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Kim DS, Hurh BS, Shin KS. Chemical Characteristics and Immuno-Stimulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Fermented Vinegars Manufactured with Different Raw Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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52
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A polysaccharide from Trametes robiniophila Murrill induces apoptosis through intrinsic mitochondrial pathway in human osteosarcoma (U-2 OS) cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5255-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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53
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Christiaens S, Van Buggenhout S, Houben K, Jamsazzadeh Kermani Z, Moelants KR, Ngouémazong ED, Van Loey A, Hendrickx ME. Process–Structure–Function Relations of Pectin in Food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:1021-42. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.753029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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54
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Jung JY, Shin JS, Rhee Y, Cho CW, Lee MK, Hong HD, Lee KT. In vitro
and in vivo
immunostimulatory activity of an exopolysaccharide-enriched fraction from Bacillus subtilis. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:739-52. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-Y. Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - J.-S. Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center; School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Y.K. Rhee
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - C.-W. Cho
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - M.-K. Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - H.-D. Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - K.-T. Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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55
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Two UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylases involved in the biosynthesis of a bacterial exopolysaccharide in Paenibacillus elgii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:3127-39. [PMID: 25573472 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Xylose is described as a component of bacterial exopolysaccharides in only a limited number of bacterial strains. A bacterial strain, Paenibacillus elgii, B69 was shown to be efficient in producing a xylose-containing exopolysaccharide. Sequence analysis was performed to identify the genes encoding the uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronic acid decarboxylase required for the synthesis of UDP-xylose, the precursor of the exopolysaccharide. Two sequences, designated as Peuxs1 and Peuxs2, were found as the candidate genes for such enzymes. The activities of the UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylases were proven by heterologous expression and real-time nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The intracellular activity and effect of these genes on the synthesis of exopolysaccharide were further investigated by developing a thymidylate synthase based knockout system. This system was used to substitute the conventional antibiotic resistance gene system in P. elgii, a natural multi-antibiotic resistant strain. Results of intracellular nucleotide sugar analysis showed that the intracellular UDP-xylose and UDP-glucuronic acid levels were affected in Peuxs1 or Peuxs2 knockout strains. The knockout of either Peuxs1 or Peuxs2 reduced the polysaccharide production and changed the monosaccharide ratio. No polysaccharide was found in the Peuxs1/Peuxs2 double knockout strain. Our results show that P. elgii can be efficient in forming UDP-xylose, which is then used for the synthesis of xylose-containing exopolysaccharide.
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56
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Lee EH, Park HR, Shin MS, Cho SY, Choi HJ, Shin KS. Antitumor metastasis activity of pectic polysaccharide purified from the peels of Korean Citrus Hallabong. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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57
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Zhou XY, Zhang J, Xu RP, Ma X, Zhang ZQ. Aqueous biphasic system based on low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol for one-step separation of crude polysaccharides from Pericarpium granati using high-speed countercurrent chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1362:129-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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58
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Li O, Liu A, Lu C, Zheng DQ, Qian CD, Wang PM, Jiang XH, Wu XC. Increasing viscosity and yields of bacterial exopolysaccharides by repeatedly exposing strains to ampicillin. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 110:203-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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59
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Choi RN, Park YC, Lee JS, Kim JW, Kim JB, Cheoi YS, Kim KK, Lee JG, Yu CY, Kim SH, Chung IM, Kim JK, Lim JD. Isolation of Polysaccharides Modulating Intestinal Immune System and Single Oral Dose Toxicity Test in Astragalus membranaceus Abovegroud Parts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7783/kjmcs.2014.22.4.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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60
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Asnin L, Park SW. Isolation and Analysis of Bioactive Compounds inCapsicumPeppers. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 55:254-89. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.652316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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61
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Thibault JF, Saulnier L, Axelos MA, Renard CM. Difficultés expérimentales de l'étude des macromolécules pectiques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01811789.1991.10827077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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62
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Structure and activities of a novel heteroxylan from Cassia obtusifolia seeds and its sulfated derivative. Carbohydr Res 2014; 393:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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63
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Prebiotic effects of structurally identified galacto-oligosaccharides produced by β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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64
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Wang D, Sun SQ, Wu WZ, Yang SL, Tan JM. Characterization of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Boletus edulis and its antitumor and immunomodulatory activities on renal cancer in mice. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 105:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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65
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Immunostimulatory effects of polysaccharides isolated from Makgeolli (traditional Korean rice wine). Molecules 2014; 19:5266-77. [PMID: 24762965 PMCID: PMC6270746 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19045266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Makgeolli is a traditional Korean rice wine, reported to have various biological functions. In this study, the immunostimulatory activity of a polysaccharide from makgeolli (PSM) was investigated. The polysaccharide fraction was isolated from makgeolli by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, dialysis, and lyophilization. The major constituents in PSM were neutral sugars (87.3%). PSM was composed of five different sugars, glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose. In normal mice, PSM treatment increased the spleen index (p < 0.05) as well as splenocyte proliferation (p < 0.05) in combination with concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide. The immunostimulatory activities of PSM were also examined in cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Mice treated with PSM exhibited increased splenocyte proliferation (p < 0.05), natural killer cell activity, and white blood cell counts (p < 0.01) compared with immunosuppressed mice. These results indicate that PSM can enhance immune function in normal mice and CY-induced immunosuppressed mice.
