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Landis MJ. Biogeographic Dating of Speciation Times Using Paleogeographically Informed Processes. Syst Biol 2017; 66:128-144. [PMID: 27155009 PMCID: PMC5837510 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syw040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard models of molecular evolution cannot estimate absolute speciation times alone, and require external calibrations to do so, such as fossils. Because fossil calibration methods rely on the incomplete fossil record, a great number of nodes in the tree of life cannot be dated precisely. However, many major paleogeographical events are dated, and since biogeographic processes depend on paleogeographical conditions, biogeographic dating may be used as an alternative or complementary method to fossil dating. I demonstrate how a time-stratified biogeographic stochastic process may be used to estimate absolute divergence times by conditioning on dated paleogeographical events. Informed by the current paleogeographical literature, I construct an empirical dispersal graph using 25 areas and 26 epochs for the past 540 Ma of Earth's history. Simulations indicate biogeographic dating performs well so long as paleogeography imposes constraint on biogeographic character evolution. To gauge whether biogeographic dating may be of practical use, I analyzed the well-studied turtle clade (Testudines) to assess how well biogeographic dating fares when compared to fossil-calibrated dating estimates reported in the literature. Fossil-free biogeographic dating estimated the age of the most recent common ancestor of extant turtles to be from the Late Triassic, which is consistent with fossil-based estimates. Dating precision improves further when including a root node fossil calibration. The described model, paleogeographical dispersal graph, and analysis scripts are available for use with RevBayes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Landis
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Kotov AA, Karabanov DP, Bekker EI, Neretina TV, Taylor DJ. Phylogeography of the Chydorus sphaericus Group (Cladocera: Chydoridae) in the Northern Palearctic. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168711. [PMID: 27992559 PMCID: PMC5167426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodiversity and the biogeography are still poorly understood for freshwater invertebrates. The crustacean Chydorus sphaericus-brevilabris complex (Cladocera: Chydoridae) is composed of species that are important components of Holarctic freshwater food webs. Recent morphological and genetic study of the complex has indicated a substantial species diversity in the northern hemisphere. However, we know little of the geographic boundaries of these novel lineages. Moreover, a large section of the Palearctic remains unexamined at the genetic level. Here we attempt to address the biodiversity knowledge gap for the Chydorus sphaericus group in the central Palearctic and assess its diversity and biogeographic boundaries. We sequenced nuclear (ITS-2) and mitochondrial (COI) gene regions of Chydorus specimens across the Palearctic and compared them with already available Holarctic sequences. We detected six main clades in the C. sphaericus group in the Palearctic, of which two of the groups are novel. Three of the more divergent clades are geographically widespread. The central portion of Eurasia (the Yenisey River basin) appears to be a narrow zone of secondary contact for phylogroups that expanded from European and Beringian refugia. As such, the previously unsampled central Palearctic represents an important region for understanding the evolutionary consequences of Pleistocene climatic oscillations on the Chydorus sphaericus group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Kotov
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Invasions, A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Dmitry P. Karabanov
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Invasions, A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Fish Ecology, I. D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Yaroslavl Area, Russia
| | - Eugeniya I. Bekker
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Invasions, A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Neretina
- White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Derek J. Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, United States of America
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O’Dea A, Lessios HA, Coates AG, Eytan RI, Restrepo-Moreno SA, Cione AL, Collins LS, de Queiroz A, Farris DW, Norris RD, Stallard RF, Woodburne MO, Aguilera O, Aubry MP, Berggren WA, Budd AF, Cozzuol MA, Coppard SE, Duque-Caro H, Finnegan S, Gasparini GM, Grossman EL, Johnson KG, Keigwin LD, Knowlton N, Leigh EG, Leonard-Pingel JS, Marko PB, Pyenson ND, Rachello-Dolmen PG, Soibelzon E, Soibelzon L, Todd JA, Vermeij GJ, Jackson JBC. Formation of the Isthmus of Panama. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600883. [PMID: 27540590 PMCID: PMC4988774 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the Isthmus of Panama stands as one of the greatest natural events of the Cenozoic, driving profound biotic transformations on land and in the oceans. Some recent studies suggest that the Isthmus formed many millions of years earlier than the widely recognized age of approximately 3 million years ago (Ma), a result that if true would revolutionize our understanding of environmental, ecological, and evolutionary change across the Americas. To bring clarity to the question of when the Isthmus of Panama formed, we provide an exhaustive review and reanalysis of geological, paleontological, and molecular records. These independent lines of evidence converge upon a cohesive narrative of gradually emerging land and constricting seaways, with formation of the Isthmus of Panama sensu stricto around 2.8 Ma. The evidence used to support an older isthmus is inconclusive, and we caution against the uncritical acceptance of an isthmus before the Pliocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron O’Dea
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Harilaos A. Lessios
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Anthony G. Coates
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Ron I. Eytan
