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Pellizzaro A, Clochard T, Planchet E, Limami AM, Morère-Le Paven MC. Identification and molecular characterization of Medicago truncatula NRT2 and NAR2 families. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 154:256-69. [PMID: 25430977 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate transporters received little attention to legumes probably because these species are able to adapt to N starvation by developing biological N2 fixation. Still it is important to study nitrate transport systems in legumes because nitrate intervenes as a signal in regulation of nodulation probably through nitrate transporters. The aim of this work is to achieve a molecular characterization of nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) and NAR2 (NRT3) families to allow further work that would unravel their involvement in nitrate transport and signaling. Browsing the latest version of the Medicago truncatula genome annotation (v4 version) revealed three putative NRT2 members that we have named MtNRT2.1 (Medtr4g057890.1), MtNRT2.2 (Medtr4g057865.1) and MtNRT2.3 (Medtr8g069775.1) and two putative NAR2 members we named MtNAR2.1 (Medtr4g104730.1) and MtNAR2.2 (Medtr4g104700.1). The regulation and the spatial expression profiles of MtNRT2.1, the coincidence of its expression with that of MtNAR2.1 and MtNAR2.2 and the size of the encoded protein with 12 transmembrane (TM) spanning regions strongly support the idea that MtNRT2.1 is a nitrate transporter with a major contribution to the high-affinity transport system (HATS), while a very low level of expression characterized MtNRT2.2. Unlike MtNRT2.1, MtNRT2.3 showed a lower level of expression in the root system but was expressed in the shoots and in the nodules thus suggesting an involvement of the encoded protein in nitrate transport inside the plant and/or in nitrate signaling pathways controlling post-inoculation processes that govern nodule functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthoni Pellizzaro
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, 42 rue Georges Morel, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Thibault Clochard
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, 42 rue Georges Morel, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Elisabeth Planchet
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, 42 rue Georges Morel, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Anis M Limami
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, 42 rue Georges Morel, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Marie-Christine Morère-Le Paven
- Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR4207 QUASAV, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France
- INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, 42 rue Georges Morel, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France
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Cabeza RA, Liese R, Fischinger SA, Sulieman S, Avenhaus U, Lingner A, Hein H, Koester B, Baumgarten V, Dittert K, Schulze J. Long-term non-invasive and continuous measurements of legume nodule activity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:637-48. [PMID: 25640854 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a process of considerable economic, ecological and scientific interest. The central enzyme nitrogenase reduces H(+) alongside N2 , and the evolving H2 allows a continuous and non-invasive in vivo measurement of nitrogenase activity. The objective of this study was to show that an elaborated set-up providing such measurements for periods as long as several weeks will produce specific insight into the nodule activity's dependence on environmental conditions and genotype features. A system was developed that allows the air-proof separation of a root/nodule and a shoot compartment. H2 evolution in the root/nodule compartment can be monitored continuously. Nutrient solution composition, temperature, CO2 concentration and humidity around the shoots can concomitantly be maintained and manipulated. Medicago truncatula plants showed vigorous growth in the system when relying on nitrogen fixation. The set-up was able to provide specific insights into nitrogen fixation. For example, nodule activity depended on the temperature in their surroundings, but not on temperature or light around shoots. Increased temperature around the nodules was able to induce higher nodule activity in darkness versus light around shoots for a period of as long as 8 h. Conditions that affected the N demand of the shoots (ammonium application, Mg or P depletion, super numeric nodules) induced consistent and complex daily rhythms in nodule activity. It was shown that long-term continuous measurements of nodule activity could be useful for revealing special features in mutants and could be of importance when synchronizing nodule harvests for complex analysis of their metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Cabeza
- Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen, 37075, Germany; Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Ingeniería y Suelos, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
