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Kawaharada Y, James EK, Kelly S, Sandal N, Stougaard J. The Ethylene Responsive Factor Required for Nodulation 1 (ERN1) Transcription Factor Is Required for Infection-Thread Formation in Lotus japonicus. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:194-204. [PMID: 28068194 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-16-0237-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Several hundred genes are transcriptionally regulated during infection-thread formation and development of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. We have characterized a set of Lotus japonicus mutants impaired in root-nodule formation and found that the causative gene, Ern1, encodes a protein with a characteristic APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) transcription-factor domain. Phenotypic characterization of four ern1 alleles shows that infection pockets are formed but root-hair infection threads are absent. Formation of root-nodule primordia is delayed and no normal transcellular infection threads are found in the infected nodules. Corroborating the role of ERN1 (ERF Required for Nodulation1) in nodule organogenesis, spontaneous nodulation induced by an autoactive CCaMK and cytokinin-induced nodule primordia were not observed in ern1 mutants. Expression of Ern1 is induced in the susceptible zone by Nod factor treatment or rhizobial inoculation. At the cellular level, the pErn1:GUS reporter is highly expressed in root epidermal cells of the susceptible zone and in the cortical cells that form nodule primordia. The genetic regulation of this cellular expression pattern was further investigated in symbiotic mutants. Nod factor induction of Ern1 in epidermal cells was found to depend on Nfr1, Cyclops, and Nsp2 but was independent of Nin and Nf-ya1. These results suggest that ERN1 functions as a transcriptional regulator involved in the formation of infection threads and development of nodule primordia and may coordinate these two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kawaharada
- 1 Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; and
| | - Euan K James
- 2 The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, U.K
| | - Simon Kelly
- 1 Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; and
| | - Niels Sandal
- 1 Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; and
| | - Jens Stougaard
- 1 Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; and
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Hossain MS, Shrestha A, Zhong S, Miri M, Austin RS, Sato S, Ross L, Huebert T, Tromas A, Torres-Jerez I, Tang Y, Udvardi M, Murray JD, Szczyglowski K. Lotus japonicus NF-YA1 Plays an Essential Role During Nodule Differentiation and Targets Members of the SHI/STY Gene Family. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:950-964. [PMID: 27929718 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-16-0206-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Legume plants engage in intimate relationships with rhizobial bacteria to form nitrogen-fixing nodules, root-derived organs that accommodate the microsymbiont. Members of the Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) gene family, which have undergone significant expansion and functional diversification during plant evolution, are essential for this symbiotic liaison. Acting in a partially redundant manner, NF-Y proteins were shown, previously, to regulate bacterial infection, including selection of a superior rhizobial strain, and to mediate nodule structure formation. However, the exact mechanism by which these transcriptional factors exert their symbiotic functions has remained elusive. By carrying out detailed functional analyses of Lotus japonicus mutants, we demonstrate that LjNF-YA1 becomes indispensable downstream from the initial cortical cell divisions but prior to nodule differentiation, including cell enlargement and vascular bundle formation. Three affiliates of the SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH transcription factor gene family, called STY1, STY2, and STY3, are demonstrated to be among likely direct targets of LjNF-YA1, and our results point to their involvement in nodule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shakhawat Hossain
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Arina Shrestha
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
- 2 Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Sihui Zhong
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Mandana Miri
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
- 2 Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Ryan S Austin
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
- 2 Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Shusei Sato
- 3 Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; and
| | - Loretta Ross
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Terry Huebert
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Alexandre Tromas
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Ivone Torres-Jerez
- 4 Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma, U.S.A
| | - Yuhong Tang
- 4 Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma, U.S.A
| | - Michael Udvardi
- 4 Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- 4 Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma, U.S.A
| | - Krzysztof Szczyglowski
- 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, N5V 4T3 Canada
- 2 Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 Canada
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53
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Guillotin B, Couzigou JM, Combier JP. NIN Is Involved in the Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1704. [PMID: 27899928 PMCID: PMC5110543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is an intimate and ancient symbiosis found between most of terrestrial plants and fungi from the Glomeromycota family. Later during evolution, the establishment of the nodulation between legume plants and soil bacteria known as rhizobia, involved several genes of the signaling pathway previously implicated for AM symbiosis. For the past years, the identification of the genes belonging to this Common Symbiotic Signaling Pathway have been mostly done on nodulation. Among the different genes already well identified as required for nodulation, we focused our attention on the involvement of Nodule Inception (NIN) in AM symbiosis. We show here that NIN expression is induced during AM symbiosis, and that the Medicago truncatula nin mutant is less colonized than the wild-type M. truncatula strain. Moreover, nin mutant displays a defect in the ability to be infected by the fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. This work brings a new evidence of the common genes involved in overlapping signaling pathways of both nodulation and in AM symbiosis.