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66
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Purification and characterization of phosphonoglycans from Glycomyces sp. strain NRRL B-16210 and Stackebrandtia nassauensis NRRL B-16338. J Bacteriol 2014; 196:1768-79. [PMID: 24584498 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00036-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two related actinomycetes, Glycomyces sp. strain NRRL B-16210 and Stackebrandtia nassauensis NRRL B-16338, were identified as potential phosphonic acid producers by screening for the gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) mutase, which is required for the biosynthesis of most phosphonates. Using a variety of analytical techniques, both strains were subsequently shown to produce phosphonate-containing exopolysaccharides (EPS), also known as phosphonoglycans. The phosphonoglycans were purified by sequential organic solvent extractions, methanol precipitation, and ultrafiltration. The EPS from the Glycomyces strain has a mass of 40 to 50 kDa and is composed of galactose, xylose, and five distinct partially O-methylated galactose residues. Per-deutero-methylation analysis indicated that galactosyl residues in the polysaccharide backbone are 3,4-linked Gal, 2,4-linked 3-MeGal, 2,3-linked Gal, 3,6-linked 2-MeGal, and 4,6-linked 2,3-diMeGal. The EPS from the Stackebrandtia strain is comprised of glucose, galactose, xylose, and four partially O-methylated galactose residues. Isotopic labeling indicated that the O-methyl groups in the Stackebrandtia phosphonoglycan arise from S-adenosylmethionine. The phosphonate moiety in both phosphonoglycans was shown to be 2-hydroxyethylphosphonate (2-HEP) by (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry following strong acid hydrolysis of the purified molecules. Partial acid hydrolysis of the purified EPS from Glycomyces yielded 2-HEP in ester linkage to the O-5 or O-6 position of a hexose and a 2-HEP mono(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)ester. Partial acid hydrolysis of Stackebrandtia EPS also revealed the presence of 2-HEP mono(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)ester. Examination of the genome sequences of the two strains revealed similar pepM-containing gene clusters that are likely to be required for phosphonoglycan synthesis.
