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Serio A, Chaves-López C, Sacchetti G, Rossi C, Paparella A. Chitosan Coating Inhibits the Growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Extends the Shelf Life of Vacuum-Packed Pork Loins at 4 °C. Foods 2018; 7:E155. [PMID: 30257415 PMCID: PMC6210955 DOI: 10.3390/foods7100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan coating is a promising method for food preservation. This study aims to fill the data gap regarding the application of chitosan (1% and 2%) on vacuum-packed fresh pork stored at 4 °C for 28 days, with particular attention on the effect on Listeria monocytogenes, inoculated as a cocktail of three strains. Chitosan at both concentrations was able to significantly reduce L. monocytogenes counts by more than 1.5 Log CFU/g with respect to control; moreover, it inhibited the growth of mesophilic bacteria and was particularly effective on lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. The beneficial effects on shelf life were demonstrated by both panel test and pH evolution. In fact, panellists did not detect any sensory difference between samples treated with 1% chitosan and control up to 14 days of storage, while after 28 days, a pungent flesh odour was perceived in control samples only. Interestingly, at aw values of fresh meat (0.984), the chitosan coating exhibited a liquid behaviour, with a dynamic viscosity of 229.4 ± 4.2 mPa/s. Chitosan coating applied on vacuum-packed pork loins contained L. monocytogenes growth and improved the microbiological characteristics of the product, with a beneficial effect on product shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Serio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via R. Balzarini 1, Teramo TE 64100, Italy.
| | - Clemencia Chaves-López
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via R. Balzarini 1, Teramo TE 64100, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Sacchetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via R. Balzarini 1, Teramo TE 64100, Italy.
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via R. Balzarini 1, Teramo TE 64100, Italy.
| | - Antonello Paparella
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via R. Balzarini 1, Teramo TE 64100, Italy.
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Magossi G, Cernicchiaro N, Dritz S, Houser T, Woodworth J, Jones C, Trinetta V. Evaluation of Salmonella presence in selected United States feed mills. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00711. [PMID: 30156384 PMCID: PMC6528605 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a pathogen of public health concern. Each year, Salmonella infections cost to the food industry approximately $2.3 billion and 33% of the reported cases are associated with beef, poultry, or pork. Pathogen presence in feed mills can represent one of the many potential routes for entry and transmission into the food production chain. Nevertheless, little is known about Salmonella incidence and association with these types of environments. The objective of this study was to investigate Salmonella presence in different feed mills across the United States. Eleven facilities were selected in eight states and 12 sites were sampled within each feed mill. Samples were analyzed following the FSIS guidelines for isolation and identification of Salmonella. Positive isolates were further investigated by a PCR analysis targeting the invA gene to differentiate for Salmonella enterica. The total number of environmental samples collected was 237: 66% resulted culture positive and 13.1% were PCR positive. All sampled feed mills had at least one culture positive site and following production flow the number of positive samples decreased from ingredient receiving to final product. These preliminary results demonstrate the presence of Salmonella in selected United States feed mills and suggest their potential role as vehicle for pathogen transmission and spread into the food production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Magossi
- Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Natalia Cernicchiaro
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Steve Dritz
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Terry Houser
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Jason Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Cassandra Jones
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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Beier RC, Harvey RB, Hernandez CA, Hume ME, Andrews K, Droleskey RE, Davidson MK, Bodeis-Jones S, Young S, Duke SE, Anderson RC, Crippen TL, Poole TL, Nisbet DJ. Interactions of organic acids with Campylobacter coli from swine. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202100. [PMID: 30096155 PMCID: PMC6086449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter coli is a bacterial species that is a major cause of diarrheal disease worldwide, and Campylobacter spp. are among the top 5 foodborne pathogens in the United States. During food production organic acids (OAs) are often used to remove bacteria from animal carcasses. The interactions of six OAs with 111 C. coli strains obtained from swine and retail pork chops were studied by determining the molar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICMs) of the C. coli strains, and the pH at the MICMs. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation was used to calculate the concentrations of the undissociated and dissociated OAs at the MICMs of the C. coli strains. The results for the 111 different C. coli strains obtained from different locations were treated as a single group for each OA since many of the C. coli strains behaved similarly to each different OA. Inhibition of C. coli was not dependent on pH or on the undissociated OA species, but C. coli inhibition correlated with the dissociated OA species. Therefore, if the concentration of the dissociated OAs decreases from optimum, one may then expect that C. coli bacteria would escape disinfection. The concentration of the dissociated OA should be carefully controlled in a carcass wash. We suggest maintaining a concentration of the dissociated acetic, butyric, citric, formic, lactic and propionic acids at 29, 23, 11, 35, 22 and 25 mM, respectively, when using a carcass wash with these OAs to remove C. coli bacteria. However, due to C. coli utilization of acetate, formate, lactate and propionate, these four OAs may not be the best choice to use for a carcass wash to remove C. coli contamination. Of the six OAs, citric acid was the most efficient at inhibiting C. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross C. Beier
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roger B. Harvey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Charles A. Hernandez
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Hume
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Andrews
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Droleskey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maureen K. Davidson
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sonia Bodeis-Jones
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shenia Young
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sara E. Duke
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robin C. Anderson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tawni L. Crippen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Toni L. Poole
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - David J. Nisbet
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Han D, Hung YC, Wang L. Evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water on pork products and the formation of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) pathogens. Food Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Park YM, Lim SY, Jeong SW, Song Y, Bae NH, Hong SB, Choi BG, Lee SJ, Lee KG. Flexible nanopillar-based electrochemical sensors for genetic detection of foodborne pathogens. NANO CONVERGENCE 2018; 5:15. [PMID: 29904621 PMCID: PMC5988775 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-018-0147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and highly ordered nanopillar arrayed electrodes have brought great interest for many electrochemical applications, especially to the biosensors, because of its unique mechanical and topological properties. Herein, we report an advanced method to fabricate highly ordered nanopillar electrodes produced by soft-/photo-lithography and metal evaporation. The highly ordered nanopillar array exhibited the superior electrochemical and mechanical properties in regard with the wide space to response with electrolytes, enabling the sensitive analysis. As-prepared gold and silver electrodes on nanopillar arrays exhibit great and stable electrochemical performance to detect the amplified gene from foodborne pathogen of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Additionally, lightweight, flexible, and USB-connectable nanopillar-based electrochemical sensor platform improves the connectivity, portability, and sensitivity. Moreover, we successfully confirm the performance of genetic analysis using real food, specially designed intercalator, and amplified gene from foodborne pathogens with high reproducibility (6% standard deviation) and sensitivity (10 × 1.01 CFU) within 25 s based on the square wave voltammetry principle. This study confirmed excellent mechanical and chemical characteristics of nanopillar electrodes have a great and considerable electrochemical activity to apply as genetic biosensor platform in the fields of point-of-care testing (POCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Min Park
- Nano-bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Lim
- Nano-bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Woo Jeong
- Nano-bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Younseong Song
- Nano-bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Ho Bae
- Nano-bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, 34158 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Bok Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, 25913 Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Gill Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, 25913 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jae Lee
- Nano-bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung G. Lee
- Nano-bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
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56
