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García-Olmo D, Villarejo Campos P, Barambio J, Gomez-Heras SG, Vega-Clemente L, Olmedillas-Lopez S, Guadalajara H, Garcia-Arranz M. Intraperitoneal collagenase as a novel therapeutic approach in an experimental model of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:503. [PMID: 33436728 PMCID: PMC7803982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The usefulness of local collagenase in therapeutic approaches to solid tumors has been tested recently. In this study, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of intraperitoneal collagenase associated or not to mitomycin for treatment of colorectal peritoneal metastases in an experimental rat model. Using a fixed-dose procedure, we found that a dose of collagenase of 37 IU/mL administered for 15 min with a hyperthermia pump at 37.5 °C, both in isolation or associated to sequential treatment with intraperitoneal mitomycin, led to a macroscopic decrease in tumor volume as evaluated by the modified peritoneal cancer index (mPCI). Concerning the safety of the procedure, the animals showed no physiological or behavioral disorders during 8 weeks of follow-up. Local treatment for peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin with intraperitoneal collagenase has proved safe and effective in an experimental murine model. Therefore, the stroma-first approach by enzymatic breakdown of collagen from the tumor's extracellular matrix provides a new therapeutic target for colorectal peritoneal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D García-Olmo
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Villarejo Campos
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Barambio
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Garcia Gomez-Heras
- Department of Human Histology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda de Atenas s/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - L Vega-Clemente
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Olmedillas-Lopez
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Guadalajara
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Garcia-Arranz
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28034, Madrid, Spain
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Bandari SK, Tripathi K, Rangarajan S, Sanderson RD. Therapy-induced chemoexosomes: Sinister small extracellular vesicles that support tumor survival and progression. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:113-119. [PMID: 32858103 PMCID: PMC7685072 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy involves the use of multiple cytotoxic or cytostatic drugs acting by various mechanisms to kill or arrest the growth of cancer cells. Chemotherapy remains the most utilized approach for controlling cancer. Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells activate various pro-survival mechanisms to cope with chemotherapeutic stress. These mechanisms persist during treatment and often help orchestrate tumor regrowth and patient relapse. Exosomes due to their nature of carrying and transferring multiple biologically active components have emerged as key players in cancer pathogenesis. Recent data demonstrates that chemotherapeutic stress enhances the secretion and alters the cargo carried by exosomes. These altered exosomes, which we refer to as chemoexosomes, are capable of transferring cargo to target tumor cells that can enhance their chemoresistance, increase their metastatic behavior and in certain cases even aid in endowing tumor cells with cancer stem cell-like properties. This mini-review summarizes the recent developments in our understanding of the impact chemoexosomes have on tumor survival and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam K Bandari
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor Institute, Room 603, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Kaushlendra Tripathi
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor Institute, Room 603, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sunil Rangarajan
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor Institute, Room 603, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor Institute, Room 603, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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53
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Gensbittel V, Kräter M, Harlepp S, Busnelli I, Guck J, Goetz JG. Mechanical Adaptability of Tumor Cells in Metastasis. Dev Cell 2020; 56:164-179. [PMID: 33238151 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most dangerous aspect of cancer lies in metastatic progression. Tumor cells will successfully form life-threatening metastases when they undergo sequential steps along a journey from the primary tumor to distant organs. From a biomechanics standpoint, growth, invasion, intravasation, circulation, arrest/adhesion, and extravasation of tumor cells demand particular cell-mechanical properties in order to survive and complete the metastatic cascade. With metastatic cells usually being softer than their non-malignant counterparts, high deformability for both the cell and its nucleus is thought to offer a significant advantage for metastatic potential. However, it is still unclear whether there is a finely tuned but fixed mechanical state that accommodates all mechanical features required for survival throughout the cascade or whether tumor cells need to dynamically refine their properties and intracellular components at each new step encountered. Here, we review the various mechanical requirements successful cancer cells might need to fulfill along their journey and speculate on the possibility that they dynamically adapt their properties accordingly. The mechanical signature of a successful cancer cell might actually be its ability to adapt to the successive microenvironmental constraints along the different steps of the journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Gensbittel
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Kräter
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sébastien Harlepp
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Ignacio Busnelli
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.
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54
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Van Zundert I, Fortuni B, Rocha S. From 2D to 3D Cancer Cell Models-The Enigmas of Drug Delivery Research. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2236. [PMID: 33187231 PMCID: PMC7696259 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, research has made impressive breakthroughs towards drug delivery systems, resulting in a wide range of multifunctional engineered nanoparticles with biomedical applications such as cancer therapy. Despite these significant advances, well-designed nanoparticles rarely reach the clinical stage. Promising results obtained in standard 2D cell culture systems often turn into disappointing outcomes in in vivo models. Although the overall majority of in vitro nanoparticle research is still performed on 2D monolayer cultures, more and more researchers started acknowledging the importance of using 3D cell culture systems, as better models for mimicking the in vivo tumor physiology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the 3D cancer cell models currently available. We highlight their potential as a platform for drug delivery studies and pinpoint the challenges associated with their use. We discuss in which way each 3D model mimics the in vivo tumor physiology, how they can or have been used in nanomedicine research and to what extent the results obtained so far affect the progress of nanomedicine development. It is of note that the global scientific output associated with 3D models is limited, showing that the use of these systems in nanomedicine investigation is still highly challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Fortuni
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;
| | - Susana Rocha
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;
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Baghy K, Reszegi A, Tátrai P, Kovalszky I. Decorin in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1272:17-38. [PMID: 32845500 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48457-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a determining role in cancer development through a plethora of interactions between the extracellular matrix and tumor cells. Decorin is a prototype member of the SLRP family found in a variety of tissues and is expressed in the stroma of various forms of cancer. Decorin has gained recognition for its essential roles in inflammation, fibrotic disorders, and cancer, and due to its antitumor properties, it has been proposed to act as a "guardian from the matrix." Initially identified as a natural inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β, soluble decorin is emerging as a pan-RTK inhibitor targeting a multitude of RTKs, including EGFR, Met, IGF-IR, VEGFR2, and PDGFR. Besides initiating signaling, decorin/RTK interaction can induce caveosomal internalization and receptor degradation. Decorin also triggers cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and evokes antimetastatic and antiangiogenic processes. In addition, as a novel regulatory mechanism, decorin was shown to induce conserved catabolic processes, such as endothelial cell autophagy and tumor cell mitophagy. Therefore, decorin is a promising candidate for combatting cancer, especially the cancer types heavily dependent on RTK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Baghy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Reszegi
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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56
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Shao S, Zhao L, An G, Zhang L, Jing X, Luo M, Li W, Meng D, Ning Q, Zhao X, Lei J. Metformin suppresses HIF-1α expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts to prevent tumor-stromal cross talk in breast cancer. FASEB J 2020; 34:10860-10870. [PMID: 32592239 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000951rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial factor in cancer progression. In breast cancer, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the derived stromal components have been recognized as comprising the majority of the pathological structure of the TME. In this study, we show that metformin (Met), a diabetes drug, transforms CAFs in the TME. Met disrupts tumor-stromal cross talk by preventing breast cancer cell transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and the production of stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by CAFs. The suppression of bidirectional signaling between tumor cells and CAFs by Met is attributed to increased phospho-AMP kinase (p-AMPK) levels. By upregulating p-AMPK in CAFs, Met induces prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), leading to the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in CAFs. Moreover, interruption of HIF-1α-driven SDF-1 signaling in CAFs by Met leads to decreased breast cancer cell invasion. These findings suggest that Met may be used to target tumor-promoting signaling between CAFs and breast cancer cells in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gaili An
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Jing
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minna Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Du Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Ning
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinhan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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57
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Angrini M, Varthaman A, Cremer I. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in the Tumor Microenvironment (TME): A Dragon-Like Weapon in a Non-fantasy Game of Thrones. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1263:145-173. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44518-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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58
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Xu K, Wang Z, Copland JA, Chakrabarti R, Florczyk SJ. 3D porous chitosan-chondroitin sulfate scaffolds promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells. Biomaterials 2020; 254:120126. [PMID: 32480094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common cancer in men that is curable prior to metastasis, when its prognosis worsens. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is found in the extracellular matrix of normal prostate tissue and PCa, with greater content in metastatic PCa. Biomaterial scaffolds containing CS have yet to be evaluated for tumor microenvironment applications. Three-dimensional porous chitosan-CS (C-CS) scaffolds were developed and evaluated for PCa culture. Three C-CS scaffold compositions were prepared with 4 w/v% chitosan and 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 w/v% CS and named 4-0.1, 4-0.5, and 4-1, respectively. The C-CS scaffolds had 90-95% porosity, average pore sizes between 143 and 166 μm, and no significant difference in scaffold stiffness. PC-3 and 22Rv1 PCa cells were cultured on the C-CS scaffolds to study the effect of CS on PCa growth and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). All C-CS scaffold compositions supported PCa growth and the 4-1 scaffolds had the greatest cell numbers for both PC-3 and 22Rv1. The C-CS scaffolds promoted upregulated EMT marker expression compared to 2D cultures with the greatest EMT marker expression in 4-1 scaffolds. Increasing CS concentration promoted upregulated vimentin expression in PC-3 cultures and N-cadherin and MMP-2 expression in 22Rv1 cultures. C-CS scaffolds promoted docetaxel drug resistance in PC-3 and 22Rv1 cultures and the 4-1 scaffold cultures had the greatest drug resistance. These results indicate that C-CS scaffolds are a promising in vitro platform for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailei Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816-2455, USA
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816-2455, USA
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ratna Chakrabarti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Stephen J Florczyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816-2455, USA; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.