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67
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Prillinger H, Deml G, Dörfler C, Laaser G, Lockau W. Ein Beitrag zur Systematik und Entwicklungsbiologie höherer Pilze: Hefe-Typen der Basidiomyceten. Teil II:Microbotryum-Typ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1991.tb00188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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68
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DI HY, Zhang YY, Chen DF. Isolation of an anti-complementary polysaccharide from the root of Bupleurum chinense and identification of its targets in complement activation cascade. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 11:177-84. [PMID: 23787186 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To isolate and characterize the anti-complementary polysaccharide from the root of Bupleurum chinense. METHODS Bioactivity-guided fractionation and purification was used to obtain the anti-complementary polysaccharide from the hot-water extract of the root of Bupleurum chinense. The polysaccharide was characterized by various chemical and spectral analyses. The anti-complementary activities were evaluated by hemolytic assay in vitro. The action targets were identified in the system with individual complement-depleted sera. RESULTS A homogeneous polysaccharide BC-PS2 was isolated as an anti-complementary agent. It was identified as a branched polysaccharide with an average molecular weight about 2 000 KDa, composed of Glc, Ara, Gal, and Man in the ratio 3.5 : 2.4 : 2.0 : 1.0, respectively, along with a trace of Rha and Xyl, and only 1.11% of protein. The main linkages of the residues of BC-PS2 include terminal, 1, 6-linked, 1, 3-linked and 1, 3, 6-linked Glcp, terminal and 1, 5-linked Araf, terminal, 1, 4-linked, 1, 6-linked and 1, 4, 6-linked Galp, terminal, and, 1, 4-linked and 1, 4, 6-linked Manp. The bioassay experiments revealed that BC-PS2 inhibited complement activation on both the classical and alternative pathways, with CH50 and AP50 of (0.222 ± 0.013) and (0.356 ± 0.032) mg·mL(-1), respectively. Preliminary mechanism studies indicated that BC-PS2 interacted with C1q, C2, and C9 components. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that BC-PS2 is an anti-complementary polysaccharide, and should be important constituent of the root of Bupleurum chinense for its application in the treatment of diseases associated with the excessive activation of complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ye DI
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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69
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Kim H, Suh HJ, Kang CM, Lee KH, Hwang JH, Yu KW. Immunological Activity of Ginseng Is Enhanced by Solid-State Culture with Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium. J Med Food 2014; 17:150-60. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong-Min Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Stanislaus, California, USA
| | - Kyung-Haeng Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Yu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk, Korea
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70
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Isolation, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants and Mushrooms. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63281-4.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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71
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Han XQ, Li WJ, Ko CH, Gao XM, Han CX, Tu PF. Structure characterization and immunocompetence of a glucan from the fruiting bodies of Cantharellus cibarius. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2013; 15:1204-1209. [PMID: 23879746 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.810212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A protein-bound polysaccharide fraction (JBP-1) was obtained from the fruiting bodies of Cantharellus cibarius. Its chemical composition was studied by the cooperative usage of multiple chemical and spectral methods and characterized to be a fraction with a molecular weight of 4.8 × 10(5) Da and only composed of glucose. Methylation analysis revealed that the sugar residues in JBP-1 are existing as t-, 1,6-, and 1,3,6-linked Glcp sugar residues. The immunocompetence of the fraction was evaluated with the proliferation assay of mouse splenocytes, and the result revealed that JBP-1 could significantly stimulate the proliferation of mouse splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner, with p < 0.001 at the concentration of 100 μg/ml and 30 μg/ml, p < 0.05 at 10 μg/ml. These results give us a primary scientific evidence to further explore the pharmaceutical function of this mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Han
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 China
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72
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Song M, Huang L, Zhao G, Song Y. Beneficial effects of a polysaccharide from Salvia miltiorrhiza on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1631-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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73
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Cho CW, Rhee YK, Kim YC, Han CJ, Shin KS, Hong HD. Immunomodulatory Effects of Polysaccharides Derived from Persimmon Leaves on Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppressed Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2013.45.5.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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74