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Avenhaus U, Cabeza RA, Liese R, Lingner A, Dittert K, Salinas-Riester G, Pommerenke C, Schulze J. Short-Term Molecular Acclimation Processes of Legume Nodules to Increased External Oxygen Concentration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1133. [PMID: 26779207 PMCID: PMC4702478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogenase is an oxygen labile enzyme. Microaerobic conditions within the infected zone of nodules are maintained primarily by an oxygen diffusion barrier (ODB) located in the nodule cortex. Flexibility of the ODB is important for the acclimation processes of nodules in response to changes in external oxygen concentration. The hypothesis of the present study was that there are additional molecular mechanisms involved. Nodule activity of Medicago truncatula plants were continuously monitored during a change from 21 to 25 or 30% oxygen around root nodules by measuring nodule H2 evolution. Within about 2 min of the increase in oxygen concentration, a steep decline in nitrogenase activity occurred. A quick recovery commenced about 8 min later. A qPCR-based analysis of the expression of genes for nitrogenase components showed a tendency toward upregulation during the recovery. The recovery resulted in a new constant activity after about 30 min, corresponding to approximately 90% of the pre-treatment level. An RNAseq-based comparative transcriptome profiling of nodules at that point in time revealed that genes for nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides, defensins, leghaemoglobin and chalcone and stilbene synthase were significantly upregulated when considered as a gene family. A gene for a nicotianamine synthase-like protein (Medtr1g084050) showed a strong increase in count number. The gene appears to be of importance for nodule functioning, as evidenced by its consistently high expression in nodules and a strong reaction to various environmental cues that influence nodule activity. A Tnt1-mutant that carries an insert in the coding sequence (cds) of that gene showed reduced nitrogen fixation and less efficient acclimation to an increased external oxygen concentration. It was concluded that sudden increases in oxygen concentration around nodules destroy nitrogenase, which is quickly counteracted by an increased neoformation of the enzyme. This reaction might be induced by increased formation of NCR peptides and necessitates an efficient iron supply to the bacteroid, which is probably mediated by nicotianamine. The paper is dedicated to the 85th birthday of Prof. Dr. Günther Schilling, University of Halle/Wittenberg, Germany, https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Günther_Schilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Avenhaus
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Cabeza
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Suelos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de ChileLa Pintana, Chile
| | - Rebecca Liese
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Annika Lingner
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Dittert
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas-Riester
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, DNA Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, DNA Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Schulze
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of GoettingenGoettingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Schulze,
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Reddy MM, Ulaganathan K. Nitrogen Nutrition, Its Regulation and Biotechnological Approaches to Improve Crop Productivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2015.618275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pellizzaro A, Clochard T, Cukier C, Bourdin C, Juchaux M, Montrichard F, Thany S, Raymond V, Planchet E, Limami AM, Morère-Le Paven MC. The nitrate transporter MtNPF6.8 (MtNRT1.3) transports abscisic acid and mediates nitrate regulation of primary root growth in Medicago truncatula. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:2152-65. [PMID: 25367858 PMCID: PMC4256864 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.250811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Elongation of the primary root during postgermination of Medicago truncatula seedlings is a multigenic trait that is responsive to exogenous nitrate. A quantitative genetic approach suggested the involvement of the nitrate transporter MtNPF6.8 (for Medicago truncatula NITRATE TRANSPORTER1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER Family6.8) in the inhibition of primary root elongation by high exogenous nitrate. In this study, the inhibitory effect of nitrate on primary root elongation, via inhibition of elongation of root cortical cells, was abolished in npf6.8 knockdown lines. Accordingly, we propose that MtNPF6.8 mediates nitrate inhibitory effects on primary root growth in M. truncatula. pMtNPF6.8:GUS promoter-reporter gene fusion in Agrobacterium rhizogenes-generated transgenic roots showed the expression of MtNPF6.8 in the pericycle region of primary roots and lateral roots, and in lateral root primordia and tips. MtNPF6.8 expression was insensitive to auxin and was stimulated by abscisic acid (ABA), which restored the inhibitory effect of nitrate in npf6.8 knockdown lines. It is then proposed that ABA acts downstream of MtNPF6.8 in this nitrate signaling pathway. Furthermore, MtNPF6.8 was shown to transport ABA in Xenopus spp. oocytes, suggesting an additional role of MtNPF6.8 in ABA root-to-shoot translocation. (15)NO3(-)-influx experiments showed that only the inducible component of the low-affinity transport system was affected in npf6.8 knockdown lines. This indicates that MtNPF6.8 is a major contributor to the inducible component of the low-affinity transport system. The short-term induction by nitrate of the expression of Nitrate Reductase1 (NR1) and NR2 (genes that encode two nitrate reductase isoforms) was greatly reduced in the npf6.8 knockdown lines, supporting a role of MtNPF6.8 in the primary nitrate response in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthoni Pellizzaro
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.), and Laboratoire Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires, Equipe d'Accueil 2647, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1330 (C.B., S.T., V.R.), Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France;Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.); andImagerie Cellulaire, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (M.J.)
