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A new comprehensive trait database of European and Maghreb butterflies, Papilionoidea. Sci Data 2020; 7:351. [PMID: 33060594 PMCID: PMC7567092 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait-based analyses explaining the different responses of species and communities to environmental changes are increasing in frequency. European butterflies are an indicator group that responds rapidly to environmental changes with extensive citizen science contributions to documenting changes of abundance and distribution. Species traits have been used to explain long- and short-term responses to climate, land-use and vegetation changes. Studies are often characterised by limited trait sets being used, with risks that the relative roles of different traits are not fully explored. Butterfly trait information is dispersed amongst various sources and descriptions sometimes differ between sources. We have therefore drawn together multiple information sets to provide a comprehensive trait database covering 542 taxa and 25 traits described by 217 variables and sub-states of the butterflies of Europe and Maghreb (northwest Africa) which should serve for improved trait-based ecological, conservation-related, phylogeographic and evolutionary studies of this group of insects. We provide this data in two forms; the basic data and as processed continuous and multinomial data, to enhance its potential usage. Measurement(s) | resources • Egg Laying • larval environment • pupal environment • geographic location • behavior • size • voltinism • phenology • host plant | Technology Type(s) | digital curation | Factor Type(s) | species | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Papilionoidea | Sample Characteristic - Location | Europe • Northwest Africa |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12998828
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Butterfly species’ responses to urbanization: differing effects of human population density and built-up area. Urban Ecosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGood knowledge on how increasing urbanization affects biodiversity is essential in order to preserve biodiversity in urban green spaces. We examined how urban development affects species richness and total abundance of butterflies as well as the occurrence and abundance of individual species within the Helsinki metropolitan area in Northern Europe. Repeated butterfly counts in 167 separate 1-km-long transects within Helsinki covered the entire urbanization gradient, quantified by human population density and the proportion of built-up area (within a 50-m buffer surrounding each butterfly transect). We found consistently negative effects of both human population density and built-up area on all studied butterfly variables, though butterflies responded markedly more negatively to increasing human population density than to built-up area. Responses in butterfly species richness and total abundance showed higher variability in relation to proportion of built-up area than to human density, especially in areas of high human density. Increasing human density negatively affected both the abundance and the occurrence of 47% of the 19 most abundant species, whereas, for the proportion of built-up area, the corresponding percentages were 32% and 32%, respectively. Species with high habitat specificity and low mobility showed higher sensitivity to urbanization (especially high human population density) than habitat generalists and mobile species that dominated the urban butterfly communities. Our results suggest that human population density provides a better indicator of urbanization effects on butterflies compared to the proportion of built-up area. The generality of this finding should be verified in other contexts and taxonomic groups.
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Czajkowska M, Dawidowicz Ł, Borkowska A, Dziekańska I, Sielezniew M. Population Genetic Structure and Demography of the Critically Endangered Chequered Blue Butterfly ( Scolitantides orion) in a Highly Isolated Part of Its Distribution Range. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090608. [PMID: 32911638 PMCID: PMC7564389 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Scolitantides orion is a butterfly species threatened in many European countries. In Poland, it survived in a single highly isolated area (Vistula River valley), which is an example of the dramatic decline in the population number. We studied the two largest remaining populations inhabiting opposite banks of the river. Mark-release-recapture studies showed that both populations were small, and they fluctuated in numbers, but adult individuals were twice as numerous on the western site. Genetic analyses were carried out using a mitochondrial (COI, ND5) and nuclear markers (Wgl, EF-1α, and microsatellite loci). We found out that genetic variation was low at both sites but higher in the smaller eastern population. This pattern is likely to be better explained by past distribution, when the butterfly, as a continental species used to be much more widespread in the east. However, the genetic differentiation between populations was low. This could suggest that the existing gene flow is facilitated by dominant regional wind direction, which may also contribute to a better genetic condition of the western population. Finally, a comparison of the obtained COI sequences with others available enabled us to reveal the phylogeographic pattern of the S. orion from different localities within its range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czajkowska
- Department of Zoology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland; (A.B.); (I.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Łukasz Dawidowicz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anetta Borkowska
- Department of Zoology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland; (A.B.); (I.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Izabela Dziekańska
- Department of Zoology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland; (A.B.); (I.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcin Sielezniew
- Department of Zoology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland; (A.B.); (I.D.); (M.S.)
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Mukherjee K, Mondal A. Butterfly diversity in heterogeneous habitat of Bankura, West Bengal, India. JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2020. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.5136.12.8.15804-15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Butterfly diversity was observed in different habitats of Bankura District, West Bengal, India. This district is located at the junction of Chotanagpur plateau and Gangetic plain; it contains a variety of transitional habitats. We found 117 butterfly species from our covered survey area. The highest species recorded in the present study belonged to family Lycaenidae (30.76%) and Nymphalidae (29.91%) followed by Hesperiidae (16.23%), Pieridae (13.67%), Papilionidae (8.54%), and Riodinidae (0.85%), respectively. Based on sighting we found that 12.82% of all the butterflies recorded were abundant in nature while 21.36% were very common, 41.88% were frequent, and 23.93% were rare. Cluster analysis and other diversity indices gives us an overall idea about environmental health. The pattern of diversity change from plain to plateau gradient gives important insight about ecological edge effect. High species number in relation with low individual numbers were found in forest habitat. This preliminary study showed that heterogeneous habitats could harbour many butterflies and need proper conservation efforts to sustain it.