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The impact of frozen storage duration on physical, chemical and microbiological properties of pork. Meat Sci 2018; 140:119-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Waititu SM, Yin F, Patterson R, Yitbarek A, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Nyachoti CM. Dietary supplementation with a nucleotide-rich yeast extract modulates gut immune response and microflora in weaned pigs in response to a sanitary challenge. Animal 2017; 11:2156-2164. [PMID: 28631587 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117001276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the short-term effect of supplementing a nucleotide-rich yeast extract (NRYE) on growth performance, gut structure, immunity and microflora of piglets raised under sanitary and unsanitary conditions. A total of 84, 21-day old piglets were used in this study; 42 piglets were raised in a room designated as the clean room that was washed once per week, whereas the other 42 piglets were raised in a room designated as the unclean room in which 7 kg of manure from the sow herd was spread on each pen floor on day 1 and 7 and the room was not washed throughout the experiment. The pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet without or with 0.1% NRYE. Each treatment had 7 replicate pens in each room, and each pen housed 3 pigs. Feed disappearance and BW were recorded on day 1 and 14. On day 14, one pig per pen was euthanized to collect ileum, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen tissues, and cecum and colon digesta. Overall, NRYE supplementation did not affect growth performance in both clean and unclean conditions, improved kidney weight in both clean (P=0.0002) and unclean room (P<0.0001) and tended to improve the villus height/crypt depth ratio in the clean room (P=0.073). Supplementing NRYE was associated with upregulation of Ileal programmed cell death gene-1 (P=0.0003), interleukin (IL)-1β (P<0.0001), IL-6 (P=0.0003), IL-10 (P<0.0001) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P<0.0001) in pigs raised in the unclean room. Supplementing the NRYE in pigs raised in the clean room suppressed growth of cecal Enterobacteriacea (P<0.0001) members and colonic Enterococcus spp. (P<0.019), improved proliferation of cecal Lactobacillus spp. (P<0.002) and colonic Clostridium cluster IV (P<0.011) and XVIa members (P<0.0002). Supplementing the NRYE in the unclean room improved proliferation of cecal Clostridium cluster IV (P<0.026) and suppressed proliferation of colonic Enterococcus spp. (P<0.037). In conclusion, supplementing the NRYE to piglets under unsanitary conditions improved ileal immune response by upregulating inflammatory cytokines, and positively modulated proliferation of beneficial gut bacteria and suppression of harmful ones in both clean and unclean rooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Waititu
- 1Department of Animal Science,University of Manitoba,Winnipeg,MB,Canada,R3T 2N2
| | - F Yin
- 1Department of Animal Science,University of Manitoba,Winnipeg,MB,Canada,R3T 2N2
| | - R Patterson
- 2Canadian Bio-Systems Inc.,Calgary,AB,Canada,T2C 0J7
| | - A Yitbarek
- 1Department of Animal Science,University of Manitoba,Winnipeg,MB,Canada,R3T 2N2
| | - J C Rodriguez-Lecompte
- 3Department of Pathology and Microbiology,Atlantic Veterinary College,University of Prince Edward Island,Charlottetown,Prince Edward Island,Canada,C1A 4P3
| | - C M Nyachoti
- 1Department of Animal Science,University of Manitoba,Winnipeg,MB,Canada,R3T 2N2
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58
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Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk, milking equipment and dairy workers: Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance patterns. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 10:264-270. [PMID: 28739228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic relatedness and patterns of antimicrobial resistance amongst L. monocytogenes isolated from raw milk, milking equipment, and hand swabs from workers in dairy farms. METHODS A total of 300 samples of raw milk, milking equipment, and hand swabs were collected from four dairy farms to examine the presence of Listeria species. Suspected isolates were further identified by VITEK-2 system and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility of the L. monocytogenes isolates was determined, and genotyping analysis was performed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). RESULTS Listeria spp. was isolated from 79 (26.3%) of the 300 samples, including 29 (36.7%), 32 (40.5%), and 18 (22.8%) isolates found in raw milk, milking equipment, and hand swabs, respectively. L. monocytogenes was the most common isolated (87.3%) species, while the remaining Listeria isolates were L. innocua (12.7%). Among the 69 L. monocytogenes isolates, 42 (60.8%) showed the mutual presence of hlyA, prfA, inlA, and inlB virulence-associated genes. L. monocytogenes isolates from raw milk, milking equipment, and hand swabs showed high genetic relatedness. The potentially virulent L. monocytogenes isolates were most frequently resistance to tetracycline and clindamycin (81%, each) followed by rifampicin (71.4%), whereas, antimicrobial susceptibility was most frequently observed for ampicillin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, linezolid, and tigecycline (100%, each). Furthermore, 88% of L. monocytogenes isolates showed multidrug-resistance. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study show that the contamination of dairy farms with L. monocytogenes is relatively high, and highlight the emergence of multi-drug resistant L. monocytogenes in dairy farms. However, ampicillin is a good choice for treatment of listeriosis in the study area.
