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The Adaptive Complexity of Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2018:5837235. [PMID: 30627563 PMCID: PMC6304530 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5837235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment options are expanding to the benefit of significant segments of patients. However, their therapeutic power is not equally realized for all cancer patients due to drug toxicity and disease resistance. Overcoming these therapeutic challenges would require a better understanding of the adaptive survival mechanisms of cancer. In this respect, an integrated view of the disease as a complex adaptive system is proposed as a framework to explain the dynamic coupling between the various drivers underlying tumor growth and cancer resistance to therapy. In light of this system view of cancer, the immune system is in principal the most appropriate and naturally available therapeutic instrument that can thwart the adaptive survival mechanisms of cancer. In this respect, new cancer therapies should aim at restoring immunosurveillance by priming the induction of an effective immune response through a judicious targeting of immunosuppression, inflammation, and the tumor nutritional lifeline extended by the tumor microenvironment.
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Zhu A, Li X, Wu H, Miao Z, Yuan F, Zhang F, Wang B, Zhou Y. Molecular mechanism of SSFA2 deletion inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis in glioma. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 215:600-606. [PMID: 30712887 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain malignant tumors in humans. Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most malignant intracranial tumor with a relatively poor prognosis. There promote us to find effective anti-cancer therapies to reduce cancer mortality. By using bioinformatic analysis, we found SSFA2 as a gene with elevated expression in the glioma tissues. We detected the expression of SSFA2 in glioma tissues and in the glioma cell lines, as well as in normal brain tissues. SSFA2 expression was higher in glioma tissues, especially in glioblastoma multiforme than normal brain tissues. Subsequently, we found that down-regulate SSFA2 in glioma cell lines can regulate the cell cycle to reduce the proliferation ability and induce the early apoptosis rate in shSSFA2 cells relative to control cells. Moreover, we found that down-regulate SSFA2 in glioma cell line U87(shSSFA2-U87) inhibited the growth effectiveness compared to the control cell line U87. These result reveals us that SSFA2 may act as oncogene to promote the progression of glioma. For further research specific mechanisms of SSFA2 in gliomas, we used the gene chip to detect the downstream gene in U87. We found that 30 genes also may be as target gene of SSFA2, and we testify the protein expression by western-blot. The result reveal that IL1A, IL1B and CDK6 as target gene of SSFA2 to regulate the progression of glioma. These finding suggest that SSFA2 could be a new therapeutic target for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurosurgery of Wuxi Third People's Hospital Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan North Road, Wuxi, 214041, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuetao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongning Miao
- The Research Institute of Wuxi Third People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan North Road, Wuxi, 214041, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenglai Yuan
- The Research Institute of Wuxi Third People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan North Road, Wuxi, 214041, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Research Institute of Wuxi Third People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan North Road, Wuxi, 214041, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Wang
- The Research Institute of Wuxi Third People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 585 Xingyuan North Road, Wuxi, 214041, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youxin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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53
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Drug and disease signature integration identifies synergistic combinations in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5315. [PMID: 30552330 PMCID: PMC6294341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary adult brain tumor. Despite extensive efforts, the median survival for GBM patients is approximately 14 months. GBM therapy could benefit greatly from patient-specific targeted therapies that maximize treatment efficacy. Here we report a platform termed SynergySeq to identify drug combinations for the treatment of GBM by integrating information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS). We identify differentially expressed genes in GBM samples and devise a consensus gene expression signature for each compound using LINCS L1000 transcriptional profiling data. The SynergySeq platform computes disease discordance and drug concordance to identify combinations of FDA-approved drugs that induce a synergistic response in GBM. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that combining disease-specific gene expression signatures with LINCS small molecule perturbagen-response signatures can identify preclinical combinations for GBM, which can potentially be tested in humans. Inherent or acquired resistance to treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) is nearly universal. Here, the authors introduce a platform to identify synergistic drug combinations for patient-specific treatment of GBM based on gene expression signatures and small molecule perturbation-response profiles.
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54
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Lai H, Wang Y, Duan F, Li Y, Jiang Z, Luo L, Liu L, Leung ELH, Yao X. Krukovine Suppresses KRAS-Mutated Lung Cancer Cell Growth and Proliferation by Inhibiting the RAF-ERK Pathway and Inactivating AKT Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:958. [PMID: 30186180 PMCID: PMC6113384 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic activation of the KRAS gene via point mutations occurs in 20–30% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The RAS-RAF-ERK and RAS-PI3K-AKT pathways are the major hyper-activated downstream pathways in RAS mutation, which promotes the unlimited lifecycle of cancer cells and their metastasis in humans. However, the success of targeted therapy is restricted by many factors. Herein, we show a new pharmacological KRAS signaling inhibitor krukovine, which is a small molecular bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, isolated from the bark of Abuta grandifolia (Mart.) Sandw. (Menispermaceae). This alkaloid targets the KRAS downstream signaling pathways in different NSCLC cell lines, such as H460 and A549, which are established by KRAS mutations. In the present study, we initially investigated the anti-cancer activities of krukovine in KRAS-mutated NSCLC cell lines, as well as KRAS wild type cancer cell line and normal lung cell. Results indicated that krukovine can inhibit the growth and dose-dependently inhibit the colony formation capacity and wound healing ability of H460 and A549. This cytotoxic effect is associated with the induction of cell apoptosis and G1 arrest in those cell lines. Krukovine treatment also suppressed the C-RAF, ERK, AKT, PI3K, p70s6k, and mTOR phosphorylation in H460 and A549. This finding suggests that krukovine represses the growth and proliferation of KRAS-mutated cells by inactivating AKT signaling pathway and downregulating the RAF-ERK signaling pathway. This study provides detailed insights into the novel cytotoxic mechanism of an anti-cancer compound from an herbal plant and promotes the anti-cancer potential of krukovine in NSCLC with KRAS mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanling Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Yuwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Fugang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Zebo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Elaine L H Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
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55
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Rashid MBMA, Toh TB, Hooi L, Silva A, Zhang Y, Tan PF, Teh AL, Karnani N, Jha S, Ho CM, Chng WJ, Ho D, Chow EKH. Optimizing drug combinations against multiple myeloma using a quadratic phenotypic optimization platform (QPOP). Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/453/eaan0941. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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56
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Metformin enhances cisplatin induced inhibition of cholangiocarcinoma cells via AMPK-mTOR pathway. Life Sci 2018; 207:172-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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57
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Lin CH, Jokela T, Gray J, LaBarge MA. Combinatorial Microenvironments Impose a Continuum of Cellular Responses to a Single Pathway-Targeted Anti-cancer Compound. Cell Rep 2018; 21:533-545. [PMID: 29020637 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are a driver of resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Dissecting cell-microenvironment interactions into tractable units of study presents a challenge. Here, we assess the impact of hundreds of tumor-inspired microenvironments, in parallel, on lapatinib responses in four cancer cell lines. Combinations of ECM and soluble factors were printed on stiffness-tunable substrata to generate a collection of controlled microenvironments in which to explore cell-based functional responses. Proliferation, HER2 protein expression and phosphorylation, and morphology were measured in single cells. Using dimension reduction and linear modeling, the effects of microenvironment constituents were identified and then validated empirically. Each of the cell lines exhibits unique microenvironment-response patterns. Fibronectin, type IV collagen, and matrix rigidity are significant regulators of lapatinib resistance in HER2-amplified breast cancer cells. Small-molecule inhibitors were identified that could attenuate microenvironment-imposed resistance. Thus, we demonstrate a strategy to identify resistance- and sensitivity-driving microenvironments to improve the efficacy of anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Lin
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tiina Jokela
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Center for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Joe Gray
- Department of Bioengineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Mark A LaBarge
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen 5009, Norway.