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Hausmann A, Segerer AH, Greifenstein T, Knubben J, Morinière J, Bozicevic V, Doczkal D, Günter A, Ulrich W, Habel JC. Toward a standardized quantitative and qualitative insect monitoring scheme. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4009-4020. [PMID: 32489627 PMCID: PMC7244892 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of insect species and insect abundances decreased severely during the past decades over major parts of Central Europe. Previous studies documented declines of species richness, abundances, shifts in species composition, and decreasing biomass of flying insects. In this study, we present a standardized approach to quantitatively and qualitatively assess insect diversity, biomass, and the abundance of taxa, in parallel. We applied two methods: Malaise traps, and automated and active light trapping. Sampling was conducted from April to October 2018 in southern Germany, at four sites representing conventional and organic farming. Bulk samples obtained from Malaise traps were further analyzed using DNA metabarcoding. Larger moths (Macroheterocera) collected with light trapping were further classified according to their degree of endangerment. Our methods provide valuable quantitative and qualitative data. Our results indicate more biomass and higher species richness, as well as twice the number of Red List lepidopterans in organic farmland than in conventional farmland. This combination of sampling methods with subsequent DNA metabarcoding and assignments of individuals according depending on ecological characteristics and the degree of endangerment allows to evaluate the status of landscapes and represents a suitable setup for large-scale long-term insect monitoring across Central Europe, and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jerôme Morinière
- Bavarian Natural History CollectionsMunichGermany
- Advanced Identification Methods GmbH (AIM)MunichGermany
| | | | | | | | - Werner Ulrich
- Department of Ecology and BiogeographyNicolaus Copernicus University TorunToruńPoland
| | - Jan Christian Habel
- Evolutionary ZoologyDepartment of BiosciencesUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
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The importance of including habitat-specific behaviour in models of butterfly movement. Oecologia 2020; 193:249-259. [PMID: 32253493 PMCID: PMC7320960 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a key process affecting population persistence and major factors affecting dispersal rates are the amounts, connectedness and properties of habitats in landscapes. We present new data on the butterfly Maniola jurtina in flower-rich and flower-poor habitats that demonstrates how movement and behaviour differ between sexes and habitat types, and how this effects consequent dispersal rates. Females had higher flight speeds than males, but their total time in flight was four times less. The effect of habitat type was strong for both sexes, flight speeds were ~ 2.5 × and ~ 1.7 × faster on resource-poor habitats for males and females, respectively, and flights were approximately 50% longer. With few exceptions females oviposited in the mown grass habitat, likely because growing grass offers better food for emerging caterpillars, but they foraged in the resource-rich habitat. It seems that females faced a trade-off between ovipositing without foraging in the mown grass or foraging without ovipositing where flowers were abundant. We show that taking account of habitat-dependent differences in activity, here categorised as flight or non-flight, is crucial to obtaining good fits of an individual-based model to observed movement. An important implication of this finding is that incorporating habitat-specific activity budgets is likely necessary for predicting longer-term dispersal in heterogeneous habitats, as habitat-specific behaviour substantially influences the mean (> 30% difference) and kurtosis (1.4 × difference) of dispersal kernels. The presented IBMs provide a simple method to explicitly incorporate known activity and movement rates when predicting dispersal in changing and heterogeneous landscapes.
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Kioko E, Musyoki AM, Luanga A, Kioko MD, Mwangi EW, Monda L. Swallowtail butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) species diversity and distribution in Africa: The Papilionidae collection at the National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e50664. [PMID: 32292277 PMCID: PMC7145877 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e50664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species data from the Museum collections have been shown to be of great value as a tool for prioritising conservation actions in Africa (Fjeldsa and Tushabe 2005). The National Museums of Kenya (NMK) have an entomology collection, housed in 4,000 drawers in cabinets that contain over 1.5 million specimens, including the largest butterfly collection in Africa (Arnett et al. 1997). Lampe and Striebing (2005) demonstrated how to digitise large insect collections in order to make their associated label data into databases that can be used for functions, such as creating distribution maps. The NMK's swallowtail butterflies' collection had not been digitised and thus there was a need to capture the label data to create a database that can be used for mapping the distribution of the species in Kenya and elsewhere. These data have addressed one of the most significant challenges to insect conservation i.e. the lack of baseline information concerning species diversity and distribution (Summerville and Crist 2003). These data have provided key historic papilionid species diversity and distribution data that can be used to monitor their populations, as butterflies are declining due to changes in land use, intensive agriculture and pestcide use, diseases and pest and climate change (Potts et al. 2016; Bongaarts 2019). The publication of the occurrence data records in GBIF has been undertaken, thus making the data available to a wider audience and promoting availability for use. NEW INFORMATION The swallowtail butterflies collection at the National Museums of Kenya was digitised from 2017-2019 and this paper presents details of the Papilionid collection at the Zoology Department, NMK, Nairobi, Kenya.The collection holds 7,345 voucher specimens, consisting of three genera and 133 species. The collection covers the period between 1850 to 2019.The distribution of the swallowtail butterflies, housed at the NMK, covers East Africa with 88%, Central Africa (6%), Western Africa (4%) and Southern Africa (2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Kioko
- National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, KenyaNational Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | | | - Augustine Luanga
- National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, KenyaNational Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | | | | | - Lawrence Monda
- National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, KenyaNational Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
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58