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Castellano P, Pérez Ibarreche M, Blanco Massani M, Fontana C, Vignolo GM. Strategies for Pathogen Biocontrol Using Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Metabolites: A Focus on Meat Ecosystems and Industrial Environments. Microorganisms 2017; 5:E38. [PMID: 28696370 PMCID: PMC5620629 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The globalization of trade and lifestyle ensure that the factors responsible for the emergence of diseases are more present than ever. Despite biotechnology advancements, meat-based foods are still under scrutiny because of the presence of pathogens, which causes a loss of consumer confidence and consequently a fall in demand. In this context, Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) as GRAS organisms offer an alternative for developing pathogen-free foods, particularly avoiding Listeria monocytogenes, with minimal processing and fewer additives while maintaining the foods' sensorial characteristics. The use of LAB strains, enabling us to produce antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) in addition to lactic acid, with an impact on quality and safety during fermentation, processing, and/or storage of meat and ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products, constitutes a promising tool. A number of bacteriocin-based strategies including the use of bioprotective cultures, purified and/or semi-purified bacteriocins as well as their inclusion in varied packaging materials under different storage conditions, have been investigated. The application of bacteriocins as part of hurdle technology using non-thermal technologies was explored for the preservation of RTE meat products. Likewise, considering that food contamination with L. monocytogenes is a consequence of the post-processing manipulation of RTE foods, the role of bacteriocinogenic LAB in the control of biofilms formed on industrial surfaces is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castellano
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Chacabuco 145, Tucumán T4000ILC, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Pérez Ibarreche
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Chacabuco 145, Tucumán T4000ILC, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Blanco Massani
- INTI-Plásticos, Gral Paz 5445 e/Constituyentes y Albarelos, B1650KNA Gral, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cecilia Fontana
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA-EEA, Ruta Provincial 301 Km 32, Famaillá 4132, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Graciela M Vignolo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Chacabuco 145, Tucumán T4000ILC, Argentina.
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60
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Valeriano VDV, Balolong MP, Kang DK. Probiotic roles of Lactobacillus sp. in swine: insights from gut microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:554-567. [PMID: 27914202 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of lactobacilli as probiotics in swine has been gaining attention due to their ability to improve growth performance and carcass quality, prevent gastrointestinal infection and most importantly, their 'generally recognized as safe' status. Previous studies support the potential of lactobacilli to regulate host immune systems, enhance gut metabolic capacities and maintain balance in the gut microbiota. Research on swine gut microbiota has revealed complex gut microbial community structure and showed the importance of Lactobacillus to the host's health. However, the species- and strain-specific characteristics of lactobacilli that confer probiotic benefits are still not well understood. The diversity of probiotic traits in a complex gut ecosystem makes it challenging to infer the relationships between specific functions of Lactobacillus sp. and host health. In this review, we provide an overview of how lactobacilli play a pivotal role in the swine gut ecosystem and identify key characteristics that influence gut microbial community structure and the health of pigs. In addition, based on recent and ongoing meta-omics and omics research on the gut microbiota of pigs, we suggest a workflow combining culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches for more effective selection of probiotic lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D V Valeriano
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - M P Balolong
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.,Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - D-K Kang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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61
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Young I, Wilhelm BJ, Cahill S, Nakagawa R, Desmarchelier P, Rajić A. A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Slaughter and Processing Interventions to Control Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Beef and Pork. J Food Prot 2016; 79:2196-2210. [PMID: 28104927 PMCID: PMC5238939 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pork is one of the major food sources of human salmonellosis worldwide, while beef products have been implicated in numerous foodborne outbreaks. As a result, effective interventions to reduce Salmonella contamination during beef and pork processing are of interest to both regulators and industry. We conducted a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of literature investigating the efficacy of slaughter and processing interventions to control Salmonella in beef and pork. Review steps included: a comprehensive search