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54
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Jardinaud MF, Boivin S, Rodde N, Catrice O, Kisiala A, Lepage A, Moreau S, Roux B, Cottret L, Sallet E, Brault M, Emery RJN, Gouzy J, Frugier F, Gamas P. A Laser Dissection-RNAseq Analysis Highlights the Activation of Cytokinin Pathways by Nod Factors in the Medicago truncatula Root Epidermis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:2256-76. [PMID: 27217496 PMCID: PMC4936592 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nod factors (NFs) are lipochitooligosaccharidic signal molecules produced by rhizobia, which play a key role in the rhizobium-legume symbiotic interaction. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression reprogramming induced by purified NF (4 and 24 h of treatment) in the root epidermis of the model legume Medicago truncatula Tissue-specific transcriptome analysis was achieved by laser-capture microdissection coupled to high-depth RNA sequencing. The expression of 17,191 genes was detected in the epidermis, among which 1,070 were found to be regulated by NF addition, including previously characterized NF-induced marker genes. Many genes exhibited strong levels of transcriptional activation, sometimes only transiently at 4 h, indicating highly dynamic regulation. Expression reprogramming affected a variety of cellular processes, including perception, signaling, regulation of gene expression, as well as cell wall, cytoskeleton, transport, metabolism, and defense, with numerous NF-induced genes never identified before. Strikingly, early epidermal activation of cytokinin (CK) pathways was indicated, based on the induction of CK metabolic and signaling genes, including the CRE1 receptor essential to promote nodulation. These transcriptional activations were independently validated using promoter:β-glucuronidase fusions with the MtCRE1 CK receptor gene and a CK response reporter (TWO COMPONENT SIGNALING SENSOR NEW). A CK pretreatment reduced the NF induction of the EARLY NODULIN11 (ENOD11) symbiotic marker, while a CK-degrading enzyme (CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE3) ectopically expressed in the root epidermis led to increased NF induction of ENOD11 and nodulation. Therefore, CK may play both positive and negative roles in M. truncatula nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Françoise Jardinaud
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Stéphane Boivin
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Nathalie Rodde
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Olivier Catrice
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kisiala
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Agnes Lepage
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Sandra Moreau
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Brice Roux
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Ludovic Cottret
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Erika Sallet
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Mathias Brault
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - R J Neil Emery
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Jérôme Gouzy
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Florian Frugier
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Pascal Gamas
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J., N.R., O.C., A.L., S.M., B.R., L.C., E.S., J.G., P.G.);INPT-Université de Toulouse, ENSAT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.-F.J.);Institute of Plant Sciences-Paris Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Universités Paris-Sud/Paris-Diderot/d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (S.B., M.B., F.F.);Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8 (A.K., R.J.N.E.); andDepartment of Plant Genetics, Physiology, and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland (A.K.)
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55
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Cerri MR, Frances L, Kelner A, Fournier J, Middleton PH, Auriac MC, Mysore KS, Wen J, Erard M, Barker DG, Oldroyd GE, de Carvalho-Niebel F. The Symbiosis-Related ERN Transcription Factors Act in Concert to Coordinate Rhizobial Host Root Infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1037-54. [PMID: 27208242 PMCID: PMC4902606 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Legumes improve their mineral nutrition through nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbioses with soil rhizobia. Rhizobial infection of legumes is regulated by a number of transcription factors, including ERF Required for Nodulation1 (ERN1). Medicago truncatula plants defective in ERN1 are unable to nodulate, but still exhibit early symbiotic responses including rhizobial infection. ERN1 has a close homolog, ERN2, which shows partially overlapping expression patterns. Here we show that ern2 mutants exhibit a later nodulation phenotype than ern1, being able to form nodules but with signs of premature senescence. Molecular characterization of the ern2-1 mutation reveals a key role for a conserved threonine for both DNA binding and transcriptional activity. In contrast to either single mutant, the double ern1-1 ern2-1 line is completely unable to initiate infection or nodule development. The strong ern1-1 ern2-1 phenotype demonstrates functional redundancy between these two transcriptional regulators and reveals the essential role of ERN1/ERN2 to coordinately induce rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis. While ERN1/ERN2 act in concert in the root epidermis, only ERN1 can efficiently allow the development of mature nodules in the cortex, probably through an independent pathway. Together, these findings reveal the key roles that ERN1/ERN2 play at the very earliest stages of root nodule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion R Cerri
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, UMR 2594), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, UMR 441), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.R.C., L.F., A.K., J.F., M.-C.A., D.G.B., F.d.C.-N.)Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (P.H.M., G.E.O.)The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (K.S.M., J.W.); andInstitute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089-205, 31077 Toulouse, France (M.E.)
