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McMillan FD. The psychobiology of social pain: Evidence for a neurocognitive overlap with physical pain and welfare implications for social animals with special attention to the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). Physiol Behav 2016; 167:154-171. [PMID: 27640131 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Fletcher KL, Whitley BN, Treidel LA, Thompson D, Williams A, Noguera JC, Stevenson JR, Haussmann MF. Voluntary locomotor activity mitigates oxidative damage associated with isolation stress in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). Biol Lett 2016; 11:rsbl.2015.0178. [PMID: 26179798 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal performance directly depends on an individual's ability to cope with a wide array of physiological challenges. For social animals, social isolation is a stressor that has been shown to increase oxidative stress. Another physiological challenge, routine locomotor activity, has been found to decrease oxidative stress levels. Because we currently do not have a good understanding of how diverse physiological systems like stress and locomotion interact to affect oxidative balance, we studied this interaction in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). Voles were either pair housed or isolated and within the isolation group, voles either had access to a moving wheel or a stationary wheel. We found that chronic periodic isolation caused increased levels of oxidative stress. However, within the vole group that was able to run voluntarily, longer durations of locomotor activity were associated with less oxidative stress. Our work suggests that individuals who demonstrate increased locomotor activity may be better able to cope with the social stressor of isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Fletcher
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | | | - Lisa A Treidel
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - David Thompson
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Annie Williams
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Jose C Noguera
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Mark F Haussmann
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
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A Possible Role of Anhedonia as Common Substrate for Depression and Anxiety. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2016; 2016:1598130. [PMID: 27042346 PMCID: PMC4793100 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1598130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are often comorbid, in up to 70% of cases, and the level of one or the other may fluctuate, leading now to a diagnosis of depression, now to a diagnosis of anxiety. For these reasons, and for the presence of many other common factors, it has been suggested that both are part of the same continuum of problems and that they have a common substrate. This paper proposes the possibility that anhedonia may be an important component of this possible common substrate, and it tries to identify the mechanism with which anhedonia could contribute to causing both depression and anxiety. It also proposes an explanation why an intense pleasure could improve both depression and anxiety.
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Perron IJ, Pack AI, Veasey S. Diet/Energy Balance Affect Sleep and Wakefulness Independent of Body Weight. Sleep 2015; 38:1893-903. [PMID: 26158893 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Excessive daytime sleepiness commonly affects obese people, even in those without sleep apnea, yet its causes remain uncertain. We sought to determine whether acute dietary changes could induce or rescue wake impairments independent of body weight. DESIGN We implemented a novel feeding paradigm that generates two groups of mice with equal body weight but opposing energetic balance. Two subsets of mice consuming either regular chow (RC) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 w were switched to the opposite diet for 1 w. Sleep recordings were conducted at Week 0 (baseline), Week 8 (pre-diet switch), and Week 9 (post-diet switch) for all groups. Sleep homeostasis was measured at Week 8 and Week 9. PARTICIPANTS Young adult, male C57BL/6J mice. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Differences in total wake, nonrapid eye movement (NREM), and rapid eye movement (REM) time were quantified, in addition to changes in bout fragmentation/consolidation. At Week 9, the two diet switch groups had similar body weight. However, animals switched to HFD (and thus gaining weight) had decreased wake time, increased NREM sleep time, and worsened sleep/wake fragmentation compared to mice switched to RC (which were in weight loss). These effects were driven by significant sleep/wake changes induced by acute dietary manipulations (Week 8 → Week 9). Sleep homeostasis, as measured by delta power increase following sleep deprivation, was unaffected by our feeding paradigm. CONCLUSIONS Acute dietary manipulations are sufficient to alter sleep and wakefulness independent of body weight and without effects on sleep homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Perron
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Allan I Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sigrid Veasey