strategy; relevance screening of abstracts; relevance confirmation of articles; data extraction; risk-of-bias assessment; meta-analysis (where appropriate); and a weight-of-evidence assessment. A total of 191 relevant experimental studies were identified. Two controlled trials indicated that hot water and steam treatments are effective at reducing the prevalence of Salmonella on beef carcasses (relative risk [RR] = 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 0.58), while four trials found that pre-chill organic acid washes are effective at reducing Salmonella on pork carcasses (RR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.78), with high confidence in the estimates of effect. Four quasi-experimental studies found that post-exsanguination chemical washes were effective to reduce the prevalence of Salmonella on cattle hides, with low confidence in the specific estimate of effect; moderate confidence was found for the effect estimates of scalding (RR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.29) and singeing (RR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.52) of pork carcasses. The overall evidence supported enhanced reductions of Salmonella through a multiple-hurdle approach. In conclusion, various slaughter and processing interventions can contribute to reducing Salmonella on beef and pork carcasses, depending on the context of application; an appropriate combination should be selected, validated, and verified by establishment operators within their local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Young
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, POD 249, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Barbara J Wilhelm
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Sarah Cahill
- Food Safety and Quality Unit, Office of Food Safety, Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy
| | - Rei Nakagawa
- Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrijana Rajić
- Food Safety and Quality Unit, Office of Food Safety, Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy
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62
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Sanchez-Maldonado AF, Aslam M, Service C, Narváez-Bravo C, Avery BP, Johnson R, Jones TH. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from two pork processing plants in Alberta, Canada. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 241:49-59. [PMID: 27750110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the frequency of Salmonella serovars on pig carcasses at various processing steps in two commercial pork processing plants in Alberta, Canada and characterized phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and PFGE patterns of the Salmonella isolates. Over a one year period, 1000 swab samples were collected from randomly selected pigs at two slaughter plants. Sampling points were: carcass swabs after bleeding (CSAB), carcass swabs after de-hairing (CSAD, plant A) or skinning (CSASk, plant B), carcass swabs after evisceration (CSAE), carcass swabs after pasteurization (CSAP, plant A) or washing (CSAW, plants B) and retail pork (RP). For plant A, 87% of CSAB and 8% of CSAE were positive for Salmonella while at plant B, Salmonella was recovered from 94% of CSAB and 10% of CSAE. Salmonella was not recovered from the RP samples at either plant, indicating that the plants used effective control measures. Salmonella enterica serovar Derby was the most common serotype (23%, 29/127) recovered in plant A and plant B (61%, 76/124). For plant A, 35% (45/127) of isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Five isolates (3.9%), 4 serovar Ohio strains and one serovar I:Rough-O:I,v:-, strain were simultaneously resistant to antimicrobials of very high (Category I), high (Category II), and medium (Category III) importance to human medicine. The 4 S. Ohio isolates were recovered from 3 different steps of pork processing on the same sampling day and displayed resistance to 5-7 antimicrobials, with all of them displaying resistance to ceftiofur and ceftriaxone (Category I). An I:Rough-O:l,v:- isolate, recovered on a different sampling day, was resistant to 7 antimicrobials that included resistance to ampicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftiofur and ceftriaxone (Category I). Salmonella strains isolated from plant A harbored 12 different AMR genes. The most prevalent genes were sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), aadA, strA/strB, aac(3)IV and aphA1. For Salmonella isolates from plant B, 7 resistance genes were identified alone or in combination where tet(B) was found in 77 (62.3%) of the isolates. For plant A, 19 different PFGE subtypes of Salmonella isolates that displayed phenotypic and/or genotypic resistance were observed while 13 different PFGE subtypes were observed for plant B. The lack of detection of Salmonella on the surfaces of RP suggests that current pork processing practices can dramatically reduce Salmonella. Salmonella isolates from pig carcasses at various steps displayed multidrug resistance, including to those of very high importance in human medicine, which represent a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mueen Aslam
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Cara Service
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Claudia Narváez-Bravo
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Brent P Avery
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2, Canada
| | - Roger Johnson
- National Microbiology Laboratory @ Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 3W4, Canada
| | - Tineke H Jones
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada.