| | - Lisa Frances
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, UMR 2594), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, UMR 441), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.R.C., L.F., A.K., J.F., M.-C.A., D.G.B., F.d.C.-N.)Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (P.H.M., G.E.O.)The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (K.S.M., J.W.); andInstitute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089-205, 31077 Toulouse, France (M.E.)
| | - Audrey Kelner
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, UMR 2594), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, UMR 441), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.R.C., L.F., A.K., J.F., M.-C.A., D.G.B., F.d.C.-N.)Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (P.H.M., G.E.O.)The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (K.S.M., J.W.); andInstitute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089-205, 31077 Toulouse, France (M.E.)
| | - Joëlle Fournier
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, UMR 2594), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, UMR 441), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.R.C., L.F., A.K., J.F., M.-C.A., D.G.B., F.d.C.-N.)Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (P.H.M., G.E.O.)The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (K.S.M., J.W.); andInstitute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089-205, 31077 Toulouse, France (M.E.)
| | - Patrick H Middleton
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, UMR 2594), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, UMR 441), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.R.C., L.F., A.K., J.F., M.-C.A., D.G.B., F.d.C.-N.)Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (P.H.M., G.E.O.)The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (K.S.M., J.W.); andInstitute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089-205, 31077 Toulouse, France (M.E.)
| | - Marie-Christine Auriac
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, UMR 2594), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, UMR 441), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.R.C., L.F., A.K., J.F., M.-C.A., D.G.B., F.d.C.-N.)Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (P.H.M., G.E.O.)The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (K.S.M., J.W.); andInstitute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089-205, 31077 Toulouse, France (M.E.)
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, UMR 2594), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, UMR 441), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.R.C., L.F., A.K., J.F., M.-C.A., D.G.B., F.d.C.-N.)Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (P.H.M., G.E.O.)The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (K.S.M., J.W.); andInstitute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089-205, 31077 Toulouse, France (M.E.)
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, UMR 2594), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, UMR 441), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.R.C., L.F., A.K., J.F., M.-C.A., D.G.B., F.d.C.-N.)Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (P.H.M., G.E.O.)The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (K.S.M., J.W.); andInstitute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089-205, 31077 Toulouse, France (M.E.)
| | - Monique Erard
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, UMR 2594), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, UMR 441), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.R.C., L.F., A.K., J.F., M.-C.A., D.G.B., F.d.C.-N.)Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (P.H.M., G.E.O.)The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (K.S.M., J.W.); andInstitute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089-205, 31077 Toulouse, France (M.E.)
| | - David G Barker
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, UMR 2594), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, UMR 441), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.R.C., L.F., A.K., J.F., M.-C.A., D.G.B., F.d.C.-N.)Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (P.H.M., G.E.O.)The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (K.S.M., J.W.); andInstitute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089-205, 31077 Toulouse, France (M.E.)
| | - Giles E Oldroyd
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, UMR 2594), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, UMR 441), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.R.C., L.F., A.K., J.F., M.-C.A., D.G.B., F.d.C.-N.)Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (P.H.M., G.E.O.)The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (K.S.M., J.W.); andInstitute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089-205, 31077 Toulouse, France (M.E.)
| | - Fernanda de Carvalho-Niebel
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, UMR 2594), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, UMR 441), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (M.R.C., L.F., A.K., J.F., M.-C.A., D.G.B., F.d.C.-N.)Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (P.H.M., G.E.O.)The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (K.S.M., J.W.); andInstitute de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089-205, 31077 Toulouse, France (M.E.)