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Sebastian A, Hum NR, Martin KA, Gilmore SF, Peran I, Byers SW, Wheeler EK, Coleman MA, Loots GG. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Tumor-Derived Fibroblasts and Normal Tissue-Resident Fibroblasts Reveals Fibroblast Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051307. [PMID: 32455670 PMCID: PMC7281266 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a prominent stromal cell type in solid tumors and molecules secreted by CAFs play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. CAFs coexist as heterogeneous populations with potentially different biological functions. Although CAFs are a major component of the breast cancer stroma, molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity of CAFs in breast cancer is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated CAF heterogeneity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) using a syngeneic mouse model, BALB/c-derived 4T1 mammary tumors. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we identified six CAF subpopulations in 4T1 tumors including: 1) myofibroblastic CAFs, enriched for α-smooth muscle actin and several other contractile proteins; 2) ‘inflammatory’ CAFs with elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines; and 3) a CAF subpopulation expressing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II proteins that are generally expressed in antigen-presenting cells. Comparison of 4T1-derived CAFs to CAFs from pancreatic cancer revealed that these three CAF subpopulations exist in both tumor types. Interestingly, cells with inflammatory and MHC class II-expressing CAF profiles were also detected in normal breast/pancreas tissue, suggesting that these phenotypes are not tumor microenvironment-induced. This work enhances our understanding of CAF heterogeneity, and specifically targeting these CAF subpopulations could be an effective therapeutic approach for treating highly aggressive TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimy Sebastian
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (A.S.); (N.R.H.); (K.A.M.); (S.F.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Nicholas R. Hum
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (A.S.); (N.R.H.); (K.A.M.); (S.F.G.); (M.A.C.)
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Kelly A. Martin
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (A.S.); (N.R.H.); (K.A.M.); (S.F.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Sean F. Gilmore
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (A.S.); (N.R.H.); (K.A.M.); (S.F.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Ivana Peran
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (I.P.); (S.W.B.)
| | - Stephen W. Byers
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (I.P.); (S.W.B.)
| | - Elizabeth K. Wheeler
- Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA;
| | - Matthew A. Coleman
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (A.S.); (N.R.H.); (K.A.M.); (S.F.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Gabriela G. Loots
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (A.S.); (N.R.H.); (K.A.M.); (S.F.G.); (M.A.C.)
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-925-423-0923
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Leask A. A centralized communication network: Recent insights into the role of the cancer associated fibroblast in the development of drug resistance in tumors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 101:111-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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61
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Decellularized matrices for tumor cell modeling. Methods Cell Biol 2020. [PMID: 32334714 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Collagen is the main component of the extracellular matrix and it plays a key role in tumor progression. Commercial collagen solutions are derived from animals, such as rat-tail and bovine or porcine skin. Their cost is quite high and the product is stable only at low temperature, with the disadvantage of a short expiring date. Most importantly, lot-to-lot variability can occur and the reconstituted collagen gels differ significantly from native tissues in terms of both structure and stiffness. In this chapter, we describe a straightforward method to use native, collagen rich skin samples derived from by-products of the tanning industry. The protocol proposed preserves the microstructure of the ovine skin collagen network, offering structurally competent and more relevant model to investigate cell behavior in vitro. Other advantages of the proposed procedure consist in the cost-effectiveness of the process and an increased level of reproducibility. The decellularized ovine skin samples support the adhesion and growth of different cancer cell lines (pancreatic, breast and melanoma cells). The proposed decellularized skin scaffolds are meant as future low-cost competitors for conventional porous scaffold derived by biomaterials, since they offer a biomimetic environment for the cells.
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62
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Proteomic Profiles and Biological Processes of Relapsed vs. Non-Relapsed Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062185. [PMID: 32235718 PMCID: PMC7139997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of circulating proteins associated with relapse in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) may help develop predictive biomarkers. We previously identified a set of predictive biomarkers by difference gel electrophoresis. Here we used label-free quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on plasma collected at diagnosis from 12 children (age 12–16 years) with nodular sclerosis HL, including six in whom the disease relapsed within 5 years of treatment in the LH2004 trial. Plasma proteins were pooled in groups of three, separately for non-relapsing and relapsing HL, and differentially abundant proteins between the two disease states were identified by LC-MS/MS in an explorative and validation design. Proteins with a fold change in abundance >1.2 or ≤0.8 were considered “differentially abundant”. LC-MS/MS identified 60 and 32 proteins that were more abundant in non-relapsing and relapsing HL plasma, respectively, in the explorative phase; these numbers were 39 and 34 in the validation phase. In both analyses, 11 proteins were more abundant in non-relapsing HL (e.g., angiotensinogen, serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1, transthyretin), including two previously identified by difference gel electrophoresis (antithrombin III and α-1-antitrypsin); seven proteins were more abundant in relapsing HL (e.g., fibronectin and thrombospondin-1), including two previously identified proteins (fibrinogen β and γ chains). The differentially abundant proteins participated in numerous biological processes, which were manually grouped into 10 biological classes and 11 biological regulatory subclasses. The biological class Lipid metabolism, and its regulatory subclass, included angiotensinogen and serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (more abundant in non-relapsing HL). The biological classes Immune system and Cell and extracellular matrix architecture included fibronectin and thrombospondin-1 (more abundant in relapsing HL). These findings deepen our understanding of the molecular scenario underlying responses to therapy and provide new evidence about these proteins as possible biomarkers of relapse in pediatric HL.
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63
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Fernández-Nogueira P, Mancino M, Fuster G, Bragado P, Prats de Puig M, Gascón P, Casado FJ, Carbó N. Breast Mammographic Density: Stromal Implications on Breast Cancer Detection and Therapy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030776. [PMID: 32178425 PMCID: PMC7141321 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidences state clear that both normal development of breast tissue as well as its malignant progression need many-sided local and systemic communications between epithelial cells and stromal components. During development, the stroma, through remarkably regulated contextual signals, affects the fate of the different mammary cells regarding their specification and differentiation. Likewise, the stroma can generate tumour environments that facilitate the neoplastic growth of the breast carcinoma. Mammographic density has been described as a risk factor in the development of breast cancer and is ascribed to modifications in the composition of breast tissue, including both stromal and glandular compartments. Thus, stroma composition can dramatically affect the progression of breast cancer but also its early detection since it is mainly responsible for the differences in mammographic density among individuals. This review highlights both the pathological and biological evidences for a pivotal role of the breast stroma in mammographic density, with particular emphasis on dense and malignant stromas, their clinical meaning and potential therapeutic implications for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fernández-Nogueira
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Augustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.F.-N.); (M.M.)
| | - Mario Mancino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.F.-N.); (M.M.)