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Sergio A. Restrepo-Moreno
- Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alberto L. Cione
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laurel S. Collins
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Department of Earth and Environment, and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Alan de Queiroz
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557–0314, USA
| | - David W. Farris
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | | | - Robert F. Stallard
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street (Suite E127), Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Michael O. Woodburne
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Orangel Aguilera
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Campus do Valonguinho, Outeiro São João Batista, s/n°, cep. 24020-141, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marie-Pierre Aubry
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854–8066, USA
| | - William A. Berggren
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854–8066, USA
| | - Ann F. Budd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mario A. Cozzuol
- Laboratório de Paleozoologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, cep. 31270 010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simon E. Coppard
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, NY 13323, USA
| | - Herman Duque-Caro
- Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Seth Finnegan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3040 Valley Life Science Building #3140, Berkeley, CA 94720–3140, USA
| | - Germán M. Gasparini
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ethan L. Grossman
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kenneth G. Johnson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | | | - Nancy Knowlton
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Egbert G. Leigh
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Jill S. Leonard-Pingel
- Department of Geology, Washington and Lee University, 204 West Washington Street, Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Peter B. Marko
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, 2538 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Pyenson
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Paola G. Rachello-Dolmen
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Esteban Soibelzon
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leopoldo Soibelzon
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathan A. Todd
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Geerat J. Vermeij
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeremy B. C. Jackson
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093–0244, USA
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
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De Baets K, Antonelli A, Donoghue PCJ. Tectonic blocks and molecular clocks. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20160098. [PMID: 27325840 PMCID: PMC4920344 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary timescales have mainly used fossils for calibrating molecular clocks, though fossils only really provide minimum clade age constraints. In their place, phylogenetic trees can be calibrated by precisely dated geological events that have shaped biogeography. However, tectonic episodes are protracted, their role in vicariance is rarely justified, the biogeography of living clades and their antecedents may differ, and the impact of such events is contingent on ecology. Biogeographic calibrations are no panacea for the shortcomings of fossil calibrations, but their associated uncertainties can be accommodated. We provide examples of how biogeographic calibrations based on geological data can be established for the fragmentation of the Pangaean supercontinent: (i) for the uplift of the Isthmus of Panama, (ii) the separation of New Zealand from Gondwana, and (iii) for the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Biogeographic and fossil calibrations are complementary, not competing, approaches to constraining molecular clock analyses, providing alternative constraints on the age of clades that are vital to avoiding circularity in investigating the role of biogeographic mechanisms in shaping modern biodiversity.This article is part of the themed issue 'Dating species divergences using rocks and clocks'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth De Baets
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Fachgruppe PaläoUmwelt, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstr. 28, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22A, 413 19 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Philip C J Donoghue
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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Franzke A, Koch MA, Mummenhoff K. Turnip Time Travels: Age Estimates in Brassicaceae. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:554-561. [PMID: 26917156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Results of research in life sciences acquire a deeper meaning if they can also be discussed in temporal contexts of evolution. Despite the importance of the mustard family (Brassicaceae) as a prominent angiosperm model family, a robust, generally accepted hypothesis for a family-wide temporal framework does not yet exist. The main cause for this situation is a poor fossil record of the family. We suggest that the few known fossils require a critical re-evaluation of phylogenetic and temporal assignments as a prerequisite for appropriate molecular dating analyses within the family. In addition, (palaeo)biogeographical calibrations, not explored so far in the family, should be integrated in a synthesis of various dating approaches, with each contributing their specific possibilities and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Franzke
- Heidelberg Botanic Garden, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marcus A Koch
- Heidelberg Botanic Garden, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, German
| | - Klaus Mummenhoff
- Biology Department, Botany, Osnabrück University, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
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