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Wang Y, Chen J, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Wen Y, Li L, Zheng L. Tumoricidal effects of a selenium (Se)-polysaccharide from Ziyang green tea on human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1186-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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75
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Zhang AQ, Liu Y, Xiao NN, Zhang Y, Sun PL. Structural investigation of a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis. Food Chem 2013; 146:334-8. [PMID: 24176351 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. Sugar composition of BEPF1 showed that it was composed of l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose in the ratio of 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00. Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-qiang Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
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76
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Miao S, Mao X, Pei R, Miao S, Xiang C, Lv Y, Yang X, Sun J, Jia S, Liu Y. Antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Lepista sordida against laryngocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 60:235-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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77
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Zhang L, Koyyalamudi SR, Jeong SC, Reddy N, Bailey T, Longvah T. Immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides isolated from Taxillus chinensis and Uncaria rhyncophylla. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1458-65. [PMID: 24053827 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Taxillus chinensis and Uncaria rhyncophylla are the herbs used in traditional Chinese anticancer formulations. During the past decade, research on plant polysaccharides has gained importance due to their therapeutic value and minimum side effects. In this study, hot water extraction method was employed to isolate polysaccharides from the stems of T. chinensis and stems with hooks of U. rhyncophylla. Size-exclusion chromatography was then used for further fractionation. Separated fractions from T. chinensis were designated as TCP-1, TCP-2 and TCP-3 and those from U. rhyncophylla were termed UC-1 and UC-2. Their sugar compositions were estimated using gas chromatography that revealed the presence fructose, glucose, xylose, arbinose, and rhamnose. Amino acid analysis of these fractions has indicated that they are protein-bound polysaccharides. The antioxidant activities were investigated using DPPH and yeast assays. The ability of these polysaccharide fractions to stimulate mouse macrophages was measured using Griess reagent and ELISA test. The results revealed that some of the isolated fractions (TCP-2, TCP-3, UC-1 and UC-2) displayed significant antioxidant activities and were also found to be effective immunomodulators in a concentration-dependent manner. Outcomes of this research strongly indicate that U. rhyncophylla and T. chinensis have therapeutic potential to be used for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia
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78
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Immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Cheonggukjang. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:476-84. [PMID: 23831309 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cheonggukjang is a Korean whole soybean paste fermented by Bacillus subtilis and regarded as a healthy food. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Cheonggukjang (PSCJ) in RAW 264.7 macrophages and an animal model. PSCJ induced mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by activating nuclear factor-κB, and subsequently increased the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α in murine recombinant interferon-γ-primed RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, after daily oral administration of PSCJ, immobility time decreased significantly in the PSCJ-administered group (200 or 400 mg/kg) on day 10. Taken together, these results suggest that the PSCJ has a possible role improving immune function through regulatory effects on immunological parameters, such as NO and TNF-α productions and changes in indicators related to fatigue.
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79
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Peyer’s patch-mediated intestinal immune system modulating activity of pectic-type polysaccharide from peel of Citrus unshiu. Food Chem 2013; 138:1079-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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80
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Niu Y, Yan W, Lv J, Yao W, Yu LL. Characterization of a novel polysaccharide from tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum makino. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4882-9. [PMID: 23627413 DOI: 10.1021/jf400236x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel heteropolysaccharide (GPP-TL) was isolated from tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Makino) leaf by hot water extraction and anion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography approaches. GPP-TL had a molecular weight of 9.3 × 10(3) Da and was primarily composed of glucose, galactose, and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 43:5:1, respectively. The chemical structure of GPP-TL was characterized using chemical and instrumental analyses. The results indicated the presence of (1→4)-α-d-glucopyranosyl, (1→4)-β-d-galactopyranosyl, (1→4,6)-linked-α-d-glucopyranosyl, and terminal 1→)-α-d-glucopyranosyl moieties in a molar ratio of 5.7:1:1.5:1, respectively. The results indicated that GPP-TL had glucose and galactose residues in the main chain with (1→6)-linked branches at glucose residues. In addition, GPP-TL exhibited scavenging capacities against hydroxyl, peroxyl, and DPPH radicals in vitro and had a stronger bile acid-binding ability than psyllium on a same-weight basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Niu