| | - Gemma Fuster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry & Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Vic, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Prats de Puig
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Breast Committee, Hospital El Pilar, Quirón salud Group, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Gascón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology and Multidisciplinary Knowledge, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Casado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Carbó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Sorrin AJ, Ruhi MK, Ferlic NA, Karimnia V, Polacheck WJ, Celli JP, Huang HC, Rizvi I. Photodynamic Therapy and the Biophysics of the Tumor Microenvironment. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:232-259. [PMID: 31895481 PMCID: PMC7138751 DOI: 10.1111/php.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) provides opportunities to modulate tumor physiology, enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents, impact immune response and overcome resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemistry-based, nonthermal modality that produces reactive molecular species at the site of light activation and is in the clinic for nononcologic and oncologic applications. The unique mechanisms and exquisite spatiotemporal control inherent to PDT enable selective modulation or destruction of the TME and cancer cells. Mechanical stress plays an important role in tumor growth and survival, with increasing implications for therapy design and drug delivery, but remains understudied in the context of PDT and PDT-based combinations. This review describes pharmacoengineering and bioengineering approaches in PDT to target cellular and noncellular components of the TME, as well as molecular targets on tumor and tumor-associated cells. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of mechanical stress in the context of targeted PDT regimens, and combinations, for primary and metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Sorrin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Ferlic
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Vida Karimnia
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - William J. Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Celli
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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65
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Pattern of expression of immune- and stroma-associated genes in blood of mice with experimental B16 melanoma. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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66
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Deligne C, Murdamoothoo D, Gammage AN, Gschwandtner M, Erne W, Loustau T, Marzeda AM, Carapito R, Paul N, Velazquez-Quesada I, Mazzier I, Sun Z, Orend G, Midwood KS. Matrix-Targeting Immunotherapy Controls Tumor Growth and Spread by Switching Macrophage Phenotype. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:368-382. [PMID: 31941671 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between cancer cells and immune cells is a key determinant of tumor survival. Here, we uncovered how tumors exploit the immunomodulatory properties of the extracellular matrix to create a microenvironment that enables their escape from immune surveillance. Using orthotopic grafting of mammary tumor cells in immunocompetent mice and autochthonous models of breast cancer, we discovered how tenascin-C, a matrix molecule absent from most healthy adult tissues but expressed at high levels and associated with poor patient prognosis in many solid cancers, controls the immune status of the tumor microenvironment. We found that, although host-derived tenascin-C promoted immunity via recruitment of proinflammatory, antitumoral macrophages, tumor-derived tenascin-C subverted host defense by polarizing tumor-associated macrophages toward a pathogenic, immune-suppressive phenotype. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that blocked tenascin-C activation of Toll-like receptor 4 reversed this phenotypic switch in vitro and reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo, providing enhanced benefit in combination with anti-PD-L1 over either treatment alone. Combined tenascin-C:macrophage gene-expression signatures delineated a significant survival benefit in people with breast cancer. These data revealed a new approach to targeting tumor-specific macrophage polarization that may be effective in controlling the growth and spread of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Deligne
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Devadarssen Murdamoothoo
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U1109, MN3T and The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anís N Gammage
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martha Gschwandtner
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William Erne
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U1109, MN3T and The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Loustau
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U1109, MN3T and The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anna M Marzeda
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Carapito
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, GENOMAX platform, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicodème Paul
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, GENOMAX platform, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Inés Velazquez-Quesada
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U1109, MN3T and The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Imogen Mazzier
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Sun
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U1109, MN3T and The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Gertraud Orend
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U1109, MN3T and The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Kim S Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Abyaneh HS, Regenold M, McKee TD, Allen C, Gauthier MA. Towards extracellular matrix normalization for improved treatment of solid tumors. Theranostics 2020; 10:1960-1980. [PMID: 32042347 PMCID: PMC6993244 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently challenging to eradicate cancer. In the case of solid tumors, the dense and aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major contributor to the heterogeneous distribution of small molecule drugs and nano-formulations, which makes certain areas of the tumor difficult to treat. As such, much research is devoted to characterizing this matrix and devising strategies to modify its properties as a means to facilitate the improved penetration of drugs and their nano-formulations. This contribution presents the current state of knowledge on the composition of normal ECM and changes to ECM that occur during the pathological progression of cancer. It also includes discussion of strategies designed to modify the composition/properties of the ECM as a means to enhance the penetration and transport of drugs and nano-formulations within solid tumors. Moreover, a discussion of approaches to image the ECM, as well as ways to monitor changes in the ECM as a function of time are presented, as these are important for the implementation of ECM-modifying strategies within therapeutic interventions. Overall, considering the complexity of the ECM, its variability within different tissues, and the multiple pathways by which homeostasis is maintained (both in normal and malignant tissues), the available literature - while promising - suggests that improved monitoring of ECM remodeling in vivo is needed to harness the described strategies to their full potential, and match them with an appropriate chemotherapy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Soleymani Abyaneh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1S2, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Maximilian Regenold
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Trevor D. McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street Room 7-504, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Marc A. Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1S2, Canada
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68
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Bhattacharya U, Gutter-Kapon L, Kan T, Boyango I, Barash U, Yang SM, Liu J, Gross-Cohen M, Sanderson RD, Shaked Y, Ilan N, Vlodavsky I. Heparanase and Chemotherapy Synergize to Drive Macrophage Activation and Enhance Tumor Growth. Cancer Res 2020; 80:57-68. [PMID: 31690669 PMCID: PMC6942624 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The emerging role of heparanase in tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance is well recognized, encouraging the development of heparanase inhibitors as anticancer drugs. Unlike the function of heparanase in cancer cells, little attention has been given to heparanase contributed by cells composing the tumor microenvironment. Here, we focused on the cross-talk between macrophages, chemotherapy, and heparanase and the combined effect on tumor progression. Macrophages were markedly activated by chemotherapeutics paclitaxel and cisplatin, evidenced by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, supporting recent studies indicating that chemotherapy may promote rather than suppress tumor regrowth and spread. Strikingly, cytokine induction by chemotherapy was not observed in macrophages isolated from heparanase-knockout mice, suggesting macrophage activation by chemotherapy is heparanase dependent. paclitaxel-treated macrophages enhanced the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma tumors that was attenuated by a CXCR2 inhibitor. Mechanistically, paclitaxel and cisplatin activated methylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4) in wild-type but not in heparanase-knockout macrophages. Furthermore, the H3K4 presenter WDR5 functioned as a molecular determinant that mediated cytokine induction by paclitaxel. This epigenetic, heparanase-dependent host-response mechanism adds a new perspective to the tumor-promoting functions of chemotherapy, and offers new treatment modalities to optimize chemotherapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: Chemotherapy-treated macrophages are activated to produce proinflammatory cytokines, which are blunted in the absence of heparanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayan Bhattacharya
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lilach Gutter-Kapon
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Kan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilanit Boyango
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - JingJing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miriam Gross-Cohen
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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69
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Liu T, Zhou L, Yang K, Iwasawa K, Kadekaro AL, Takebe T, Andl T, Zhang Y. The β-catenin/YAP signaling axis is a key regulator of melanoma-associated fibroblasts. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:63. [PMID: 31885878 PMCID: PMC6928146 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
β-catenin is a multifunctional protein that plays crucial roles in embryonic development, physiological homeostasis, and a wide variety of human cancers. Previously, we showed that in vivo targeted ablation of β-catenin in melanoma-associated fibroblasts after melanoma formation significantly suppressed tumor growth. However, when the expression of β-catenin was ablated in melanoma-associated fibroblasts before tumor initiation, melanoma development was surprisingly accelerated. How stromal β-catenin deficiency leads to opposite biological effects in melanoma progression is not completely understood. Here, we report that β-catenin is indispensable for the activation of primary human stromal fibroblasts and the mediation of fibroblast-melanoma cell interactions. Using coimmunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays, we identified Yes-associated protein (YAP) as an important β-catenin-interacting partner in stromal fibroblasts. YAP is highly expressed in the nuclei of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in both human and murine melanomas. Mechanistic investigation revealed that YAP nuclear translocation is significantly modulated by Wnt/β-catenin activity in fibroblasts. Blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling in stromal fibroblasts inhibited YAP nuclear translocation. In the absence of YAP, the ability of stromal fibroblasts to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) was inhibited, which is consistent with the phenotype observed in cells with β-catenin deficiency. Further studies showed that the expression of ECM proteins and enzymes required for remodeling the ECM was suppressed in stromal fibroblasts after YAP ablation. Collectively, our data provide a new paradigm in which the β-catenin-YAP signaling axis regulates the activation and tumor-promoting function of stromal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Linli Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Kentaro Iwasawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039 USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039 USA
| | - Ana Luisa Kadekaro
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039 USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039 USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039 USA
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 Japan
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
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70
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Fernández-Nogueira P, Mancino M, Fuster G, López-Plana A, Jauregui P, Almendro V, Enreig E, Menéndez S, Rojo F, Noguera-Castells A, Bill A, Gaither LA, Serrano L, Recalde-Percaz L, Moragas N, Alonso R, Ametller E, Rovira A, Lluch A, Albanell J, Gascon P, Bragado P. Tumor-Associated Fibroblasts Promote HER2-Targeted Therapy Resistance through FGFR2 Activation. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:1432-1448. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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71
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Raghunathan R, Sethi MK, Klein JA, Zaia J. Proteomics, Glycomics, and Glycoproteomics of Matrisome Molecules. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2138-2148. [PMID: 31471497 PMCID: PMC6823855 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r119.001543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The most straightforward applications of proteomics database searching involve intracellular proteins. Although intracellular gene products number in the thousands, their well-defined post-translational modifications (PTMs) makes database searching practical. By contrast, cell surface and extracellular matrisome proteins pass through the secretory pathway where many become glycosylated, modulating their physicochemical properties, adhesive interactions, and diversifying their functions. Although matrisome proteins number only a few hundred, their high degree of complex glycosylation multiplies the number of theoretical proteoforms by orders of magnitude. Given that extracellular networks that mediate cell-cell and cell-pathogen interactions in physiology depend on glycosylation, it is important to characterize the proteomes, glycomes, and glycoproteomes of matrisome molecules that exist in a given biological context. In this review, we summarize proteomics approaches for characterizing matrisome molecules, with an emphasis on applications to brain diseases. We demonstrate the availability of methods that should greatly increase the availability of information on matrisome molecular structure associated with health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Raghunathan
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218
| | - Manveen K Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218
| | - Joshua A Klein
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218.