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Saha S, Paul A, Herring L, Dutta A, Bhattacharya A, Samaddar S, Goshe MB, DasGupta M. Gatekeeper Tyrosine Phosphorylation of SYMRK Is Essential for Synchronizing the Epidermal and Cortical Responses in Root Nodule Symbiosis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:71-81. [PMID: 26960732 PMCID: PMC4854696 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Symbiosis receptor kinase (SYMRK) is indispensable for activation of root nodule symbiosis (RNS) at both epidermal and cortical levels and is functionally conserved in legumes. Previously, we reported SYMRK to be phosphorylated on "gatekeeper" Tyr both in vitro as well as in planta. Since gatekeeper phosphorylation was not necessary for activity, the significance remained elusive. Herein, we show that substituting gatekeeper with nonphosphorylatable residues like Phe or Ala significantly affected autophosphorylation on selected targets on activation segment/αEF and β3-αC loop of SYMRK. In addition, the same gatekeeper mutants failed to restore proper symbiotic features in a symrk null mutant where rhizobial invasion of the epidermis and nodule organogenesis was unaffected but rhizobia remain restricted to the epidermis in infection threads migrating parallel to the longitudinal axis of the root, resulting in extensive infection patches at the nodule apex. Thus, gatekeeper phosphorylation is critical for synchronizing epidermal/cortical responses in RNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India (S. Saha, A.P., A.D., A.B., S. Samaddar, M.D.); andDepartment of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (L.H., M.B.G.)
| | - Anindita Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India (S. Saha, A.P., A.D., A.B., S. Samaddar, M.D.); andDepartment of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (L.H., M.B.G.)
| | - Laura Herring
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India (S. Saha, A.P., A.D., A.B., S. Samaddar, M.D.); andDepartment of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (L.H., M.B.G.)
| | - Ayan Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India (S. Saha, A.P., A.D., A.B., S. Samaddar, M.D.); andDepartment of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (L.H., M.B.G.)
| | - Avisek Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India (S. Saha, A.P., A.D., A.B., S. Samaddar, M.D.); andDepartment of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (L.H., M.B.G.)
| | - Sandip Samaddar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India (S. Saha, A.P., A.D., A.B., S. Samaddar, M.D.); andDepartment of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (L.H., M.B.G.)
| | - Michael B Goshe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India (S. Saha, A.P., A.D., A.B., S. Samaddar, M.D.); andDepartment of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (L.H., M.B.G.)
| | - Maitrayee DasGupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India (S. Saha, A.P., A.D., A.B., S. Samaddar, M.D.); andDepartment of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 (L.H., M.B.G.)
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Froussart E, Bonneau J, Franche C, Bogusz D. Recent advances in actinorhizal symbiosis signaling. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:613-622. [PMID: 26873697 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus availability are frequent limiting factors in plant growth and development. Certain bacteria and fungi form root endosymbiotic relationships with plants enabling them to exploit atmospheric nitrogen and soil phosphorus. The relationships between bacteria and plants include nitrogen-fixing Gram-negative proteobacteria called rhizobia that are able to interact with most leguminous plants (Fabaceae) but also with the non-legume Parasponia (Cannabaceae), and actinobacteria Frankia, which are able to interact with about 260 species collectively called actinorhizal plants. Fungi involved in the relationship with plants include Glomeromycota that form an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association intracellularly within the roots of more than 80% of land plants. Increasing numbers of reports suggest that the rhizobial association with legumes has recycled part of the ancestral program used by most plants to interact with AM fungi. This review focuses on the most recent progress made in plant genetic control of root nodulation that occurs in non-legume actinorhizal plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Froussart
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD-UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jocelyne Bonneau
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD-UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Claudine Franche
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD-UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Didier Bogusz
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD-UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Miri M, Janakirama P, Held M, Ross L, Szczyglowski K. Into the Root: How Cytokinin Controls Rhizobial Infection. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:178-186. [PMID: 26459665 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Leguminous plants selectively initiate primary responses to rhizobial nodulation factors (NF) that ultimately lead to symbiotic root nodule formation. Functioning downstream, cytokinin has emerged as the key endogenous plant signal for nodule differentiation, but its role in mediating rhizobial entry into the root remains obscure. Nonetheless, such a role is suggested by aberrant infection phenotypes of plant mutants with defects in cytokinin signaling. We postulate that cytokinin participates in orchestrating signaling events that promote rhizobial colonization of the root cortex and limit the extent of subsequent infection at the root epidermis, thus maintaining homeostasis of the symbiotic interaction. We further argue that cytokinin signaling must have been crucial during the evolution of plant cell predisposition for rhizobial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Miri
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, London, ONT, NV5 4T3, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ONT, N6A 5BF, Canada
| | - Preetam Janakirama
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, London, ONT, NV5 4T3, Canada
| | - Mark Held
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, London, ONT, NV5 4T3, Canada; Current address: Intrexon Corporation, 329 Oyster Pt. Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Loretta Ross
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, London, ONT, NV5 4T3, Canada
| | - Krzysztof Szczyglowski
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, London, ONT, NV5 4T3, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ONT, N6A 5BF, Canada.