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58
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Farhadihosseinabadi B, Hosseini F, Larki P, Bagheri N, Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi K, Sinehsepehr K, Johari B, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M. Breast Cancer: Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Management. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.12.5.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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59
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Tai LW, Pan Z, Sun L, Li H, Gu P, Wong SSC, Chung SK, Cheung CW. Suppression of Pax2 Attenuates Allodynia and Hyperalgesia through ET-1-ETAR-NFAT5 Signaling in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. Neuroscience 2018; 384:139-151. [PMID: 29847776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptors (ETAR/ETBR) emerge to be a key signaling axis in neuropathic pain processing and are recognized as new therapeutic targets. Yet, little is known on the functional regulation of ET-1 axis during neuropathic pain. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that paired box gene 2 (Pax2) or nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5), two transcription factors involved in the modulation of neurotransmission, may regulate ET-1. Therefore, we hypothesized that ET-1 axis may be regulated by Pax2 or NFAT5 in the development of neuropathic pain. After partial sciatic nerve ligation (pSNL), rats displayed allodynia and hyperalgesia, which was associated with increased mRNA and protein expressions of spinal Pax2, NFAT5, and mRNA levels of ET-1 and ETAR, but not ETBR. Knockdown of Pax2 or NFAT5 with siRNA, or inhibition of ETAR with BQ-123 attenuated pSNL-induced pain-like behaviors. At molecular level, Pax2 siRNA, but not NFAT5 siRNA, downregulated ET-1 and ETAR, while ETAR inhibitor reduced NFAT5, indicating Pax2 in the upstream of ET-1 axis with NFAT5 in the downstream. Further, suppression of Pax2 (inhibiting ET-1) or impairment of ET-1 signaling (inhibition of ETAR and/or decrease of NFAT5) deactivated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways, supporting the significance of functional regulation of ET-1 axis in neuropathic pain signaling. These findings demonstrate that Pax2 targeting ET-1-ETAR-NFAT5 is a novel regulatory mechanism underlying neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Wai Tai
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liting Sun
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Gu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stanley Sau Ching Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sookja K Chung
- Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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60
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Zhou Y, Cui Q. Comparative Analysis of Human Genes Frequently and Occasionally Regulated by m 6A Modification. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:127-135. [PMID: 29730206 PMCID: PMC6112303 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The m6A modification has been implicated as an important epitranscriptomic marker, which plays extensive roles in the regulation of transcript stability, splicing, translation, and localization. Nevertheless, only some genes are repeatedly modified across various conditions and the principle of m6A regulation remains elusive. In this study, we performed a systems-level analysis of human genes frequently regulated by m6A modification (m6Afreq genes) and those occasionally regulated by m6A modification (m6Aocca genes). Compared to the m6Aocca genes, the m6Afreq genes exhibit gene importance-related features, such as lower dN/dS ratio, higher protein–protein interaction network degree, and reduced tissue expression specificity. Signaling network analysis indicates that the m6Afreq genes are associated with downstream components of signaling cascades, high-linked signaling adaptors, and specific network motifs like incoherent feed forward loops. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis indicates significant overlaps between the m6Afreq genes and genes involved in various layers of gene expression, such as being the microRNA targets and the regulators of RNA processing. Therefore, our findings suggest the potential interplay between m6A epitranscriptomic regulation and other gene expression regulatory machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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61
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Song K, Yuan Y, Lin Y, Wang YX, Zhou J, Gai QJ, Zhang L, Mao M, Yao XX, Qin Y, Lu HM, Zhang X, Cui YH, Bian XW, Zhang X, Wang Y. ERBB3, IGF1R, and TGFBR2 expression correlate with PDGFR expression in glioblastoma and participate in PDGFR inhibitor resistance of glioblastoma cells. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:792-809. [PMID: 29888103 PMCID: PMC5992513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma, the most prevalent malignancy in brain, is classified into four grades (I, II, III, and IV), and grade IV glioma is also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Aberrant activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), are frequently observed in glioma. Accumulating evidence suggests that PDGFR plays critical roles during glioma development and progression and is a promising drug target for GBM therapy. However, PDGFR inhibitor (PDGFRi) has failed in clinical trials, at least partially, due to the activation of other RTKs, which compensates for PDGFR inhibition and renders tumor cells resistance to PDGFRi. Therefore, identifying the RTKs responsible for PDGFRi resistance might provide new therapeutic targets to synergetically enhance the efficacy of PDGFRi. In this study, we analyzed the TCGA glioma database and found that the mRNA expressions of three RTKs, i.e. ERBB3, IGF1R, and TGFBR2, were positively correlated with that of PDGFR. Co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated novel interactions between the three RTKs and PDGFR in GBM cells. Moreover, concurrent expression of PDGFR with ERBB3, IGF1R, or TGFBR2 in GBM cells attenuated the toxicity of PDGFRi and maintained the activation of PDGFR downstream targets under the existence of PDGFRi. Thus, ERBB3, IGF1R, and TGFBR2 might participate in PDGFRi resistance of GBM cells. Consistent with this notion, combination of PDGFRi with inhibitor targeting either ERBB3 or IGF1R more potently suppressed the growth of GBM cells than each inhibitor alone. The positive correlations of PDGFR with ERBB3, IGF1R, and TGFBR2 were further confirmed in 66 GBM patient samples. Intriguingly, survival analysis showed that ERBB3 predicted poor prognosis in GBM patients with high PDGFRA expression. Altogether, our work herein suggested that ERBB3, IGF1R, and TGFBR2 were responsible for PDGFRi resistance and revealed that ERBB3 acted as potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for GBM with high PDGFRA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Song
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - Qu-Jing Gai
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - Min Mao
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Yao
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - Hui-Min Lu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - You-Hong Cui
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of EducationChongqing 400038, China
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62
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Lin CH, Wong SHK, Kurzer JH, Schneidawind C, Wei MC, Duque-Afonso J, Jeong J, Feng X, Cleary ML. SETDB2 Links E2A-PBX1 to Cell-Cycle Dysregulation in Acute Leukemia through CDKN2C Repression. Cell Rep 2018; 23:1166-1177. [PMID: 29694893 PMCID: PMC5963704 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, necessitating further improvements in diagnosis and therapy. Targeted therapies directed against chromatin regulators are emerging as promising approaches in preclinical studies and early clinical trials. Here, we demonstrate an oncogenic role for the protein lysine methyltransferase SETDB2 in leukemia pathogenesis. It is overexpressed in pre-BCR+ ALL and required for their maintenance in vitro and in vivo. SETDB2 expression is maintained as a direct target gene of the chimeric transcription factor E2A-PBX1 in a subset of ALL and suppresses expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor CDKN2C through histone H3K9 tri-methylation, thus establishing an oncogenic pathway subordinate to E2A-PBX1 that silences a major tumor suppressor in ALL. In contrast, SETDB2 was relatively dispensable for normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell proliferation. SETDB2 knockdown enhances sensitivity to kinase and chromatin inhibitors, providing a mechanistic rationale for targeting SETDB2 therapeutically in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Hong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen Hon-Kit Wong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Jason H Kurzer
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Corina Schneidawind
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael C Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jesús Duque-Afonso
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johan Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuhui Feng
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael L Cleary
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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63
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Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Hosseinzade A, Salehi M, Merikhian P, Farahmand L. Monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor family: from herceptin to Pan HER. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:841-854. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Monoclonal antibody-based of cancer therapy has been considered as one of the most successful therapeutic strategies for both haematologic malignancies and solid tumours in the last two decades. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family signalling pathways play a key role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Hence, anti-EGFR family mAbs is one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy.
Key findings
Here, recent advances in anti-EGFR mAb including approved or successfully tested in preclinical and clinical studies have been reviewed. Although we focus on monoclonal antibodies against the EGF receptor, but the mechanisms underlying the effects of EGFR-specific mAb in cancer therapy, to some extend the resistance to existing anti-EGFR therapies and some therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance such as combination of mAbs on different pathways are briefly discussed as well.
Summary
The EGFR family receptors, is considered as an attractive target for mAb development to inhibit their consecutive activities in tumour growth and resistance. However, due to resistance mechanisms, the combination therapies may become a good candidate for targeting EGFR family receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Moradi-Kalbolandi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysooda Hosseinzade
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Salehi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnaz Merikhian
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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64
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MacDonald RJ, Bunaciu RP, Ip V, Dai D, Tran D, Varner JD, Yen A. Src family kinase inhibitor bosutinib enhances retinoic acid-induced differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2941-2951. [PMID: 29569971 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1452213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has been treated with all-trans retinoic acid (RA) for decades. While RA has largely been ineffective in non-APL AML subtypes, co-treatments combining RA and other agents are currently in clinical trials. Using the RA-responsive non-APL AML cell line HL-60, we tested the efficacy of the Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitor bosutinib on RA-induced differentiation. HL-60 has been recently shown to bear fidelity to a subtype of AML that respond to RA. We found that co-treatment with RA and bosutinib enhanced differentiation evidenced by increased CD11b expression, G1/G0 cell cycle arrest, and respiratory burst. Expression of the SFK members Fgr and Lyn was enhanced, while SFK activation was inhibited. Phosphorylation of several sites of c-Raf was increased and expression of AhR and p85 PI3K was enhanced. Expression of c-Cbl and mTOR was decreased. Our study suggests that SFK inhibition enhances RA-induced differentiation and may have therapeutic value in non-APL AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J MacDonald
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
| | - Rodica P Bunaciu
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
| | - Victoria Ip
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
| | - David Dai
- b Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
| | - David Tran
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
| | - Jeffrey D Varner
- b Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
| | - Andrew Yen
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
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65
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Concomitant inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream AKT synergistically inhibited growth of KRAS/BRAF mutant colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:5003-5015. [PMID: 28002807 PMCID: PMC5354887 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathways are frequently activated in cancer cells due to mutations of RTKs and/or their downstream signaling proteins such as KRAS and BRAF. About 40% colorectal cancers (CRCs) contain KRAS or BRAF mutant genes and are resistant to treatments with individual inhibitors of RTKs, AKT, MEK, or BRAF. Therefore, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the drug resistance is necessary for developing effective strategies to treat the diseases. Here we report the discovery of an AKT/ERK reactivation mechanism that account for the cancer cell resistance to the AKT and MEK inhibitors treatments. The reactivations of AKT and ERK after the AKT or MEK inhibitor treatment were caused by a relief of an AKT or ERK-mediated feedback inhibition of the RTKs and/or their downstream pathways. A combination of RTK inhibitors, based on the RTK activation/phosphorylation profile, synergized with the AKT inhibitor, but not the MEK inhibitor, to completely inhibit the AKT phosphorylation and to block the growth of KRAS/BRAF mutant CRC cells. These results underscored the importance of AKT and the AKT feedback signaling to cancer cell growth and offered a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of KRAS/BRAF mutant CRC cells.