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72
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Kim H, Ishibashi K, Okada T, Nakamura C. Mechanical Property Changes in Breast Cancer Cells Induced by Stimulation with Macrophage Secretions in Vitro. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E738. [PMID: 31671643 PMCID: PMC6915679 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of secretions from tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-like cells to the stimulation of mechanical property changes in murine breast cancer cells was studied using an in vitro model system. A murine breast cancer cell line (FP10SC2) was stimulated by adding macrophage (J774.2) cultivation medium containing stimulation molecules secreted from the macrophages, and changes in mechanical properties were compared before and after stimulation. As a result, cell elasticity decreased, degradation ability of the extracellular matrix increased, and the expression of plakoglobin was upregulated. These results indicate that cancer cell malignancy is upregulated by this stimulation. Moreover, changes in intercellular adhesion strengths between pairs of cancer cells were measured before and after stimulation using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The maximum force required to separate cells was increased by stimulation with the secreted factors. These results indicate the possibility that TAMs cause changes in the mechanical properties of cancer cells in tumor microenvironments, and in vitro measurements of mechanical property changes in cancer cells will be useful to study interactions between cells in tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyonchol Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Kenta Ishibashi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Okada
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Chikashi Nakamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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73
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Tsang M, Quesnel K, Vincent K, Hutchenreuther J, Postovit LM, Leask A. Insights into Fibroblast Plasticity: Cellular Communication Network 2 Is Required for Activation of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in a Murine Model of Melanoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:206-221. [PMID: 31610176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor stroma resembles a fibrotic microenvironment, being characterized by the presence of myofibroblast-like cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In wild-type mice injected with melanoma cells, we show that the stem cell transcription factor Sox2 is expressed by tumor cells and induced in CAFs derived from synthetic fibroblasts. These fibroblasts were labeled postnatally with green fluorescent protein using mice expressing a tamoxifen-dependent Cre recombinase under the control of a fibroblast-specific promoter/enhancer. Conversely, fibroblast activation was impaired in mice with a fibroblast-specific deletion of cellular communication network 2 (Ccn2), associated with reduced expression of α-smooth muscle actin and Sox2. Multipotent Sox2-expressing skin-derived precursor (SKP) spheroids were cultured from murine back skin. Using lineage tracing and flow cytometry, approximately 40% of SKPs were found to be derived from type I collagen-lineage cells and acquired multipotency in culture. Inhibition of mechanotransduction pathways prevented myofibroblast differentiation of SKPs and expression of Ccn2. In SKPs deleted for Ccn2, differentiation into a myofibroblast, but not an adipocyte or neuronal phenotype, was also impaired. In human melanoma, CCN2 expression was associated with a profibrotic integrin alpha (ITGA) 11-expressing subset of CAFs that negatively associated with survival. These results suggest that synthetic dermal fibroblasts are plastic, and that CCN2 is required for the differentiation of dermal progenitor cells into a myofibroblast/CAF phenotype and is, therefore, a therapeutic target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tsang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine Quesnel
- Department of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista Vincent
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Hutchenreuther
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Leask
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Watabe T, Liu Y, Kaneda-Nakashima K, Shirakami Y, Lindner T, Ooe K, Toyoshima A, Nagata K, Shimosegawa E, Haberkorn U, Kratochwil C, Shinohara A, Giesel F, Hatazawa J. Theranostics Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein in the Tumor Stroma: 64Cu- and 225Ac-Labeled FAPI-04 in Pancreatic Cancer Xenograft Mouse Models. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:563-569. [PMID: 31586001 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.233122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which promotes tumor growth and progression, is overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts of many human epithelial cancers. Because of its low expression in normal organs, FAP is an excellent target for theranostics. In this study, we used radionuclides with relatively long half-lives, 64Cu (half-life, 12.7 h) and 225Ac (half-life, 10 d), to label FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) in mice with human pancreatic cancer xenografts. Methods: Male nude mice (body weight, 22.5 ± 1.2 g) were subcutaneously injected with human pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1, n = 12; MIA PaCa-2, n = 8). Tumor xenograft mice were investigated after the intravenous injection of 64Cu-FAPI-04 (7.21 ± 0.46 MBq) by dynamic and delayed PET scans (2.5 h after injection). Static scans 1 h after the injection of 68Ga-FAPI-04 (3.6 ± 1.4 MBq) were also acquired for comparisons using the same cohort of mice (n = 8). Immunohistochemical staining was performed to confirm FAP expression in tumor xenografts using an FAP-α-antibody. For radioligand therapy, 225Ac-FAPI-04 (34 kBq) was injected into PANC-1 xenograft mice (n = 6). Tumor size was monitored and compared with that of control mice (n = 6). Results: Dynamic imaging of 64Cu-FAPI-04 showed rapid clearance through the kidneys and slow washout from tumors. Delayed PET imaging of 64Cu-FAPI-04 showed mild uptake in tumors and relatively high uptake in the liver and intestine. Accumulation levels in the tumor or normal organs were significantly higher for 64Cu-FAPI-04 than for 68Ga-FAPI-04, except in the heart, and excretion in the urine was higher for 68Ga-FAPI-04 than for 64Cu-FAPI-04. Immunohistochemical staining revealed abundant FAP expression in the stroma of xenografts. 225Ac-FAPI-04 injection showed significant tumor growth suppression in the PANC-1 xenograft mice, compared with the control mice, without a significant change in body weight. Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study showed that 64Cu-FAPI-04 and 225Ac-FAPI-04 could be used in theranostics for the treatment of FAP-expressing pancreatic cancer. α-therapy targeting FAP in the cancer stroma is effective and will contribute to the development of a new treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan .,Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Thomas Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kazuhiro Ooe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoshima
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kojiro Nagata
- Radioisotope Research Center, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit of Nuclear Medicine, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kratochwil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Atsushi Shinohara
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Frederik Giesel
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Sonkar K, Ayyappan V, Tressler CM, Adelaja O, Cai R, Cheng M, Glunde K. Focus on the glycerophosphocholine pathway in choline phospholipid metabolism of cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4112. [PMID: 31184789 PMCID: PMC6803034 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Activated choline metabolism is a hallmark of carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which leads to elevated levels of phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine in all types of cancer tested so far. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications have played a key role in detecting these elevated choline phospholipid metabolites. To date, the majority of cancer-related studies have focused on phosphocholine and the Kennedy pathway, which constitutes the biosynthesis pathway for membrane phosphatidylcholine. Fewer and more recent studies have reported on the importance of glycerophosphocholine in cancer. In this review article, we summarize the recent literature on glycerophosphocholine metabolism with respect to its cancer biology and its detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Sonkar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Tressler
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oluwatobi Adelaja
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruoqing Cai
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Menglin Cheng
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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76
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Burgos-Panadero R, Lucantoni F, Gamero-Sandemetrio E, Cruz-Merino LDL, Álvaro T, Noguera R. The tumour microenvironment as an integrated framework to understand cancer biology. Cancer Lett 2019; 461:112-122. [PMID: 31325528 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells all share the feature of being immersed in a complex environment with altered cell-cell/cell-extracellular element communication, physicochemical information, and tissue functions. The so-called tumour microenvironment (TME) is becoming recognised as a key factor in the genesis, progression and treatment of cancer lesions. Beyond genetic mutations, the existence of a malignant microenvironment forms the basis for a new perspective in cancer biology where connections at the system level are fundamental. From this standpoint, different aspects of tumour lesions such as morphology, aggressiveness, prognosis and treatment response can be considered under an integrated vision, giving rise to a new field of study and clinical management. Nowadays, somatic mutation theory is complemented with study of TME components such as the extracellular matrix, immune compartment, stromal cells, metabolism and biophysical forces. In this review we examine recent studies in this area and complement them with our own research data to propose a classification of stromal changes. Exploring these avenues and gaining insight into malignant phenotype remodelling, could reveal better ways to characterize this disease and its potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Burgos-Panadero
- Departament of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Lucantoni
- Departament of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Gamero-Sandemetrio
- Departament of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tomás Álvaro
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Departament of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
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77
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Revisiting the hallmarks of cancer: The role of hyaluronan. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:9-19. [PMID: 31319162 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of macromolecules such as proteoglycans (PGs), glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and fibrous proteins present within all tissues and organs. The main role of ECM is not only to provide an essential mechanical scaffold for the cells but also to mediate crucial biochemical cues that are required for tissue homeostasis. Dysregulations in ECM deposition alter cell microenvironment, triggering the onset or the rapid progression of several diseases, including cancer. Hyaluronan (HA) is a ubiquitous component of ECM considered as one of the main players of cancer initiation and progression. This review discusses how HA participate in and regulate several aspects of tumorigenesis, with particular attention to the hallmarks of cancer proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg such as sustaining of the proliferative signaling, evasion of apoptosis, angiogenesis, activation of invasion and metastases, reprogramming of energy metabolism and evasion of immune response.
