an XLMTM pediatric population through: literature review, clinical expert interviews, caregiver interviews, and a modified-Delphi panel among clinicians. Phase II assessed psychometric performance based on the INCEPTUS observational clinical study and the ASPIRO interventional gene therapy study, including tests of reliability (internal consistency, test-retest, and interrater), validity (construct and criterion), and responsiveness based on observational and interventional clinical trial data analyses. Data established construct validity and reliability of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders among XLMTM patients before administration of resamirigene bilparvovec, and sensitivity to study drug administration as evidenced by the significant post-administration response in ASPIRO. Findings support the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders as an appropriate neuromuscular functioning assessment in a pediatric X-linked myotubular myopathy patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charlotte Lilien
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Institut I-Motion, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurent Servais
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Institut I-Motion, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France.,University Hospital Liège & University of La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - Emma S James
- Encoded Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA formerly at Audentes Therapeutics, an Astellas Company, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Suyash Prasad
- Suyash Prasad Consulting, LLC, San Francisco, CA, USA formerly at Audentes Therapeutics, an Astellas Company, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Salvador Rico
- Encoded Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA formerly at Audentes Therapeutics, an Astellas Company, San Francisco, CA, USA
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57
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Fragala-Pinkham M, Pasternak A, McDermott MP, Mirek E, Glanzman AM, Montes J, Dunaway Young S, Salazar R, Quigley J, Riley SO, Chiriboga CA, Finkel RS, Tennekoon G, Martens WB, De Vivo DC, Darras BT. Psychometric properties of the PEDI-CAT for children and youth with spinal muscular atrophy. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2021; 14:451-461. [PMID: 34275913 DOI: 10.3233/prm-190664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) in children and youth with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). METHODS In this prospective cross-sectional study, caregivers of children and youth with SMA completed the PEDI-CAT Daily Activities and Mobility domains. A subset of caregivers completed a questionnaire about the measure. RESULTS Mean ranks of scaled scores for Daily Activities (n = 96) and Mobility (n = 95) domains were significantly different across the three SMA types and across the three motor classifications. Normative scores indicated that 85 participants (89.5%) had limitations in Mobility and 51 in Daily Activities (53.1%). Floor effects were observed in≤10.4% of the sample for Daily Activities and Mobility. On average, caregivers completed the Mobility domain in 5.4 minutes and the Daily Activities domain in 3.3 minutes. Most caregivers reported that they provided meaningful information (92.1%), were willing to use the PEDI-CAT format again (79%), and suggested adding content including power wheelchair mobility items. CONCLUSION Convergent validity was demonstrated for the Daily Activities and Mobility domains. Normative scores detected limitations in Mobility and Daily Activity performance for most participants with SMA. The PEDI-CATwas feasible to administer and caregivers expressed willingness to complete the PEDI-CAT in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fragala-Pinkham
- Research Center, Franciscan Children's Hospital, Brighton, MA, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Services, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Pasternak
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Services, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael P McDermott
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mirek
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Services, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allan M Glanzman
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Montes
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally Dunaway Young
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Salazar
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janet Quigley
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Services, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan O Riley
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia A Chiriboga
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard S Finkel
- Center for Experimental Neurotherapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gihan Tennekoon
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William B Martens
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Darryl C De Vivo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Basil T Darras
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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58
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Kaltman J, Kern-Smith E, Zhang C, Figueroa J, Ritchey M, Razdan R, Verma S. Outcomes in type 1 spinal muscular atrophy on nusinersen: A single center experience. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:2793-2794. [PMID: 33130439 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Kern-Smith
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Biostatistics Core Departments of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
| | - Janet Figueroa
- Biostatistics Core Departments of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
| | - Mary Ritchey
- Department of Neurosciences, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA
| | - Raj Razdan
- Department of Neurosciences, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA
| | - Sumit Verma
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.
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Pechmann A, Baumann M, Bernert G, Flotats-Bastardas M, Gruber-Sedlmayr U, von der Hagen M, Hasselmann O, Hobbiebrunken E, Horber V, Johannsen J, Kellersmann A, Köhler C, von Moers A, Müller-Felber W, Plecko B, Reihle C, Schlachter K, Schreiber G, Schwartz O, Smitka M, Steiner E, Stoltenburg C, Stüve B, Theophil M, Weiß C, Wiegand G, Wilichowski E, Winter B, Wittmann W, Schara U, Kirschner J. Treatment with Nusinersen - Challenges Regarding the Indication for Children with SMA Type 1. J Neuromuscul Dis 2020; 7:41-46. [PMID: 31744015 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-190441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has changed due to advances in standard care and development of targeted treatments. Nusinersen was the first drug approved for the treatment of all SMA patients. The transfer of clinical trial data into a real-life environment is challenging, especially regarding the advice of patients and families to what extent they can expect a benefit from the novel treatment. We report the results of a modified Delphi consensus process among child neurologists from Germany, Austria and Switzerland about the indication or continuation of nusinersen treatment in children with SMA type 1 based on different clinical case scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Pechmann
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Baumann
- Department of Pediatrics I, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther Bernert
- Department of Pediatrics, Neuropediatrics, Kaiser Franz Josef Krankenhaus mit Gottfried von Preyer Children Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ursula Gruber-Sedlmayr
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maja von der Hagen
- Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Elke Hobbiebrunken
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University, Robert Koch Strasse 40, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Veronka Horber
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jessika Johannsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Kellersmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Neuropediatrics, Kaiser Franz Josef Krankenhaus mit Gottfried von Preyer Children Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Köhler
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arpad von Moers
- Department of Pediatrics and Neuropediatrics, DRK Klinikum Westend, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Müller-Felber
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Dr. v. Haunersche Kinderklinik, University Children's Hospital, LMU, München, Germany
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christof Reihle
- Department for Pediatric Neurology, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine Olgahospital, Psychosomatic and Pain Medicine, Child Pain Center Baden-Württemberg, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kurt Schlachter
- Department of Pediatrics, State Hospital of Bregenz (LKH Bregenz), Bregenz, Austria
| | | | - Oliver Schwartz
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Martin Smitka
- Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Corinna Stoltenburg
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Stüve
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Kliniken der Stadt Köln, Children's Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuela Theophil
- Department of Pediatrics and Neuropediatrics, DRK Klinikum Westend, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Weiß
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert Wiegand
- Neuropediatrics Section of the Department of Pediatrics, Asklepios Clinic Hamburg, Nord-Heidberg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Wilichowski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University, Robert Koch Strasse 40, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wittmann
- Kinderzentrum St. Martin - Social Paediatric Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Children's Hospital 1, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Okamoto K, Motoki T, Saito I, Urate R, Aibara K, Jogamoto T, Fukuda M, Wakamoto H, Maniwa S, Kondo Y, Toda Y, Goji A, Mori T, Soga T, Konishi Y, Nagai S, Takami Y, Tokorodani C, Nishiuchi R, Usui D, Ando R, Tada S, Yamanishi Y, Nagai M, Arakawa R, Saito K, Nishio H, Ishii E, Eguchi M. Survey of patients with spinal muscular atrophy on the island of Shikoku, Japan. Brain Dev 2020; 42:594-602. [PMID: 32505480 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder associated with spinal motor neuron loss and characterized by generalized muscle weakness. Only a few reports exist on SMA epidemiology in Japan. Additionally, nusinersen recently became available as a treatment for this condition. We estimated the prevalence of each type of SMA on Shikoku, Japan's fourth-largest major island. METHODS We sent a questionnaire to all 131 hospitals in Shikoku that have pediatrics or neurology departments from March to September 2019, asking whether each hospital had SMA patients at that time. If so, we sent a second questionnaire to obtain more detailed information on the clinical data and treatment of each patient. RESULTS A total of 117 hospitals (89.3%) responded to our first questionnaire, and 21 SMA patients were reported, 16 of whom had homozygous deletion of SMN1. Of the 21, nine had SMA type 1, five were type 2, five were type 3, one was type 4, and one was unidentified. The estimated prevalence for all instances of SMA and 5q-SMA was 0.56 and 0.43 per 100,000 people, respectively. Thirteen patients had received nusinersen therapy. Its outcomes varied from no obvious effects and being unable to sit to being able to sit independently. CONCLUSION Our data showed the prevalence of SMA types 2 and 3 was relatively low on Shikoku compared with previous reports from other countries, suggesting delayed diagnosis may affect the results. Remaining motor function may be one predicting factor. Greater awareness of SMA among clinicians and patients seems necessary for more accurate epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Ehime Prefectural Imabari Hospital, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Motoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Risako Urate
- Faculty of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kaori Aibara
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Jogamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan; Department of Neuropediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wakamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime Rehabilitation Center For Children, Ehime, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maniwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Toda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Aya Goji
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Soga
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Konishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Nagai
- Department of Child Neurology, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Takami
- Department of Pediatrics, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Chiho Tokorodani
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi, Japan
| | - Ritsuo Nishiuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Usui
- Department of Pediatrics, Tano Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Rina Ando