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66
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment - Accomplices in tumor malignancy. Cell Immunol 2018; 343:103729. [PMID: 29397066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is much cellular heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. The tumor epithelia and stromal cells co-evolve, and this reciprocal relationship dictates almost every step of cancer development and progression. Despite this, many anticancer therapies are designed around druggable features of tumor epithelia, ignoring the supportive role of stromal cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the dominant cell type within the reactive stroma of many tumor types. Numerous previous studies have highlighted a pro-tumorigenic role for CAFs via secretion of various growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and the degradation of extracellular matrix. Recent works showed that CAFs secrete H2O2 to effect stromal-mediated field cancerization, transform primary epithelial cells, and aggravate cancer cell aggressiveness, in addition to inflammatory and mitogenic factors. Molecular characterization of CAFs also underscores the importance of Notch and specific nuclear receptor signaling in the activation of CAFs. This review consolidates recent findings of CAFs and highlights areas for future investigations.
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67
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FAM83 proteins: Fostering new interactions to drive oncogenic signaling and therapeutic resistance. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52597-52612. [PMID: 27221039 PMCID: PMC5239576 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The FAM83 proteins were recently identified as novel transforming oncogenes that function as intermediaries in EGFR/RAS signaling. Using two distinct forward genetics screens, the Bissell and Jackson laboratories uncovered the importance of the FAM83 proteins in promoting resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and therapies targeting downstream EGFR signaling effectors. The discovery of this novel oncogene family using distinct genetic screens provides compelling evidence that the FAM83 proteins are key oncogenic players in cancer-associated signaling when they are overexpressed or dysregulated. Consistent with a role in oncogenic transformation, the FAM83 genes are frequently overexpressed in diverse human cancer specimens. Importantly, ablation of numerous FAM83 members results in a marked suppression of cancer-associated signaling and loss of tumorigenic potential. Here, we review the current knowledge of the FAM83 proteins’ involvement in cancer signaling and discuss the potential mechanisms by which they contribute to tumorigenesis. Both redundant activities shared by all 8 FAM83 members and non-redundant activities unique to each member are highlighted. We discuss the promise and challenges of the FAM83 proteins as novel points of attack for future cancer therapies.
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68
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Signaling Pathways Driving Aberrant Splicing in Cancer Cells. Genes (Basel) 2017; 9:genes9010009. [PMID: 29286307 PMCID: PMC5793162 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant profiles of pre-mRNA splicing are frequently observed in cancer. At the molecular level, an altered profile results from a complex interplay between chromatin modifications, the transcriptional elongation rate of RNA polymerase, and effective binding of the spliceosome to the generated transcripts. Key players in this interplay are regulatory splicing factors (SFs) that bind to gene-specific splice-regulatory sequence elements. Although mutations in genes of some SFs were described, a major driver of aberrant splicing profiles is oncogenic signal transduction pathways. Signaling can affect either the transcriptional expression levels of SFs or the post-translational modification of SF proteins, and both modulate the ratio of nuclear versus cytoplasmic SFs in a given cell. Here, we will review currently known mechanisms by which cancer cell signaling, including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase pathway (PI3K) and wingless (Wnt) pathways but also signals from the tumor microenvironment, modulate the activity or subcellular localization of the Ser/Arg rich (SR) proteins and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) families of SFs.
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69
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Detecting pathway relationship in the context of human protein-protein interaction network and its application to Parkinson’s disease. Methods 2017; 131:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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70
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Lai IC, Lai GM, Chow JM, Lee HL, Yeh CF, Li CH, Yan JL, Chuang SE, Whang-Peng J, Bai KJ, Yao CJ. Active fraction (HS7) from Taiwanofungus camphoratus inhibits AKT-mTOR, ERK and STAT3 pathways and induces CDK inhibitors in CL1-0 human lung cancer cells. Chin Med 2017; 12:33. [PMID: 29177004 PMCID: PMC5688709 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In NSCLC, the oncogenic AKT-mTOR, ERK and STAT3 pathways are commonly dysregulated and have emerged as attractive targets for therapeutic developments. In a relatively limited subset of NSCLC, these pathways driven by mutant EGFR can be treated by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)-mediated targeted therapy. However, for the most NSCLC, more novel targeted agents are imperatively needed. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory effects of the active fraction HS7 from Taiwanofungus camphoratus, a unique medicinal fungus in Taiwan, on these pathways in CL1-0 EGFR wild-type human NSCLC cells. Methods The active fraction HS7 was prepared by n-hexane extraction of T. camphoratus followed by silica gel chromatography. Its effects on the cell viabilities were determined by sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell-cycle regulation and apoptosis induction. The changes in cellular protein levels were examined by Western blot. Results The active fraction HS7 vigorously inhibits AKT-mTOR, ERK and STAT3 signaling pathways in CL1-0 cells. At dose of 25 μg/mL, these signaling pathways were almost completely inhibited by HS7, accompanied with induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as p15, p21 and p27. Accordingly, the AKT-mTOR downstream targets p-p70S6K and HIF-1α were also suppressed as well. At this dose, the cell proliferation was profoundly suppressed to 23.4% of control and apoptosis induction was observed. Conclusions The active fraction HS7 from n-hexane extract of T. camphoratus exerts multi-targeting activity on the suppression of AKT-mTOR, ERK and STAT3 pathways and induction of p15, p21 and p27 in EGFR wild-type NSCLC cells. This multi-targeting activity of HS7 suggests its potential as an alternative medicine for the treatment of EGFR TKIs resistant NSCLC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13020-017-0154-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Lai
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217 Taiwan
| | - Gi-Ming Lai
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Feng Yeh
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Han Li
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Long Yan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Shuang-En Chuang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
| | - Jacqueline Whang-Peng
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Bai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Yao
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan.,Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696 Taiwan
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71
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Fan Y, Arechederra M, Richelme S, Daian F, Novello C, Calderaro J, Di Tommaso L, Morcrette G, Rebouissou S, Donadon M, Morenghi E, Zucman-Rossi J, Roncalli M, Dono R, Maina F. A phosphokinome-based screen uncovers new drug synergies for cancer driven by liver-specific gain of nononcogenic receptor tyrosine kinases. Hepatology 2017; 66:1644-1661. [PMID: 28586114 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Genetic mutations leading to oncogenic variants of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are frequent events during tumorigenesis; however, the cellular vulnerability to nononcogenic RTK fluctuations has not been characterized. Here, we demonstrated genetically that in the liver subtle increases in wild-type Met RTK levels are sufficient for spontaneous tumors in mice (Alb-R26Met ), conceptually illustrating how the shift from physiological to pathological conditions results from slight perturbations in signaling dosage. By analyzing 96 different genes in a panel of tumor samples, we demonstrated that liver tumorigenesis modeled by Alb-R26Met mice corresponds to a subset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, thus establishing the clinical relevance of this HCC mouse model. We elucidated the regulatory networks underlying tumorigenesis by combining a phosphokinome screen with bioinformatics analysis. We then used the signaling diversity results obtained from Alb-R26Met HCC versus control livers to design an "educated guess" drug screen, which led to the identification of new, deleterious synthetic lethal interactions. In particular, we report synergistic effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, ribosomal S6 kinase, and cyclin-dependent kinase 1/2 in combination with Bcl-XL inhibition on a panel of liver cancer cells. Focusing on mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase and Bcl-XL targeting, we mechanistically demonstrated concomitant down-regulation of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and myeloid cell leukemia 1 levels. Of note, a phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase+/BCL-XL+ /myeloid cell leukemia 1+ signature, deregulated in Alb-R26Met tumors, characterizes a subgroup of HCC patients with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Our genetic studies highlight the heightened vulnerability of liver cells to subtle changes in nononcogenic RTK levels, allowing them to acquire a molecular profile that facilitates the full tumorigenic program; furthermore, our outcomes uncover new synthetic lethal interactions as potential therapies for a cluster of HCC patients. (Hepatology 2017;66:1644-1661).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Fan
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Institute of Developmental Biology of Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Arechederra
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Institute of Developmental Biology of Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Richelme
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Institute of Developmental Biology of Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Daian
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Institute of Developmental Biology of Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Chiara Novello
- Pathology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Département de Pathologie, APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor.,INSERM U955, Team 18, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Luca Di Tommaso
- Pathology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Guillaume Morcrette
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR674, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Rebouissou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR674, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Donadon
- Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morenghi
- Biostatistics Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR674, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Paris, France
| | - Massimo Roncalli
- Pathology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Dono
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Institute of Developmental Biology of Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Flavio Maina
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Institute of Developmental Biology of Marseille, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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72
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Neben CL, Lo M, Jura N, Klein OD. Feedback regulation of RTK signaling in development. Dev Biol 2017; 447:71-89. [PMID: 29079424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise regulation of the amplitude and duration of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is critical for the execution of cellular programs and behaviors. Understanding these control mechanisms has important implications for the field of developmental biology, and in recent years, the question of how augmentation or attenuation of RTK signaling via feedback loops modulates development has become of increasing interest. RTK feedback regulation is also important for human disease research; for example, germline mutations in genes that encode RTK signaling pathway components cause numerous human congenital syndromes, and somatic alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancers. In this review, we survey regulators of RTK signaling that tune receptor activity and intracellular transduction cascades, with a focus on the roles of these genes in the developing embryo. We detail the diverse inhibitory mechanisms utilized by negative feedback regulators that, when lost or perturbed, lead to aberrant increases in RTK signaling. We also discuss recent biochemical and genetic insights into positive regulators of RTK signaling and how these proteins function in tandem with negative regulators to guide embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Neben
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Megan Lo
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA.
