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Zhan Y, Xie P, Li D, Li L, Chen J, An W, Zhang L, Zhang C. Deficiency of CKIP-1 aggravates high-fat diet-induced fatty liver in mice. Exp Cell Res 2017; 355:40-46. [PMID: 28351752 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 interacting protein-1(CKIP-1) is widely expressed in a variety of tissues and cells, and plays an important role in various critical cellular and physiological processes including cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation, cytoskeleton and bone formation. Here, we found: (1) CKIP-1 deficient mice exhibited increased body weight, liver weight, number and size of lipid droplets, and TG content comparing with WT mice after being exposed to high fat diet (HFD); (2) the levels of serum insulin, liver glycogen, phosphorylated C-Jun-N-terminal kinase-1 (pJNK1) and phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate -1(pIRS1) in CKIP-1-/- mice were higher than those of WT mice; (3) CKIP-1 interacted with JNK1 in vitro. Our results indicate that CKIP-1 deficiency in mice aggravates HFD-induced fatty liver by upregulating JNK1 phosphorylation and further upregulating IRS-1 phosphorylation and RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Physical Examination Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Dongnian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer & Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.
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Cernea S, Cahn A, Raz I. Pharmacological management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 10:535-547. [PMID: 28276774 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1300059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is high and it is associated with poor prognosis. Hepatic steatosis results as a consequence of excessive hepatic lipid accumulation which correlates with insulin resistance and lipotoxicity, with subsequent oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis. Areas covered: This article presents the main pathophysiologic mechanisms and currently available drugs evaluated for their therapeutic effects on NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and drugs under development that target relevant pathogenetic pathways. However, to date there is no particular drug approved for treatment of NAFLD in patients with T2D. Expert commentary: Early recognition and intervention are essential to ameliorate disease progression. Specific recommendations are still needed for NAFLD/NASH screening and diagnosis and therapeutic algorithm in patients with T2D. Lifestyle optimization with significant weight loss is a key intervention in patients with NAFLD and T2D. Pioglitazone, liraglutide, vitamin E, OCA and pentoxifylline have proven some histological improvements in NASH and omega 3-PUFAs were shown to decrease liver fat, but no specific recommendation can be made for treatment of NASH. Perhaps a combination of agents that target different pathogenic pathways are needed to better control disease progression, but more robust evidence for these agents is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cernea
- a Department M3/Internal Medicine IV , University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Târgu Mureş , Romania.,b Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Unit , Emergency County Clinical Hospital , Târgu Mureş , Romania
| | - Avivit Cahn
- c Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine , Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital , Jerusalem , Israel.,d Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine , Hadassah University Hospital , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Itamar Raz
- c Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine , Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital , Jerusalem , Israel
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Jin CJ, Engstler AJ, Ziegenhardt D, Bischoff SC, Trautwein C, Bergheim I. Loss of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein attenuates the development of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:708-715. [PMID: 27404046 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM It has been suggested in several studies that an increased translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and, subsequently, an activation of toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent signaling pathways in the liver may contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS Eight-week-old lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP)-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were pair fed either a liquid diet rich in fat, fructose, and cholesterol (Western-style diet [WSD]) or a control liquid diet for 8 weeks. Parameters of liver injury, markers of TLR-4-dependent signaling pathway, and glucose/lipid metabolism were determined. RESULTS Despite similar total caloric intake, weight gain, fasting blood glucose levels, and liver-to-bodyweight ratio, indices of liver damage determined by liver histology and transaminases were markedly lower in WSD-fed LBP-/- mice than in WSD-fed WT animals. In line with these findings, number of neutrophils, F4/80 positive cells, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 were only found to be significantly increased in livers of WSD-fed WT mice. While mRNA expressions of TLR-4 and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 were similar between WSD-fed groups, concentrations of inducible nitric oxide synthase protein and 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts were significantly higher in livers of WSD-fed WT mice than in WSD-fed LBP-/- animals. Markers of lipid metabolism, for example, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase per se, were significantly lower in livers of LBP-/- mice; however, mRNA expressions did not differ between controls and WSD-fed mice within the respective mouse strain. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that LBP is a critical factor in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Doreen Ziegenhardt
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Internal Intensive Medicine (Med. Clinic III), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Abstract
The article provides an overview of current views on the involvement of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas in patients with overweight and obesity. It considers the general issues of the pathogenesis of these conditions, their clinical features and diagnostic methods.