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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81
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Jiang S, Du P, An L, Yuan G, Sun Z. Anti-diabetic effect of Coptis Chinensis polysaccharide in high-fat diet with STZ-induced diabetic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 55:118-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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82
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Chen J, Yao D, Yuan H, Zhang S, Tian J, Guo W, Liang W, Li H, Zhang Y. Dipsacus asperoides polysaccharide induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells by modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 95:780-4. [PMID: 23648042 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An alkaline extractable and water-soluble polysaccharide (ADAPW), with an average molecular weight of 16kDa, was purified from the alkaline extraction of the roots of Dipsacus asperoides. Monosaccharide component analysis indicated that ADAPW was composed of glucose, rhamnose, arabinose and mannose in a molar ratio of 8.54:1.83:1.04:0.42. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ADAPW on the viability of human osteosarcoma cell line HOS cells, and explore the possible mechanisms. The results revealed that ADAPW inhibited the proliferation of HOS cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, treatment with ADAPW caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, Western blot analysis demonstrated that ADAPW down-regulated the protein expressions of PI3K and phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) in HOS cells. Taken together, induction of apoptosis on HOS cells by ADAPW was mainly associated with ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. So this finding suggests that ADAPW may be potentially effective in cancer prevention against human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Institute of Osteosarcoma, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
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83
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Yan W, Niu Y, Lv J, Xie Z, Jin L, Yao W, Gao X, Yu L(L. Characterization of a heteropolysaccharide isolated from diploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:2111-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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84
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KIM CK, PARK SK. Effect of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Extracts on Stress Response and Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.19.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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85
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Nam S, Rhee YK, Hong HD, Lee YC, Kim YC, Shin KS, Cho CW. Immuno-Modulatory Activity of the Crude Polysaccharide from Wild Ginseng Adventitious Root. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.9799/ksfan.2012.25.4.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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86
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Shin YA, Park HR, Hong HD, Shin KS. Immuno-stimulating Activities of Polysaccharide Fractions Isolated from Persimmon Leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.9799/ksfan.2012.25.4.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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87
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Park HR, Lee HS, Cho SY, Kim YS, Shin KS. Anti-metastatic effect of polysaccharide isolated from Colocasia esculenta is exerted through immunostimulation. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:361-8. [PMID: 23292184 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, an edible corm of the plant Colocasia esculenta, commonly known as Taro was extracted with cold water (4˚C). Finally, 10.44 g (1.04%) of the crude polysaccharide (Taro-0) was obtained from Taro. The purified active compound (Taro-4-I) was isolated using DEAE-Sepharose FF and Sephadex G-100. The anti-complementary activity of Taro-4-I (57.3±4.5%) was similar to that of polysaccharide K (used as the positive control). The molecular weight of Taro-4-I was 200 kDa and it was a polysaccharide composed of 64.4% neutral sugars and 35.6% uronic acid. Taro-4-I activated the complement system through the classical and alternative pathways. The treatment of peritoneal macrophages with Taro-4-I significantly increased the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in a dose-dependent manner. However, IL-12 production showed maximal activity at 56 µg/ml and subsequently decreased. Splenocytes obtained from mice which were administered Taro-4-I intravenously showed a higher toxicity to Yac-1 cells compared to those obtained from untreated mice in a effector‑to‑target (E/T) ratio-dependent manner. The group treated with 50 µg/ml Taro-4-I showed a significantly increased toxicity to Yac-1 cells compared to the group treated with 500 µg/ml Taro-4-I. The administration of Taro-4-I significantly inhibited the lung metastasis of B16BL6 melanoma cells. However, the group treated with 50 µg/mouse Taro-4-I had a significantly lower number of tumors compared to the group injected with 500 µg/mouse Taro-4-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ryung Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi 443-760, Republic of Korea