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Veerappan V, Jani M, Kadel K, Troiani T, Gale R, Mayes T, Shulaev E, Wen J, Mysore KS, Azad RK, Dickstein R. Rapid identification of causative insertions underlying Medicago truncatula Tnt1 mutants defective in symbiotic nitrogen fixation from a forward genetic screen by whole genome sequencing. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:141. [PMID: 26920390 PMCID: PMC4769575 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the model legume Medicago truncatula, the near saturation genome-wide Tnt1 insertion mutant population in ecotype R108 is a valuable tool in functional genomics studies. Forward genetic screens have identified many Tnt1 mutants defective in nodule development and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). However, progress toward identifying the causative mutations of these symbiotic mutants has been slow because of the high copy number of Tnt1 insertions in some mutant plants and inefficient recovery of flanking sequence tags (FSTs) by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR) and other techniques. RESULTS Two Tnt1 symbiotic mutants, NF11217 and NF10547, with defects in nodulation and SNF were isolated during a forward genetic screen. Both TAIL-PCR and whole genome sequencing (WGS) approaches were used in attempts to find the relevant mutant genes in NF11217 and NF10547. Illumina paired-end WGS generated ~16 Gb of sequence data from a 500 bp insert library for each mutant, yielding ~40X genome coverage. Bioinformatics analysis of the sequence data identified 97 and 65 high confidence independent Tnt1 insertion loci in NF11217 and NF10547, respectively. In comparison to TAIL-PCR, WGS recovered more Tnt1 insertions. From the WGS data, we found Tnt1 insertions in the exons of the previously described PHOSPHOLIPASE C (PLC)-like and NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) genes in NF11217 and NF10547 mutants, respectively. Co-segregation analyses confirmed that the symbiotic phenotypes of NF11217 and NF10547 are tightly linked to the Tnt1 insertions in PLC-like and NIN genes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this work, we demonstrate that WGS is an efficient approach for identification of causative genes underlying SNF defective phenotypes in M. truncatula Tnt1 insertion mutants obtained via forward genetic screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar Veerappan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Mehul Jani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Khem Kadel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Taylor Troiani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Ronny Gale
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Tyler Mayes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Elena Shulaev
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA.
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA.
| | - Rajeev K Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA. .,Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Rebecca Dickstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
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Veerappan V, Jani M, Kadel K, Troiani T, Gale R, Mayes T, Shulaev E, Wen J, Mysore KS, Azad RK, Dickstein R. Rapid identification of causative insertions underlying Medicago truncatula Tnt1 mutants defective in symbiotic nitrogen fixation from a forward genetic screen by whole genome sequencing. BMC Genomics 2016. [PMID: 26920390 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-12016-12452-12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the model legume Medicago truncatula, the near saturation genome-wide Tnt1 insertion mutant population in ecotype R108 is a valuable tool in functional genomics studies. Forward genetic screens have identified many Tnt1 mutants defective in nodule development and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). However, progress toward identifying the causative mutations of these symbiotic mutants has been slow because of the high copy number of Tnt1 insertions in some mutant plants and inefficient recovery of flanking sequence tags (FSTs) by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR) and other techniques. RESULTS Two Tnt1 symbiotic mutants, NF11217 and NF10547, with defects in nodulation and SNF were isolated during a forward genetic screen. Both TAIL-PCR and whole genome sequencing (WGS) approaches were used in attempts to find the relevant mutant genes in NF11217 and NF10547. Illumina paired-end WGS generated ~16 Gb of sequence data from a 500 bp insert library for each mutant, yielding ~40X genome coverage. Bioinformatics analysis of the sequence data identified 97 and 65 high confidence independent Tnt1 insertion loci in NF11217 and NF10547, respectively. In comparison to TAIL-PCR, WGS recovered more Tnt1 insertions. From the WGS data, we found Tnt1 insertions in the exons of the previously described PHOSPHOLIPASE C (PLC)-like and NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) genes in NF11217 and NF10547 mutants, respectively. Co-segregation analyses confirmed that the symbiotic phenotypes of NF11217 and NF10547 are tightly linked to the Tnt1 insertions in PLC-like and NIN genes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this work, we demonstrate that WGS is an efficient approach for identification of causative genes underlying SNF defective phenotypes in M. truncatula Tnt1 insertion mutants obtained via forward genetic screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar Veerappan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Mehul Jani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Khem Kadel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Taylor Troiani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Ronny Gale
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Tyler Mayes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Elena Shulaev
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA.