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73
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Birkner K, Wasser B, Loos J, Plotnikov A, Seger R, Zipp F, Witsch E, Bittner S. The Role of ERK Signaling in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091990. [PMID: 28914804 PMCID: PMC5618639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling plays a crucial role in regulating immune cell function and has been implicated in autoimmune disorders. To date, all commercially available inhibitors of ERK target upstream components, such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/ERK kinase (MEKs), but not ERK itself. Here, we directly inhibit nuclear ERK translocation by a novel pharmacological approach (Glu-Pro-Glu (EPE) peptide), leading to an increase in cytosolic ERK phosphorylation during T helper (Th)17 cell differentiation. This was accompanied by diminished secretion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a cytokine influencing the encephalitogenicity of Th17 cells. Neither the production of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 nor the proliferation rate of T cells was affected by the EPE peptide. The in vivo effects of ERK inhibition were challenged in two independent variants of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Overall, ERK inhibition had only a very minor impact on the clinical disease course of EAE. This indicates that while ERK translocation might promote encephalitogenicity in T cells in vitro by facilitating GM-CSF production, this effect is overcome in more complex in vivo animal models of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Birkner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Beatrice Wasser
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Julia Loos
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alexander Plotnikov
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Rony Seger
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Esther Witsch
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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74
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Liu F, Mischel PS. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor co-dependent signaling pathways in glioblastoma. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 10. [PMID: 28892308 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that is critical for normal development and function. EGFR is also amplified or mutated in a variety of cancers including in nearly 60% of cases of the highly lethal brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM). EGFR amplification and mutation reprogram cellular metabolism and broadly alter gene transcription to drive tumor formation and progression, rendering EGFR as a compelling drug target. To date, brain tumor patients have yet to benefit from anti-EGFR therapy due in part to an inability to achieve sufficient intratumoral drug levels in the brain, cultivating adaptive mechanisms of resistance. Here, we review an alternative set of strategies for targeting EGFR-amplified GBMs, based on identifying and targeting tumor co-dependencies shaped both by aberrant EGFR signaling and the brain's unique biochemical environment. These approaches may include highly brain-penetrant drugs from non-cancer pipelines, expanding the pharmacopeia and providing promising new treatments. We review the molecular underpinnings of EGFR-activated co-dependencies in the brain and the promising new treatments based on this strategy. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2018, 10:e1398. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1398 This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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75
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Short-term spheroid culture of primary colorectal cancer cells as an in vitro model for personalizing cancer medicine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183074. [PMID: 28877221 PMCID: PMC5587104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy treatment of cancer remains a challenge due to the molecular and functional heterogeneity displayed by tumours originating from the same cell type. The pronounced heterogeneity makes it difficult for oncologists to devise an effective therapeutic strategy for the patient. One approach for increasing treatment efficacy is to test the chemosensitivity of cancer cells obtained from the patient’s tumour. 3D culture represents a promising method for modelling patient tumours in vitro. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate how closely short-term spheroid cultures of primary colorectal cancer cells resemble the original tumour. Colorectal cancer cells were isolated from human tumour tissue and cultured as spheroids. Spheroid cultures were established with a high success rate and remained viable for at least 10 days. The spheroids exhibited significant growth over a period of 7 days and no difference in growth rate was observed for spheroids of different sizes. Comparison of spheroids with the original tumour revealed that spheroid culture generally preserved adenocarcinoma histology and expression patterns of cytokeratin 20 and carcinoembryonic antigen. Interestingly, spheroids had a tendency to resemble tumour protein expression more closely after 10 days of culture compared to 3 days. Chemosensitivity screening using spheroids from five patients demonstrated individual response profiles. This indicates that the spheroids maintained patient-to-patient differences in sensitivity towards the drugs and combinations most commonly used for treatment of colorectal cancer. In summary, short-term spheroid culture of primary colorectal adenocarcinoma cells represents a promising in vitro model for use in personalized medicine.
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76
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Arni S, Le THN, de Wijn R, Garcia-Villegas R, Dankers M, Weder W, Hillinger S. Ex vivo multiplex profiling of protein tyrosine kinase activities in early stages of human lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68599-68613. [PMID: 28978141 PMCID: PMC5620281 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite constant improvement in existing therapeutic efforts, the overall survival rate of lung cancer patients remains low. Enzyme activities may identify new therapeutically targetable biomarkers and overcome the marked lack of correlation between cellular abundance of translated proteins and corresponding mRNA expression levels. We analysed tyrosine kinase activities to classify lung adenocarcinoma (LuAdCa) resection specimens based on their underlying changes in cellular processes and pathways that are agents of or result from malignant transformation. We characterised 71 same-patient pairs of early-stage LuAdCa and non-neoplastic LuAdCa resection specimen lysates in the presence or absence of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. We performed ex vivo multiplex tyrosine phosphorylation assays using 144 selected microarrayed kinase substrates. The obtained 76 selected phosphotyrosine signature peptides were subsequently analysed in terms of follow-up treatments and outcomes recorded in the patient files. For tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) stage 1 LuAdCa patients, we noticed a larger tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation for long-term as opposed to short-term disease survivors, for which 26 of 76 selected peptides were significantly (p < 0.01, FDR < 3%) more inhibited in the long-term survivors. Using statistical class prediction analysis, we obtained a 'prognostic-signature' for long- versus short-term disease survivors and correctly predicted the survival status of 73% of our patients. Our translational approach may assist clinical disease management after surgical resection and may help to direct patients for an optimal treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Arni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thi Hong Nhung Le
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rik de Wijn
- PamGene International B.V., 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Refugio Garcia-Villegas
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martjin Dankers
- PamGene International B.V., 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Walter Weder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Hillinger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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77
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Ünal EB, Uhlitz F, Blüthgen N. A compendium of ERK targets. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2607-2615. [PMID: 28675784 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The RAF-MEK-ERK cascade is one of the most studied signaling pathways as it controls many vital cellular programs. There has been an immense amount of effort to determine ERK target proteins involved in regulating these programs. Classical biochemical and genetic approaches have elicited hundreds of direct ERK substrates, and with the advent of phospho-proteomic technologies, numerous studies have expanded the number of ERK target proteins. Here, we compile a comprehensive ERK target phospho-site archive, in which we gathered information from various research studies, and we provide this archive as an online database to form a searchable compendium of ERK targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim B Ünal
- Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences & Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Uhlitz
- Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences & Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences & Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
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78
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Yin N, Lepp A, Ji Y, Mortensen M, Hou S, Qi XM, Myers CR, Chen G. The K-Ras effector p38γ MAPK confers intrinsic resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors by stimulating EGFR transcription and EGFR dephosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15070-15079. [PMID: 28739874 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.779488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in K-Ras and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are mutually exclusive, but it is not known how K-Ras activation inactivates EGFR, leading to resistance of cancer cells to anti-EGFR therapy. Here, we report that the K-Ras effector p38γ MAPK confers intrinsic resistance to small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) by concurrently stimulating EGFR gene transcription and protein dephosphorylation. We found that p38γ increases EGFR transcription by c-Jun-mediated promoter binding and stimulates EGFR dephosphorylation via activation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase H1 (PTPH1). Silencing the p38γ/c-Jun/PTPH1 signaling network increased sensitivities to TKIs in K-Ras mutant cells in which EGFR knockdown inhibited growth. Similar results were obtained with the p38γ-specific pharmacological inhibitor pirfenidone. These results indicate that in K-Ras mutant cancers, EGFR activity is regulated by the p38γ/c-Jun/PTPH1 signaling network, whose disruption may be a novel strategy to restore the sensitivity to TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yin
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Adrienne Lepp
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Yongsheng Ji
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Matthew Mortensen
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Songwang Hou
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Xiao-Mei Qi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Charles R Myers
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Guan Chen
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and .,the Research Service, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53295
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79
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Crosstalk and the evolvability of intracellular communication. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16009. [PMID: 28691706 PMCID: PMC5508131 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Metazoan signalling networks are complex, with extensive crosstalk between pathways. It is unclear what pressures drove the evolution of this architecture. We explore the hypothesis that crosstalk allows different cell types, each expressing a specific subset of signalling proteins, to activate different outputs when faced with the same inputs, responding differently to the same environment. We find that the pressure to generate diversity leads to the evolution of networks with extensive crosstalk. Using available data, we find that human tissues exhibit higher levels of diversity between cell types than networks with random expression patterns or networks with no crosstalk. We also find that crosstalk and differential expression can influence drug activity: no protein has the same impact on two tissues when inhibited. In addition to providing a possible explanation for the evolution of crosstalk, our work indicates that consideration of cellular context will likely be crucial for targeting signalling networks. The evolutionary rationale behind the extensive crosstalk between Metazoan signalling pathways remains elusive. Here the authors provide evidence that crosstalk in the human signalling network evolves as a means to allow efficient diversification of cellular responses to the same signals between different cell types.