| | - Thibault Clochard
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.), and Laboratoire Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires, Equipe d'Accueil 2647, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1330 (C.B., S.T., V.R.), Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France;Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.); andImagerie Cellulaire, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (M.J.)
| | - Caroline Cukier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.), and Laboratoire Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires, Equipe d'Accueil 2647, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1330 (C.B., S.T., V.R.), Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France;Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.); andImagerie Cellulaire, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (M.J.)
| | - Céline Bourdin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.), and Laboratoire Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires, Equipe d'Accueil 2647, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1330 (C.B., S.T., V.R.), Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France;Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.); andImagerie Cellulaire, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (M.J.)
| | - Marjorie Juchaux
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.), and Laboratoire Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires, Equipe d'Accueil 2647, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1330 (C.B., S.T., V.R.), Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France;Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.); andImagerie Cellulaire, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (M.J.)
| | - Françoise Montrichard
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.), and Laboratoire Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires, Equipe d'Accueil 2647, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1330 (C.B., S.T., V.R.), Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France;Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.); andImagerie Cellulaire, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (M.J.)
| | - Steeve Thany
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.), and Laboratoire Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires, Equipe d'Accueil 2647, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1330 (C.B., S.T., V.R.), Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France;Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.); andImagerie Cellulaire, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (M.J.)
| | - Valérie Raymond
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.), and Laboratoire Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires, Equipe d'Accueil 2647, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1330 (C.B., S.T., V.R.), Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France;Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.); andImagerie Cellulaire, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (M.J.)
| | - Elisabeth Planchet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.), and Laboratoire Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires, Equipe d'Accueil 2647, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1330 (C.B., S.T., V.R.), Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France;Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.); andImagerie Cellulaire, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (M.J.)
| | - Anis M Limami
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.), and Laboratoire Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires, Equipe d'Accueil 2647, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1330 (C.B., S.T., V.R.), Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France;Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.); andImagerie Cellulaire, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (M.J.)
| | - Marie-Christine Morère-Le Paven
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.), and Laboratoire Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires, Equipe d'Accueil 2647, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1330 (C.B., S.T., V.R.), Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France;Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (A.P., T.C., C.C., F.M., E.P., A.M.L., M.-C.M.-L.P.); andImagerie Cellulaire, Structure Fédérative de Recherche 4207 Qualité et Santé du Végétal, Université d'Angers, F-49071 Beaucouzé, France (M.J.)