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Cox AR, Robertson RJ, Lendvai ÁZ, Everitt K, Bonier F. Rainy springs linked to poor nestling growth in a declining avian aerial insectivore ( Tachycineta bicolor). Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20190018. [PMID: 30862285 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As species shift their ranges and phenology to cope with climate change, many are left without a ready supply of their preferred food source during critical life stages. Food shortages are often assumed to be driven by reduced total food abundance, but here we propose that climate change may cause short-term food shortages for foraging specialists without affecting overall food availability. We frame this hypothesis around the special case of birds that forage on flying insects for whom effects mediated by their shared food resource have been proposed to cause avian aerial insectivores' decline worldwide. Flying insects are inactive during cold, wet or windy conditions, effectively reducing food availability to zero even if insect abundance remains otherwise unchanged. Using long-term monitoring data from a declining population of tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor), we show that nestlings' body mass declined substantially from 1977 to 2017. In 2017, nestlings had lower body mass if it rained during the preceding 3 days, though females increased provisioning rates, potentially in an attempt to compensate. Adult body mass, particularly that of the males, has also declined over the long-term study. Mean rainfall during the nestling period has increased by 9.3 ± 0.3 mm decade-1, potentially explaining declining nestling body mass and population declines. Therefore, we suggest that reduced food availability, distinct from food abundance, may be an important and previously overlooked consequence of climate change, which could be affecting populations of species that specialize on foraging on flying insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia R Cox
- 1 Department of Biology, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Ádám Z Lendvai
- 2 Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary.,3 Department of Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Kennedy Everitt
- 1 Department of Biology, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Frances Bonier
- 1 Department of Biology, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
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59
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Lee MS, Comas J, Stefanescu C, Albajes R. The Catalan butterfly monitoring scheme has the capacity to detect effects of modifying agricultural practices. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina S. Lee
- AGROTECNIO Center Universitat de Lleida Rovira Roure 191 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Jordi Comas
- Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Esteve Terrades, 8 08860 Castelldefels Barcelona Spain
| | - Constantí Stefanescu
- Butterfly Monitoring Scheme Museu Granollers‐Ciències Naturals Francesc Macià, 51 ES‐08402 Granollers Spain
| | - Ramon Albajes
- AGROTECNIO Center Universitat de Lleida Rovira Roure 191 25198 Lleida Spain
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Seidel M, Minoshima YN, Leschen RAB, Fikácek M. Phylogeny, systematics and rarity assessment of New Zealand endemic Saphydrus beetles and related enigmatic larvae (Coleoptera : Hydrophilidae : Cylominae). INVERTEBR SYST 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/is19041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The New Zealand endemic beetle genus Saphydrus Sharp, 1884 (Coleoptera:Hydrophilidae:Cylominae) is studied in order to understand its phylogenetic position, species-level systematics, biology and distribution, and to reveal reasons for its rarity. The first complete genus-level phylogeny of Cylominae based on two mitochondrial (cox1, 16S) and two nuclear genes (18S, 28S) covering 18 of 19 genera of the subfamily reveals Saphydrus as an isolated lineage situated in a clade with Cylorygmus (South America), Relictorygmus (South Africa) and Eurygmus (Australia). DNA is used to associate two larval morphotypes with Saphydrus: one of them represents the larvae of S. suffusus Sharp, 1884; the other, characterised by unique characters of the head and prothorax morphology, is revealed as sister but not closely related to Saphydrus. It is described here as Enigmahydrus, gen. nov. with a single species, E. larvalis, sp. nov., whose adult stage remains unknown. Saphydrus includes five species, two of which (S. moeldnerae, sp. nov. and S. tanemahuta, sp. nov.) are described as new. Larvae of Enigmahydrus larvalis and Saphydrus suffusus are described and illustrated in detail based on DNA-identified specimens. Candidate larvae for Saphydrus obesus Sharp, 1884 and S. tanemahuta are illustrated and diagnosed. Specimen data are used to evaluate the range, altitudinal distribution, seasonality and population dynamics over time for all species. Strongly seasonal occurrence of adults combined with other factors (winter occurrence in S. obesus, occurrence at high altitudes in S. tanemahuta) is hypothesised as the primary reason of the rarity for Saphydrus species. By contrast, Enigmahydrus larvalis underwent a strong decline in population number and size since the 1970s and is currently known from a single, locally limited population; we propose the ‘nationally threatened’ status for this species.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:28D87163-29E8-418C-9380-262D3038023A
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61
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Integrating biodiversity conservation in wider landscape management: Necessity, implementation and evaluation. ADV ECOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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62
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Portela MB, Rodrigues EI, de Sousa Rodrigues Filho CADSR, Rezende CF, de Oliveira TSD. Do ecological corridors increase the abundance of soil fauna? ECOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2019.1690933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliesé Idalino Rodrigues
- Department of Biology, Center for Education Open and Distance, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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63
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Leone JB, Larson DL, Larson JL, Pennarola N, Oberhauser K. Adult Monarch (Danaus plexippus) Abundance Is Higher in Burned Sites Than in Grazed Sites. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Evans LC, Sibly RM, Thorbek P, Sims I, Oliver TH, Walters RJ. Quantifying the effectiveness of agri-environment schemes for a grassland butterfly using individual-based models. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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65
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Greenwell MP, Brereton T, Day JC, Roy DB, Oliver TH. Predicting resilience of ecosystem functioning from co-varying species' responses to environmental change. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11775-11790. [PMID: 31695887 PMCID: PMC6822053 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how environmental change affects ecosystem function delivery is of primary importance for fundamental and applied ecology. Current approaches focus on single environmental driver effects on communities, mediated by individual response traits. Data limitations present constraints in scaling up this approach to predict the impacts of multivariate environmental change on ecosystem functioning. We present a more holistic approach to determine ecosystem function resilience, using long-term monitoring data to analyze the aggregate impact of multiple historic environmental drivers on species' population dynamics. By assessing covariation in population dynamics between pairs of species, we identify which species respond most synchronously to environmental change and allocate species into "response guilds." We then use "production functions" combining trait data to estimate the relative roles of species to ecosystem functions. We quantify the correlation between response guilds and production functions, assessing the resilience of ecosystem functioning to environmental change, with asynchronous dynamics of species in the same functional guild expected to lead to more stable ecosystem functioning. Testing this method using data for butterflies collected over four decades in the United Kingdom, we find three ecosystem functions (resource provisioning, wildflower pollination, and aesthetic cultural value) appear relatively robust, with functionally important species dispersed across response guilds, suggesting more stable ecosystem functioning. Additionally, by relating genetic distances to response guilds we assess the heritability of responses to environmental change. Our results suggest it may be feasible to infer population responses of butterflies to environmental change based on phylogeny-a useful insight for conservation management of rare species with limited population monitoring data. Our approach holds promise for overcoming the impasse in predicting the responses of ecosystem functions to environmental change. Quantifying co-varying species' responses to multivariate environmental change should enable us to significantly advance our predictions of ecosystem function resilience and enable proactive ecosystem management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John C. Day