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamanishi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Reiko Arakawa
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Saito
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisahide Nishio
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan; Imabari City Medical Association Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mariko Eguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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Cruz KLT, Camargos ACR, Cardoso J, de Baptista CRDJA, Ramos AD, Mattiello-Sverzut AC, Burns J, Leite HR. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Pediatric Scale to Brazilian Portuguese and determination of its measurement properties. Braz J Phys Ther 2020; 25:303-310. [PMID: 32800672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Pediatric Scale (CMTPedS) has been used to measure aspects of disability in children with all types of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). OBJECTIVE To translate and cross-culturally adapt the CMTPedS into Brazilian-Portuguese and determine its reliability and validity. METHODS The translation and cross-cultural adaptation followed international guidelines recommendations. Twenty individuals with CMT were assessed. Two examiners assessed the participants for inter-rater reliability. Face validity was assessed by eight physical therapists that judged the relevance of each test item. The Bland-Altman analysis (bias) and standard error of measurement (SEM) complemented the analysis. Furthermore, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), weighted kappa (k), and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was determined. RESULTS The CMTPedS was successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted. Twenty children/youth were enrolled in the study. Of these, the majority (55%) were girls with a mean age of 13.9 (range: from 6 to 18) years. Regarding face validity, the CMTPedS-Br showed relevant items for assessing children and youth with CMT. The ICC for the total score showed excellent reliability (ICC2.1 = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.84, 0.97). The most reliable items were grip, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion strength while the least reliable items were pinprick, vibration, and gait. The internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.91, 0.99) and the agreement showed small variability (bias = 0.15, 95% CI= -4.28, 4.60). CONCLUSION The CMTPedS-Br showed adequate reliability and face validity to measure disability in individuals with CMT. This tool will allow Brazil to be part of multicentered studies on such a rare but debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoliny Lisandra Teixeira Cruz
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Alto da Jacuba, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Resende Camargos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Alto da Jacuba, MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação (PPGCr), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cardoso
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Duprat Ramos
- Hospital Foundation of the State of Minas Gerais - FHEMIG - João XXIII Hospital, Physical Therapy Department, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Joshua Burns
- University of Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health & Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Alto da Jacuba, MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação (PPGCr), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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62
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Abstract
Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating rare disease that affects individuals regardless of ethnicity, gender, and age. The first-approved disease-modifying therapy for SMA, nusinursen, was approved by Health Canada, as well as by American and European regulatory agencies following positive clinical trial outcomes. The trials were conducted in a narrow pediatric population defined by age, severity, and genotype. Broad approval of therapy necessitates close follow-up of potential rare adverse events and effectiveness in the larger real-world population. Methods: The Canadian Neuromuscular Disease Registry (CNDR) undertook an iterative multi-stakeholder process to expand the existing SMA dataset to capture items relevant to patient outcomes in a post-marketing environment. The CNDR SMA expanded registry is a longitudinal, prospective, observational study of patients with SMA in Canada designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of novel therapies and provide practical information unattainable in trials. Results: The consensus expanded dataset includes items that address therapy effectiveness and safety and is collected in a multicenter, prospective, observational study, including SMA patients regardless of therapeutic status. The expanded dataset is aligned with global datasets to facilitate collaboration. Additionally, consensus dataset development aimed to standardize appropriate outcome measures across the network and broader Canadian community. Prospective outcome studies, data use, and analyses are independent of the funding partner. Conclusion: Prospective outcome data collected will provide results on safety and effectiveness in a post-therapy approval era. These data are essential to inform improvements in care and access to therapy for all SMA patients.
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Kruse T, Heller R, Wirth B, Glöggler J, Wurster CD, Ludolph AC, Braumann B. Maximum bite force in patients with spinal muscular atrophy during the first year of nusinersen therapy - A pilot study. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2020; 39:83-89. [PMID: 32904902 PMCID: PMC7460731 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Spinal muscular atrophy is a monogenic disease characterized by progressive spinal and bulbar muscle weakness and atrophy. It is caused by the degeneration of alpha-motoneurons. The recent approval of the antisense oligonucleotide nusinersen highlights the need for reliable clinical tools to evaluate motor function in patients with neuromuscular disorders. Measurement of the bulbar neuromuscular function (e.g., bite force) could be an extension to existing motor scales, sensitive to more nuanced changes, especially in symptomatic patients with severely reduced functional abilities. Materials and methods Maximum bite force measurement was used to quantify changes of the masticatory function in adult monozygotic female twins with SMA type II. Using piezoelectric transducers, 550 observations were recorded for each patient during the first year of nusinersen therapy. Results During the application of four loading doses of nusinersen, bite force levels steadily increased and reached a statistically significantly higher level compared to the initial state in both patients. Subsequent maintenance doses coincided with smaller or no statistically significant changes in maximum bite force. Conclusions This pilot study indicates that the measurement of maximum bite force may be a useful tool to detect changes of the bulbar function in SMA patients. As such, it may supplement existing scales to identify treatment-related changes in motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kruse
- Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Deutschland.,Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Deutschland
| | - Raoul Heller
- Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Deutschland.,Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Deutschland
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Deutschland.,Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Deutschland.,Zentrum für Molekulare Genetik, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Deutschland
| | - Julia Glöggler
- Klinik für Kieferorthopädie und Orthodontie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Deutschland
| | | | | | - Bert Braumann
- Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Deutschland.,Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Deutschland
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64
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Huang M, Cao J, Sun J, Li W, Qin L, Li H, Zhai C, Huang W, Gui T, Zhang K, Wang J, Vuillerot C, Wang Y, Dai M. Cross-cultural Adaptation and Multi-centric Validation of the Motor Function Measure Chinese Version (MFM-32-CN) for Patients with Neuromuscular Diseases. Dev Neurorehabil 2020; 23:210-217. [PMID: 31307263 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2019.1642413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to produce a Chinese translation and adaptation of the MFM-32 and examine its measurement parametric properties in Chinese population with neuromuscular diseases. Methods: The MFM-32-CN was validated by testing reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity. Results: The Interrater and intrarater reliability of MFM-32-CN were moderate to excellent for each item, and excellent for the total score and the subscores. The internal consistency was high for the global scale and subscales. The total score was strongly related to the VAS and Vignos grade, and to a lesser degree to the Brooke grade. The discriminant validity was good. Conclusion: MFM-32-CN has satisfactory reliability, internal consistency, convergent validity and discriminant validity in youngsters with DMD, and good psychometric properties have also been observed for the whole population tested combining different NMD groups, but future study with a larger number of participants in each disease group is needed to confirm the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Shenzhen Children`s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Shenzhen Children`s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenzhu Li
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lun Qin
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Zhai
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Kuibiao Zhang
- Shenzhen Disabled Persons' Comprehensive Service Center
| | - Jian Wang
- Shenzhen Disabled Persons' Comprehensive Service Center
| | | | - Yujuan Wang
- Shenzhen Children`s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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LoMauro A, Mastella C, Alberti K, Masson R, Aliverti A, Baranello G. Reply to Chacko et al.: Limited Assessment of Respiratory Muscle Response to Nusinersen Treatment in Infants with Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:624-626. [PMID: 31747301 PMCID: PMC7047463 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201910-2022le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Mastella
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilan, Italy
| | - Katia Alberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masson
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilan, Italyand
| | | | - Giovanni Baranello
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilan, Italyand.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health LondonLondon, United Kingdom
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66
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LoMauro A, Mastella C, Alberti K, Masson R, Aliverti A, Baranello G. Effect of Nusinersen on Respiratory Muscle Function in Different Subtypes of Type 1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:1547-1550. [PMID: 31433957 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201906-1175le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Mastella
- Neuropsichiatria dell'Infanzia e dell'AdolescenzaMilan, Italy
| | - Katia Alberti
- Neuropsichiatria dell'Infanzia e dell'AdolescenzaMilan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masson
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilan, Italyand
| | | | - Giovanni Baranello
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilan, Italyand.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondon, United Kingdom
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Aragon-Gawinska K, Daron A, Ulinici A, Vanden Brande L, Seferian A, Gidaro T, Scoto M, Deconinck N, Servais L. Sitting in patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 treated with nusinersen. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:310-314. [PMID: 31799720 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine factors associated with acquisition of a sitting position in patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1) treated with nusinersen. METHOD Using data from the registry of patients with SMA1 treated with nusinersen, we compared the subgroups of sitters and non-sitters after 14 months of therapy as a function of baseline level, SMN2 copy number, age at treatment initiation, and improvement at 2 and 6 months post-treatment initiation. We used Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination, Section 2 (HINE-2) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders for motor evaluation. RESULTS Fifty children (22 females, 28 males), mean age 22 months (SD 20.7; range 2.5-102.8mo) were treated. Data on sitting position acquisition were collected for 47 patients at month 14. Fifteen patients were able to sit unassisted; 11 of 15 had a baseline HINE-2 score of at least 2 points and 11 of 14 had an improvement over baseline of at least 2 points at month 6. Patients who improved by 2 or more points at month 6 were three times more likely to be sitters at month 14 than those who did not. INTERPRETATION High baseline motor function and improvement in HINE-2 score after 6 months of treatment are associated with the probability of acquiring a sitting position in patients with SMA1 treated with nusinersen. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Fifteen of 47 patients with spinal muscular atrophy could sit unaided 14 months after treatment with nusinersen. The number of SMN2 copies were not predictive of acquisition of a sitting position. Baseline condition and clinical response after 6 months of treatment were most predictive of sitting position acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Aragon-Gawinska