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80
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Dai W, Wang X, Song G, Liu T, He B, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhang Q. Combination antitumor therapy with targeted dual-nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 115:23-45. [PMID: 28285944 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy is one of the important treatment strategies for cancer at present. However, the outcome of current combination therapy based on the co-administration of conventional dosage forms is suboptimal, due to the short half-lives of chemodrugs, their deficient tumor selectivity and so forth. Nanotechnology-based targeted delivery systems show great promise in addressing the associated problems and providing superior therapeutic benefits. In this review, we focus on the combination of therapeutic strategies between different nanomedicines or drug-loaded nanocarriers, rather than the co-delivery of different drugs via a single nanocarrier. We introduce the general concept of various targeting strategies of nanomedicines, present the principles of combination antitumor therapy with dual-nanomedicines, analyze their advantages and limitations compared with co-delivery strategies, and overview the recent advances of combination therapy based on targeted nanomedicines. Finally, we reviewed the challenges and future perspectives regarding the selection of therapeutic agents, targeting efficiency and the gap between the preclinical and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyou Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ge Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tongzhou Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China.
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81
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A signaling visualization toolkit to support rational design of combination therapies and biomarker discovery: SiViT. Oncotarget 2017; 8:29657-29667. [PMID: 27302920 PMCID: PMC5444693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapy aims to disrupt aberrant cellular signalling pathways. Biomarkers are surrogates of pathway state, but there is limited success in translating candidate biomarkers to clinical practice due to the intrinsic complexity of pathway networks. Systems biology approaches afford better understanding of complex, dynamical interactions in signalling pathways targeted by anticancer drugs. However, adoption of dynamical modelling by clinicians and biologists is impeded by model inaccessibility. Drawing on computer games technology, we present a novel visualization toolkit, SiViT, that converts systems biology models of cancer cell signalling into interactive simulations that can be used without specialist computational expertise. SiViT allows clinicians and biologists to directly introduce for example loss of function mutations and specific inhibitors. SiViT animates the effects of these introductions on pathway dynamics, suggesting further experiments and assessing candidate biomarker effectiveness. In a systems biology model of Her2 signalling we experimentally validated predictions using SiViT, revealing the dynamics of biomarkers of drug resistance and highlighting the role of pathway crosstalk. No model is ever complete: the iteration of real data and simulation facilitates continued evolution of more accurate, useful models. SiViT will make accessible libraries of models to support preclinical research, combinatorial strategy design and biomarker discovery.
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82
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Ross JA, George BJ, Bruno M, Ge Y. Chemical-agnostic hazard prediction: statistical inference of in vitro toxicity pathways from proteomics responses to chemical mixtures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2:39-44. [PMID: 30345409 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity pathways have been defined as normal cellular pathways that, when sufficiently perturbed as a consequence of chemical exposure, lead to an adverse outcome. If an exposure alters one or more normal biological pathways to an extent that leads to an adverse toxicity outcome, a significant correlation must exist between the exposure, the extent of pathway alteration, and the degree of adverse outcome. Biological pathways are regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational, and targeted degradation, each of which can affect the levels and extents of modification of proteins involved in the pathways. Significant alterations of toxicity pathways resulting from changes in regulation at any of these levels therefore are likely to be detectable as alterations in the proteome. We hypothesize that significant correlations between exposures, adverse outcomes, and changes in the proteome have the potential to identify putative toxicity pathways, facilitating selection of candidate targets for high throughput screening, even in the absence of a priori knowledge of either the specific pathways involved or the specific agents inducing the pathway alterations. We explored this hypothesis in vitro in BEAS-2B human airway epithelial cells exposed to different concentrations of Ni2+, Cd2+, and Cr6+, alone and in defined mixtures. Levels and phosphorylation status of a variety of signaling pathway proteins and cytokines were measured after 48 hours exposure, together with cytotoxicity. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) multiple regression was used to identify a subset of these proteins that constitute a putative toxicity pathway capable of predicting cytotoxicity. The putative toxicity pathway for cytotoxicity of these metals and metal mixtures identified by LASSO is composed of phospho-RPS6KB1, phospho-p53, cleaved CASP3, phospho-MAPK8, IL-10, and Hif-1α. As this approach does not depend on knowledge of the chemical composition of the mixtures, it may be generally useful for identifying sets of proteins predictive of adverse effects for a variety of mixtures, including complex environmental mixtures of unknown composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Ross
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711
| | - Barbara Jane George
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711
| | - Maribel Bruno
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711
| | - Yue Ge
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711
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83
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Thibault B, Jean-Claude B. Dasatinib + Gefitinib, a non platinum-based combination with enhanced growth inhibitory, anti-migratory and anti-invasive potency against human ovarian cancer cells. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:31. [PMID: 28446239 PMCID: PMC5405511 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death for gynecological cancers and the 6th cause of women cancer death in developed countries. The late stage detection, the peritoneal dissemination and the acquisition of resistance against carboplatin are the main reasons to explain this poor prognosis and strengthen the need of alternative treatments to improve the management of ovarian cancer and/or to sensitize tumors to platinum salts. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met) and cellular Src kinase (c-Src) are crucial kinases implied in ovarian tumor growth, survival, invasion and resistance to carboplatin. Their expression is increased in advanced ovarian cancers and is correlated with poor prognosis. Despite a clear potential in inhibiting these proteins in ovarian cancer, as a single agent or in combination with a carboplatin treatment, we need to target kinases in tandem because of their capacity to trigger compensatory pathways that synergize to promote drug resistance. METHODS Here we target EGFR, c-Src and Met individually or in combination with carboplatin, using Gefitinib, Dasatinib and Crizotinib respectively, in a panel of carboplatin-sensitive (OVCAR-3, IGROV-1 and A2780) and carboplatin-resistant cells (SKOV-3 and EFO-21). We studied the ability of the most potent combination to induce apoptosis, regulate migration, invasion and to modulate the activation of proliferation and survival proteins. RESULTS Crizotinib, Dasatinib and Gefitinib, alone or in combination with carboplatin, showed a cell-specific cytotoxic synergy in ovarian cancer cells. The Dasatinib plus Gefitinib combination was synergistic in OVCAR-3, SKOV-3 and, in IGROV-1 cells (high concentrations). This combination was unable to induce apoptosis but suppressed cell migration, invasion and the activation of EGFR, Erk, c-Src and Akt compared to single treatments. CONCLUSIONS Combining carboplatin with kinase inhibitors lead to synergistic interactions in a cell-specific manner. Unlike platinum-based combinations, mixing Dasatinib with Gefitinib led to cytotoxic activity, inhibition of cell migration and invasion. Thus, the Dasatinib + Gefitinib combination presents anti-tumour properties that are superior to those of platinum-based combinations, indicating that it may well represent a promising new treatment modality to be tested in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Thibault
- Research Institute - McGill University Health Center (MUHC), 1001 Décarie Blvd, Block E, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,Present Address: INSERM - Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Jean-Claude
- Research Institute - McGill University Health Center (MUHC), 1001 Décarie Blvd, Block E, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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84
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Shahi Thakuri P, Tavana H. Single and Combination Drug Screening with Aqueous Biphasic Tumor Spheroids. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 22:507-515. [PMID: 28324660 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217698817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spheroids of cancer cells represent a physiologic model of solid tumors for cancer drug screening. Despite this known benefit, difficulties with generating large quantities of uniformly sized spheroids in standard plates, individually addressing spheroids with drug compounds, and quantitatively analyzing responses of cancer cells have hindered the use of spheroids in high-throughput screening applications. Recently, we addressed this challenge by using an aqueous two-phase system technology to generate a spheroid within an aqueous drop immersed in a second, immiscible aqueous phase. Integrating this approach with robotics resulted in convenient formation, maintenance, and drug treatment of spheroids. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of high-throughput compound screening against colon cancer spheroids using 25 anticancer compounds. Using a strictly standardized mean difference and based on a preliminary testing with each compound, we select effective compounds for further dose-response testing. Finally, we use molecular inhibitors to target upregulated protein kinases and use them for drug combination studies against spheroids. We quantitatively analyze the combination treatment results using statistical metrics to identify synergy between pairs of inhibitors in compromising viability of colon cancer cells. This study demonstrates the utility of our spheroid culture technology for identification of effective drug compounds, dose-response analysis, and combination drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Tavana