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78
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Mandel J, Wang H, Normolle DP, Chen W, Yan Q, Lucas PC, Benos PV, Prochownik EV. Expression patterns of small numbers of transcripts from functionally-related pathways predict survival in multiple cancers. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:686. [PMID: 31299925 PMCID: PMC6626418 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic profiling of cancers for variations in copy number, structure or expression of certain genes has improved diagnosis, risk-stratification and therapeutic decision-making. However the tumor-restricted nature of these changes limits their application to certain cancer types or sub-types. Tests with broader prognostic capabilities are lacking. METHODS Using RNAseq data from 10,227 tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we evaluated 212 protein-coding transcripts from 12 cancer-related pathways. We employed t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) to identify expression pattern difference among each pathway's transcripts. We have previously used t-SNE to show that survival in some cancers correlates with expression patterns of transcripts encoding ribosomal proteins and enzymes for cholesterol biosynthesis and fatty acid oxidation. RESULTS Using the above 212 transcripts, t-SNE-assisted transcript pattern profiling identified patient cohorts with significant survival differences in 30 of 34 different cancer types comprising 9350 tumors (91.4% of all TCGA cases). Small subsets of each pathway's transcripts, comprising no more than 50-60 from the original group, played particularly prominent roles in determining overall t-SNE patterns. In several cases, further refinements in long-term survival could be achieved by sequential t-SNE profiling with two pathways' transcripts, by a combination of t-SNE plus whole transcriptome profiling or by employing t-SNE on immuno-histochemically defined breast cancer subtypes. In two cancer types, individuals with Stage IV disease at presentation could be readily subdivided into groups with highly significant survival differences based on t-SNE-based tumor sub-classification. CONCLUSIONS t-SNE-assisted profiling of a small number of transcripts allows the prediction of long-term survival across multiple cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Mandel
- The Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Rangos Research Center, Fl. 5, Bay 8, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - Huabo Wang
- The Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Rangos Research Center, Fl. 5, Bay 8, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - Daniel P. Normolle
- The Department of Biostatistics and The University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
- The Hillman Cancer Center of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC, 5150 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
| | - Wei Chen
- The Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - Qi Yan
- The Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - Peter C. Lucas
- The Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Rangos Research Center, Fl. 5, Bay 8, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
- The Hillman Cancer Center of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC, 5150 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
- The Department of Pathology, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, S-417 BST 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Panayiotis V. Benos
- The Department of Computational and Systems Biology, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3501 Fifth Avenue, 3064 BST3, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5607 Baum Blvd, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 USA
- The Joint Carnegie Mellon-University of Pittsburgh Program in Computational Biology, 3501 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
- The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, S414 Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - Edward V. Prochownik
- The Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Rangos Research Center, Fl. 5, Bay 8, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
- The Hillman Cancer Center of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC, 5150 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
- The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, S414 Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, 450 Technology Dr. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Rangos Research Center, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
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Al-Akra L, Bae DH, Leck LYW, Richardson DR, Jansson PJ. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the role of tumor micro-environment stress in development of drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1390-1397. [PMID: 31202693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer and it continues to be a challenge in cancer treatment. Moreover, the tumor micro-environment is essential to the formation of drug resistant cancers. Recent evidence indicates that the tumor micro-environment is a critical regulator of cancer progression, distant metastasis and acquired resistance of tumors to various therapies. Despite significant advances in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the development of therapeutic resistance leads to reduced drug efficacy. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review highlights mechanistic aspects of the biochemistry of the tumor micro-enviroment, such as the hypoglycaemia, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypoxia and their effects in propagating MDR. This is achieved through: (A) increased survival via autophagy and failure of apoptosis; (B) altered metabolic processing; and (C) reduction in drug delivery and uptake or increased drug efflux. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The development of MDR in cancer has been demonstrated to be majorly influenced by naturally occurring stressors within the tumor micro-environment, as well as chemotherapeutics. Thus, the tumor micro-environment is currently emerging as a major focus of research which needs to be carefully addressed before cancer can be successfully treated. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Elucidating the biochemical mechanisms which promote MDR is essential in development of effective therapeutics that can overcome these acquired defences in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Al-Akra
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Dong-Hun Bae
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lionel Y W Leck
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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80
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Polyphenols as Immunomodulatory Compounds in the Tumor Microenvironment: Friends or Foes? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071714. [PMID: 30959898 PMCID: PMC6479528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural antioxidant compounds ubiquitously found in plants and, thus, ever present in human nutrition (tea, wine, chocolate, fruits and vegetables are typical examples of polyphenol-rich foods). Widespread evidence indicate that polyphenols exert strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities, and thus, they are generally regarded to as all-purpose beneficial nutraceuticals or supplements whose use can only have a positive influence on the body. A closer look to the large body of results of years of investigations, however, present a more complex scenario where polyphenols exert different and, sometimes, paradoxical effects depending on dose, target system and cell type and the biological status of the target cell. Particularly, the immunomodulatory potential of polyphenols presents two opposite faces to researchers trying to evaluate their usability in future cancer therapies: on one hand, these compounds could be beneficial suppressors of peri-tumoral inflammation that fuels cancer growth. On the other hand, they might suppress immunotherapeutic approaches and give rise to immunosuppressive cell clones that, in turn, would aid tumor growth and dissemination. In this review, we summarize knowledge of the immunomodulatory effects of polyphenols with a particular focus on cancer microenvironment and immunotherapy, highlighting conceptual pitfalls and delicate cell-specific effects in order to aid the design of future therapies involving polyphenols as chemoadjuvants.
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81
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Tumor Extracellular Matrix Remodeling: New Perspectives as a Circulating Tool in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Solid Tumors. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020081. [PMID: 30678058 PMCID: PMC6406979 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that cancer cells and the local microenvironment are crucial in the development and progression of tumors. One of the major components of the tumor microenvironment is the extracellular matrix (ECM), which comprises a complex mixture of components, including proteins, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and polysaccharides. In addition to providing structural and biochemical support to tumor tissue, the ECM undergoes remodeling that alters the biochemical and mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment and contributes to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. A novel concept has emerged, in which tumor-driven ECM remodeling affects the release of ECM components into peripheral blood, the levels of which are potential diagnostic or prognostic markers for tumors. This review discusses the most recent evidence on ECM remodeling-derived signals that are detectable in the bloodstream, as new early diagnostic and risk prediction tools for the most frequent solid cancers.