- NERC Centre for Ecology & HydrologyWallingfordUK
| | - David B. Roy
- NERC Centre for Ecology & HydrologyWallingfordUK
| | - Tom H. Oliver
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
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de Andrade AC, Medeiros W, Adams M. Urban forest fragments as unexpected sanctuaries for the rare endemic ghost butterfly from the Atlantic forest. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10767-10776. [PMID: 31624580 PMCID: PMC6787818 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic land expansion, particularly urbanization, is pervasive, dramatically modifies the environment and is a major threat to wildlife with its associated environmental stressors. Urban remnant vegetation can help mitigate these impacts and could be vital for species unable to survive in harsh urban environments. Although resembling nonurban habitats, urban vegetation remnants are subject to additional environmental stresses. Here, we evaluate the occurrence and density of the endemic ghost butterfly (Morpho epistrophus nikolajewna) that was once common, in the highly fragmented Atlantic forest of NE Brazil. We tested whether this butterfly would be found at lower densities in urban forest fragments of contrasting sizes as opposed to rural ones, given the number of environmental stressors found in urban areas. We surveyed 14 forest fragments (range 2.8 to over 3,000 ha) of semideciduous Atlantic forest in rural and urban locations using transect based distance sampling. The ghost butterflies showed strong seasonality; flying only from April to June. They were only identified in an urban fragment (515 ha), with an estimate of 720 individuals and a density 1.4 ind/ha. All forest fragments had experienced some level of logging in the past, which might have had an effect in the butterfly population. Nevertheless, rural forest fragments were subject to increased particulate matter concentrations, associated to biomass burning that we suggest might have had a more influential role driving the collapse of rural populations. Our findings show the importance of urban forest remnants to sustain population of this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C. de Andrade
- Departamento de Engenharia e Meio AmbienteUniversidade Federal da ParaibaRio TintoBrazil
- Department of GeographyCentre of Urban EnviromentsUniversity of Toronto MississaugaTorontoONCanada
| | | | - Matthew Adams
- Department of GeographyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaTorontoONCanada
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Marull J, Herrando S, Brotons L, Melero Y, Pino J, Cattaneo C, Pons M, Llobet J, Tello E. Building on Margalef: Testing the links between landscape structure, energy and information flows driven by farming and biodiversity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 674:603-614. [PMID: 31026792 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to test two methodologies, applicable to different spatial scales (from regional to local), to predict the capacity of agroecosystems to provide habitats for the species richness of butterflies and birds, based on the ways their socio-metabolic flows change the ecological functionality of bio-cultural landscapes. First, we use the more general Intermediate Disturbance-Complexity (IDC) model to assess how different levels of human appropriation of photosynthetic production affect the landscape functional structure that hosts biodiversity. Second, we apply a more detailed Energy-Landscape Integrated Analysis (ELIA) model that focusses on the energy storage carried out by the internal biomass loops, and the energy information held in the network of energy flows driven by farmers, in order to correlate both (the energy reinvested and redistributed) with the energy imprinted in the landscape patterns and processes that sustain biodiversity. The results obtained after applying both models in the province and the metropolitan region of Barcelona support the Margalef's energy-information-structure hypothesis by showing positive relations between butterflies' species richness, IDC and ELIA, and between birds' species richness and energy information. Our findings support the view that strong relationships between farming energy flows, agroecosystem functioning and biodiversity can be detected, and highlight the importance of farmers' knowledge and labour to maintain bio-cultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Marull
- IERMB, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Sergi Herrando
- Catalan Ornithological Institute, Natural History Museum of Barcelona, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; CREAF, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Lluís Brotons
- Catalan Ornithological Institute, Natural History Museum of Barcelona, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; CREAF, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; InForest Jru (CTFC-CREAF), Crta. Antiga St Llorenç de Morunys km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Yolanda Melero
- CREAF, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, RG6 6AS, UK
| | - Joan Pino
- CREAF, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Claudio Cattaneo
- Department of Environmental Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Manel Pons
- IERMB, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Llobet
- IERMB, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Enric Tello
- Department of Economic History and Institutions, Barcelona University, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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68
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Butterfly abundance declines over 20 years of systematic monitoring in Ohio, USA. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216270. [PMID: 31287815 PMCID: PMC6615595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe insect declines make headlines, but they are rarely based on systematic monitoring outside of Europe. We estimate the rate of change in total butterfly abundance and the population trends for 81 species using 21 years of systematic monitoring in Ohio, USA. Total abundance is declining at 2% per year, resulting in a cumulative 33% reduction in butterfly abundance. Three times as many species have negative population trends compared to positive trends. The rate of total decline and the proportion of species in decline mirror those documented in three comparable long-term European monitoring programs. Multiple environmental changes such as climate change, habitat degradation, and agricultural practices may contribute to these declines in Ohio and shift the makeup of the butterfly community by benefiting some species over others. Our analysis of life-history traits associated with population trends shows an impact of climate change, as species with northern distributions and fewer annual generations declined more rapidly. However, even common and invasive species associated with human-dominated landscapes are declining, suggesting widespread environmental causes for these trends. Declines in common species, although they may not be close to extinction, will have an outsized impact on the ecosystem services provided by insects. These results from the most extensive, systematic insect monitoring program in North America demonstrate an ongoing defaunation in butterflies that on an annual scale might be imperceptible, but cumulatively has reduced butterfly numbers by a third over 20 years.