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
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85
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Azad AKM, Lawen A, Keith JM. Bayesian model of signal rewiring reveals mechanisms of gene dysregulation in acquired drug resistance in breast cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173331. [PMID: 28288164 PMCID: PMC5348014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors, such as lapatinib, are effective against breast cancer in clinical trials, but tumor cells ultimately acquire resistance to the drug. Maintaining sensitization to drug action is essential for durable growth inhibition. Recently, adaptive reprogramming of signaling circuitry has been identified as a major cause of acquired resistance. We developed a computational framework using a Bayesian statistical approach to model signal rewiring in acquired resistance. We used the p1-model to infer potential aberrant gene-pairs with differential posterior probabilities of appearing in resistant-vs-parental networks. Results were obtained using matched gene expression profiles under resistant and parental conditions. Using two lapatinib-treated ErbB2-positive breast cancer cell-lines: SKBR3 and BT474, our method identified similar dysregulated signaling pathways including EGFR-related pathways as well as other receptor-related pathways, many of which were reported previously as compensatory pathways of EGFR-inhibition via signaling cross-talk. A manual literature survey provided strong evidence that aberrant signaling activities in dysregulated pathways are closely related to acquired resistance in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Our approach predicted literature-supported dysregulated pathways complementary to both node-centric (SPIA, DAVID, and GATHER) and edge-centric (ESEA and PAGI) methods. Moreover, by proposing a novel pattern of aberrant signaling called V-structures, we observed that genes were dysregulated in resistant-vs-sensitive conditions when they were involved in the switch of dependencies from targeted to bypass signaling events. A literature survey of some important V-structures suggested they play a role in breast cancer metastasis and/or acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs, where the mRNA changes of TGFBR2, LEF1 and TP53 in resistant-vs-sensitive conditions were related to the dependency switch from targeted to bypass signaling links. Our results suggest many signaling pathway structures are compromised in acquired resistance, and V-structures of aberrant signaling within/among those pathways may provide further insights into the bypass mechanism of targeted inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Azad
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Alfons Lawen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Keith
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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86
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Suppression of B-Raf(V600E) cancers by MAPK hyper-activation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18694-704. [PMID: 26959890 PMCID: PMC4951321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Raf(V600E) activates MEK/MAPK signalling and acts as oncogenic driver of a variety of cancers, including melanoma, colorectal and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Specific B-Raf(V600E) kinase inhibitors (e.g., Vemurafenib) prove initial efficacy in melanoma followed shortly by acquired resistance, while failing in most other B-Raf(V600E) cancers due to primary resistance. Resistance is due to acquired mutations in the Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK pathway and/or other oncogenic drivers that bypass B-Raf(V600E). Surprisingly, hyper-activation of MAPK by inhibiting its protein phosphatase 2A by a synthetic long-chain fatty acid analogue (MEDICA), results in oncogene-induced growth arrest and apoptosis of B-Raf(V600E) cancer cells. Growth arrest is accompanied by MAPK-mediated serine/threonine phosphorylation and suppression of a variety of oncogenic drivers that resist treatment by B-Raf(V600E) kinase inhibitors, including ErbB members, c-Met, IGFR, IRS, STAT3 and Akt. The combined activities of mutated B-Raf and MEDICA are required for generating hyper-activated MAPK, growth arrest and apoptosis, implying strict specificity for mutated B-Raf cancer cells.
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87
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Potter GD, Byrd TA, Mugler A, Sun B. Dynamic Sampling and Information Encoding in Biochemical Networks. Biophys J 2017; 112:795-804. [PMID: 28256238 PMCID: PMC5340174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells use biochemical networks to translate environmental information into intracellular responses. These responses can be highly dynamic, but how the information is encoded in these dynamics remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the dynamic encoding of information in the ATP-induced calcium responses of fibroblast cells, using a vectorial, or multi-time-point, measure from information theory. We find that the amount of extracted information depends on physiological constraints such as the sampling rate and memory capacity of the downstream network, and it is affected differentially by intrinsic versus extrinsic noise. By comparing to a minimal physical model, we find, surprisingly, that the information is often insensitive to the detailed structure of the underlying dynamics, and instead the decoding mechanism acts as a simple low-pass filter. These results demonstrate the mechanisms and limitations of dynamic information storage in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett D Potter
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Tommy A Byrd
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Andrew Mugler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
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89
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Almiron Bonnin DA, Ran C, Havrda MC, Liu H, Hitoshi Y, Zhang Z, Cheng C, Ung M, Israel MA. Insulin-Mediated Signaling Facilitates Resistance to PDGFR Inhibition in Proneural hPDGFB-Driven Gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:705-716. [PMID: 28138037 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite abundant evidence implicating receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), including the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma (GBM), the clinical use of RTK inhibitors in this disease has been greatly compromised by the rapid emergence of therapeutic resistance. To study the resistance of proneural gliomas that are driven by a PDGFR-regulated pathway to targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, we utilized a mouse model of proneural glioma in which mice develop tumors that become resistant to PDGFR inhibition. We found that tumors resistant to PDGFR inhibition required the expression and activation of the insulin receptor (IR)/insulin growth-like factor receptor (IGF1R) for tumor cell proliferation and survival. Cotargeting IR/IGF1R and PDGFR decreased the emergence of resistant clones in vitro Our findings characterize a novel model of glioma recurrence that implicates the IR/IGF1R signaling axis in mediating the development of resistance to PDGFR inhibition and provide evidence that IR/IGF1R signaling is important in the recurrence of the proneural subtype of glioma in which PDGF/PDGFR is most commonly expressed at a high level. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 705-16. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian A Almiron Bonnin
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Cong Ran
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Matthew C Havrda
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Yasuyuki Hitoshi
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Department of Neurosurgery, Rosai Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Matthew Ung
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Mark A Israel
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; .,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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90
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Chan JSK, Tan MJ, Sng MK, Teo Z, Phua T, Choo CC, Li L, Zhu P, Tan NS. Cancer-associated fibroblasts enact field cancerization by promoting extratumoral oxidative stress. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2562. [PMID: 28102840 PMCID: PMC5386391 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Histological inspection of visually normal tissue adjacent to neoplastic lesions often reveals multiple foci of cellular abnormalities. This suggests the presence of a regional carcinogenic signal that spreads oncogenic transformation and field cancerization. We observed an abundance of mutagenic reactive oxygen species in the stroma of cryosectioned patient tumor biopsies, indicative of extratumoral oxidative stress. Diffusible hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was elevated in the conditioned medium of cultured skin epithelia at various stages of oncogenic transformation, and H2O2 production increased with greater tumor-forming and metastatic capacity of the studied cell lines. Explanted cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) also had higher levels of H2O2 secretion compared with normal fibroblasts (FIBs). These results suggest that extracellular H2O2 acts as a field effect carcinogen. Indeed, H2O2-treated keratinocytes displayed decreased phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and increased Src activities because of oxidative modification. Furthermore, treating FIBs with CAF-conditioned medium or exogenous H2O2 resulted in the acquisition of an oxidative, CAF-like state. In vivo, the proliferative potential and invasiveness of composite tumor xenografts comprising cancerous or non-tumor-forming epithelia with CAFs and FIBs could be attenuated by the presence of catalase. Importantly, we showed that oxidatively transformed FIBs isolated from composite tumor xenografts retained their ability to promote tumor growth and aggressiveness when adoptively transferred into new xenografts. Higher H2O2 production by CAFs was contingent on impaired TGFβ signaling leading to the suppression of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1). Finally, we detected a reduction in Smad3, TAK1 and TGFβRII expression in a cohort of 197 clinical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) CAFs, suggesting that impaired stromal TGFβ signaling may be a clinical feature of SCC. Our study indicated that CAFs and cancer cells engage redox signaling circuitries and mitogenic signaling to reinforce their reciprocal relationship, suggesting that future anticancer approaches should simultaneously target ligand receptor and redox-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Soon Kiat Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