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63
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Sala C, Morar A, Tîrziu E, Nichita I, Imre M, Imre K. Environmental Occurrence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Listeria monocytogenes at a Slaughterhouse Raw Processing Plant in Romania. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1794-1797. [PMID: 28221837 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This survey was conducted to investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes isolates in the environment of a pig slaughterhouse raw processing plant complex in western Romania. A total of 97 environmental samples from food contact (n = 60) and nonfood contact (n = 37) surfaces were examined with standard methods. The susceptibility of the isolates to 17 antimicrobial agents was determined with the VITEK 2 automated system. Overall, 25 (25.8%) samples were positive for L. monocytogenes , with recovery rates of 23.3% (n = 14) and 29.7% (n = 11) for food contact and nonfood contact surfaces, respectively. All 25 tested isolates were resistant to benzylpenicillin, imipenem, and fusidic acid. Resistance was observed to oxacillin (23 isolates; 92%), fosfomycin (23 isolates; 92%), clindamycin (22 isolates; 88%), rifampin (14 isolates; 56%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (12 isolates; 48%), tetracycline (11 isolates; 44%), and ciprofloxacin (1 isolate; 4%). No resistance was found to seven tested agents: gentamicin, moxifloxacin, erythromycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, vancomycin, and tigecycline. All tested L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to four to nine antimicrobial agents. These results indicate a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes isolates in this pork-processing environment, providing baseline information for hygienists and public health specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sala
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Timişoara, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Adriana Morar
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Timişoara, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Emil Tîrziu
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Timişoara, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Ileana Nichita
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Timişoara, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Imre
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Timişoara, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Kálmán Imre
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Timişoara, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
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64
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Paparella A, Mazzarrino G, Chaves-López C, Rossi C, Sacchetti G, Guerrieri O, Serio A. Chitosan boosts the antimicrobial activity of Origanum vulgare essential oil in modified atmosphere packaged pork. Food Microbiol 2016; 59:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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65
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Koo OK, Baker CA, Kim HJ, Park SH, Ricke SC. Metagenomic assessment of the microbial diversity in ground pork products from markets in the North Central Region of South Korea. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2016; 51:622-627. [PMID: 27192496 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1181910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbial community in ground pork using molecular approaches. Forty six ground pork products were purchased from local stores in the north central area of South Korea. Aerobic plate counts varied 4.23 ± 5.14 × 10(5) CFU/g with the range between 5.00 × 10(3) and 1.85 × 10(6) CFU/g for ground pork samples. Four ground meat samples were further processed for metagenomic analysis. Pseudomonas species was the most relative abundant with a wide range occurring (1.72 to 77.7%) as part of the microbial genera in ground pork. Bacteria such as Carnobacterium, Yersinia, Photobacterium were also identified in ground pork. Despite the prominence of certain genera across all samples there was still extensive microbial diversity among ground pork products that originated from different slaughter houses and were processed in different markets. Such diversity indicates that designing interventions to extend shelf life may be hampered by the extensive variability in the microbial consortia associated with pork products. However, this diversity may be useful for developing microbial traceability signatures unique to a slaughter house or a particular market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Kyung Koo
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
- b Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher A Baker