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69
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Luk C, Basset Y, Kongnoo P, Hau BCH, Bonebrake TC. Inter‐annual monitoring improves diversity estimation of tropical butterfly assemblages. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chung‐Lim Luk
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yves Basset
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama
- Maestria de Entomologia Universidad de Panama Panama City Panama
- Institute of Entomology Biology Centre CAS Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Pitoon Kongnoo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Mengla China
- Center for Tropical Forest Science Khao Chong Botanical Garden Trang Thailand
| | - Billy C. H. Hau
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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70
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Cerrato C, Rocchia E, Brunetti M, Bionda R, Bassano B, Provenzale A, Bonelli S, Viterbi R. Butterfly distribution along altitudinal gradients: temporal changes over a short time period. NATURE CONSERVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.34.30728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mountain ecosystems are particularly sensitive to changes in climate and land cover, but at the same time, they can offer important refuges for species on the opposite of the more altered lowlands. To explore the potential role of mountain ecosystems in butterfly conservation and to assess the vulnerability of the alpine species, we analyzed the short-term changes (2006–2008 vs. 2012–2013) of butterflies’ distribution along altitudinal gradients in the NW Italian Alps. We sampled butterfly communities once a month (62 sampling stations, 3 seasonal replicates per year, from June to August) by semi-quantitative sampling techniques. The monitored gradient ranges from the montane to the alpine belt (600–2700 m a.s.l.) within three protected areas: Gran Paradiso National Park (LTER, Sitecode: LTER_EU_IT_109), Orsiera Rocciavrè Natural Park and Veglia Devero Natural Park. We investigated butterflies’ temporal changes in accordance with a hierarchical approach to assess potential relationships between species and community level. As a first step, we characterized each species in terms of habitat requirements, elevational range and temperature preferences and we compared plot occupancy and altitudinal range changes between time periods (2006–2008 vs. 2012–2013). Secondly, we focused on community level, analyzing species richness and community composition temporal changes. The species level analysis highlighted a general increase in mean occupancy level and significant changes at both altitudinal boundaries. Looking at the ecological groups, we observed an increase of generalist and highly mobile species at the expense of the specialist and less mobile ones. For the community level, we noticed a significant increase in species richness, in the community temperature index and a tendency towards homogenization within communities. Besides the short time period considered, butterflies species distribution and communities changed considerably. In light of these results, it is fundamental to continue monitoring activities to understand if we are facing transient changes or first signals of an imminent trend.
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71
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Termaat T, van Strien AJ, van Grunsven RHA, De Knijf G, Bjelke U, Burbach K, Conze K, Goffart P, Hepper D, Kalkman VJ, Motte G, Prins MD, Prunier F, Sparrow D, van den Top GG, Vanappelghem C, Winterholler M, WallisDeVries MF. Distribution trends of European dragonflies under climate change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Termaat
- De Vlinderstichting/Dutch Butterfly Conservation Wageningen The Netherlands
- Bosgroep Midden Nederland Ede The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Geert De Knijf
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest Brussels Belgium
| | - Ulf Bjelke
- Swedish Biodiversity Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | | | | | - Philippe Goffart
- Direction générale opérationnelle Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et Environnement (DGARNE), Département de l'Etude du Milieu Naturel et Agricole, Direction de la Nature et de l'Eau Service public de Wallonie Gembloux Belgium
| | | | - Vincent J. Kalkman
- European Invertebrate Survey—The Netherlands Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Grégory Motte
- Direction générale opérationnelle Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et Environnement (DGARNE), Département de l'Etude du Milieu Naturel et Agricole, Direction de la Nature et de l'Eau Service public de Wallonie Gembloux Belgium
| | - Marijn D. Prins
- De Vlinderstichting/Dutch Butterfly Conservation Wageningen The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Cédric Vanappelghem
- Société française d'odonatologie Bois d'Arcy France
- Unité “Evolution, Ecologie, Paléontologie”, UMR CNRS 8198 Bat. SN2 Université de Lille Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | | | - Michiel F. WallisDeVries
- De Vlinderstichting/Dutch Butterfly Conservation Wageningen The Netherlands
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
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72
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Gaigher R, Pryke JS, Samways MJ. Divergent fire management leads to multiple beneficial outcomes for butterfly conservation in a production mosaic. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Gaigher
- Department of Conservation Ecology and EntomologyStellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - James S. Pryke
- Department of Conservation Ecology and EntomologyStellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - Michael J. Samways
- Department of Conservation Ecology and EntomologyStellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
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73
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Gradish A, Keyghobadi N, Sperling F, Otis G. Population genetic structure and assessment of allochronic divergence in the Macoun’s Arctic (Oeneis macounii) butterfly. CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Patterns in the genetic variation of species can be used to infer their specific demographic and evolutionary history and provide insight into the general mechanisms underlying population divergence and speciation. The Macoun’s Arctic (Oeneis macounii (W.H. Edwards, 1885); MA) butterfly occurs across Canada and parts of the northern United States in association with jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon). MA’s current distribution is highly fragmented, and the extent of reproductive isolation among allopatric populations is unknown. Furthermore, although MA is biennial, adults emerge every year in some populations. These populations presumably consist of two alternate-year cohorts, providing the opportunity for sympatric divergence via allochronic isolation. Using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, we analyzed MA’s genetic structure to determine the current and historical role of allopatric and allochronic isolation in MA population divergence. Both markers revealed high diversity and a low, but significant, degree of spatial structure and pattern of isolation by distance. Phylogeographic structure was generally absent, with low divergence among mtDNA haplotypes. MA likely exhibits low dispersal and gene flow among most allopatric populations; however, there was no evidence of differentiation resulting from allochronic isolation for sympatric cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.E. Gradish
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - N. Keyghobadi
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - F.A.H. Sperling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - G.W. Otis
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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74
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Henriques NR, Beirão MDV, Brasil E, Cornelissen T. Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) from the campos rupestres of Serra de São José, Minas Gerais, Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract We provide the first inventory of butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in Serra de São José, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Serra de São José has elevations ranging from 800 m to 1,400 m above sea level; the butterflies were sampled using traps and entomological nets in seven plots along the altitudinal gradient. We recorded 647 butterflies belonging to 112 species and six families. We also recorded one threatened species and three endemic species for the Cerrado domain, which suggests that Serra de São José is an important refuge for butterfly conservation.