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA.
| | - Rajeev K Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA. .,Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Rebecca Dickstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
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Kang Y, Li M, Sinharoy S, Verdier J. A Snapshot of Functional Genetic Studies in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1175. [PMID: 27555857 PMCID: PMC4977297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the current context of food security, increase of plant protein production in a sustainable manner represents one of the major challenges of agronomic research, which could be partially resolved by increased cultivation of legume crops. Medicago truncatula is now a well-established model for legume genomic and genetic studies. With the establishment of genomics tools and mutant populations in M. truncatula, it has become an important resource to answer some of the basic biological questions related to plant development and stress tolerance. This review has an objective to overview a decade of genetic studies in this model plant from generation of mutant populations to nowadays. To date, the three biological fields, which have been extensively studied in M. truncatula, are the symbiotic nitrogen fixation, the seed development, and the abiotic stress tolerance, due to their significant agronomic impacts. In this review, we summarize functional genetic studies related to these three major biological fields. We integrated analyses of a nearly exhaustive list of genes into their biological contexts in order to provide an overview of the forefront research advances in this important legume model plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kang
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble FoundationArdmore, OK, USA
| | - Minguye Li
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- Shanghai Plant Stress Center, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Senjuti Sinharoy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of CalcuttaCalcutta, India
| | - Jerome Verdier
- Shanghai Plant Stress Center, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jerome Verdier
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Guinel FC. Ethylene, a Hormone at the Center-Stage of Nodulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1121. [PMID: 26834752 PMCID: PMC4714629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nodulation is the result of a beneficial interaction between legumes and rhizobia. It is a sophisticated process leading to nutrient exchange between the two types of symbionts. In this association, within a nodule, the rhizobia, using energy provided as photosynthates, fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert it to ammonium which is available to the plant. Nodulation is recognized as an essential process in nitrogen cycling and legume crops are known to enrich agricultural soils in nitrogenous compounds. Furthermore, as they are rich in nitrogen, legumes are considered important as staple foods for humans and fodder for animals. To tightly control this association and keep it mutualistic, the plant uses several means, including hormones. The hormone ethylene has been known as a negative regulator of nodulation for almost four decades. Since then, much progress has been made in the understanding of both the ethylene signaling pathway and the nodulation process. Here I have taken a large view, using recently obtained knowledge, to describe in some detail the major stages of the process. I have not only reviewed the steps most commonly covered (the common signaling transduction pathway, and the epidermal and cortical programs), but I have also looked into steps less understood (the pre-infection step with the plant defense response, the bacterial release and the formation of the symbiosome, and nodule functioning and senescence). After a succinct review of the ethylene signaling pathway, I have used the knowledge obtained from nodulation- and ethylene-related mutants to paint a more complete picture of the role played by the hormone in nodule organogenesis, functioning, and senescence. It transpires that ethylene is at the center of this effective symbiosis. It has not only been involved in most of the steps leading to a mature nodule, but it has also been implicated in host immunity and nodule senescence. It is likely responsible for the activation of other hormonal signaling pathways. I have completed the review by citing three studies which makes one wonder whether knowledge gained on nodulation in the last decades is ready to be transferred to agricultural fields.