- Institute I-motion, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aurore Daron
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Citadelle Hospital, Liege, Belgium
| | - Ana Ulinici
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Citadelle Hospital, Liege, Belgium
| | | | | | - Teresa Gidaro
- Institute I-motion, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Mariacristina Scoto
- Neuromuscular Centre UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Centre, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), ULB, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Reference Centre, UZ Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurent Servais
- Institute I-motion, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Citadelle Hospital, Liege, Belgium
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Kruse T, Lehmann HC, Braumann B, Fink GR, Wunderlich G. The Maximum Bite Force for Treatment Evaluation in Severely Affected Adult SMA Patients-Protocol for a Longitudinal Study. Front Neurol 2020; 11:139. [PMID: 32161570 PMCID: PMC7052363 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neuromuscular disorder characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, and comprises a broad clinical spectrum. With the advent of new therapies (e.g., Nusinersen) for patients of all ages and disease stages, sensitive clinical measures are needed to detect slight changes in muscle force even in immobilized, severely affected patients often unable to move limbs. As for these patients, well-established outcome scales set out to evaluate motor function do not work properly, we propose measurement of maximum bite force which is able to detect subtle changes of bulbar function. Requirements for this approach are mentioned, challenges are discussed, and first insights from a pilot study are presented. Finally, a study design is proposed to evaluate the measurement of maximum bite force during the follow up of SMA patients with and without a disease modifying therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kruse
- Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Cologne, Germany.,Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Helmar C Lehmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bert Braumann
- Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Cologne, Germany.,Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gilbert Wunderlich
- Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Cologne, Germany.,Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Cologne, Germany
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69
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Baranello G, De Amicis R, Arnoldi MT, Zanin R, Mastella C, Masson R, Leone A, Alberti K, Foppiani A, Battezzati A, Bertoli S. Evaluation of body composition as a potential biomarker in spinal muscular atrophy. Muscle Nerve 2020; 61:530-534. [PMID: 32012296 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to investigate the correlation between body composition (BC) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)-specific motor function assessments. METHODS Patients with SMA types I or II, aged 1 to 10 years, were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The protocol included anthropometric measurements, and dual-energy X-ray absoprtiometry to assess fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), fat-free mass (FFM), FM and FFM indexes (FMI, FFMI), and motor function assessments (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders scale for SMAI, and Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale-Expanded for SMAII). RESULTS Eighty-eight children were included. All had a higher FM percentage than reference values. Motor function was moderately correlated with body mass index (BMI), FFMI, and LMI in SMAI, and weakly correlated with FFMI, LMI, and LM:FM ratio in SMAII. DISCUSSION BC shows promise as a potential biomarker for SMA, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Baranello
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ramona De Amicis
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Arnoldi
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zanin
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mastella
- SAPRE-UONPIA, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masson
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Alberti
- SAPRE-UONPIA, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Foppiani
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Obesity Unit and Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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70
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Pawliuk C, Widger K, Dewan T, Brander G, Brown HL, Hermansen AM, Grégoire MC, Steele R, Siden HH. Scoping review of symptoms in children with rare, progressive, life-threatening disorders. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2019; 10:91-104. [PMID: 31831511 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2019-001943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Q3 conditions are progressive, metabolic, neurological or chromosomal childhood conditions without a cure. Children with these conditions face an unknown lifespan as well as unstable and uncomfortable symptoms. Clinicians and other healthcare professionals are challenged by a lack of evidence for symptom management for these conditions. AIMS In this scoping review, we systematically identified and mapped the existing literature on symptom management for children with Q3 conditions. We focused on the most common and distressing symptoms, namely alertness, behavioural problems, bowel incontinence, breathing difficulties, constipation, feeding difficulties, sleep disturbance, temperature regulation, tone and motor problems and urinary incontinence. For children with complex health conditions, good symptom management is pertinent to ensure the highest possible quality of life. METHODS Scoping review. Electronic database searches in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL and a comprehensive grey literature search. RESULTS We included 292 studies in our final synthesis. The most commonly reported conditions in the studies were Rett syndrome (n=69), followed by Cornelia de Lange syndrome (n=25) and tuberous sclerosis (n=16). Tone and motor problems were the most commonly investigated symptom (n=141), followed by behavioural problems (n=82) and sleep disturbance (n=62). CONCLUSION The evidence for symptom management in Q3 conditions is concentrated around a few conditions, and these studies may not be applicable to other conditions. The evidence is dispersed in the literature and difficult to access, which further challenges healthcare providers. More research needs to be done in these conditions to provide high-quality evidence for the care of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Pawliuk
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim Widger
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tammie Dewan
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gina Brander
- Regina Campus Library, Saskatchewan Polytechnic, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Helen L Brown
- Woodward Library, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Rose Steele
- School of Nursing, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harold Hal Siden
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada .,Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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71
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Development of an academic disease registry for spinal muscular atrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2019; 29:794-799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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72
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De Vivo DC, Bertini E, Swoboda KJ, Hwu WL, Crawford TO, Finkel RS, Kirschner J, Kuntz NL, Parsons JA, Ryan MM, Butterfield RJ, Topaloglu H, Ben-Omran T, Sansone VA, Jong YJ, Shu F, Staropoli JF, Kerr D, Sandrock AW, Stebbins C, Petrillo M, Braley G, Johnson K, Foster R, Gheuens S, Bhan I, Reyna SP, Fradette S, Farwell W. Nusinersen initiated in infants during the presymptomatic stage of spinal muscular atrophy: Interim efficacy and safety results from the Phase 2 NURTURE study. Neuromuscul Disord 2019; 29:842-856. [PMID: 31704158 PMCID: PMC7127286 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NURTURE is an ongoing study of nusinersen started in a presymptomatic stage of SMA. All infants were ≥25 months old, and alive without permanent ventilation. All infants achieved independent sitting and 88% (22/25) were walking alone. Nusinersen demonstrated durability of effect with a median 2.9 years of follow up. Nusinersen was well tolerated with no new safety concerns over extended follow up.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with severe muscle atrophy and weakness in the limbs and trunk. We report interim efficacy and safety outcomes as of March 29, 2019 in 25 children with genetically diagnosed SMA who first received nusinersen in infancy while presymptomatic in the ongoing Phase 2, multisite, open-label, single-arm NURTURE trial. Fifteen children have two SMN2 copies and 10 have three SMN2 copies. At last visit, children were median (range) 34.8 [25.7–45.4] months of age and past the expected age of symptom onset for SMA Types I or II; all were alive and none required tracheostomy or permanent ventilation. Four (16%) participants with two SMN2 copies utilized respiratory support for ≥6 h/day for ≥7 consecutive days that was initiated during acute, reversible illnesses. All 25 participants achieved the ability to sit without support, 23/25 (92%) achieved walking with assistance, and 22/25 (88%) achieved walking independently. Eight infants had adverse events considered possibly related to nusinersen by the study investigators. These results, representing a median 2.9 years of follow up, emphasize the importance of proactive treatment with nusinersen immediately after establishing the genetic diagnosis of SMA in presymptomatic infants and emerging newborn screening efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl C De Vivo
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Post-Graduate Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Kathryn J Swoboda
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas O Crawford
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard S Finkel
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nancy L Kuntz
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Parsons
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Monique M Ryan
- Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Haluk Topaloglu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tawfeg Ben-Omran
- Sidra Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Valeria A Sansone
- NEMO Clinical Center - NEuroMuscular Omniservice, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University; Departments of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Francy Shu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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73
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Al-Zaidy SA, Kolb SJ, Lowes L, Alfano LN, Shell R, Church KR, Nagendran S, Sproule DM, Feltner DE, Wells C, Ogrinc F, Menier M, L’Italien J, Arnold WD, Kissel JT, Kaspar BK, Mendell JR. AVXS-101 (Onasemnogene Abeparvovec) for SMA1: Comparative Study with a Prospective Natural History Cohort. J Neuromuscul Dis 2019; 6:307-317. [DOI: 10.3233/jnd-190403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samiah A. Al-Zaidy
- Center for Gene Therapy Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen J. Kolb
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Linda Lowes
- Center for Gene Therapy Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay N. Alfano
- Center for Gene Therapy Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard Shell
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen R. Church
- Center for Gene Therapy Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - W. David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John T. Kissel
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jerry R. Mendell
- Center for Gene Therapy Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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74