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Social isolation increases cell proliferation in male and cell survival in female California mice (Peromyscus californicus). Physiol Behav 2015; 151:570-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Implicit attention to negative social, in contrast to nonsocial, words in the Stroop task differs between individuals high and low in loneliness: Evidence from event-related brain microstates. Cortex 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cacioppo JT, Cacioppo S, Cole SW, Capitanio JP, Goossens L, Boomsma DI. Loneliness across phylogeny and a call for comparative studies and animal models. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015; 10:202-12. [PMID: 25910390 PMCID: PMC5090712 DOI: 10.1177/1745691614564876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness typically refers to the feelings of distress and dysphoria resulting from a discrepancy between a person's desired and achieved levels of social relations, and there is now considerable evidence that loneliness is a risk factor for poor psychological and physical health. Loneliness has traditionally been conceptualized as a uniquely human phenomenon. However, over millions of years of evolution, efficient and manifold neural, hormonal, and molecular mechanisms have evolved for promoting companionship and mutual protection/assistance and for organizing adaptive responses when there is a significant discrepancy between the preferred and realized levels of social connection. We review evidence suggesting that loneliness is not a uniquely human phenomenon, but, instead, as a scientific construct, it represents a generally adaptive predisposition that can be found across phylogeny. Central to this argument is the premise that the brain is the key organ of social connections and processes. Comparative studies and animal models, particularly when integrated with human studies, have much to contribute to the understanding of loneliness and its underlying principles, mechanisms, consequences, and potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Cacioppo
- Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, University of Chicago
| | - Stephanie Cacioppo
- Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, University of Chicago Division of Biological Sciences, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine
| | - Steven W Cole
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Luc Goossens
- School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
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Cacioppo S, Grippo AJ, London S, Goossens L, Cacioppo JT. Loneliness: clinical import and interventions. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015; 10:238-49. [PMID: 25866548 PMCID: PMC4391342 DOI: 10.1177/1745691615570616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In 1978, when the Task Panel report to the US President's Commission on Mental Health emphasized the importance of improving health care and easing the pain of those suffering from emotional distress syndromes including loneliness, few anticipated that this issue would still need to be addressed 40 years later. A meta-analysis (Masi et al., 2011) on the efficacy of treatments to reduce loneliness identified a need for well-controlled randomized clinical trials focusing on the rehabilitation of maladaptive social cognition. We review assessments of loneliness and build on this meta-analysis to discuss the efficacy of various treatments for loneliness. With the advances made over the past 5 years in the identification of the psychobiological and pharmaceutical mechanisms associated with loneliness and maladaptive social cognition, there is increasing evidence for the potential efficacy of integrated interventions that combine (social) cognitive behavioral therapy with short-term adjunctive pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cacioppo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago ; HPEN Laboratory, Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, The University of Chicago
| | | | - Sarah London
- HPEN Laboratory, Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, The University of Chicago ; Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago
| | - Luc Goossens
- School of Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, KU Leuven - University of Leuven
| | - John T Cacioppo
- HPEN Laboratory, Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, The University of Chicago ; Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago
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Beery AK, Kaufer D. Stress, social behavior, and resilience: insights from rodents. Neurobiol Stress 2015; 1:116-127. [PMID: 25562050 PMCID: PMC4281833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurobiology of stress and the neurobiology of social behavior are deeply intertwined. The social environment interacts with stress on almost every front: social interactions can be potent stressors; they can buffer the response to an external stressor; and social behavior often changes in response to stressful life experience. This review explores mechanistic and behavioral links between stress, anxiety, resilience, and social behavior in rodents, with particular attention to different social contexts. We consider variation between several different rodent species and make connections to research on humans and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaliese K. Beery
- Department of Psychology, Department of Biology, Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Department of Integrative Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Abstract
Social isolation has been recognized as a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality in humans for more than a quarter of a century. Although the focus of research has been on objective social roles and health behavior, the brain is the key organ for forming, monitoring, maintaining, repairing, and replacing salutary connections with others. Accordingly, population-based longitudinal research indicates that perceived social isolation (loneliness) is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality independent of objective social isolation and health behavior. Human and animal investigations of neuroendocrine stress mechanisms that may be involved suggest that (a) chronic social isolation increases the activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical axis, and (b) these effects are more dependent on the disruption of a social bond between a significant pair than objective isolation per se. The relational factors and neuroendocrine, neurobiological, and genetic mechanisms that may contribute to the association between perceived isolation and mortality are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Cacioppo
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637;
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