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82
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Manou D, Caon I, Bouris P, Triantaphyllidou IE, Giaroni C, Passi A, Karamanos NK, Vigetti D, Theocharis AD. The Complex Interplay Between Extracellular Matrix and Cells in Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1952:1-20. [PMID: 30825161 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9133-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) maintains the structural integrity of tissues and regulates cell and tissue functions. ECM is comprised of fibrillar proteins, proteoglycans (PGs), glycosaminoglycans, and glycoproteins, creating a heterogeneous but well-orchestrated network. This network communicates with resident cells via cell-surface receptors. In particular, integrins, CD44, discoidin domain receptors, and cell-surface PGs and additionally voltage-gated ion channels can interact with ECM components, regulating signaling cascades as well as cytoskeleton configuration. The interplay of ECM with recipient cells is enriched by the extracellular vesicles, as they accommodate ECM, signaling, and cytoskeleton molecules in their cargo. Along with the numerous biological properties that ECM can modify, autophagy and angiogenesis, which are critical for tissue homeostasis, are included. Throughout development and disease onset and progression, ECM endures rearrangement to fulfill cellular requirements. The main responsible molecules for tissue remodeling are ECM-degrading enzymes including matrix metalloproteinases, plasminogen activators, cathepsins, and hyaluronidases, which can modify the ECM structure and function in a dynamic mode. A brief summary of the complex interplay between ECM macromolecules and cells in tissues and the contribution of ECM in tissue homeostasis and diseases is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Manou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ilaria Caon
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Bouris
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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Prevarskaya N, Skryma R, Shuba Y. Ion Channels in Cancer: Are Cancer Hallmarks Oncochannelopathies? Physiol Rev 2018; 98:559-621. [PMID: 29412049 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00044.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a primary cause and fundamental feature of human cancer. However, all cancer cell genotypes generally translate into several common pathophysiological features, often referred to as cancer hallmarks. Although nowadays the catalog of cancer hallmarks is quite broad, the most common and obvious of them are 1) uncontrolled proliferation, 2) resistance to programmed cell death (apoptosis), 3) tissue invasion and metastasis, and 4) sustained angiogenesis. Among the genes affected by cancer, those encoding ion channels are present. Membrane proteins responsible for signaling within cell and among cells, for coupling of extracellular events with intracellular responses, and for maintaining intracellular ionic homeostasis ion channels contribute to various extents to pathophysiological features of each cancer hallmark. Moreover, tight association of these hallmarks with ion channel dysfunction gives a good reason to classify them as special type of channelopathies, namely oncochannelopathies. Although the relation of cancer hallmarks to ion channel dysfunction differs from classical definition of channelopathies, as disease states causally linked with inherited mutations of ion channel genes that alter channel's biophysical properties, in a broader context of the disease state, to which pathogenesis ion channels essentially contribute, such classification seems absolutely appropriate. In this review the authors provide arguments to substantiate such point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prevarskaya
- INSERM U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer et LABEX, Université Lille1 , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France ; Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and International Center of Molecular Physiology, NASU, Kyiv-24, Ukraine
| | - Roman Skryma
- INSERM U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer et LABEX, Université Lille1 , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France ; Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and International Center of Molecular Physiology, NASU, Kyiv-24, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Shuba
- INSERM U-1003, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer et LABEX, Université Lille1 , Villeneuve d'Ascq , France ; Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and International Center of Molecular Physiology, NASU, Kyiv-24, Ukraine
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84
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Dong Z, Wang J, Zhan T, Xu S. Identification of prognostic risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma using bioinformatics analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4327-4337. [PMID: 30100738 PMCID: PMC6065599 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the most common type of esophageal cancer in Western countries. It is usually detected at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify key genes and miRNAs in EAC. Methods The mRNA microarray data sets GSE1420, GSE26886, and GSE92396 and miRNA data set GSE16456 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were obtained using R software. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using the DAVID database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and functional modules were established using the STRING database and visualized by Cytoscape. The targets of the DEMs were predicted using the miRecords database, and overlapping genes between DEGs and targets were identified. The prognosis-related overlapping genes were identified using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differential expression of these prognosis-related genes was validated using the expression matrix in the TCGA database. Results Seven hundred and fifteen DEGs were obtained, consisting of 313 upregulated and 402 downregulated genes. The PPI network consisted of 281 nodes; 683 edges were constructed and 3 functional modules were established. Forty-four overlapping genes and 56 miRNA- mRNA pairs were identified. Five genes, FAM46A, RAB15, SLC20A1, IL1A, and ACSL1, were associated with overall survival or relapse-free survival. FAM46A and IL1A were found to be independent prognostic indicators for overall survival, and FAM46A, RAB15, and SLC20A1 were considered independent prognostic indicators for relapse-free survival. Among them, the overexpression of RAB15 and SLC20A1 and lower expression of ACSL1 were also identified in EAC tissues based on the expression matrix in the TCGA database. Conclusion These prognosis-related genes and differentially expressed miRNA have provided potential biomarkers for EAC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Shuchang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
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Socovich AM, Naba A. The cancer matrisome: From comprehensive characterization to biomarker discovery. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 89:157-166. [PMID: 29964200 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor progression and dissemination critically depend on support from the tumor microenvironment, the ensemble of cellular and acellular components surrounding and interacting with tumor cells. The extracellular matrix (ECM), the complex scaffolding of hundreds of proteins organizing cells in tissues, is a major component of the tumor microenvironment. It orchestrates cellular processes including proliferation, migration, and invasion, that are highly dysregulated during cancer progression. Alterations in ECM abundance, integrity, and mechanical properties have been correlated with poorer prognosis for cancer patients. Yet the ECM proteome, or "matrisome," of tumors remained until recently largely unexplored. This review will present the recent developments in computational and proteomic technologies that have allowed the comprehensive characterization of the ECM of different tumor types and microenvironmental niches. These approaches have resulted in the definition of protein signatures distinguishing tumors from normal tissues, tumors of different stages, primary from secondary tumors, and tumors from other diseased states such as fibrosis. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that the levels of expression of certain genes encoding ECM and ECM-associated proteins is prognostic of cancer patient survival and can thus serve as biomarkers. Last, proteomic studies have permitted the identification of novel ECM proteins playing functional roles in cancer progression. Such proteins have the potential to be exploited as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Socovich
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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86
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Zhao J, Shi L, Zeng S, Ma C, Xu W, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Zhang P, Sun Y, Xu C. Importin-11 overexpression promotes the migration, invasion, and progression of bladder cancer associated with the deregulation of CDKN1A and THBS1. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:311.e1-311.e13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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87
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McCarthy JB, El-Ashry D, Turley EA. Hyaluronan, Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and the Tumor Microenvironment in Malignant Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:48. [PMID: 29868579 PMCID: PMC5951929 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the roles of CAFs in forming a “cancerized” fibrotic stroma favorable to tumor initiation and dissemination, in particular highlighting the functions of the extracellular matrix component hyaluronan (HA) in these processes. The structural complexity of the tumor and its host microenvironment is now well appreciated to be an important contributing factor to malignant progression and resistance-to-therapy. There are multiple components of this complexity, which include an extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and associated biomechanical changes in tumor stroma. Tumor stroma is often fibrotic and rich in fibrillar type I collagen and hyaluronan (HA). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major source of this fibrotic ECM. CAFs organize collagen fibrils and these biomechanical alterations provide highways for invading carcinoma cells either under the guidance of CAFs or following their epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The increased HA metabolism of a tumor microenvironment instructs carcinoma initiation and dissemination by performing multiple functions. The key effects of HA reviewed here are its role in activating CAFs in pre-malignant and malignant stroma, and facilitating invasion by promoting motility of both CAFs and tumor cells, thus facilitating their invasion. Circulating CAFs (cCAFs) also form heterotypic clusters with circulating tumor cells (CTC), which are considered to be pre-cursors of metastatic colonies. cCAFs are likely required for extravasation of tumors cells and to form a metastatic niche suitable for new tumor colony growth. Therapeutic interventions designed to target both HA and CAFs in order to limit tumor spread and increase response to current therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Dorraya El-Ashry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Eva A Turley
- London Regional Cancer Program, Department of Oncology, Biochemistry and Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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88
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Bowden DL, Sutton PA, Wall MA, Jithesh PV, Jenkins RE, Palmer DH, Goldring CE, Parsons JL, Park BK, Kitteringham NR, Vimalachandran D. Proteomic profiling of rectal cancer reveals acid ceramidase is implicated in radiation response. J Proteomics 2018. [PMID: 29518574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is used in locally advanced rectal cancer when tumours threaten the circumferential resection margin, with varying response to treatment. This experimental study aimed to identify significantly differentially expressed proteins between patients responding and not responding to CRT, and to validate any proteins of interest. METHODS Mass spectrometry (with isobaric tagging for relative quantification) analysis of rectal cancers pre- and post-CRT, and at resection. Validation of proteins of interest was performed by assessing tissue microarray (TMA) immunohistochemistry expression in a further 111 patients with rectal cancer. RESULTS Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD008436. Reduced abundance of contributing peptide ions for acid ceramidase (AC) (log fold change -1.526, p = 1.17E-02) was observed in CRT responders. Differential expression of AC was confirmed upon analysis of the TMAs. Cancer site expression of AC in stromal cells from post-CRT resection specimens was observed to be relatively low in pathological complete response (p = 0.003), and relatively high with no response to CRT (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION AC may be implicated in the response of rectal cancer to CRT. We propose its further assessment as a novel potential biomarker and therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE There is a need for biomarkers to guide the use of chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer, as none are in routine clinical use. We have determined acid ceramidase may have a role in radiation response, based on novel proteomic profiling and validation in a wider dataset using tissue microarrays. The ability to predict or improve response would positively select those patients who will derive benefit, prevent delays in the local and systemic management of disease in non-responders, and reduce morbidity associated with chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Bowden
- The University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom.