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75
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Arrowsmith J, Shivaprakash KN, Larrivée M, Turgeon J, Lessard J. Environmental filtering along a broad‐scale acidity gradient shapes the structure of odonate communities. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Arrowsmith
- Department of Biology Concordia University Montreal Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | | | - Maxim Larrivée
- Insectarium Montreal Space for Life Montreal Québec H1X 2B2 Canada
| | - Julie Turgeon
- Department of Biology Laval University Québec City Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
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76
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Hill RI, Rush CE, Mayberry J. Larval Food Limitation in a Speyeria Butterfly (Nymphalidae): How Many Butterflies Can Be Supported? INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9040179. [PMID: 30513808 PMCID: PMC6316225 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For herbivorous insects the importance of larval food plants is obvious, yet the role of host abundance and density in conservation are relatively understudied. Populations of Speyeria butterflies across North America have declined and Speyeria adiaste is an imperiled species endemic to the southern California Coast Ranges. In this paper, we study the link between the food plant Viola purpurea quercetorum and abundance of its herbivore Speyeria adiaste clemencei to better understand the butterfly’s decline and aid in restoration of this and other Speyeria species. To assess the degree to which the larval food plant limits adult abundance of S. a. clemencei in 2013, we compared adult population counts to population size predicted from a Monte Carlo simulation using data for number of V. pur. quercetorum plants, number of leaves per plant, and leaf area per plant, with lab estimates of leaf area consumed to reach pupal stage on the non-native host V. papilionacea. Results indicated an average estimate of 765 pupae (median = 478), with 77% of the distribution being <1000 pupae. However, this was heavily dependent on plant distribution, and accounting for the number of transect segments with sufficient host to support a pupa predicted 371 pupae. The adult population empirical estimate was 227 individuals (95% CI is 146 to 392), which lies near the first quartile of the simulated distribution. These results indicate that the amount of host available to larvae was more closely linked to adult abundance than the amount of host present, especially when considering assumptions of the analyses. The data also indicate that robust populations require host density well in excess of what is eaten by larvae, in combination with appropriate spacing, to mitigate factors such as competition, starvation from leaving host patches, or unrelated to food plant, such as mortality from drought, predators, parasites, or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan I Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Cassidi E Rush
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - John Mayberry
- Department of Mathematics, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
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77
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78
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Aguilera G, Ekroos J, Persson AS, Pettersson LB, Öckinger E. Intensive management reduces butterfly diversity over time in urban green spaces. Urban Ecosyst 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-018-0818-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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79
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How should we view temperate semi-natural grasslands? Insights from butterflies in Japan. Glob Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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80
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Diversity and concordance in the composition of butterfly assemblages of the Transcarpathian (Bereg) plain (SW Ukraine). Biologia (Bratisl) 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-018-0102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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81
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Vaughan SC, Lin HT, Trimmer BA. Caterpillar Climbing: Robust, Tension-Based Omni-Directional Locomotion. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:5033588. [PMID: 29878231 PMCID: PMC6007585 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Animals that must transition from horizontal to inclined or vertical surfaces typically change their locomotion strategy to compensate for the relative shift in gravitational forces. The species that have been studied have stiff articulated skeletons that allow them to redistribute ground reaction forces (GRFs) to control traction. Most also change their stepping patterns to maintain stability as they climb. In contrast, caterpillars, most of which are highly scansorial, soft-bodied, and lack rigid support or joints, can move with the same general kinematics in all orientations. In this study, we measure the GRFs exerted by the abdominal prolegs of Manduca sexta (Linnaeus) during locomotion. We show that, despite the orthogonal shift in gravitational forces, caterpillars use the same tension-based environmental skeleton strategy to crawl horizontally and to climb vertically. Furthermore, the transition from horizontal to vertical surfaces does not seem to require a change in gait; instead gravitational loading is used to help maintain a stance-phase body tension against which the muscles can pull the body upwards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huai-ti Lin
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - Barry A Trimmer
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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82
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Middleton‐Welling J, Wade RA, Dennis RLH, Dapporto L, Shreeve TG. Optimising trait and source selection for explaining occurrence and abundance changes: A case study using British butterflies. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Middleton‐Welling
- Centre for Ecology, Environment and ConservationFaculty of Health and Life SciencesOxford Brookes University Headington, Oxford UK
| | - Rachel A. Wade
- Centre for Ecology, Environment and ConservationFaculty of Health and Life SciencesOxford Brookes University Headington, Oxford UK
| | - Roger L. H. Dennis
- Centre for Ecology, Environment and ConservationFaculty of Health and Life SciencesOxford Brookes University Headington, Oxford UK
- School of Life Sciences and EducationScience CentreStaffordshire University Stoke‐on‐Trent UK
| | | | - Tim G. Shreeve
- Centre for Ecology, Environment and ConservationFaculty of Health and Life SciencesOxford Brookes University Headington, Oxford UK
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83
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Evaluating Presence Data versus Expert Opinions to Assess Occurrence, Habitat Preferences and Landscape Permeability: A Case Study of Butterflies. ENVIRONMENTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/environments5030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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84
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Giménez-Benavides L, Escudero A, García-Camacho R, García-Fernández A, Iriondo JM, Lara-Romero C, Morente-López J. How does climate change affect regeneration of Mediterranean high-mountain plants? An integration and synthesis of current knowledge. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20 Suppl 1:50-62. [PMID: 28985449 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean mountains are extraordinarily diverse and hold a high proportion of endemic plants, but they are particularly vulnerable to climate change, and most species distribution models project drastic changes in community composition. Retrospective studies and long-term monitoring also highlight that Mediterranean high-mountain plants are suffering severe range contractions. The aim of this work is to review the current knowledge of climate change impacts on the process of plant regeneration by seed in Mediterranean high-mountain plants, by combining available information from observational and experimental studies. We also discuss some processes that may provide resilience against changing environmental conditions and suggest some research priorities for the future. With some exceptions, there is still little evidence of the direct effects of climate change on pollination and reproductive success of Mediterranean high-mountain plants, and most works are observational and/or centred only in the post-dispersal stages (germination and establishment). The great majority of studies agree that the characteristic summer drought and the extreme heatwaves, which are projected to be more intense in the future, are the most limiting factors for the regeneration process. However, there is an urgent need for studies combining elevational gradient approaches with experimental manipulations of temperature and drought to confirm the magnitude and variability of species' responses. There is also limited knowledge about the ability of Mediterranean high-mountain plants to cope with climate change through phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation processes. This could be achieved by performing common garden and reciprocal translocation experiments with species differing in life history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Giménez-Benavides
