51
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Adachi S, Nobusawa T, Umeda M. Quantitative and cell type-specific transcriptional regulation of A-type cyclin-dependent kinase in Arabidopsis thaliana. Dev Biol 2009; 329:306-14. [PMID: 19285489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Adachi
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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Brooks L, Strable J, Zhang X, Ohtsu K, Zhou R, Sarkar A, Hargreaves S, Elshire RJ, Eudy D, Pawlowska T, Ware D, Janick-Buckner D, Buckner B, Timmermans MCP, Schnable PS, Nettleton D, Scanlon MJ. Microdissection of shoot meristem functional domains. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000476. [PMID: 19424435 PMCID: PMC2673047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintains a pool of indeterminate cells within the SAM proper, while lateral organs are initiated from the SAM periphery. Laser microdissection-microarray technology was used to compare transcriptional profiles within these SAM domains to identify novel maize genes that function during leaf development. Nine hundred and sixty-two differentially expressed maize genes were detected; control genes known to be upregulated in the initiating leaf (P0/P1) or in the SAM proper verified the precision of the microdissections. Genes involved in cell division/growth, cell wall biosynthesis, chromatin remodeling, RNA binding, and translation are especially upregulated in initiating leaves, whereas genes functioning during protein fate and DNA repair are more abundant in the SAM proper. In situ hybridization analyses confirmed the expression patterns of six previously uncharacterized maize genes upregulated in the P0/P1. P0/P1-upregulated genes that were also shown to be downregulated in leaf-arrested shoots treated with an auxin transport inhibitor are especially implicated to function during early events in maize leaf initiation. Reverse genetic analyses of asceapen1 (asc1), a maize D4-cyclin gene upregulated in the P0/P1, revealed novel leaf phenotypes, less genetic redundancy, and expanded D4-CYCLIN function during maize shoot development as compared to Arabidopsis. These analyses generated a unique SAM domain-specific database that provides new insight into SAM function and a useful platform for reverse genetic analyses of shoot development in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Brooks
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Josh Strable
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Plant Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kazuhiro Ohtsu
- Center for Plant Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ruilian Zhou
- Center for Plant Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ananda Sarkar
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah Hargreaves
- Center for Plant Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Elshire
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Douglas Eudy
- Division of Science, Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Teresa Pawlowska
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Doreen Ware
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
- Agriculture Research Service Department, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Diane Janick-Buckner
- Division of Science, Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Brent Buckner
- Division of Science, Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Patrick S. Schnable
- Center for Plant Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Dan Nettleton
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Scanlon
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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53
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Nadeau JA. Stomatal development: new signals and fate determinants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 12:29-35. [PMID: 19042149 PMCID: PMC2645895 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomata and pavement cells are produced by a series of asymmetric divisions and progressive fate transitions within a stem cell lineage. In Arabidopsis, this process is regulated so that new lineages can be inserted between previously differentiated cells while maintaining stomatal spacing. The small peptide EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 1 may be a positional signal secreted by stomatal precursors to modulate behavior of nearby cells. Signal-receiving cells may use TOO MANY MOUTHS and ERECTA family receptors and a MAPK pathway to regulate initiation of new lineages, promote asymmetric division, and control the plane of spacing divisions. Cell fate transitions are controlled by basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (bHLH), MYB, and MADS-box transcription factors, and there is evidence of miRNA regulation. These results provide insight into positive and negative influences on stomatal cell transitions and suggest points of potential environmental regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette A Nadeau
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2368, USA.
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54
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Bhave NS, Veley KM, Nadeau JA, Lucas JR, Bhave SL, Sack FD. TOO MANY MOUTHS promotes cell fate progression in stomatal development of Arabidopsis stems. PLANTA 2009. [PMID: 18979118 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0835-839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM), which encodes a receptor-like protein, cause stomatal patterning defects in Arabidopsis leaves but eliminate stomatal formation in stems. Stomatal development in wild-type and tmm stems was analyzed to define TMM function. Epidermal cells in young tmm stems underwent many asymmetric divisions characteristic of entry into the stomatal pathway. The resulting precursor cells, meristemoids, appropriately expressed cell fate markers such as pTMM:GFP. However, instead of progressing developmentally by forming a guard mother cell, the meristemoids arrested, dedifferentiated, and enlarged. Thus asymmetric divisions are necessary but not sufficient for stomatal formation in stems, and TMM promotes the fate and developmental progression of early precursor cells. Comparable developmental and mature stomatal phenotypes were also found in tmm hypocotyls and in the proximal flower stalk. TMM is also a positive regulator of meristemoid division in leaves suggesting that TMM generally promotes meristemoid activity. Our results are consistent with a model in which TMM interacts with other proteins to modulate precursor cell fate and progression in an organ and domain-specific manner. Finally, the consistent presence of a small number of dedifferentiated meristemoids in mature wild-type stems suggests that precursor cell arrest is a normal feature of Arabidopsis stem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neela S Bhave
- Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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55