- c Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- d Food Safety Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute , Seongnam-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- c Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- c Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
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66
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Bermúdez PM, Pulecio SL, Suárez MC. Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de aislamientos de Salmonella enterica provenientes de pisos, equipos, utensilios y producto terminado en el beneficio porcino en Colombia. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y DE ZOOTECNIA 2016. [DOI: 10.15446/rfmvz.v63n1.56903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>La diseminación de aislamientos de Salmonella spp resistentes a antimicrobianos, a través de las cadenas productivas de alimentos de origen animal, es una preocupación de salud pública de carácter mundial. Éste estudio describe los patrones de resistencia antimicrobiana de 283 aislamientos de Salmonella enterica procedentes de plantas de beneficio porcino en Colombia. Se evaluó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana frente a diez antimicrobianos: amoxacilina-ácido clavulánico (30 ug), ampicilina(10 ug), ceftiofur (30 ug), ciprofloxacina (5 ug), cloranfenicol (30 ug), florfenicol (30 ug), gentamicina (10 ug), sulfadiazina/trimetroprim (25 ug), tetraciclina (30 ug) y tilmicosina (15 ug) mediante el método de difusión en disco (Bauer & Kirby, 1966). Los resultados evidenciaron la presencia de 279 aislamientos multiresistentes de Salmonella enterica de origen porcino provenientes del ambiente y producto terminado de las plantas de beneficio evaluadas (46.64% n: 132). Se detectaron 52 patrones de multiresistencia, el más común fue ceftiofur-tetraciclina-tilmicosina en el 9,89% (n: 28) de los aislamientos. Con referencia a éstos antimicrobianos el 96,82% (n: 274) de los aislamientos fueron resistentes a tetraciclina, 73,14% (n: 207) a tilmicosina y 28,27% (n: 80) a ceftiofur. De especial interés fue la alta proporción de aislamientos resistentes a éste último, debido a una posible resistencia cruzada con ceftriaxona. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la necesidad de promover y fortalecer un Programa oficial de Vigilancia de la Resistencia Antimicrobiana y sistemas de monitoreo voluntario en cada eslabón de las cadenas productivas, para contribuir a la prevención y control de la transmisión de microorganismos resistentes de origen alimentario en el marco del sistema de gestión de inocuidad alimentaria en Colombia.</p>
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Martínez-Gonzáles NE, Martínez-Chávez L, Cabrera-Díaz E, Martínez-Cárdenas C, Gutiérrez-González P, Castillo A. Use of a novel medium, the Polymyxin Ceftazidime Oxford Medium, for isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from raw or non-pasteurized foods. Food Microbiol 2016; 55:105-11. [PMID: 26742621 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymyxin Ceftazidime Oxford Medium (PCOM), a novel selective and differential plating medium for Listeria monocytogenes was compared with Modified Oxford Agar (MOX) for efficacy to isolate L. monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. naturally present in non-pasteurized Mexican-style cheese (n = 50), non-pasteurized fresh squeezed orange juice (n = 50), raw beef chunks (n = 36), and fresh cabbage (n = 125). Samples were collected from retail markets and farms in Mexico and tested following the US Department of Agriculture enrichment technique. Listeria spp. were isolated from 23.4% of analyzed samples, and from those, 75.0% corresponded to raw beef chunks, 38.0% to non-pasteurized Mexican-style cheese, and 30.0% to fresh squeezed orange juice. No Listeria spp. were isolated from fresh cabbage samples. L. monocytogenes was recovered from 15.3% of food samples analyzed. Non-pasteurized Mexican-style cheese showed the highest proportion of L. monocytogenes positive samples (36.0%), followed by orange juice (26.0%) and raw beef (25.0%). The frequency of isolation of Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes was not different (P > 0.05) between PCOM and MOX. The advantages of using PCOM when comparing to MOX, include the easier way to identify Listeria species, the lower cost per plate and the availability of its ingredients for Latin-American countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Martínez-Gonzáles
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico
| | - L Martínez-Chávez
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico
| | - E Cabrera-Díaz
- Departamento de Salud Pública, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45200, Mexico
| | - C Martínez-Cárdenas
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico
| | - P Gutiérrez-González
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44430, Mexico
| | - A Castillo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-2471, USA.