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Lowes LP, Alfano LN, Arnold WD, Shell R, Prior TW, McColly M, Lehman KJ, Church K, Sproule DM, Nagendran S, Menier M, Feltner DE, Wells C, Kissel JT, Al-Zaidy S, Mendell J. Impact of Age and Motor Function in a Phase 1/2A Study of Infants With SMA Type 1 Receiving Single-Dose Gene Replacement Therapy. Pediatr Neurol 2019; 98:39-45. [PMID: 31277975 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study characterizes motor function responses after early dosing of AVXS-101 (onasemnogene abeparvovec) in gene replacement therapy in infants with severe spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1). METHODS This study is a follow-up analysis of 12 infants with SMA1 who received the proposed therapeutic dose of AVXS-101 in a Phase 1 open-label study (NCT02122952). Infants were grouped according to age at dosing and baseline Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders scores: (1) early dosing/low motor, dosed age less than three months with scores <20 (n = 3), (2) late dosing, dosed at age three months or greater (n = 6), and (3) early dosing/high motor, dosed age less than three months with scores ≥20 (n = 3). RESULTS Early dosing/low motor group demonstrated a mean gain of 35.0 points from a mean baseline of 15.7, whereas the late dosing group had a mean gain of 23.3 from a mean baseline of 26.5. The early dosing/high motor group quickly reached a mean score of 60.3, near the scale maximum (64), from a mean baseline of 44.0. Despite a lower baseline motor score, the early dosing/low motor group achieved sitting unassisted earlier than the late dosing group (mean age: 17.0 vs 22.0 months). The early dosing/high motor group reached this milestone earliest (mean age: 9.4 months). CONCLUSIONS The rapid, significant motor improvements among infants with severe SMA1 treated with AVXS-101 at an early age highlight the importance of newborn screening and early treatment and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of AVXS-101 regardless of baseline motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda P Lowes
- Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Lindsay N Alfano
- Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - W David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard Shell
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas W Prior
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Markus McColly
- Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kelly J Lehman
- Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kathleen Church
- Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John T Kissel
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Samiah Al-Zaidy
- Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jerry Mendell
- Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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75
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Pane M, Coratti G, Sansone VA, Messina S, Bruno C, Catteruccia M, Sframeli M, Albamonte E, Pedemonte M, D'Amico A, Bravetti C, Berti B, Brigati G, Tacchetti P, Salmin F, de Sanctis R, Lucibello S, Piastra M, Genovese O, Bertini E, Vita G, Tiziano FD, Mercuri E. Nusinersen in type 1 spinal muscular atrophy: Twelve-month real-world data. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:443-451. [PMID: 31228281 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to report 12-month changes after treatment with nusinersen in a cohort of 85 type I spinal muscular atrophy patients of ages ranging from 2 months to 15 years and 11 months. METHODS All patients were assessed using the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND) and the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination-Section 2 (HINE-2). RESULTS Two of the 85 patients had 1 SMN2 copy, 61 had 2 copies, and 18 had 3 copies. In 4 patients the SMN2 copy number was not available. At baseline, the mean CHOP INTEND scores ranged between 0 and 52 (mean = 15.66, standard deviation [SD] = ±13.48), and the mean HINE-2 score was between 0 and 5 (mean = 0.69, SD = ±1.23). There was a difference between baseline and the 12-month scores on both the CHOP INTEND and the HINE-2 for the whole group (p < 0.001), the subgroups with 2 SMN2 copies (p < 0.001), and those with 3 SMN2 copies (p < 0.001). The difference was found not only in patients younger than 210 days at baseline (p < 0.001) but also in those younger than 5 years on the CHOP INTEND and younger than 2 years on the HINE-2. INTERPRETATION Our results, expanding the age range and the severity of type I patients treated with nusinersen over 1 year, provide additional data on the range of efficacy of the drug that will be helpful in making an informed decision on whether to start treatment in patients of different ages and severity. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:443-451.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Pane
- Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Rome
| | - Giorgia Coratti
- Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Rome
| | - Valeria A Sansone
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan
| | - Sonia Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina and Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Messina
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa
| | - Michela Catteruccia
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Baby Jesus Children's Hospital, Rome
| | - Maria Sframeli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina and Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Messina
| | - Emilio Albamonte
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan
| | - Marina Pedemonte
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Baby Jesus Children's Hospital, Rome
| | - Chiara Bravetti
- Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Rome
| | - Beatrice Berti
- Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Rome
| | - Giorgia Brigati
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa
| | - Paola Tacchetti
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa
| | - Francesca Salmin
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Milan, Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan
| | - Roberto de Sanctis
- Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Rome
| | - Simona Lucibello
- Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Rome
| | - Marco Piastra
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Catholic University and Gemelli General Hospital, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Rome
| | - Orazio Genovese
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Catholic University and Gemelli General Hospital, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Rome
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Baby Jesus Children's Hospital, Rome
| | - Giuseppe Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina and Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Messina
| | - Francesco Danilo Tiziano
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University and Gemelli General Hospital, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Rome
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Omnicentre Clinical Center, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, Rome.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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76
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Neil EE, Bisaccia EK. Nusinersen: A Novel Antisense Oligonucleotide for the Treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:194-203. [PMID: 31093018 PMCID: PMC6510522 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-24.3.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) encompasses a group of autosomal recessively inherited degenerative neuromuscular disorders. They range in severity from neonatal onset with rapidly progressive weakness and early mortality (SMA-1), to onset in infancy (SMA-2), to adolescent/adult onset with indolent clinical course (SMA-3/-4). SMA patients share mutations in the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene; variations in clinical phenotypes are attributable to copy numbers of the closely related SMN2 gene. In December 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved nusinersen (Spinraza, Biogen, Cambridge, MA) to treat SMA. Nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, is administered directly into cerebrospinal fluid. It alters SMN2 pre-RNA splicing so exon 7 is included, increasing expression of functional SMN protein. Although nusinersen was FDA approved for treatment of all forms of SMA, the initial clinical trials were limited to patients up to age 14 years, diagnosed with SMA-1,-2, -3, not on mechanical ventilation support. Two subsequent phase 3 trials were completed for SMA-1 and SMA-2/-3 and demonstrated improved motor milestones and event-free survival, better than expected based on natural history studies. Efficacy assessments for patients receiving nusinersen are based on serial assessments of performance on age-appropriate standardized motor scales. Treatment requires complex financial and logistics because of the very high drug cost, intrathecal administration, and medical fragility of the patients. Treatment implementation also engenders ethical considerations related to cost, insurance coverage, limited clinical data on groups of patients not in clinical trials, and questions of duration of treatment. Nusinersen has been integrated into the treatment of many SMA patients.
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77
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Malone DC, Dean R, Arjunji R, Jensen I, Cyr P, Miller B, Maru B, Sproule DM, Feltner DE, Dabbous O. Cost-effectiveness analysis of using onasemnogene abeparvocec (AVXS-101) in spinal muscular atrophy type 1 patients. JOURNAL OF MARKET ACCESS & HEALTH POLICY 2019; 7:1601484. [PMID: 31105909 PMCID: PMC6508058 DOI: 10.1080/20016689.2019.1601484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1) is a devastating genetic disease for which gene-replacement therapy may bring substantial survival and quality of life benefits. Objective: This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of onasemnogene abeparvovec (AVXS-101) gene-replacement therapy for SMA1. Study design: A Markov model was used to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), expressed as cost/quality-adjusted life year ($/QALY), of AVXS-101 versus nusinersen over a lifetime. Survival, healthcare costs and QALYs were estimated using natural history data for SMA patients who achieved motor milestones (sitting/walking). Health utility weights were obtained from the CHERISH trial. Setting: USA; commercial payer perspective Participants: SMA1 infants Interventions: AVXS-101 was compared to nusinersen. Main outcome measure: The primary outcome was the ICER. Results: Expected survival (undiscounted) over a lifetime predicted by the model was 37.20 life years for AVXS-101 and 9.68 for nusinersen (discounted QALYs, 15.65 and 5.29, respectively). Using a potential AVXS-101 price range ($2.5-5.0M/treatment), the average lifetime cost/patient was $4.2-6.6M for AVXS-101 and $6.3M for nusinersen. The ICER range was (-$203,072) to $31,379 per QALY gained for AVXS-101 versus nusinersen, indicating that AVXS-101 was cost-effective with prices of ≤$5M. Conclusion: Single-dose AVXS-101 was cost-effective compared to chronic nusinersen for SMA1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramesh Arjunji
- AveXis, Inc., Bannockburn, IL, USA
- CONTACT Ramesh Arjunji AveXis, Inc, Bannockburn, IL, USA
| | | | - Phil Cyr
- Precision Xtract, Boston, MA, USA
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78
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Rao VK, Kapp D, Schroth M. Gene Therapy for Spinal Muscular Atrophy: An Emerging Treatment Option for a Devastating Disease. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2018; 24:S3-S16. [PMID: 30582825 PMCID: PMC10408414 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2018.24.12-a.s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease that, in most cases, involves homozygous deletion of the SMN1 gene. This causes a deficiency in survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, which plays a critical role in motor neuron development. SMA has a range of phenotype expression resulting in variable age of symptom onset, maximum motor strength achieved, and survival. Without intervention, infants with a more severe form of the disease (type 1 SMA) die before 2 years of age. Although it is rare, SMA is the most common fatal inherited disease of infancy, and until recently, treatment was primarily supportive. In 2016, a new agent, nusinersen, was approved by the FDA. Other treatments are in development, including a gene therapy, AVXS-101. These treatments are not only improving the lives of patients with SMA and their families, they are changing the disease phenotype. They have the greatest benefit when given early in the disease course. OBJECTIVES To discuss current knowledge about SMA, provide clinical evidence for available and emerging treatment options, and present approaches for adding new therapies to hospital/health system formularies to ensure timely access to newly approved therapies for SMA. SUMMARY Advances in clinical care have significantly extended the lives of individuals with SMA, and research into the genetic mechanisms leading to disease have revealed strategies for intervention that target the underlying cause of SMA. Nusinersen is now on the market, and other treatment options, such as AVXS-101, may soon be approved. This article provides an overview of SMA and the genetic mechanisms leading to SMN deficiency, then describes how new and emerging treatments work to overcome this deficiency and prevent associated nerve damage and disability. In addition, we discuss steps for incorporating AVXS-101 into hospital/health system formularies, along with barriers and concerns that may delay access, based in part on lessons learned with nusinersen.