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Cabeza RA, Liese R, Lingner A, von Stieglitz I, Neumann J, Salinas-Riester G, Pommerenke C, Dittert K, Schulze J. RNA-seq transcriptome profiling reveals that Medicago truncatula nodules acclimate N₂ fixation before emerging P deficiency reaches the nodules. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6035-48. [PMID: 25151618 PMCID: PMC4203135 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Legume nodules are plant tissues with an exceptionally high concentration of phosphorus (P), which, when there is scarcity of P, is preferentially maintained there rather than being allocated to other plant organs. The hypothesis of this study was that nodules are affected before the P concentration in the organ declines during whole-plant P depletion. Nitrogen (N₂) fixation and P concentration in various organs were monitored during a whole-plant P-depletion process in Medicago truncatula. Nodule gene expression was profiled through RNA-seq at day 5 of P depletion. Until that point in time P concentration in leaves reached a lower threshold but was maintained in nodules. N₂-fixation activity per plant diverged from that of fully nourished plants beginning at day 5 of the P-depletion process, primarily because fewer nodules were being formed, while the activity of the existing nodules was maintained for as long as two weeks into P depletion. RNA-seq revealed nodule acclimation on a molecular level with a total of 1140 differentially expressed genes. Numerous genes for P remobilization from organic structures were increasingly expressed. Various genes involved in nodule malate formation were upregulated, while genes involved in fermentation were downregulated. The fact that nodule formation was strongly repressed with the onset of P deficiency is reflected in the differential expression of various genes involved in nodulation. It is concluded that plants follow a strategy to maintain N₂ fixation and viable leaf tissue as long as possible during whole-plant P depletion to maintain their ability to react to emerging new P sources (e.g. through active P acquisition by roots).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Cabeza
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Liese
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Annika Lingner
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ilsabe von Stieglitz
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Janice Neumann
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas-Riester
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, DNA Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, DNA Microarray and Deep-Sequencing Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Dittert
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Schulze
- Department of Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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Fukushima A, Kusano M. A network perspective on nitrogen metabolism from model to crop plants using integrated 'omics' approaches. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5619-30. [PMID: 25129130 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), as an essential element in amino acids, nucleotides, and proteins, is a key factor in plant growth and development. Omics approaches such as metabolomics and transcriptomics have become a promising way to inspect complex network interactions in N metabolism and can be used for monitoring the uptake and regulation, translocation, and remobilization of N. In this review, the authors highlight recent progress in omics approaches, including transcript profiling using microarrays and deep sequencing, and show recent technical developments in metabolite profiling for N studies. Further, network analysis studies including network inference methods with correlations, information-theoretic measures, and a network concept to examine gene expression clusters in relation to N regulatory systems in plants are introduced, and integrating network inference methods and integrated networks using multiple omics data are discussed. Finally, this review summarizes recent omics application examples using metabolite and/or transcript profiling analysis to elucidate the regulation of N metabolism and signalling and the coordination of N and carbon metabolism in model plants (Arabidopsis and rice), crops (tomato, maize, and legumes), and trees (Populus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fukushima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan JST, National Bioscience Database Center (NBDC), 5-3, Yonbancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0081, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Guefrachi I, Nagymihaly M, Pislariu CI, Van de Velde W, Ratet P, Mars M, Udvardi MK, Kondorosi E, Mergaert P, Alunni B. Extreme specificity of NCR gene expression in Medicago truncatula. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:712. [PMID: 25156206 PMCID: PMC4168050 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Legumes form root nodules to house nitrogen fixing bacteria of the rhizobium family. The rhizobia are located intracellularly in the symbiotic nodule cells. In the legume Medicago truncatula these cells produce high amounts of Nodule-specific Cysteine-Rich (NCR) peptides which induce differentiation of the rhizobia into enlarged, polyploid and non-cultivable bacterial cells. NCRs are similar to innate immunity antimicrobial peptides. The NCR gene family is extremely large in Medicago with about 600 genes. Results Here we used the Medicago truncatula Gene Expression Atlas (MtGEA) and other published microarray data to analyze the expression of 334 NCR genes in 267 different experimental conditions. We find that all but five of these genes are expressed in nodules but in no other plant organ or in response to any other biotic interaction or abiotic stress tested. During symbiosis, none of the genes are induced by Nod factors. The NCR genes are activated in successive waves during nodule organogenesis, correlated with bacterial infection of the nodule cells and with a specific spatial localization of their transcripts from the apical to the proximal nodule zones. However, NCR expression is not associated with nodule senescence. According to their Shannon entropy, a measure expressing tissue specificity of gene expression, the NCR genes are among the most specifically expressed genes in M. truncatula. Moreover, when activated in nodules, their expression level is among the highest of all genes. Conclusions Together, these data show that the NCR gene expression is subject to an extreme tight regulation and is only activated during nodule organogenesis in the polyploid symbiotic cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-712) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Mergaert
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR2355, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Aranjuelo I, Arrese-Igor C, Molero G. Nodule performance within a changing environmental context. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1076-90. [PMID: 24974334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Global climate models predict that future environmental conditions will see alterations in temperature, water availability and CO2 concentration ([CO2]) in the atmosphere. Climate change will reinforce the need to develop highly productive crops. For this purpose it is essential to identify target traits conditioning plant performance in changing environments. N2 fixing plants represent the second major crop of agricultural importance worldwide. The current review provides a compilation of results from existing literature on the effects of several abiotic stress conditions on nodule performance and N2 fixation. The environmental factors analysed include water stress, salinity, temperature, and elevated [CO2]. Despite the large number of studies analysing [CO2] effects in plants, frequently they have been conducted under optimal growth conditions that are difficult to find in natural conditions where different stresses often occur simultaneously. This is why we have also included a section describing the current state of knowledge of interacting environmental conditions in nodule functioning. Regardless of the environmental factor considered, it is evident that some general patterns of nodule response are observed. Nodule carbohydrate and N compound availability, together with the presence of oxygen reactive species (ROS) have proven to be the key factors modulating N2 fixation at the physiological/biochemical levels. However, with the exception of water availability and [CO2], it should also be considered that nodule performance has not been characterised in detail under other limiting growth conditions. This highlights the necessity to conduct further studies considering these factors. Finally, we also observe that a better understanding of these metabolic effects of changing environment in nodule functioning would require an integrated and synergistic investigation based on widely used and novel protocols such as transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and stable isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31192 Mutilva Baja, Spain.