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Vernié T, Kim J, Frances L, Ding Y, Sun J, Guan D, Niebel A, Gifford ML, de Carvalho-Niebel F, Oldroyd GED. The NIN Transcription Factor Coordinates Diverse Nodulation Programs in Different Tissues of the Medicago truncatula Root. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:3410-24. [PMID: 26672071 PMCID: PMC4707452 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation in legumes occurs in nodules that are initiated in the root cortex following Nod factor recognition at the root surface, and this requires coordination of diverse developmental programs in these different tissues. We show that while early Nod factor signaling associated with calcium oscillations is limited to the root surface, the resultant activation of Nodule Inception (NIN) in the root epidermis is sufficient to promote cytokinin signaling and nodule organogenesis in the inner root cortex. NIN or a product of its action must be associated with the transmission of a signal between the root surface and the cortical cells where nodule organogenesis is initiated. NIN appears to have distinct functions in the root epidermis and the root cortex. In the epidermis, NIN restricts the extent of Early Nodulin 11 (ENOD11) expression and does so through competitive inhibition of ERF Required for Nodulation (ERN1). In contrast, NIN is sufficient to promote the expression of the cytokinin receptor Cytokinin Response 1 (CRE1), which is restricted to the root cortex. Our work in Medicago truncatula highlights the complexity of NIN action and places NIN as a central player in the coordination of the symbiotic developmental programs occurring in differing tissues of the root that combined are necessary for a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Vernié
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Frances
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microorganismes, CNRS-INRA 2594/441, F-31320 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Yiliang Ding
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Jongho Sun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Dian Guan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Niebel
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microorganismes, CNRS-INRA 2594/441, F-31320 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Miriam L Gifford
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giles E D Oldroyd
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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64
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Clavijo F, Diedhiou I, Vaissayre V, Brottier L, Acolatse J, Moukouanga D, Crabos A, Auguy F, Franche C, Gherbi H, Champion A, Hocher V, Barker D, Bogusz D, Tisa LS, Svistoonoff S. The Casuarina NIN gene is transcriptionally activated throughout Frankia root infection as well as in response to bacterial diffusible signals. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:887-903. [PMID: 26096779 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Root nodule symbioses (RNS) allow plants to acquire atmospheric nitrogen by establishing an intimate relationship with either rhizobia, the symbionts of legumes or Frankia in the case of actinorhizal plants. In legumes, NIN (Nodule INception) genes encode key transcription factors involved in nodulation. Here we report the characterization of CgNIN, a NIN gene from the actinorhizal tree Casuarina glauca using both phylogenetic analysis and transgenic plants expressing either ProCgNIN::reporter gene fusions or CgNIN RNAi constructs. We have found that CgNIN belongs to the same phylogenetic group as other symbiotic NIN genes and CgNIN is able to complement a legume nin mutant for the early steps of nodule development. CgNIN expression is correlated with infection by Frankia, including preinfection stages in developing root hairs, and is induced by culture supernatants. Knockdown mutants were impaired for nodulation and early root hair deformation responses were severely affected. However, no mycorrhizal phenotype was observed and no induction of CgNIN expression was detected in mycorrhizas. Our results indicate that elements specifically required for nodulation include NIN and possibly related gene networks derived from the nitrate signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Clavijo
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des plantes (IRD Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Issa Diedhiou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des plantes (IRD Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laboratoire mixte international Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, CP 18524, Dakar, Sénégal
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/Institut Sénégalais des Recherches Agricoles (ISRA)/Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Virginie Vaissayre
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des plantes (IRD Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Laurent Brottier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des plantes (IRD Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Université Montpellier/Supagro) Campus International de Baillarguet, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jennifer Acolatse
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des plantes (IRD Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Daniel Moukouanga
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des plantes (IRD Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Amandine Crabos
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des plantes (IRD Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Florence Auguy
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des plantes (IRD Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Claudine Franche
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des plantes (IRD Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Hassen Gherbi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des plantes (IRD Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Université Montpellier/Supagro) Campus International de Baillarguet, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Antony Champion
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des plantes (IRD Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laboratoire mixte international Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, CP 18524, Dakar, Sénégal
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/Institut Sénégalais des Recherches Agricoles (ISRA)/Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Valerie Hocher
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des plantes (IRD Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Université Montpellier/Supagro) Campus International de Baillarguet, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - David Barker
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (UMR 441), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 2594), Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Didier Bogusz
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des plantes (IRD Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Louis S Tisa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824-2617, USA
| | - Sergio Svistoonoff
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des plantes (IRD Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 911 avenue Agropolis, F-34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Laboratoire mixte international Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, CP 18524, Dakar, Sénégal