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79
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Lochmüller H, Evans D, Farwell W, Finkel R, Goemans N, de Lemus M, Matyushenko V, Muntoni F, Ouillade MC, Schwersenz I, Wilson P. Position Statement: Sharing of Clinical Research Data in Spinal Muscular Atrophy to Accelerate Research and Improve Outcomes for Patients. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 5:131-133. [PMID: 29865093 PMCID: PMC6004907 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-180325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Lochmüller
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center - University ofFreiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Evans
- Data Science - Personalized HealthCare, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Richard Finkel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, USA
| | - Nathalie Goemans
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mencia de Lemus
- Fundación Atrofia Muscular Espinal, FundAME, Madrid, Spain.,SMA Europe, Chipping Campden, UK
| | - Vitaliy Matyushenko
- Children withSpinal Muscular Atropy, Charitable Foundation, Kharkiv, Ukraine.,SMA Europe, Chipping Campden, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- University College LondonGreat Ormond Institute of Child Health, London, UK; and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London UK
| | | | - Inge Schwersenz
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Muskelkranke e.V., Freiburg, Germany.,SMA Europe, Chipping Campden, UK
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80
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Ricci F, Brusa C, Rossi F, Rolle E, Placentino V, Berardinelli A, Pagliardini V, Porta F, Spada M, Mongini T. Functional assessment tools in children with Pompe disease: A pilot comparative study to identify suitable outcome measures for the standard of care. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:1103-1109. [PMID: 30166092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pompe disease (PD) is a rare condition caused by mutations in gene encoding for the enzyme alpha-glucosidase, resulting in an abnormal intracellular accumulation of glycogen. The disease clinical spectrum ranges from severe infantile forms to adult-onset forms with minor limitations. Since 2000 enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is available and disease natural history has changed, with prolonged survival and evidence of myopathic features. METHODS In this study, we monitored disease progression up to three years in eight young patients with PD. Based on the literature data and the long term personal experience, we selected validated functional scales for neuromuscular disorders and compared the results to identify a simple and reliable protocol for the follow-up of children with PD. Moreover, we evaluated cognitive functions using developmental/cognitive tests. RESULTS Based on study results, we suggest that motor functions in children with PD could be better assessed by Chop Intend, MFM20 (Motor Function Measure Scale for Neuromuscular Diseases 20) and NSAA (North Star Ambulatory Assessment), according to age and functional level. Evaluation should be completed with ROM (Range Of Motion) measurement, MRC (Medical Research Council) evaluation and 6MWT (6 Minute Walk test) when possible. CONCLUSIONS The proposed protocol seems to be reliable and should be done every six months, because of the progressive natural history of the disease, the rapid changes typical of developmental age and the need to document ERT effects. About cognitive functions, additional tests to classical intelligence scales (WISC, WPPSI) should be useful to better describe specific neuropsychological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ricci
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Turin University Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Chiara Brusa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Turin University Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Turin University Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Rolle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Turin University Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Placentino
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Turin University Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Berardinelli
- Division of Childhood and Adolescence Neurology, IRCCS Mondino, via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Veronica Pagliardini
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Turin University Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Porta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Turin University Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Spada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Turin University Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Mongini
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Turin University Hospital, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
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81
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LoMauro A, Banfi P, Mastella C, Alberti K, Baranello G, Aliverti A. A New Method for Measuring Bell-Shaped Chest Induced by Impaired Ribcage Muscles in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Children. Front Neurol 2018; 9:703. [PMID: 30271372 PMCID: PMC6146085 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the respiratory muscular pump makes SMA children prone to frequent hospitalization and morbidity, particularly in type 1. Progressive weakness affects ribcage muscles resulting in bell-shaped chest that was never quantified. The aims of the present work were: (1) to quantify the presence of bell-shaped chest in SMA infants and children and to correlate it with the action of ribcage muscles, assessed by the contribution of pulmonary ribcage to tidal volume (ΔVRC, p); (2) to verify if and how the structure of the ribcage and ΔVRC, p change after 1-year in SMA type 2. 91 SMA children were studied in supine position during awake spontaneous breathing: 32 with type 1 (SMA1, median age: 0.8 years), 51 with type 2 (SMA2, 3.7 years), 8 with type 3 (SMA3, 5.4 years) and 20 healthy children (HC, 5.2 years). 14 SMA2 showed negative ΔVRC, p (SMA2px), index of paradoxical inspiratory inward motion. The bell-shaped chest index was defined as the ratio between the distance of the two anterior axillary lines at sternal angle and the distance between the right and left 10th costal cartilage. If this index was < < 1, it indicated bell shape, if ~1 it indicated rectangular shape, while if >> 1 an inverted triangle shape was identified. While the bell-shaped index was similar between HC (0.92) and SMA3 (0.91), it was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in SMA2 (0.81), SMA2px (0.74) and SMA1 (0.73), being similar between the last two. There was a good correlation (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.635, p < 0.001) between ribcage geometry and ΔVRC, p. After 1 year, ΔVRC, p reduced while bell-shaped chest index did not change being significantly lower than HC. The shape of the ribcage was quantified and correlated with the action of ribcage muscles in SMA children. The impaired ribcage muscles function alters the ribcage structure. HC and SMA3 show an almost rectangular ribcage shape, whereas SMA2, SMA2px and SMA1 are characterized by bell-shaped chest. In SMA, therefore, a vicious cycle starts since infancy: the disease progressively affects ribcage muscles resulting in reduced expansion of lung and ribcage that ultimately alters ribcage shape. This puts the respiratory muscles at mechanical disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella LoMauro
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Banfi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mastella
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SAPRE-UONPIA, Neuropsichiatria dell'Infanzia e dell'Adolescenza, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Alberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SAPRE-UONPIA, Neuropsichiatria dell'Infanzia e dell'Adolescenza, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- UO Neurologia dello Sviluppo, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Aliverti
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, Milan, Italy
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82
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Pane M, Palermo C, Messina S, Sansone VA, Bruno C, Catteruccia M, Sframeli M, Albamonte E, Pedemonte M, D'Amico A, Brigati G, de Sanctis R, Coratti G, Lucibello S, Bertini E, Vita G, Danilo Tiziano F, Mercuri E. An observational study of functional abilities in infants, children, and adults with type 1 SMA. Neurology 2018; 91:e696-e703. [PMID: 30045959 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report cross-sectional clinical findings in a large cohort of patients affected by type 1 spinal muscular atrophy. METHODS We included 122 patients, of age ranging between 3 months and 22 years, 1 month. More than 70% (85/122) were older than 2 years and 25% (31/122) older than 10 years. Patients were classified according to the severity of phenotype and to the number of SMN2 copies. RESULTS Patients with the more common and the most severe phenotype older than 2 years were, with few exceptions, on noninvasive ventilation and, with increasing age, more often had tracheostomy or >16-hour ventilation and a gastrostomy inserted. In contrast, 25 of the 28 patients with the mildest phenotype older than 2 years had no need for tracheostomy or other ventilatory or nutritional support. In patients older than 2 years, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders scores were generally lower compared to those found in younger patients and showed distinct levels of functional abilities according to the severity of the phenotype. Similar findings were also observed on the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that, after the age of 2 years, patients with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy generally survive only if they have gastrostomy and tracheostomy or noninvasive ventilation >16 hours and have low scores on the functional scales. More variability, however, can be expected in those with the mildest phenotype, who achieve head control. These data provide important baseline information at the time treatments are becoming available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Pane
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Palermo
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Messina
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria A Sansone
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Bruno
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Catteruccia
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sframeli
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Albamonte
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Pedemonte
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele D'Amico