- Department Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-ESCET, C/Tulipán, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Escudero
- Department Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-ESCET, C/Tulipán, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - R García-Camacho
- Department Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-ESCET, C/Tulipán, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - A García-Fernández
- Department Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-ESCET, C/Tulipán, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Iriondo
- Department Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-ESCET, C/Tulipán, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Lara-Romero
- Global Change Research Department, Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - J Morente-López
- Department Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-ESCET, C/Tulipán, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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85
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Fierro P, Bertrán C, Tapia J, Hauenstein E, Peña-Cortés F, Vergara C, Cerna C, Vargas-Chacoff L. Effects of local land-use on riparian vegetation, water quality, and the functional organization of macroinvertebrate assemblages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:724-734. [PMID: 28763669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change is a principal factor affecting riparian vegetation and river biodiversity. In Chile, land-use change has drastically intensified over the last decade, with native forests converted to exotic forest plantations and agricultural land. However, the effects thereof on aquatic ecosystems are not well understood. Closing this knowledge gap first requires understanding how human perturbations affect riparian and stream biota. Identified biological indicators could then be applied to determine the health of fluvial ecosystems. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of land-use change on the health of riparian and aquatic ecosystems by assessing riparian vegetation, water quality, benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, and functional feeding groups. Twenty-one sites in catchment areas with different land-uses (i.e. pristine forests, native forests, exotic forest plantations, and agricultural land) were selected and sampled during the 2010 to 2012 dry seasons. Riparian vegetation quality was highest in pristine forests. Per the modified Macroinvertebrate Family Biotic Index for Chilean species, the best conditions existed in native forests and the worst in agricultural catchments. Water quality and macroinvertebrate assemblages significantly varied across land-use areas, with forest plantations and agricultural land having high nutrient concentrations, conductivity, suspended solids, and apparent color. Macroinvertebrate assemblage diversity was lowest for agricultural and exotic forest plantation catchments, with notable non-insect representation. Collector-gatherers were the most abundant functional feeding group, suggesting importance independent of land-use. Land-use areas showed no significant differences in functional feeding groups. In conclusion, anthropogenic land-use changes were detectable through riparian quality, water quality, and macroinvertebrate assemblages, but not through functional feeding groups. These data, particularly the riparian vegetation and macroinvertebrate assemblage parameters, could be applied towards the conservation and management of riparian ecosystems through land-use change studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fierro
- Institute of Marine Science and Limnology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile; Center of Environmental Sciences EULA-CHILE, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
| | - Carlos Bertrán
- Institute of Marine Science and Limnology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Jaime Tapia
- Institute of Chemistry and Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca, Chile
| | | | | | - Carolina Vergara
- Center of Environmental Sciences EULA-CHILE, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Cindy Cerna
- Center of Environmental Sciences EULA-CHILE, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Institute of Marine Science and Limnology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
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86
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Sambhu H, Northfield T, Nankishore A, Ansari A, Turton S. Tropical Rainforest and Human-Modified Landscapes Support Unique Butterfly Communities That Differ in Abundance and Diversity. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:1225-1234. [PMID: 29053788 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests account for at least 50% of documented diversity, but anthropogenic activities are converting forests to agriculture and urban areas at an alarming rate, with potentially strong effects on insect abundance and diversity. However, the questions remain whether insect populations are uniformly affected by land conversion and if insect conservation can occur in agricultural margins and urban gardens. We compare butterfly populations in tropical secondary forests to those found in sugarcane and urban areas in coastal Guyana and evaluate the potential for particular butterfly communities to inhabit human-modified landscapes. Butterflies were sampled for 1 yr using fruit-baited traps in three separated geographical locations on the coast. We used nonmetric multidimensional scaling to assess differences in species assemblages and a generalized linear mixed model to evaluate abundance, species richness, evenness, and diversity. The secondary forests in all three locations supported higher butterfly abundance and diversity than other human-modified areas, although the magnitude of this effect varied by season and location. However, each land use supported its own type of butterfly community, as species composition was different across the three land uses. Sugarcane field margins and urban gardens supported populations of butterflies rarely found in our tropical secondary forest sites. Land management practices that encourage forest conservation along with butterfly-friendly activities in human settlements and agricultural areas could improve butterfly conservation. To this end, butterfly conservation in Guyana and other tropical landscapes would benefit from a shift from inadvertently to actively making the landscape attractive for butterflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemchandranauth Sambhu
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns Campus, Australia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, Guyana
| | - Tobin Northfield
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns Campus, Australia
| | | | - Abdullah Ansari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, Guyana
| | - Stephen Turton
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns Campus, Australia
- Central Queensland University, Cnr Shields and Abbott Streets, Australia
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87
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Turlure C, Pe'er G, Baguette M, Schtickzelle N. A simplified mark–release–recapture protocol to improve the cost effectiveness of repeated population size quantification. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Turlure
- Université catholique de LouvainEarth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse IIISETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleUMR 5321 Moulis France
| | - Guy Pe'er
- Department of Conservation BiologyUFZ ‐ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Michel Baguette
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse IIISETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleUMR 5321 Moulis France
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Sorbonne Universités)UMR 7205 Institut de SystématiqueEvolution et Biodiversité Paris France
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Université catholique de LouvainEarth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
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88