| | - P A Sutton
- The University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - M A Wall
- The Countess of Chester Hospital, Liverpool Road, Chester CH2 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - P V Jithesh
- Sidra Medical and Research Centre, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - R E Jenkins
- The University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - D H Palmer
- The University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, United Kingdom
| | - C E Goldring
- The University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - J L Parsons
- The University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, United Kingdom
| | - B K Park
- The University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - N R Kitteringham
- The University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - D Vimalachandran
- The Countess of Chester Hospital, Liverpool Road, Chester CH2 1UL, United Kingdom; The University of Liverpool, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, United Kingdom
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89
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Hauser-Kawaguchi A, Luyt LG, Turley E. Design of peptide mimetics to block pro-inflammatory functions of HA fragments. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:346-356. [PMID: 29408009 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a simple extracellular matrix polysaccharide that actively regulates inflammation in tissue repair and disease processes. The native HA polymer, which is large (>500 kDa), contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis. In remodeling and diseased tissues, polymer size is strikingly polydisperse, ranging from <10 kDa to >500 kDa. In a diseased or stressed tissue context, both smaller HA fragments and high molecular weight HA polymers can acquire pro-inflammatory functions, which result in the activation of multiple receptors, triggering pro-inflammatory signaling to diverse stimuli. Peptide mimics that bind and scavenge HA fragments have been developed, which show efficacy in animal models of inflammation. These studies indicate both that HA fragments are key to driving inflammation and that scavenging these is a viable therapeutic approach to blunting inflammation in disease processes. This mini-review summarizes the peptide-based methods that have been reported to date for blocking HA signaling events as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonard G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Cancer Research Laboratories, London Regional Cancer Center, Victoria Hospital, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Eva Turley
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Cancer Research Laboratories, London Regional Cancer Center, Victoria Hospital, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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90
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Tada S, Hamada M, Yura Y. Proteomic Analysis of Secretomes of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus-Infected Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10020028. [PMID: 29360750 PMCID: PMC5836060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain RH2 induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) with the release and surface exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) SCCVII cells. The supernatants of RH2-infected SCCVII cells also exhibited antitumor ability by intratumoral administration in SCCVII tumor-bearing mice. The supernatants of RH2-infected cells and mock-infected cells were concentrated to produce Med24 and MedC for proteomic analyses. In Med24, the up- and down-regulated proteins were observed. Proteins including filamin, tubulin, t-complex protein 1 (TCP-1), and heat shock proteins (HSPs), were up-regulated, while extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were markedly down-regulated. Viral proteins were detected in Med 24. These results indicate that HSV-1 RH2 infection increases the release of danger signal proteins and viral gene products, but decreases the release of ECM components. These changes may alter the tumor microenvironment (TME) and contribute to enhancement of anti-tumor immunity against SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Yura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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91
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Gonzalez H, Robles I, Werb Z. Innate and acquired immune surveillance in the postdissemination phase of metastasis. FEBS J 2017; 285:654-664. [PMID: 29131550 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for the majority of death in cancer patients. Of the different steps in the metastasis cascade, the postdissemination phase is perhaps one of the least understood. Many factors, both from the disseminated tumor cells and the microenvironment, impact the success of the metastatic outgrowth. In this article, we discuss the interactions between colonizing cancer cells and immune cells in the period between vascular arrest in a secondary organ and metastatic outgrowth. We address the ambiguity in the findings of current research regarding the role of immune cells in regulating the metastatic microenvironment, and their hand in determining cancer cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gonzalez
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Isabella Robles
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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92
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Vlodavsky I, Gross-Cohen M, Weissmann M, Ilan N, Sanderson RD. Opposing Functions of Heparanase-1 and Heparanase-2 in Cancer Progression. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 43:18-31. [PMID: 29162390 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase, the sole heparan sulfate (HS)-degrading endoglycosidase, regulates multiple biological activities that enhance tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Heparanase accomplishes this by degrading HS and thereby regulating the bioavailability of heparin-binding proteins; priming the tumor microenvironment; mediating tumor-host crosstalk; and inducing gene transcription, signaling pathways, exosome formation, and autophagy that together promote tumor cell performance and chemoresistance. By contrast, heparanase-2, a close homolog of heparanase, lacks enzymatic activity, inhibits heparanase activity, and regulates selected genes that promote normal differentiation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, tumor fibrosis, and apoptosis, together resulting in tumor suppression. The emerging premise is that heparanase is a master regulator of the aggressive phenotype of cancer, while heparanase-2 functions as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| | - Miriam Gross-Cohen
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Marina Weissmann
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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93
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Theocharis AD, Karamanos NK. Proteoglycans remodeling in cancer: Underlying molecular mechanisms. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:220-259. [PMID: 29128506 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix is a highly dynamic macromolecular network. Proteoglycans are major components of extracellular matrix playing key roles in its structural organization and cell signaling contributing to the control of numerous normal and pathological processes. As multifunctional molecules, proteoglycans participate in various cell functions during morphogenesis, wound healing, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Their interactions with matrix effectors, cell surface receptors and enzymes enable them with unique properties. In malignancy, extensive remodeling of tumor stroma is associated with marked alterations in proteoglycans' expression and structural variability. Proteoglycans exert diverse functions in tumor stroma in a cell-specific and context-specific manner and they mainly contribute to the formation of a permissive provisional matrix for tumor growth affecting tissue organization, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and tumor cell signaling. Proteoglycans also modulate cancer cell phenotype and properties, the development of drug resistance and tumor stroma angiogenesis. This review summarizes the proteoglycans remodeling and their novel biological roles in malignancies with particular emphasis to the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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94
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Proteomic profiling identifies markers for inflammation-related tumor-fibroblast interaction. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:33. [PMID: 29176937 PMCID: PMC5689177 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer associated fibroblasts are activated in the tumor microenvironment and contribute to tumor progression, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammation. Methods To identify proteins characteristic for fibroblasts in colorectal cancer we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to derive protein abundance from whole-tissue homogenates of human colorectal cancer/normal mucosa pairs. Alterations of protein levels were determined by two-sided t test with greater than threefold difference and an FDR of < 0.05. Public available datasets were used to predict proteins of stromal origin and link protein with mRNA regulation. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the localization of selected proteins. Results We identified a set of 24 proteins associated with inflammation, matrix organization, TGFβ receptor signaling and angiogenesis mainly originating from the stroma. Most prominent were increased abundance of SerpinB5 in the parenchyme and latent transforming growth factor β-binding protein, thrombospondin-B2, and secreted protein acidic-and-cysteine-rich in the stroma. Extracellular matrix remodeling involved collagens type VIII, XII, XIV, and VI as well as lysyl-oxidase-2. In silico analysis of mRNA levels demonstrated altered expression in the tumor and the adjacent normal tissue as compared to mucosa of healthy individuals indicating that inflammatory activation affected the surrounding tissue. Immunohistochemistry of 26 tumor specimen confirmed upregulation of SerpinB5, thrombospondin B2 and secreted protein acidic-and-cysteine-rich. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of detecting tumor- and compartment-specific protein-signatures that are functionally meaningful by proteomic profiling of whole-tissue extracts together with mining of RNA expression datasets. The results provide the basis for further exploration of inflammation-related stromal markers in larger patient cohorts and experimental models.