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Brigati
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto de Sanctis
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Coratti
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Lucibello
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vita
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Danilo Tiziano
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- From Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo (M. Pane, C.P., R.d.S., G.C., S.L.), Catholic University and Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (S.M., M.S., G.V., E.M.), University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina; Neurorehabilitation Unit (V.S., E.A.), University of Milan, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, Milan; Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders (C.B., M. Pedemonte, G.B.), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (M.C., A.D., E.B.), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome; and Institute of Genomic Medicine (F.D.T.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
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Claborn MK, Stevens DL, Walker CK, Gildon BL. Nusinersen: A Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Ann Pharmacother 2018; 53:61-69. [PMID: 30008228 DOI: 10.1177/1060028018789956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the efficacy and safety of nusinersen (Spinraza) in the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). DATA SOURCES An English-language literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE (1946 to June 2018) was performed using the terms nusinersen, ISIS-SMN (Rx), and spinal muscular atrophy. Manufacturer prescribing information, abstracts, article bibliographies, and clinicaltrials.gov data were incorporated for additional materials. STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION All clinical trials of nusinersen were identified and analyzed in the review. DATA SYNTHESIS Nusinersen is the first drug therapy approved for the treatment of SMA. It is a novel modified antisense oligonucleotide designed to treat SMA caused by mutations in chromosome 5q that lead to survival motor neuron protein deficiency. Nusinersen has been studied for safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy in both open-label and randomized controlled trials. The studies show improvement in motor function across SMA of all types. The most common adverse effects were respiratory tract infections, headache, back pain, constipation, and post-lumbar puncture syndrome. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Based on phase III trial data, nusinersen produced positive changes in the clinical course of patients with SMA. The acquisition and administration of nusinersen present a number of challenges in clinical practice. Its intrathecal delivery and costly price tag must be recognized. CONCLUSION Nusinersen is safe and effective in patients with SMA. It was well tolerated across all studied age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie K Claborn
- 1 Southwestern Oklahoma State University College of Pharmacy, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Debra L Stevens
- 1 Southwestern Oklahoma State University College of Pharmacy, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Cheri K Walker
- 1 Southwestern Oklahoma State University College of Pharmacy, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Brooke L Gildon
- 1 Southwestern Oklahoma State University College of Pharmacy, Weatherford, OK, USA
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Montes J, McDermott MP, Mirek E, Mazzone ES, Main M, Glanzman AM, Duong T, Young SD, Salazar R, Pasternak A, Gee R, De Sanctis R, Coratti G, Forcina N, Fanelli L, Ramsey D, Milev E, Civitello M, Pane M, Pera MC, Scoto M, Day JW, Tennekoon G, Finkel RS, Darras BT, Muntoni F, De Vivo DC, Mercuri E. Ambulatory function in spinal muscular atrophy: Age-related patterns of progression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199657. [PMID: 29944707 PMCID: PMC6019250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 3 are able to walk but they have weakness, gait impairments and fatigue. Our primary study objective was to examine longitudinal changes in the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and to evaluate whether age and SMA type 3 subtype are associated with decline in ambulatory function. Data from three prospective natural history studies were used. Seventy-three participants who performed the 6MWT more than once, at least 6 months apart, were included; follow-up ranged from 0.5-9 years. Only data from patients who completed the 6MWT were included. The mean age of the participants was 13.5 years (range 2.6-49.1), with 52 having disease onset before age 3 years (type 3A). At baseline, type 3A participants walked a shorter distance on average (257.1 m) than type 3B participants (390.2 m) (difference = 133.1 m, 95% confidence interval [CI] 71.8-194.3, p < 0.001). Distance walked was weakly associated with age (r = 0.25, p = 0.04). Linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the mean annual rate of change. The overall mean rate of change was -7.8 m/year (95% CI -13.6 --2.0, p = 0.009) and this did not differ by subtype (type 3A: -8.5 m/year, type 3B: -6.6 m/year, p = 0.78), but it did differ by age group (< 6: 9.8 m/year; 6-10: -7.9 m/year; 11-19: -20.8 m/year; ≥ 20: -9.7 m/year; p = 0.005). Our results showed an overall decline on the 6MWT over time, but different trajectories were observed depending on age. Young ambulant SMA patients gain function but in adolescence, patients lose function. Future clinical trials in ambulant SMA patients should consider in their design the different trajectories of ambulatory function over time, based on age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Montes
- Departments of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael P. McDermott
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Mirek
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Services, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Elena S. Mazzone
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Nemo Clinical Centre, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marion Main
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Allan M. Glanzman
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Tina Duong
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Sally Dunaway Young
- Departments of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Rachel Salazar
- Departments of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Amy Pasternak
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Services, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Richard Gee
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Roberto De Sanctis
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Nemo Clinical Centre, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Coratti
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Nemo Clinical Centre, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Forcina
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Nemo Clinical Centre, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Fanelli
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Nemo Clinical Centre, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Danielle Ramsey
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evelin Milev
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marika Pane
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Nemo Clinical Centre, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Pera
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Nemo Clinical Centre, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Scoto
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - John W. Day
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Gihan Tennekoon
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Basil T. Darras
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darryl C. De Vivo
- Departments of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Nemo Clinical Centre, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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85
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Pane M, Palermo C, Messina S, Sansone VA, Bruno C, Catteruccia M, Sframeli M, Albamonte E, Pedemonte M, D'Amico A, Brigati G, de Sanctis R, Coratti G, Lucibello S, Bertini E, Vita G, Tiziano FD, Mercuri E. Nusinersen in type 1 SMA infants, children and young adults: Preliminary results on motor function. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:582-585. [PMID: 29960818 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We report preliminary data on the six month use of Nusinersen in 104 type 1 patients of age ranging from three months to 19 years, 9 months. Ten of the 104 were classified as 1.1, 58 as 1.5 and 36 as 1.9. Three patients had one SMN2 copy, 65 had two and 24 had three copies. In 12 the SMN2 copy number was not available. After six months an improvement of more than two points was found in 58 of the 104 (55.7%) on the CHOP INTEND and in 21 of the 104 (20.19%) on the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE). Changes more than two points were found in 26/71 patients older than two years, and in seven of the 20 older than 10 years. Changes ≥ four points were found in 20/71 older than two years, and in six of the 20 patients older than 10 years. The difference between baseline and six months on both CHOP INTEND and HINE was significant for the whole group (p < 0.001) as well as for the subgroups with two (p < 0.001), and three SMN2 copies (p < 0.001). Our preliminary results suggest that functional improvement can be observed in type 1 patients outside the range of the inclusion criteria used in the Endear study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Pane
- Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo, Catholic University and Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Palermo
- Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo, Catholic University and Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria A Sansone
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Catteruccia
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sframeli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina, Italy
| | - Emilio Albamonte
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Centro Clinico Nemo, Niguarda Hospital, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Pedemonte
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Brigati
- Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto de Sanctis
- Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo, Catholic University and Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Coratti
- Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo, Catholic University and Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Lucibello
- Paediatric Neurology and Centro Clinico Nemo, Catholic University and Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina and Centro Clinico Nemo, Messina, Italy.