| | - Cesar Arrese-Igor
- Dpto. Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batán, Texcoco CP 56130, Mexico
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The carbon-nitrogen balance of the nodule and its regulation under elevated carbon dioxide concentration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:507946. [PMID: 24987690 PMCID: PMC4058508 DOI: 10.1155/2014/507946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Legumes have developed a unique way to interact with bacteria: in addition to preventing infection from pathogenic bacteria like any other plant, legumes also developed a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with one gender of soil bacteria: rhizobium. This interaction leads to the development of a new root organ, the nodule, where the differentiated bacteria fix for the plant the atmospheric dinitrogen (atmN2). In exchange, the symbiont will benefit from a permanent source of carbon compounds, products of the photosynthesis. The substantial amounts of fixed carbon dioxide dedicated to the symbiont imposed to the plant a tight regulation of the nodulation process to balance carbon and nitrogen incomes and outcomes. Climate change including the increase of the concentration of the atmospheric carbon dioxide is going to modify the rates of plant photosynthesis, the balance between nitrogen and carbon, and, as a consequence, the regulatory mechanisms of the nodulation process. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms controlling carbon/nitrogen balances in the context of legume nodulation and discusses how the change in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration could affect nodulation efficiency.
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Cabeza RA, Lingner A, Liese R, Sulieman S, Senbayram M, Tränkner M, Dittert K, Schulze J. The activity of nodules of the supernodulating mutant Mtsunn is not limited by photosynthesis under optimal growth conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6031-45. [PMID: 24727372 PMCID: PMC4013613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes match the nodule number to the N demand of the plant. When a mutation in the regulatory mechanism deprives the plant of that ability, an excessive number of nodules are formed. These mutants show low productivity in the fields, mainly due to the high carbon burden caused through the necessity to supply numerous nodules. The objective of this study was to clarify whether through optimal conditions for growth and CO2 assimilation a higher nodule activity of a supernodulating mutant of Medicago truncatula (M. truncatula) can be induced. Several experimental approaches reveal that under the conditions of our experiments, the nitrogen fixation of the supernodulating mutant, designated as sunn (super numeric nodules), was not limited by photosynthesis. Higher specific nitrogen fixation activity could not be induced through short- or long-term increases in CO2 assimilation around shoots. Furthermore, a whole plant P depletion induced a decline in nitrogen fixation, however this decline did not occur significantly earlier in sunn plants, nor was it more intense compared to the wild-type. However, a distinctly different pattern of nitrogen fixation during the day/night cycles of the experiment indicates that the control of N2 fixing activity of the large number of nodules is an additional problem for the productivity of supernodulating mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Cabeza
- Department for Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Annika Lingner
- Department for Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Liese
- Department for Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Saad Sulieman
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Mehmet Senbayram
- Institute for Applied Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Merle Tränkner
- Institute for Applied Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Klaus Dittert
- Department for Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
| | - Joachim Schulze
- Department for Crop Science, Section for Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Goettingen 37075, Germany.
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