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Wiegardt A, Wolfe J, Ralph CJ, Stephens JL, Alexander J. Postbreeding elevational movements of western songbirds in Northern California and Southern Oregon. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7750-7764. [PMID: 29043031 PMCID: PMC5632634 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory species employ a variety of strategies to meet energetic demands of postbreeding molt. As such, at least a few species of western Neotropical migrants are known to undergo short‐distance upslope movements to locations where adults molt body and flight feathers (altitudinal molt migration). Given inherent difficulties in measuring subtle movements of birds occurring in western mountains, we believe that altitudinal molt migration may be a common yet poorly documented phenomenon. To examine prevalence of altitudinal molt migration, we used 29 years of bird capture data in a series of linear mixed‐effect models for nine commonly captured species that breed in northern California and southern Oregon. Candidate models were formulated a priori to examine whether elevation and distance from the coast can be used to predict abundance of breeding and molting birds. Our results suggest that long‐distance migrants such as Orange‐crowned Warbler (Oreothlypis celata) moved higher in elevation and Audubon's Warbler (Setophaga coronata) moved farther inland to molt after breeding. Conversely, for resident and short‐distance migrants, we found evidence that birds either remained on the breeding grounds until they finished molting, such as Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) or made small downslope movements, such as American Robin (Turdus migratorius). We conclude that altitudinal molt migration may be a common, variable, and complex behavior among western songbird communities and is related to other aspects of a species’ natural history, such as migratory strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wiegardt
- Klamath Bird Observatory Ashland OR USA.,Redwood Sciences Laboratory USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station Arcata CA USA
| | - Jared Wolfe
- Klamath Bird Observatory Ashland OR USA.,Redwood Sciences Laboratory USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station Arcata CA USA
| | - C John Ralph
- Klamath Bird Observatory Ashland OR USA.,Redwood Sciences Laboratory USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station Arcata CA USA
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89
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Newson SE, Bas Y, Murray A, Gillings S. Potential for coupling the monitoring of bush‐crickets with established large‐scale acoustic monitoring of bats. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart E. Newson
- British Trust for Ornithology The Nunnery Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU UK
| | - Yves Bas
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation Science UMR7204‐MNHN‐CNRS‐UPMC Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 55 rue Buffon 75005 Paris France
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 CNRS 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Ash Murray
- Natural England Offices Smithy Workshops Wolferton, King's Lynn, Norfolk PE31 6HA UK
| | - Simon Gillings
- British Trust for Ornithology The Nunnery Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU UK
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90
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Schultz CB, Pe'er BG, Damiani C, Brown L, Crone EE. Does movement behaviour predict population densities? A test with 25 butterfly species. J Anim Ecol 2017; 86:384-393. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl B. Schultz
- Washington State University; School of Biological Sciences; Vancouver WA 98686 USA
| | - B. Guy Pe'er
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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91
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Scriven SA, Beale CM, Benedick S, Hill JK. Barriers to dispersal of rain forest butterflies in tropical agricultural landscapes. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin M. Beale
- Department of Biology; University of York; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Suzan Benedick
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Beg Berkunci No. 3 90509 Sandakan Sabah Malaysia
| | - Jane K. Hill
- Department of Biology; University of York; York YO10 5DD UK
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92
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Thomas
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
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93
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Ramírez-Restrepo L, MacGregor-Fors I. Butterflies in the city: a review of urban diurnal Lepidoptera. Urban Ecosyst 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-016-0579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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94
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Genetic structure of Parnassius mnemosyne (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) populations in the Carpathian Basin. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-016-0281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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95
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Pettersson L, Videvall E, Öckinger E. Butterfly monitoring using systematically placed transects in contrasting climatic regions – exploring an established spatial design for sampling. NATURE CONSERVATION 2016. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.14.7497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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96
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Large-scale semi-automated acoustic monitoring allows to detect temporal decline of bush-crickets. Glob Ecol Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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97
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Dennis EB, Morgan BJT, Freeman SN, Brereton TM, Roy DB. A generalized abundance index for seasonal invertebrates. Biometrics 2016; 72:1305-1314. [PMID: 27003561 DOI: 10.1111/biom.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
At a time of climate change and major loss of biodiversity, it is important to have efficient tools for monitoring populations. In this context, animal abundance indices play an important rôle. In producing indices for invertebrates, it is important to account for variation in counts within seasons. Two new methods for describing seasonal variation in invertebrate counts have recently been proposed; one is nonparametric, using generalized additive models, and the other is parametric, based on stopover models. We present a novel generalized abundance index which encompasses both parametric and nonparametric approaches. It is extremely efficient to compute this index due to the use of concentrated likelihood techniques. This has particular relevance for the analysis of data from long-term extensive monitoring schemes with records for many species and sites, for which existing modeling techniques can be prohibitively time consuming. Performance of the index is demonstrated by several applications to UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme data. We demonstrate the potential for new insights into both phenology and spatial variation in seasonal patterns from parametric modeling and the incorporation of covariate dependence, which is relevant for both monitoring and conservation. Associated R code is available on the journal website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Dennis
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, U.K.,Butterfly Conservation, Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, U.K
| | - Byron J T Morgan
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, U.K
| | - Stephen N Freeman
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, U.K
| | - Tom M Brereton
- Butterfly Conservation, Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, U.K
| | - David B Roy
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, U.K
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98
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Donoso I, Stefanescu C, Martínez-Abraín A, Traveset A. Phenological asynchrony in plant-butterfly interactions associated with climate: a community-wide perspective. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Donoso
- Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINC-Global), Inst. Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Terrestrial Ecology Group; C/ Miquel Marqués 21 ES-07190 Esporles Mallorca Spain
- Dept. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Univ. de Oviedo, Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB, CSIC-UO-PA); ES-33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Constantí Stefanescu
- Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, Museu de Ciències Naturals de Granollers; Francesc Macià 51 ES-08402 Granollers Spain
- CREAF; ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Abraín
- Inst. Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB); C/Miquel Marqués 21 ES-07190 Esporles Mallorca Spain
- Depto de Bioloxia Animal, Bioloxia Vexetal e Ecoloxia; Univ. da Coruña; Campus da Zapateira s/n ES-15071 A Coruña Spain
| | - Anna Traveset
- Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINC-Global), Inst. Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Terrestrial Ecology Group; C/ Miquel Marqués 21 ES-07190 Esporles Mallorca Spain
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100
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