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88
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Pan D, Wang L, Chen C, Teng B, Wang C, Xu Z, Hu B, Zhou P. Structure characterization of a novel neutral polysaccharide isolated from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies. Food Chem 2012; 135:1097-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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89
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Templeton DW, Quinn M, Van Wychen S, Hyman D, Laurens LM. Separation and quantification of microalgal carbohydrates. J Chromatogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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90
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Li C, Cai J, Geng J, Li Y, Wang Z, Li R. Purification, characterization and anticancer activity of a polysaccharide from Panax ginseng. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:968-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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91
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Zhang L, Koyyalamudi SR, Jeong SC, Reddy N, Smith PT, Ananthan R, Longvah T. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from the roots of Sanguisorba officinalis. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:1057-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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92
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Cai Z, Li W, Wang H, Yan W, Zhou Y, Wang G, Cui J, Wang F. Anti-tumor and immunomodulating activities of a polysaccharide from the root of Sanguisorba officinalis L. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:484-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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93
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Anastyuk SD, Imbs TI, Shevchenko NM, Dmitrenok PS, Zvyagintseva TN. ESIMS analysis of fucoidan preparations from Costaria costata, extracted from alga at different life-stages. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:993-1002. [PMID: 22840031 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Four fucoidan fractions from brown alga Costaria costata, collected at different life-stages: vegetative, May (5F2 and 5F3) and generative, July (7F1 and 7F2) collections were characterized. It was found that seaweed synthesizes different set of fucoidans - one with high fucose content and substantial percentage of hexoses and uronic acid and lower sulfate content (7F1, 5F2 and 5F3) and other - highly sulfated galactofucan (7F2). Structural features of fractions 7F2 and 5F3 were predominantly determined by mass spectrometric analysis of low-molecular-weight (LMW) oligosaccharide fragments, obtained by autohydrolysis of 7F2 and mild acid hydrolysis of 5F3 fucoidans. It was found that oligosaccharides from 7F2 fractions were mainly built up of sulfated at C-2 and/or at C-2/C-4 (1→3)-linked α-l-fucopyranose residues. d-Galactose residues, sulfated either at C-2 or C-6, were found as parts of mixed di- and trisaccharides at both termini and, probably, internal. Fucose residues in 5F3 fucoidan fragments were sulfated at C-2 and sometimes at C-4. Galactose residues were sulfated at C-4 and less frequently at C-2. Resistant to hydrolysis fraction was probably a core, built up with fucose, mannose and glucuronic acid. Presumably, oligosaccharide fragments were branches at C-4 of GlcA. They were sulfated at C-2 and sometimes at C-4 (1→3)- and/or (1→4)-linked fucooligosaccharides (sometimes terminated with (1→3)-linked galactose) and sulfated at C-4 or C-2 (1→4)- or, probably, (1→6)-linked galactooligosaccharides, probably, with own branches, formed by (1→2)-linked galactose residues. Unsulfated xylose residues were probably terminal in chains built up of fucose. It was confirmed, that monosaccharide content and structure of fucoidans of vegetative algae changed following its life stage. Generative alga in general produced highly sulfated galactofucan having lower MW along with less sulfated mannoglucuronofucan with higher MW, which was extensively synthesized by vegetative algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav D Anastyuk
- GB Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp. 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
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94
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A polysaccharide from the fungi of Huaier exhibits anti-tumor potential and immunomodulatory effects. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 92:577-82. [PMID: 23218338 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A neutral water-soluble polysaccharide (W-NTRP), with a molecular weight of 2.5 × 10(4)Da, was isolated from the fruit bodies of Trametes robiniophila (Huaier). Gas chromatography (GC) results indicated that W-NTRP was determined to be galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara) and glucose (Glc), with a relative molar ratio of 4.2:2.5:0.7. Its antitumor and immunomodulatory activity were evaluated in vitro. W-NTRP showed remarkable inhibitory effect on three human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (QBC939, Sk-ChA-1 and MZ-ChA-1), with respective IC(50) values of 47.8, 75.9, and 43.7 μg/mL, but had no cytotoxicity to L-929 normal cells. Furthermore, W-NTRP had proliferation promoting effect on mouse splenocytes with or without concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a bell-shaped dose-response manner. In addition, W-NTRP could prominently stimulate macrophages to produce nitric oxide (NO) through the up-regulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity. These results suggest that W-NTRP could be explored as a potential antitumor agent for cholangiocarcinoma.