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95
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Boström P, Sainio A, Eigėlienė N, Jokilammi A, Elenius K, Koskivuo I, Järveläinen H. Human Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma and Decorin. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2017; 10:39-48. [PMID: 28653173 PMCID: PMC5750199 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-017-0195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare subtype of invasive breast cancer and has poor prognosis. In general, cancers are heterogeneous cellular masses comprised of different cell types and their extracellular matrix (ECM). However, little is known about the composition of the ECM and its constituents in MBC. Decorin is a ubiquitous ECM macromolecule known of its oncosuppressive activity. As such, it provides an intriguing molecule in the development of novel therapeutics for different malignancies such as MBC. In this study, decorin immunoreactivity and the effect of adenoviral decorin cDNA (Ad-DCN) transduction were examined in MBC. Multiple immunohistochemical stainings were used to characterize a massive breast tumour derived from an old woman. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) explant cultures derived from the tumour were transduced with Ad-DCN to study the effect of the transduction on the explants. The MBC tumour was shown to be completely negative for decorin immunoreactivity demonstrating that the malignant cells were not able to synthesize decorin. Ad-DCN transduction resulted in a markedly altered cytological phenotype of MBC explants by decreasing the amount of atypical cells and by inhibiting cell proliferation. The results of this study support approaches to develop new, decorin-based adjuvant therapies for MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Boström
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Annele Sainio
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Natalja Eigėlienė
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Oncology Clinic, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Hietalahdenkatu 2-4, 65130, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Anne Jokilammi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Koskivuo
- Department of Plastic and General Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Hannu Järveläinen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Satakunta Central Hospital, Sairaalantie 3, 28500, Pori, Finland.
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96
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Tashireva LA, Perelmuter VM, Manskikh VN, Denisov EV, Savelieva OE, Kaygorodova EV, Zavyalova MV. Types of Immune-Inflammatory Responses as a Reflection of Cell-Cell Interactions under Conditions of Tissue Regeneration and Tumor Growth. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:542-555. [PMID: 28601064 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917050029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory infiltration of tumor stroma is an integral reflection of reactions that develop in response to any damage to tumor cells including immune responses to antigens or necrosis caused by vascular disorders. In this review, we use the term "immune-inflammatory response" (IIR) that allows us to give an integral assessment of the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment. Two main types of IIRs are discussed: type 1 and 2 T-helper reactions (Th1 and Th2), as well as their inducers: immunosuppressive responses and reactions mediated by Th22 and Th17 lymphocytes and capable of modifying the main types of IIRs. Cellular and molecular manifestations of each IIR type are analyzed and their general characteristics and roles in tissue regeneration and tumor growth are presented. Since inflammatory responses in a tumor can also be initiated by innate immunity mechanisms, special attention is given to inflammation based on them. We emphasize that processes accompanying tissue regeneration are prototypes of processes underlying cancer progression, and these processes have the same cellular and molecular substrates. We focus on evidence that tumor progression is mainly contributed by processes specific for the second phase of "wound healing" that are based on the Th2-type IIR. We emphasize that the effect of various types of immune and stroma cells on tumor progression is determined by the ability of the cells and their cytokines to promote or prevent the development of Th1- or Th2-type of IIR. Finally, we supposed that the nonspecific influence on the tumor caused by the cytokine context of the Th1- or Th2-type microenvironment should play a decisive role for suppression or stimulation of tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
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97
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Staunton JR, Vieira W, Fung KL, Lake R, Devine A, Tanner K. Mechanical properties of the tumor stromal microenvironment probed in vitro and ex vivo by in situ-calibrated optical trap-based active microrheology. Cell Mol Bioeng 2016; 9:398-417. [PMID: 27752289 PMCID: PMC5065074 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of the malignant transformation of epithelial tissue is the modulation of stromal components of the microenvironment. In particular, aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and stiffening enhances tumor growth and survival and promotes metastasis. Type I collagen is one of the major ECM components. It serves as a scaffold protein in the stroma contributing to the tissue's mechanical properties, imparting tensile strength and rigidity to tissues such as those of the skin, tendons, and lungs. Here we investigate the effects of intrinsic spatial heterogeneities due to fibrillar architecture, pore size and ligand density on the microscale and bulk mechanical properties of the ECM. Type I collagen hydrogels with topologies tuned by polymerization temperature and concentration to mimic physico-chemical properties of a normal tissue and tumor microenvironment were measured by in situ-calibrated Active Microrheology by Optical Trapping revealing significantly different microscale complex shear moduli at Hz-kHz frequencies and two orders of magnitude of strain amplitude that we compared to data from bulk rheology measurements. Access to higher frequencies enabled observation of transitions from elastic to viscous behavior that occur at ~200Hz to 2750Hz, which largely was dependent on tissue architecture well outside the dynamic range of instrument acquisition possible with SAOS bulk rheology. We determined that mouse melanoma tumors and human breast tumors displayed complex moduli ~5-1000 Pa, increasing with frequency and displaying a nonlinear stress-strain response. Thus, we show the feasibility of a mechanical biopsy in efforts to provide a diagnostic tool to aid in the design of therapeutics complementary to those based on standard histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R Staunton
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wilfred Vieira
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - King Leung Fung
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ross Lake
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexus Devine
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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98
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Cisneros Castillo LR, Oancea AD, Stüllein C, Régnier-Vigouroux A. Evaluation of Consistency in Spheroid Invasion Assays. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28375. [PMID: 27334575 PMCID: PMC4917829 DOI: 10.1038/srep28375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids embedded in a matrix represent invaluable tools to analyze cell invasion. Spheroid sizes and invasiveness are the main observables easily measurable to evaluate effects of biological or pharmaceutical manipulations on invasion. They largely account for these 3-D platforms variability, leading to flaws in data interpretation. No method has been established yet that characterizes this variability and guarantees a reliable use of 3-D platforms. Spheroid initial/end sizes and invasiveness were systematically analyzed and compared in spheroids of U87MG cells generated by three different methods and embedded at different times in a collagen matrix. A normality test was used to characterize size distribution. We introduced the linearity-over-yield analysis as a novel mathematical tool to assess end sizes and invasion reproducibility. We further provide a proof of concept by applying these tools to the analysis of a treatment known to be effective beforehand. We demonstrate that implementation of these statistical and mathematical tools warranted a confident quantification and interpretation of in 3-D conducted assays. We propose these tools could be incorporated in a guideline for generation and use of 3-D platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Suhovskih AV, Kashuba VI, Klein G, Grigorieva EV. Prostate cancer cells specifically reorganize epithelial cell-fibroblast communication through proteoglycan and junction pathways. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 11:39-53. [PMID: 27111714 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1182292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microenvironment and stromal fibroblasts are able to inhibit tumor cell proliferation both through secreted signaling molecules and direct cell-cell interactions but molecular mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. In this study, we investigated a role of cell-cell contact-related molecules (protein ECM components, proteoglycans (PGs) and junction-related molecules) in intercellular communications between the human TERT immortalized fibroblasts (BjTERT fibroblasts) and normal (PNT2) or cancer (LNCaP, PC3, DU145) prostate epithelial cells. It was shown that BjTERT-PNT2 cell coculture resulted in significant decrease of both BjTERT and PNT2 proliferation rates and reorganization of transcriptional activity of cell-cell contact-related genes in both cell types. Immunocytochemical staining revealed redistribution of DCN and LUM in PNT2 cells and significant increase of SDC1 at the intercellular contact zones between BjTERT and PNT2 cells, suggesting active involvement of the PGs in cell-cell contacts and contact inhibition of cell proliferation. Unlike to PNT2 cells, PC3 cells did not respond to BjTERT in terms of PGs expression, moderately increased transcriptional activity of junctions-related genes (especially tight junction) and failed to establish PC3-BjTERT contacts. At the same time, PC3 cells significantly down-regulated junctions-related genes (especially focal adhesions and adherens junctions) in BjTERT fibroblasts resulting in visible preference for homotypic PC3-PC3 over heterotypic PC3-BjTERT contacts and autonomous growth of PC3 clones. Taken together, the results demonstrate that an instructing role of fibroblasts to normal prostate epithelial cells is revoked by cancer cells through deregulation of proteoglycans and junction molecules expression and overall disorganization of fibroblast-cancer cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Suhovskih
- a MTC, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Vladimir I Kashuba
- a MTC, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Kiev , Ukraine
| | - George Klein
- a MTC, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Elvira V Grigorieva
- a MTC, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics , Novosibirsk , Russia
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