| | - Ming Jie Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
| | - Ming Keat Sng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
| | - Ziqiang Teo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
| | - Terri Phua
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobelsväg 16, StockholmSweden
| | - Chee Chong Choo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
| | - Liang Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore.,KK Women's and Children Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore
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91
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Mallery SR, Wang D, Santiago B, Pei P, Schwendeman SP, Nieto K, Spinney R, Tong M, Koutras G, Han B, Holpuch A, Lang J. Benefits of Multifaceted Chemopreventives in the Suppression of the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Tumorigenic Phenotype. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:76-88. [PMID: 27756753 PMCID: PMC5222683 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over one third of patients who have undergone oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) surgical resections develop life-threatening and often untreatable recurrences. A variety of drugs, intended for management of recurrent or disseminated cancers, were designed to exploit cancer cells' reliance upon overexpressed receptors and gratuitous signaling. Despite their conceptual promise, clinical trials showed these agents lacked efficacy and were often toxic. These findings are consistent with evasion of pathway-targeted treatments via extensive signaling redundancies and compensatory mechanisms common to cancers. Optimal secondary OSCC chemoprevention requires long-term efficacy with multifaceted, nontoxic agents. Accordingly, this study evaluated the abilities of three complementary chemopreventives, that is, the vitamin A derivative fenretinide (4-HPR, induces apoptosis and differentiation, inhibits signaling proteins, and invasion), the estrogen metabolite 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME, apoptosis-inducing, antiangiogenic), and the humanized mAb to the IL6R receptor tocilizumab (TOC, reduces IL6 signaling) to suppress OSCC gratuitous signaling and tumorigenesis. Modeling studies demonstrated 4-HPR's high-affinity binding at STAT3's dimerization site and c-Abl and c-Src ATP-binding kinase sites. Although individual agents suppressed cancer-promoting pathways including STAT3 phosphorylation, STAT3-DNA binding, and production of the trans-signaling enabling sIL6R, maximal chemopreventive effects were observed with agent combinations. OSCC tumor xenograft studies showed that locally delivered TOC, TOC+4-HPR, and TOC+4-HPR+2-ME treatments all prevented significant tumor growth. Notably, the TOC+4-HPR+2-ME treatment resulted in the smallest overall increase in tumor volume. The selected agents use diverse mechanisms to disrupt tumorigenesis at multiple venues, that is, intracellular, tumor cell-ECM, and tumor microenvironment; beneficial qualities for secondary chemopreventives. Cancer Prev Res; 10(1); 76-88. ©2016 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- 2-Methoxyestradiol
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/administration & dosage
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/adverse effects
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinogenesis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/prevention & control
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Estradiol/administration & dosage
- Estradiol/adverse effects
- Estradiol/analogs & derivatives
- Estradiol/therapeutic use
- Fenretinide/administration & dosage
- Fenretinide/adverse effects
- Fenretinide/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Mouth Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Mouth Neoplasms/surgery
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Mallery
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daren Wang
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brian Santiago
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ping Pei
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kari Nieto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Meng Tong
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - George Koutras
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brian Han
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andrew Holpuch
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James Lang
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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92
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Predicting and Overcoming Chemotherapeutic Resistance in Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:59-104. [PMID: 29282680 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of breast cancer and its therapeutic approach has improved greatly due to the advancement of molecular biology in recent years. Clinically, breast cancers are characterized into three basic types based on their immunohistochemical properties. They are triple-negative breast cancer, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive-HR positive breast cancer, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. Even though these subtypes have been characterized, assessment of a breast cancer's receptor status is still widely used to determine whether or not a targeted therapy could be applied. Moreover, drug resistance is common in all breast cancer types despite the different treatment modalities applied. The development of resistance to different therapeutics is not mutually exclusive. It seems that tumor could be resistant to multiple treatment strategies, such as being both chemoresistant and monoclonal antibody resistant. However, the underlying mechanisms are complicated and need further investigation. In this chapter, we aim to provide a brief review of the different types of breast cancer and their respective treatment strategies. We also review the possible mechanisms of potential drug resistance associated with each treatment type. We believe that a better understanding of the drug resistance mechanisms can lead to a more effective and efficient therapeutic success.
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93
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Verma N, Müller AK, Kothari C, Panayotopoulou E, Kedan A, Selitrennik M, Mills GB, Nguyen LK, Shin S, Karn T, Holtrich U, Lev S. Targeting of PYK2 Synergizes with EGFR Antagonists in Basal-like TNBC and Circumvents HER3-Associated Resistance via the NEDD4–NDRG1 Axis. Cancer Res 2016; 77:86-99. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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94
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Iyer G, Price J, Bourgeois S, Armstrong E, Huang S, Harari PM. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor mediated tyrosine 845 phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor in the presence of monoclonal antibody cetuximab. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:773. [PMID: 27716204 PMCID: PMC5054590 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and several other human cancers. Monoclonal antibodies, such as cetuximab that block EGFR signaling, have emerged as valuable molecular targeting agents in clinical cancer therapy. Prolonged exposure to cetuximab can result in cells acquiring resistance by a process that remains incompletely understood. METHODS In this study, we analyzed the immediate early molecular response of cetuximab on physical interactions between EGFR and Insulin growth factor 1 like receptor (IGF-1R) in head and neck cancer cells that are resistant to cetuximab. Co-immunoprecipitation, small molecule inhibitors against phospho-Src and IGF-1R, quantitative western blot of EGFR and Src phosphorylation, cell proliferation assays were used to suggest the role of IGF-1R mediated phosphorylation of specific tyrosine Y845 on EGFR via increased heterodimerization of EGFR and IGF-1R in cetuximab resistant cells. RESULTS Heterodimerization of EGFR with IGF-1R was increased in cetuximab resistant HNSCC cell line UMSCC6. Basal levels of phosphorylated EGFR Y845 showed significant increase in the presence of cetuximab. Surprisingly, this activated Y845 level was not inhibited in the presence of Src inhibitor PP1. Instead, inhibition of IGF-1R by picropodophyllin (PPP) reduced the EGFR Y845 levels. Taken together, these results suggest that heterodimerization of EGFR with IGF-1R can lead to increased activity of EGFR and may be an important platform for cetuximab mediated signaling in head and neck tumors that have become resistant to anti-EGFR therapy. CONCLUSIONS EGFR-IGF-1R interaction has a functional consequence of phosphorylation of EGFR Y845 in cetuximab resistant HNSCC cells and dual targeting of EGFR and IGF-1R is a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Iyer
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA.
| | - James Price
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Shay Bourgeois
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Eric Armstrong
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Shyhmin Huang
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology and the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53792, USA
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95
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Akt inhibition improves irinotecan treatment and prevents cell emergence by switching the senescence response to apoptosis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43342-62. [PMID: 26485768 PMCID: PMC4791236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated in response to chemotherapy, senescence is a tumor suppressive mechanism that induces a permanent loss of proliferation. However, in response to treatment, it is not really known how cells can escape senescence and how irreversible or incomplete this pathway is. We have recently described that cells that escape senescence are more transformed than non-treated parental cells, they resist anoikis and rely on Mcl-1. In this study, we further characterize this emergence in response to irinotecan, a first line treatment used in colorectal cancer. Our results indicate that Akt was activated as a feedback pathway during the early step of senescence. The inhibition of the kinase prevented cell emergence and improved treatment efficacy, both in vitro and in vivo. This improvement was correlated with senescence inhibition, p21waf1 downregulation and a concomitant activation of apoptosis due to Noxa upregulation and Mcl-1 inactivation. The inactivation of Noxa prevented apoptosis and increased the number of emergent cells. Using either RNA interference or p21waf1-deficient cells, we further confirmed that an intact p53-p21-senescence pathway favored cell emergence and that its downregulation improved treatment efficacy through apoptosis induction. Therefore, although senescence is an efficient suppressive mechanism, it also generates more aggressive cells as a consequence of apoptosis inhibition. We therefore propose that senescence-inducing therapies should be used sequentially with drugs favoring cell death such as Akt inhibitors. This should reduce cell emergence and tumor relapse through a combined induction of senescence and apoptosis.