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95
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Xu J, Li Z, Cao M, Zhang H, Sun J, Zhao J, Zhou Q, Wu Z, Yang L. Synergetic effect of Andrographis paniculata polysaccharide on diabetic nephropathy with andrographolide. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:738-42. [PMID: 22766034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide (APP), with a molecular weight of 4.6×10(4) Da, was isolated from Andrographis paniculata and gas chromatography (GC) analysis showed APP was composed of galactose, mannose, fucose, arabinose and rhamnose with molar ratios of 15.4:2.5:4.3:1.5:1.6. The synergetic effect of APP in combination with andrographolide on renal complication in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice was investigated. Wistar rats were made diabetic by injection of STZ, and APP and/or andrographolide was administered to diabetic mice for continuous two weeks. APP plus andrographolide not only increased the body weight and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), but also decreased the levels of serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen, urinary albumin excretion (UAE), serum urea and blood glucose in diabetic rats, as well as the relative kidney weight. In summary, APP plus andrographolide can improve the metabolic abnormalities of diabetic mice and prevent or delay the progression of diabetic renal complications, which may be useful as a therapeutic agent for inhibiting the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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96
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Dai H, Han XQ, Gong FY, Dong H, Tu PF, Gao XM. Structure elucidation and immunological function analysis of a novel -glucan from the fruit bodies of Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fries. Glycobiology 2012; 22:1673-83. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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97
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Jeong SC, Koyyalamudi SR, Jeong YT, Song CH, Pang G. Macrophage immunomodulating and antitumor activities of polysaccharides isolated from Agaricus bisporus white button mushrooms. J Med Food 2012; 15:58-65. [PMID: 22217303 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus white button mushroom (WBM) is widely consumed in most countries for its culinary properties. Recently, its dietary intake has been shown to protect against breast cancer. Mushroom polysaccharides are known for their immunomodulating and antitumor properties; however, little is known regarding the properties of A. bisporus polysaccharides. Using size-exclusion chromatography to fractionate the crude extract of A. bisporus, two polysaccharide fractions (designated as ABP-1 and ABP-2) were obtained. The estimated molecular masses of ABP-1 and ABP-2 were 2,000 kDa and 40-70 kDa, respectively, and their sugar compositions consisted mainly of glucose, mannose, xylose, and fructose. Analysis of the effects of the polysaccharides on murine macrophages demonstrated that both fractions stimulated the production of nitric oxide, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Modulation of macrophage function by A. bisporus polysaccharides was mediated in part through activation of nuclear factor-κB with the production p50/105 heterodimers. Both ABP-1 and ABP-2 had the ability to inhibit the growth of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells but had little effect on the growth of human colon, prostate, gastric cancer, and murine Sarcoma 180 cells as assessed by a tetrazolium dye [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]-based assay. However, when murine Sarcoma 180 cells exposed to ABP-1 or ABP-2 were implanted subcutaneously into mice, a reduction in tumor growth was observed compared with that observed in control mice. Taken together, our data provide a molecular basis to explain in part the reported beneficial therapeutic effects of A. bisporus WBM intake and suggest that macrophages likely contribute to the antitumor effects of Agaricus polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Jeong
- School of Natural Sciences, College of Health and Science, University of Western Sydney, Penrith South DC, New South Wales, Australia
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98
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Bae SH, Choi JW, Ra KS, Yu KW, Shin KS, Park SS, Suh HJ. Anti-complementary activity of enzyme-treated traditional Korean rice wine (Makgeolli) hydrolysates. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:1765-1770. [PMID: 22173736 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Makgeolli brewed from rice contains about 150 g kg(-1) alcohol and has a fragrance as well as an acidic and sweet taste. During the brewing process, by-products such as rice bran and brewery cake are produced. At the end of fermentation the matured mash is transferred to a filter cloth and the Makgeolli is squeezed out from the cake, leaving the lees of the mash. These by-products have continued to increase every year, resulting in an ecological problem. It is therefore important to develop new uses for them. The objective of this study was to use the by-products from the brewing of Makgeolli as a valuable functional food or nutraceutical. RESULTS The anti-complementary activities of crude polysaccharides isolated from Cytolase hydrolysates of Makgeolli lees at concentrations of 1000 and 500 µg mL(-1) were 84.15 and 78.70% respectively. The activity of polysaccharide krestin (PSK) was 60.00% at 1000 µg mL(-1). The active polysaccharide obtained with Cytolase comprised mainly glucose and mannose (molar ratio 1.00:0.62). CONCLUSION Glucose- and mannose-rich crude polysaccharides were isolated from the Cytolase hydrolysate of Makgeolli lees. The polysaccharides retain anti-complementary activity to enhance the immune system as a functional food or nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hwan Bae
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Hankyong National University Anseong, Anseong 456-749, South Korea
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99
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Liu J, Sun Y, Liu L, Yu C. A water-soluble polysaccharide (EFP-AW1) from the alkaline extract of the roots of a traditional Chinese medicine, Euphorbia fischeriana: Fraction and characterization. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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100
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Park HR, Lee MS, Jo SY, Won HJ, Lee HS, Lee H, Shin KS. Immuno-stimulating Activities of Polysaccharides Isolated from Commercial Soy Sauce and Traditional Korean Soy Sauce. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2012.44.2.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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