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86
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Krosschell KJ, Bosch M, Nelson L, Duong T, Lowes LP, Alfano LN, Benjamin D, Carry TB, Devine G, Kelley C, Gadekan R, Malkus EC, Pasternak A, Provance-Orr S, Roemeiser-Logan L, Nicorici A, Trussell D, Young SD, Fetterman JR, Montes J, Powers PJ, Quinones R, Quigley J, Coffey CS, Yankey JW, Bartlett A, Kissel JT, Kolb SJ. Motor Function Test Reliability During the NeuroNEXT Spinal Muscular Atrophy Infant Biomarker Study. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 5:509-521. [PMID: 30223401 PMCID: PMC8112280 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-180327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NeuroNEXT SMA Infant Biomarker Study, a two year, longitudinal, multi-center study of infants with SMA type 1 and healthy infants, presented a unique opportunity to assess multi-site rater reliability on three infant motor function tests (MFTs) commonly used to assess infants with SMA type 1. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of prospective MFT rater training and the effect of rater experience on inter-rater and intra-rater reliability for the Test of Infant Motor Performance Screening Items (TIMPSI), the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP-INTEND) and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). METHODS Training was conducted utilizing a novel set of motor function test (MFT) videos to optimize accurate MFT administration and reliability for the study duration. Inter- and intra-rater reliability of scoring for the TIMPSI and inter-rater reliability of scoring for the CHOP INTEND and the AIMS was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Effect of rater experience on reliability was examined using ICC. Agreement with 'expert' consensus scores was examined using Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS Inter-rater reliability on all MFTs was good to excellent. Intra-rater reliability for the primary MFT, the TIMPSI, was excellent for the study duration. Agreement with 'expert' consensus was within predetermined limits (≥85%) after training. Evaluator experience with SMA and MFTs did not affect reliability. CONCLUSIONS Reliability of scores across evaluators was demonstrated for all three study MFTs and scores were reproducible on repeated administration. Evaluator experience had no effect on reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J. Krosschell
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Bosch
- Department of Biostatistics, NeuroNEXT Data Coordinating Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Leslie Nelson
- Physical Therapy, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tina Duong
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Linda P. Lowes
- Neurology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Danielle Benjamin
- Physical Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Terri B. Carry
- Physical Therapy, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ginger Devine
- Pi Beta Phi Rehabilitation Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carolyn Kelley
- Physical Therapy, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca Gadekan
- Neuromuscular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Amy Pasternak
- The Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Services, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Alina Nicorici
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Sally Dunaway Young
- Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Montes
- Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Penny J. Powers
- Pi Beta Phi Rehabilitation Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Janet Quigley
- The Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Services, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher S. Coffey
- Department of Biostatistics, NeuroNEXT Data Coordinating Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jon W. Yankey
- Department of Biostatistics, NeuroNEXT Data Coordinating Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amy Bartlett
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John T. Kissel
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen J. Kolb
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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87
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Mancuso M, McFarland R, Klopstock T, Hirano M. International Workshop:: Outcome measures and clinical trial readiness in primary mitochondrial myopathies in children and adults. Consensus recommendations. 16-18 November 2016, Rome, Italy. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:1126-1137. [PMID: 29074296 PMCID: PMC6094160 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics NE1 3BZ, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut an der Neurologischen Klinik und Poliklinik, LMU München, Ziemssenstr. 1a, 80336 München, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Neuromuscular Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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88
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Mendell JR, Al-Zaidy S, Shell R, Arnold WD, Rodino-Klapac LR, Prior TW, Lowes L, Alfano L, Berry K, Church K, Kissel JT, Nagendran S, L'Italien J, Sproule DM, Wells C, Cardenas JA, Heitzer MD, Kaspar A, Corcoran S, Braun L, Likhite S, Miranda C, Meyer K, Foust KD, Burghes AHM, Kaspar BK. Single-Dose Gene-Replacement Therapy for Spinal Muscular Atrophy. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:1713-1722. [PMID: 29091557 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1706198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1422] [Impact Index Per Article: 203.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1) is a progressive, monogenic motor neuron disease with an onset during infancy that results in failure to achieve motor milestones and in death or the need for mechanical ventilation by 2 years of age. We studied functional replacement of the mutated gene encoding survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) in this disease. METHODS Fifteen patients with SMA1 received a single dose of intravenous adeno-associated virus serotype 9 carrying SMN complementary DNA encoding the missing SMN protein. Three of the patients received a low dose (6.7×1013 vg per kilogram of body weight), and 12 received a high dose (2.0×1014 vg per kilogram). The primary outcome was safety. The secondary outcome was the time until death or the need for permanent ventilatory assistance. In exploratory analyses, we compared scores on the CHOP INTEND (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders) scale of motor function (ranging from 0 to 64, with higher scores indicating better function) in the two cohorts and motor milestones in the high-dose cohort with scores in studies of the natural history of the disease (historical cohorts). RESULTS As of the data cutoff on August 7, 2017, all 15 patients were alive and event-free at 20 months of age, as compared with a rate of survival of 8% in a historical cohort. In the high-dose cohort, a rapid increase from baseline in the score on the CHOP INTEND scale followed gene delivery, with an increase of 9.8 points at 1 month and 15.4 points at 3 months, as compared with a decline in this score in a historical cohort. Of the 12 patients who had received the high dose, 11 sat unassisted, 9 rolled over, 11 fed orally and could speak, and 2 walked independently. Elevated serum aminotransferase levels occurred in 4 patients and were attenuated by prednisolone. CONCLUSIONS In patients with SMA1, a single intravenous infusion of adeno-associated viral vector containing DNA coding for SMN resulted in longer survival, superior achievement of motor milestones, and better motor function than in historical cohorts. Further studies are necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of this gene therapy. (Funded by AveXis and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02122952 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry R Mendell
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Samiah Al-Zaidy
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Richard Shell
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - W Dave Arnold
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Louise R Rodino-Klapac
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Thomas W Prior
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Linda Lowes
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Lindsay Alfano
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Katherine Berry
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Kathleen Church
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - John T Kissel
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Sukumar Nagendran
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - James L'Italien
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Douglas M Sproule
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Courtney Wells
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Jessica A Cardenas
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Marjet D Heitzer
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Allan Kaspar
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Sarah Corcoran
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Lyndsey Braun
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Shibi Likhite
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Carlos Miranda
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - K D Foust
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Arthur H M Burghes
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
| | - Brian K Kaspar
- From the Center for Gene Therapy at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., L.R.R.-K., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., S.L., C.M., K.M., B.K.K.) and the Departments of Pediatrics (J.R.M., S.A.-Z., R.S., L.L., L.A., K.B., K.C., J.T.K., B.K.K.), Neurology (J.R.M., W.D.A., L.R.R.-K., A.H.M.B., B.K.K.), Pathology (T.W.P.), and Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (A.H.M.B.), Ohio State University - both in Columbus; and AveXis, Bannockburn, IL (S.N., J.L., D.M.S., C.W., J.A.C., M.D.H., A.K., S.C., L.B., K.D.F., B.K.K.)
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Finkel RS, Mercuri E, Darras BT, Connolly AM, Kuntz NL, Kirschner J, Chiriboga CA, Saito K, Servais L, Tizzano E, Topaloglu H, Tulinius M, Montes J, Glanzman AM, Bishop K, Zhong ZJ, Gheuens S, Bennett CF, Schneider E, Farwell W, De Vivo DC. Nusinersen versus Sham Control in Infantile-Onset Spinal Muscular Atrophy. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:1723-1732. [PMID: 29091570 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1702752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1307] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder that is caused by an insufficient level of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide drug that modifies pre-messenger RNA splicing of the SMN2 gene and thus promotes increased production of full-length SMN protein. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, phase 3 efficacy and safety trial of nusinersen in infants with spinal muscular atrophy. The primary end points were a motor-milestone response (defined according to results on the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination) and event-free survival (time to death or the use of permanent assisted ventilation). Secondary end points included overall survival and subgroup analyses of event-free survival according to disease duration at screening. Only the first primary end point was tested in a prespecified interim analysis. To control the overall type I error rate at 0.05, a hierarchical testing strategy was used for the second primary end point and the secondary end points in the final analysis. RESULTS In the interim analysis, a significantly higher percentage of infants in the nusinersen group than in the control group had a motor-milestone response (21 of 51 infants [41%] vs. 0 of 27 [0%], P<0.001), and this result prompted early termination of the trial. In the final analysis, a significantly higher percentage of infants in the nusinersen group than in the control group had a motor-milestone response (37 of 73 infants [51%] vs. 0 of 37 [0%]), and the likelihood of event-free survival was higher in the nusinersen group than in the control group (hazard ratio for death or the use of permanent assisted ventilation, 0.53; P=0.005). The likelihood of overall survival was higher in the nusinersen group than in the control group (hazard ratio for death, 0.37; P=0.004), and infants with a shorter disease duration at screening were more likely than those with a longer disease duration to benefit from nusinersen. The incidence and severity of adverse events were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among infants with spinal muscular atrophy, those who received nusinersen were more likely to be alive and have improvements in motor function than those in the control group. Early treatment may be necessary to maximize the benefit of the drug. (Funded by Biogen and Ionis Pharmaceuticals; ENDEAR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02193074 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Finkel
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Basil T Darras
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Anne M Connolly
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Nancy L Kuntz
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Claudia A Chiriboga
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Kayoko Saito
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Laurent Servais
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Eduardo Tizzano
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Haluk Topaloglu
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Már Tulinius
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Jacqueline Montes
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Allan M Glanzman
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Kathie Bishop
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Z John Zhong
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Sarah Gheuens
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - C Frank Bennett
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Eugene Schneider
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Wildon Farwell
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
| | - Darryl C De Vivo
- From the Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL (R.S.F.); the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome (E.M.); the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston (B.T.D.), and Biogen, Cambridge (Z.J.Z., S.G., W.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis (A.M.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago (N.L.K.); the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany (J.K.); the Departments of Neurology (C.A.C., J.M.) and Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine (J.M.), Columbia University, and the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center (D.C.D.V.), New York; the Institute of Medical Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo (K.S.); the Institute of Motion, Paris (L.S.); the Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, and Centro de Investigacíon Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona (E.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey (H.T.); the Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.T.); the Department of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia (A.M.G.); and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (K.B., C.F.B., E.S.)