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Bhave NS, Veley KM, Nadeau JA, Lucas JR, Bhave SL, Sack FD. TOO MANY MOUTHS promotes cell fate progression in stomatal development of Arabidopsis stems. PLANTA 2009; 229:357-67. [PMID: 18979118 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0835-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM), which encodes a receptor-like protein, cause stomatal patterning defects in Arabidopsis leaves but eliminate stomatal formation in stems. Stomatal development in wild-type and tmm stems was analyzed to define TMM function. Epidermal cells in young tmm stems underwent many asymmetric divisions characteristic of entry into the stomatal pathway. The resulting precursor cells, meristemoids, appropriately expressed cell fate markers such as pTMM:GFP. However, instead of progressing developmentally by forming a guard mother cell, the meristemoids arrested, dedifferentiated, and enlarged. Thus asymmetric divisions are necessary but not sufficient for stomatal formation in stems, and TMM promotes the fate and developmental progression of early precursor cells. Comparable developmental and mature stomatal phenotypes were also found in tmm hypocotyls and in the proximal flower stalk. TMM is also a positive regulator of meristemoid division in leaves suggesting that TMM generally promotes meristemoid activity. Our results are consistent with a model in which TMM interacts with other proteins to modulate precursor cell fate and progression in an organ and domain-specific manner. Finally, the consistent presence of a small number of dedifferentiated meristemoids in mature wild-type stems suggests that precursor cell arrest is a normal feature of Arabidopsis stem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neela S Bhave
- Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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56
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Serna L. CAPRICE positively regulates stomatal formation in the Arabidopsis hypocotyl. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2008; 3:1077-82. [PMID: 19513241 PMCID: PMC2634462 DOI: 10.4161/psb.3.12.6254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the Arabidopsis hypocotyl, stomata develop only from a set of epidermal cell files. Previous studies have identified several negative regulators of stomata formation. Such regulators also trigger non-hair cell fate in the root. Here, it is shown that TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM) positively regulates CAPRICE (CPC) expression in differentiating stomaless-forming cell files, and that the CPC protein might move to the nucleus of neighbouring stoma-forming cells, where it promotes stomata formation in a redundant manner with TRIPTYCHON (TRY). Unexpectedly, the CPC protein was also localized in the nucleus and peripheral cytoplasm of hypocotyl fully differentiated epidermal cells, suggesting that CPC plays an additional role to those related to stomata formation. These results identify CPC and TRY as positive regulators of stomata formation in the embryonic stem, which increases the similarity between the genetic control of root hair and stoma cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serna
- Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Toledo Spain
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57
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Ascencio-Ibáñez JT, Sozzani R, Lee TJ, Chu TM, Wolfinger RD, Cella R, Hanley-Bowdoin L. Global analysis of Arabidopsis gene expression uncovers a complex array of changes impacting pathogen response and cell cycle during geminivirus infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 148:436-54. [PMID: 18650403 PMCID: PMC2528102 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.121038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Geminiviruses are small DNA viruses that use plant replication machinery to amplify their genomes. Microarray analysis of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transcriptome in response to cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV) infection uncovered 5,365 genes (false discovery rate <0.005) differentially expressed in infected rosette leaves at 12 d postinoculation. Data mining revealed that CaLCuV triggers a pathogen response via the salicylic acid pathway and induces expression of genes involved in programmed cell death, genotoxic stress, and DNA repair. CaLCuV also altered expression of cell cycle-associated genes, preferentially activating genes expressed during S and G2 and inhibiting genes active in G1 and M. A limited set of core cell cycle genes associated with cell cycle reentry, late G1, S, and early G2 had increased RNA levels, while core cell cycle genes linked to early G1 and late G2 had reduced transcripts. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting of nuclei from infected leaves revealed a depletion of the 4C population and an increase in 8C, 16C, and 32C nuclei. Infectivity studies of transgenic Arabidopsis showed that overexpression of CYCD3;1 or E2FB, both of which promote the mitotic cell cycle, strongly impaired CaLCuV infection. In contrast, overexpression of E2FA or E2FC, which can facilitate the endocycle, had no apparent effect. These results showed that geminiviruses and RNA viruses interface with the host pathogen response via a common mechanism, and that geminiviruses modulate plant cell cycle status by differentially impacting the CYCD/retinoblastoma-related protein/E2F regulatory network and facilitating progression into the endocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Trinidad Ascencio-Ibáñez
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
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58
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Pillitteri LJ, Bogenschutz NL, Torii KU. The bHLH Protein, MUTE, Controls Differentiation of Stomata and the Hydathode Pore in Arabidopsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 49:934-43. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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59
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Abstract
Stomata play a pivotal role in the regulation of gas exchange in flowering plants and are distributed throughout the aerial epidermis. In leaves, the pattern of stomatal distribution is highly variable between species but is regulated by a mechanism that maintains a minimum of one cell spacing between stomata. In Arabidopsis, a number of the genetic components of this mechanism have been identified and include, SDD1, EPF1 and the putative receptors TMM and the ERECTA-gene family. A mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling cascade is believed to act downstream of these putative receptors while a number of transcription factors including SPCH, MUTE and FAMA have been identified that control consecutive steps of stomatal development. The environment also has significant effects on stomatal development. In a number of species both light intensity and CO(2) concentrations have been shown to influence the frequency at which stomata develop on leaves. Long-distance signalling mechanisms have been implicated in these environmental responses with the conditions sensed by mature leaves determining the stomatal frequency in developing leaves. Thus, changes in the environment appear to act by modulating the developmental and patterning pathways to determine stomatal frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Casson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
| | - Julie E Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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