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68
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Mansur AR, Park JH, Oh DH. Predictive Model for Growth of Staphylococcus aureus on Raw Pork, Ham, and Sausage. J Food Prot 2016; 79:132-7. [PMID: 26735039 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent Staphylococcus aureus outbreaks linked to meat and poultry products underscore the importance of understanding the growth kinetics of S. aureus in these products at different temperatures. Raw pork, ham, and sausage (each 10 ± 0.3 g) were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of S. aureus, resulting in an initial level of ca. 3 log CFU/g. Samples were stored isothermally at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C, and S. aureus was enumerated at appropriate time intervals. The square root model was developed using experimental data collected from S. aureus grown on all samples (where data from raw pork, ham, and sausage were combined) so as to describe the growth rate of S. aureus as a function of temperature. The model was then compared with models for S. aureus growth on each individual sample in the experiments (raw pork, ham, or sausage) and the S. aureus ComBase models, as well as models for the growth of different types of pathogens (S. aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella serovars, and Salmonella Typhimurium) on various types of meat and poultry products. The results show that the S. aureus model developed here based on the pooled data from all three pork products seems suitable for the prediction of S. aureus growth on different pork products under isothermal conditions from 10 to 25°C, as well as for S. aureus growth on different meat and poultry products at higher temperatures between 20 and 35°C. Regardless of some high deviations observed at temperatures between 25 and 40°C, the developed model still seems suitable to predict the growth of other pathogens on different types of meat and poultry products over the temperature ranges used here, especially for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium. The developed model, therefore, may be useful for estimating the effects of storage temperature on the behavior of pathogens in different meat and poultry products and for microbial risk assessments evaluating meat safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rois Mansur
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea; Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Anyangpangyo, Bundang, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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69
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Combined effects of slightly acidic electrolyzed water and fumaric acid on the reduction of foodborne pathogens and shelf life extension of fresh pork. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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70
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Tao F, Hill LE, Peng Y, Gomes CL. Synthesis and characterization of β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of thymol and thyme oil for antimicrobial delivery applications. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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71
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Valero A, Hernandez M, De Cesare A, Manfreda G, García-Gimeno RM, González-García P, Rodríguez-Lázaro D. Probabilistic approach for determining Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes concentration in pork meat from presence/absence microbiological data. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 184:60-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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72
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Chemiluminescence microarrays in analytical chemistry: a critical review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5589-612. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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73
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Modzelewska-Kapituła M, Maj-Sobotka K. S
almonella
sp. Occurrence in Minced Meat, Meat Preparations and Mechanically Separated Meat in Poland. J Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Modzelewska-Kapituła
- Department of Meat Technology and Chemistry; Faculty of Food Sciences; University of Warmia and Mazury in Poland; Plac Cieszyński 1 10-718 Olsztyn Poland
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74
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Mühlig A, Kabisch J, Pichner R, Scherer S, Müller-Herbst S. Contribution of the NO-detoxifying enzymes HmpA, NorV and NrfA to nitrosative stress protection of Salmonella Typhimurium in raw sausages. Food Microbiol 2014; 42:26-33. [PMID: 24929713 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial action of the curing agent sodium nitrite (NaNO2) in raw sausage fermentation is thought to mainly depend on the release of cytotoxic nitric oxide (NO) at acidic pH. Salmonella Typhimurium is capable of detoxifying NO via the flavohemoglobin HmpA, the flavorubredoxin NorV and the periplasmic cytochrome C nitrite reductase NrfA. In this study, the contribution of these systems to nitrosative stress tolerance in raw sausages was investigated. In vitro growth assays of the S. Typhimurium 14028 deletion mutants ΔhmpA, ΔnorV and ΔnrfA revealed a growth defect of ΔhmpA in the presence of acidified NaNO2. Transcriptional analysis of the genes hmpA, norV and nrfA in the wild-type showed a 41-fold increase in hmpA transcript levels in the presence of 150 mg/l acidified NaNO2, whereas transcription of norV and nrfA was not enhanced. However, challenge assays performed with short-ripened spreadable sausages produced with 0 or 150 mg/kg NaNO2 failed to reveal a phenotype for any of the mutants compared to the wild-type. Hence, none of the NO detoxification systems HmpA, NorV and NrfA is solely responsible for nitrosative stress tolerance of S. Typhimurium in raw sausages. Whether these systems act cooperatively, or if there are other yet undescribed mechanisms involved is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mühlig
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Jan Kabisch
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, MRI, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ernährung und Lebensmittel, E.-C.-Baumann-Str. 20, D-95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Rohtraud Pichner
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, MRI, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ernährung und Lebensmittel, E.-C.-Baumann-Str. 20, D-95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Siegfried Scherer
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Müller-Herbst
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85350 Freising, Germany.
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