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De Sanctis R, Pane M, Coratti G, Palermo C, Leone D, Pera MC, Abiusi E, Fiori S, Forcina N, Fanelli L, Lucibello S, Mazzone ES, Tiziano FD, Mercuri E. Clinical phenotypes and trajectories of disease progression in type 1 spinal muscular atrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 28:24-28. [PMID: 29174525 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The advent of clinical trials has highlighted the need for natural history studies reporting disease progression in type 1 spinal muscular atrophy. The aim of this study was to assess functional changes using the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND) scale in a cohort of type 1 infants. Nutritional and respiratory longitudinal data were also recorded. Patients were classified according to the severity of the phenotype and age of onset. SMN2 copies were also assessed. Twenty patients were included, eight with early onset most severe phenotype, eight with the more typical type 1 phenotype and 4, who achieved some head control, with a milder phenotype. Both baseline values and trajectories of progression were different in the three subgroups (p = 0.0001). Infants with the most severe phenotype had the lowest scores (below 20) on their first assessment and had the most rapid decline. Those with the typical phenotype had scores generally between 20 and 40 and also had a fast decline. The infants with the milder phenotype had the highest scores, generally above 35, and a much slower deterioration. Infants with three SMN2 copies had an overall milder phenotype and milder progression while two SMN2 copies were found in all three subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Sanctis
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Pane
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Coratti
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; Paediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Palermo
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Leone
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Pera
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Abiusi
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Fiori
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Forcina
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Fanelli
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Lucibello
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena S Mazzone
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Danilo Tiziano
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; Paediatric Neurology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A.Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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91
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive degenerative neuromuscular disorder characterized by loss of spinal motor neurons leading to muscle weakness. This review article focuses on a novel antisense oligonucleotide treatment, first ever approved for SMA (nusinersen, SpinrazaTM) and describes the exciting journey from early ASO clinical trials to regulatory approval of the first ever known effective treatment for SMA. Areas covered: This article reviews the results of the published open label nusinersen studies in infants and children, and briefly covers the preliminary findings of the recently completed but as yet unpublished nusinersen-sham controlled trials, as well as the presymptomatic nusinersen trial known as Nurture. Clinical use of nusinersen is also reviewed. Expert commentary: Collectively, the studies show improvement in motor function across SMA of all types, including SMA type 3. Best motor response was observed with early treatment; presymptomatic treatment prevented disease manifestations. Nusinersen was found to be safe and well tolerated across all age groups studied. Nusinersen has irrevocably altered the natural history of SMA and allowed for the first time children to transition between SMA types. Nusinersen should be considered as standard of care for the treatment of SMA of all types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Chiriboga
- a SMA Clinical Research Center, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
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92
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LoMauro A, Aliverti A, Mastella C, Arnoldi MT, Banfi P, Baranello G. Spontaneous Breathing Pattern as Respiratory Functional Outcome in Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165818. [PMID: 27820869 PMCID: PMC5098831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction SMA is characterised by progressive motor and respiratory muscle weakness. We aimed to verify if in SMA children 1)each form is characterized by specific ventilatory and thoraco-abdominal pattern(VTAp) during quiet breathing(QB); 2)VTAp is affected by salbutamol therapy, currently suggested as standard treatment, or by the natural history(NH) of SMA; 3)the severity of global motor impairment linearly correlates with VTAp. Materials and methods VTAp was analysed on 32 SMA type I (SMA1,the most severe form), 51 type II (SMA2,the moderate), 8 type III (SMA3,the mildest) and 20 healthy (HC) using opto-electronic plethysmography. Spirometry, cough and motor function were measured in a subgroup of patients. Results In SMA1, a normal ventilation is obtained in supine position by rapid and shallow breathing with paradoxical ribcage motion. In SMA2, ventilation is within a normal range in seated position due to an increased respiratory rate(p<0.05) with reduced tidal volume(p<0.05) secondary to a poor contribution of pulmonary ribcage(%ΔVRC,P, p<0.001). Salbutamol therapy had no effect on VTAp during QB(p>0.05) while tachypnea occurred in type I NH. A linear correlation(p<0.001) was found between motor function scales and VTAp. Conclusion A negative or reduced %ΔVRC,P, indicative of ribcage muscle weakness, is a distinctive feature of SMA1 and SMA2 since infancy. Its quantitative assessment represents a non-invasive, non-volitional index that can be obtained in all children, even uncollaborative, and provides useful information on the action of ribcage muscles that are known to be affected by the disease.Low values of motor function scales indicate impairment of motor but also of respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. LoMauro
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria; Politecnico di Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - A. Aliverti
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria; Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - C. Mastella
- S.A.PRE., Ospedale Policlinico Maggiore Mangiagalli, and Regina Elena Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - M. T. Arnoldi
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Carlo Besta Neurological Research Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Banfi
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Baranello
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Carlo Besta Neurological Research Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
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93
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Finkel R, Bertini E, Muntoni F, Mercuri E. 209th ENMC International Workshop: Outcome Measures and Clinical Trial Readiness in Spinal Muscular Atrophy 7-9 November 2014, Heemskerk, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 25:593-602. [PMID: 26045156 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Bertini
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, London, UK
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94
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Abstract
Neuropathologic findings within the central and peripheral nervous systems in patients with spinal muscular atrophy type I (SMA-I) were examined in relation to genetic, clinical, and electrophysiologic features. Five infants representing the full clinical spectrum of SMA-I were examined clinically for compound motor action potential amplitude and SMN2 gene copy number; morphologic analyses of postmortem central nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle tissue samples were performed and SMN protein was assessed in muscle samples. The 2 clinically most severely affected patients had a single copy of the SMN2 gene; in addition to anterior horn cells, dorsal root ganglia, and thalamus, neuronal degeneration in them was widespread in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, pigmented nuclei, brainstem, and cerebellum. Two typical SMA-I patients and a milder case each had 2 copies of the SMN2 gene and more restricted neuropathologic abnormalities. Maturation of acetylcholine receptor subunits was delayed and the neuromuscular junctions were abnormally formed in the SMA-I patients. Thus, the neuropathologic findings in human SMA-I are similar to many findings in animal models; factors other than SMN2 copy number modify disease severity. We present a pathophysiologic model for SMA-I as a protein deficiency disease affecting a neuronal network with variable clinical thresholds. Because new treatment strategies improve survival of infants with SMA-I, a better understanding of these factors will guide future treatments.
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95
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Cano SJ, Mayhew A, Glanzman AM, Krosschell KJ, Swoboda KJ, Main M, Steffensen BF, Bérard C, Girardot F, Payan CAM, Mercuri E, Mazzone E, Elsheikh B, Florence J, Hynan LS, Iannaccone ST, Nelson LL, Pandya S, Rose M, Scott C, Sadjadi R, Yore MA, Joyce C, Kissel JT. Rasch analysis of clinical outcome measures in spinal muscular atrophy. Muscle Nerve 2014; 49:422-30. [PMID: 23836324 PMCID: PMC4376296 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trial design for SMA depends on meaningful rating scales to assess outcomes. In this study Rasch methodology was applied to 9 motor scales in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). METHODS Data from all 3 SMA types were provided by research groups for 9 commonly used scales. Rasch methodology assessed the ordering of response option thresholds, tests of fit, spread of item locations, residual correlations, and person separation index. RESULTS Each scale had good reliability. However, several issues impacting scale validity were identified, including the extent that items defined clinically meaningful constructs and how well each scale measured performance across the SMA spectrum. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity and potential utility of each SMA scale as outcome measures for trials could be improved by establishing clear definitions of what is measured, reconsidering items that misfit and items whose response categories have reversed thresholds, and adding new items at the extremes of scale ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Cano
- Clinical Neurology Research Group, Room N13 ITTC Building, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Tamar Science Park, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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96
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Electrophysiological and motor function scale association in a pre-symptomatic infant with spinal muscular atrophy type I. Neuromuscul Disord 2012; 23:112-5. [PMID: 23146148 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A term infant, at familial risk for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), had the diagnosis genetically confirmed on day 3 of life. Clinical evaluation, the CHOP INTEND motor scale and the CMAP amplitude were obtained on days 5 (pre-symptomatic), 20 (mildly weak), 34 (moderately weak) and 63 (severely weak). Palliative care was provided and he expired of an acute pulmonary infection on day 81. The CMAP amplitude and INTEND scores were initially in the normal range, then followed a corresponding decline to a nadir at day 34 and remained so at the 4th assessment. A log-transformed plot of CMAP amplitude from days 5-34 was linear. These data suggest that early motor neuron loss in SMA type I may be logarithmic and demonstrates that the INTEND motor scale closely follows the CMAP electrophysiological biomarker. This single case report supports the consideration that early intervention with a potential therapy is necessary, before the pool of functional motor neurons has plummeted. Further study of these parameters in pre-symptomatic infants with SMA type I will help guide the design of future intervention studies.
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97
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Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord and is caused by mutations of the survival of motor neuron 1 gene SMN1. The severity of spinal muscular atrophy is highly variable and no cure is available at present. Consensus has been reached on several aspects of care, the availability of which can have a substantial effect on prognosis, but controversies remain. The development of standards of care for children with the disorder and the identification of promising treatment strategies have changed the natural history of spinal muscular atrophy, and the prospects are good for further improvements in function, quality of life, and survival. A long-term benefit for patients will be the development of effective interventions (such as antisense oligonucleotides), some of which are in clinical trials. The need to be prepared for clinical trials has been the impetus for a remarkable and unprecedented cooperation between clinicians, scientists, industry, government, and volunteer organisations on an international scale.
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98
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Translating research to practice. Pediatr Phys Ther 2011; 23:321. [PMID: 22090067 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0b013e3182373967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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