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96
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Bon G, Loria R, Amoreo CA, Verdina A, Sperduti I, Mastrofrancesco A, Soddu S, Diodoro MG, Mottolese M, Todaro M, Stassi G, Milella M, De Maria R, Falcioni R. Dual targeting of HER3 and MEK may overcome HER3-dependent drug-resistance of colon cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 8:108463-108479. [PMID: 29312543 PMCID: PMC5752456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the medical treatment of colorectal cancer has evolved greatly in the last years, a significant portion of early-stage patients develops recurrence after therapies. The current clinical trials are directed to evaluate new drug combinations and treatment schedules. By the use of patient-derived or established colon cancer cell lines, we found that the tyrosine kinase receptor HER3 is involved in the mechanisms of resistance to therapies. In agreement, the immunohistochemical analysis of total and phospho-HER3 expression in 185 colorectal cancer specimens revealed a significant correlation with lower disease-free survival. Targeting HER3 by the use of the monoclonal antibody patritumab we found induction of growth arrest in all cell lines. Despite the high efficiency of patritumab in abrogating the HER3-dependent activation of PI3K pathway, the HER2 and EGFR-dependent MAPK pathway is activated as a compensatory mechanism. Interestingly, we found that the MEK-inhibitor trametinib inhibits, as expected, the MAPK pathway but induces the HER3-dependent activation of PI3K pathway. The combined treatment results in the abrogation of both PI3K and MAPK pathways and in a significant reduction of cell proliferation and survival. These data suggest a new strategy of therapy for HER3-overexpressing colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bon
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Loria
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Azzurra Amoreo
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Verdina
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Physiopathology Laboratory of Skin, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Diodoro
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rita Falcioni
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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97
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Quotti Tubi L, Canovas Nunes S, Brancalion A, Doriguzzi Breatta E, Manni S, Mandato E, Zaffino F, Macaccaro P, Carrino M, Gianesin K, Trentin L, Binotto G, Zambello R, Semenzato G, Gurrieri C, Piazza F. Protein kinase CK2 regulates AKT, NF-κB and STAT3 activation, stem cell viability and proliferation in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 31:292-300. [PMID: 27479180 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 sustains acute myeloid leukemia cell growth, but its role in leukemia stem cells is largely unknown. Here, we discovered that the CK2 catalytic α and regulatory β subunits are consistently expressed in leukemia stem cells isolated from acute myeloid leukemia patients and cell lines. CK2 inactivation with the selective inhibitor CX-4945 or RNA interference induced an accumulation of leukemia stem cells in the late S-G2-M phases of the cell cycle and triggered late-onset apoptosis. As a result, leukemia stem cells displayed an increased sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. From a molecular standpoint, CK2 blockade was associated with a downmodulation of the stem cell-regulating protein BMI-1 and a marked impairment of AKT, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, whereas FOXO3a nuclear activity was induced. Notably, combined CK2 and either NF-κB or STAT3 inhibition resulted in a superior cytotoxic effect on leukemia stem cells. This study suggests that CK2 blockade could be a rational approach to minimize the persistence of residual leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Quotti Tubi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - S Canovas Nunes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - A Brancalion
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - E Doriguzzi Breatta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - S Manni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - E Mandato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - F Zaffino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - P Macaccaro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - M Carrino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - K Gianesin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - L Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - G Binotto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - R Zambello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - G Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - C Gurrieri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - F Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
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98
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Som A, Raliya R, Tian L, Akers W, Ippolito JE, Singamaneni S, Biswas P, Achilefu S. Monodispersed calcium carbonate nanoparticles modulate local pH and inhibit tumor growth in vivo. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:12639-12647. [PMID: 26745389 PMCID: PMC4919221 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06162h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The acidic extracellular environment of tumors potentiates their aggressiveness and metastasis, but few methods exist to selectively modulate the extracellular pH (pHe) environment of tumors. Transient flushing of biological systems with alkaline fluids or proton pump inhibitors is impractical and nonselective. Here we report a nanoparticles-based strategy to intentionally modulate the pHe in tumors. Biochemical simulations indicate that the dissolution of calcium carbonate nanoparticles (nano-CaCO3) in vivo increases pH asymptotically to 7.4. We developed two independent facile methods to synthesize monodisperse non-doped vaterite nano-CaCO3 with distinct size range between 20 and 300 nm. Using murine models of cancer, we demonstrate that the selective accumulation of nano-CaCO3 in tumors increases tumor pH over time. The associated induction of tumor growth stasis is putatively interpreted as a pHe increase. This study establishes an approach to prepare nano-CaCO3 over a wide particle size range, a formulation that stabilizes the nanomaterials in aqueous solutions, and a pH-sensitive nano-platform capable of modulating the acidic environment of cancer for potential therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Som
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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99
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Zhao C, He J, Cheng H, Zhu Z, Xu H. Enhanced therapeutic effect of an antiangiogenesis peptide on lung cancer in vivo combined with salmonella VNP20009 carrying a Sox2 shRNA construct. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:107. [PMID: 27371094 PMCID: PMC4930618 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HM-3 is a polypeptide inhibiting angiogenesis. Recent reports suggest that the antitumor effect of angiogenesis inhibitors administered alone might be limited. Cancer stem cells can survive the lack of oxygen and nutrients. To achieve better anti-tumor effect, HM-3 was administered in combination with the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009 transformed with a shRNA construct against sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2). METHODS Cell invasion assay and soft agar colony formation assay were used to assess the migration and growth capability of A549 cells once Sox2 was knocked down with the shRNA construct. The shRNA construct targeting Sox2 was transformed into VNP20009. After the mouse xenograft model of A549 was established, HM-3 was co-administered with VNP20009 carrying the shRNA construct. The growth of tumor was checked to compare the effectiveness of different therapies. Western blotting assay and immunohistochemistry staining of the tumor tissue were used to measure the levels of proteins associated with the apoptosis pathway. RESULTS Sox2 was necessary for the migration and growth of A549 cells. The expression of Sox2 was down regulated in the tumor tissue of the combined treatment group of HM-3 with VNP20009 carrying the Sox2 shRNA construct. Together with the accumulation of salmonella in tumor and the inhibition of angiogenesis by HM-3, more tumor cells went through cell apoptosis with increased expression of Bax, cleaved Caspase 3 and decreased expression of Bcl2. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the combination of antiangiogenesis agent HM-3 with gene therapy targeting Sox2 delivered by salmonella as a promising strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Zhao
- />The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjin He
- />The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoran Cheng
- />The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohao Zhu
- />The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- />The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
- />State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
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Wicki A, Mandalà M, Massi D, Taverna D, Tang H, Hemmings BA, Xue G. Acquired Resistance to Clinical Cancer Therapy: A Twist in Physiological Signaling. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:805-29. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although modern therapeutic strategies have brought significant progress to cancer care in the last 30 years, drug resistance to targeted monotherapies has emerged as a major challenge. Aberrant regulation of multiple physiological signaling pathways indispensable for developmental and metabolic homeostasis, such as hyperactivation of pro-survival signaling axes, loss of suppressive regulations, and impaired functionalities of the immune system, have been extensively investigated aiming to understand the diversity of molecular mechanisms that underlie cancer development and progression. In this review, we intend to discuss the molecular mechanisms of how conventional physiological signal transduction confers to acquired drug resistance in cancer patients. We will particularly focus on protooncogenic receptor kinase inhibition-elicited tumor cell adaptation through two major core downstream signaling cascades, the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. These pathways are crucial for cell growth and differentiation and are frequently hyperactivated during tumorigenesis. In addition, we also emphasize the emerging roles of the deregulated host immune system that may actively promote cancer progression and attenuate immunosurveillance in cancer therapies. Understanding these mechanisms may help to develop more effective therapeutic strategies that are able to keep the tumor in check and even possibly turn cancer into a chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wicki
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; and Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; and Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for
| | - Daniela Massi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; and Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; and Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for
| | - Huifang Tang
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; and Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for
| | - Brian A. Hemmings
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; and Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for
| | - Gongda Xue
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; and Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for
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