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/Institut Sénégalais des Recherches Agricoles (ISRA)/Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Université Montpellier/Supagro) Campus International de Baillarguet, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Suzaki T, Yoro E, Kawaguchi M. Leguminous plants: inventors of root nodules to accommodate symbiotic bacteria. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 316:111-58. [PMID: 25805123 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Legumes and a few other plant species can establish a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, which enables them to survive in a nitrogen-deficient environment. During the course of nodulation, infection with rhizobia induces the dedifferentiation of host cells to form primordia of a symbiotic organ, the nodule, which prepares plants to accommodate rhizobia in host cells. While these nodulation processes are known to be genetically controlled by both plants and rhizobia, recent advances in studies on two model legumes, Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula, have provided great insight into the underlying plant-side molecular mechanism. In this chapter, we review such knowledge, with particular emphasis on two key processes of nodulation, nodule development and rhizobial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suzaki
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan; School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Emiko Yoro
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan; School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan; School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Japan
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66
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Ried MK, Antolín-Llovera M, Parniske M. Spontaneous symbiotic reprogramming of plant roots triggered by receptor-like kinases. eLife 2014; 3:03891. [PMID: 25422918 PMCID: PMC4243133 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis Receptor-like Kinase (SYMRK) is indispensable for the development of phosphate-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) as well as nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis, but the mechanisms that discriminate between the two distinct symbiotic developmental fates have been enigmatic. In this study, we show that upon ectopic expression, the receptor-like kinase genes Nod Factor Receptor 1 (NFR1), NFR5, and SYMRK initiate spontaneous nodule organogenesis and nodulation-related gene expression in the absence of rhizobia. Furthermore, overexpressed NFR1 or NFR5 associated with endogenous SYMRK in roots of the legume Lotus japonicus. Epistasis tests revealed that the dominant active SYMRK allele initiates signalling independently of either the NFR1 or NFR5 gene and upstream of a set of genes required for the generation or decoding of calcium-spiking in both symbioses. Only SYMRK but not NFR overexpression triggered the expression of AM-related genes, indicating that the receptors play a key role in the decision between AM- or root nodule symbiosis-development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Parniske
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
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67
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Nodule Inception creates a long-distance negative feedback loop involved in homeostatic regulation of nodule organ production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14607-12. [PMID: 25246578 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1412716111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoregulatory negative-feedback loops play important roles in fine-balancing tissue and organ development. Such loops are composed of short-range intercellular signaling pathways via cell-cell communications. On the other hand, leguminous plants use a long-distance negative-feedback system involving root-shoot communication to control the number of root nodules, root lateral organs that harbor symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria known as rhizobia. This feedback system, known as autoregulation of nodulation (AON), consists of two long-distance mobile signals: root-derived and shoot-derived signals. Two Lotus japonicus CLAVATA3/endosperm surrounding region (CLE)-related small peptides, CLE root signal1 (CLE-RS1) and CLE-RS2, function as root-derived signals and are perceived by a shoot-acting AON factor, the hypernodulation aberrant root formation1 (HAR1) receptor protein, an ortholog of Arabidopsis CLAVATA1, which is responsible for shoot apical meristem homeostasis. This peptide-receptor interaction is necessary for systemic suppression of nodulation. How the onset of nodulation activates AON and how optimal nodule numbers are maintained remain unknown, however. Here we show that an RWP-RK-containing transcription factor, nodule inception (NIN), which induces nodule-like structures without rhizobial infection when expressed ectopically, directly targets CLE-RS1 and CLE-RS2. Roots constitutively expressing NIN systemically repress activation of endogenous NIN expression in untransformed roots of the same plant in a HAR1-dependent manner, leading to systemic suppression of nodulation and down-regulation of CLE expression. Our findings provide, to our knowledge, the first molecular evidence of a long-distance autoregulatory negative-feedback loop that homeostatically regulates nodule organ formation.
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68
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Laloum T, Baudin M, Frances L, Lepage A, Billault-Penneteau B, Cerri MR, Ariel F, Jardinaud MF, Gamas P, de Carvalho-Niebel F, Niebel A. Two CCAAT-box-binding transcription factors redundantly regulate early steps of the legume-rhizobia endosymbiosis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:757-68. [PMID: 24930743 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
During endosymbiotic interactions between legume plants and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, successful root infection by bacteria and nodule organogenesis requires the perception and transduction of bacterial lipo-chitooligosaccharidic signal called Nod factor (NF). NF perception in legume roots leads to the activation of an early signaling pathway and of a set of symbiotic genes which is controlled by specific early transcription factors (TFs) including CYCLOPS/IPD3, NSP1, NSP2, ERN1 and NIN. In this study, we bring convincing evidence that the Medicago truncatula CCAAT-box-binding NF-YA1 TF, previously associated with later stages of rhizobial infection and nodule meristem formation is, together with its closest homolog NF-YA2, also an essential positive regulator of the NF-signaling pathway. Here we show that NF-YA1 and NF-YA2 are both expressed in epidermal cells responding to NFs and their knock-down by reverse genetic approaches severely affects the NF-induced expression of symbiotic genes and rhizobial infection. Further over-expression, transactivation and ChIP-PCR approaches indicate that NF-YA1 and NF-YA2 function, at least in part, via the direct activation of ERN1. We thus propose a model in which NF-YA1 and NF-YA2 appear as early symbiotic regulators acting downstream of DMI3 and NIN and possibly within the same regulatory complexes as NSP1/2 to directly activate the expression of ERN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Laloum
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), INRA, UMR441, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France; Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), CNRS, UMR2594, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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