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease occurs in significant percentage of general population. NAFLD is closely associated with entire spectrum of metabolic-related disorders including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Considering several similar pathways underpinning metabolic disorders, presence of common molecular mediators contributing to pathomechanism of these disorders is expected. Mounting evidence has demonstrated important role of adipokines in the context of NAFLD. Adipokines produced by different tissues, mainly adipose, modulate numerous pathways including glucose and fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. CTRPs (C1q/TNF-related proteins) are a recently identified family of adipokines in which adiponectin is the most well-known ones. CTRP1 is a member of this family which has captured attention in recent years. CTRP1 enhances glucose and fatty acid oxidation, improves insulin sensitivity, attenuates plaque formation, and increases aldosterone production. Hence, various roles in metabolic pathways can link CTRP1 to NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Sellmann C, Jin CJ, Engstler AJ, De Bandt JP, Bergheim I. Oral citrulline supplementation protects female mice from the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2519-2527. [PMID: 27496089 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Impairments of intestinal barrier function are discussed as risk factors for the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Studies suggest an association between arginine/citrulline homeostasis and the development of liver damages. Here, the effect of an oral L-citrulline (Cit) supplement on the development of a Western-style diet (WSD)-induced NAFLD was determined in mice. METHODS Female 6- to 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were either pair-fed a liquid Western-style or control diet (C) ± 2.5 g/kg bodyweight Cit for 6 weeks (C + Cit or WSD + Cit). Indices of liver damage, glucose metabolism, intestinal barrier function and NO synthesis were measured. RESULTS While bodyweight gain was similar between groups, markers of glucose metabolism like fasting blood glucose and HOMA index and markers of liver damage like hepatic triglyceride levels, number of neutrophils and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protein levels were significantly lower in WSD + Cit-fed mice when compared to WSD-fed mice only. Protein levels of the tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occludens-1 in duodenum were significantly lower in mice fed a WSD when compared to those fed a WSD + Cit (-~70 and -~60 %, respectively, P < 0.05), whereas portal endotoxin levels, concentration of 3-nitrotyrosine protein adducts in duodenum and toll-like receptor-4 mRNA expression in livers of WSD + Cit-fed mice were markedly lower than in WSD-fed mice (-~43 %, P = 0.056; -~80 and -~48 %, respectively, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the protective effects of supplementing Cit on the development of NAFLD in mice are associated with a decreased translocation of endotoxin into the portal vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Sellmann
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jean-Pascal De Bandt
- Nutrition Biology Laboratory EA4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Clinical Chemistry Department, Paris Centre University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Godos J, Federico A, Dallio M, Scazzina F. Mediterranean diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: molecular mechanisms of protection. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:18-27. [PMID: 27484357 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1214239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional habits modifications have shown an important impact in preventing and ameliorating metabolic alterations, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Among several dietary approaches that exert positive effects in NAFLD patients, the Mediterranean dietary pattern has shown notable benefits. This review explores the molecular mechanisms through which the Mediterranean diet would improve risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and NAFLD. The main features of the Mediterranean diet acting on metabolism are represented by its whole-grain and low glycemic index cereal-based items, its fatty acid profile, and its content in phytochemical compounds. Carbohydrate-rich foods high in dietary fiber inducing low glycemic response are able to interact with glucose and insulin metabolism. Unsaturated fatty acids are associated with better hepatic lipid metabolism. Finally, phytochemical compounds, such as dietary polyphenols, are thought to ameliorate inflammation, which is considered one of the mechanisms through which NALFD may evolve into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Godos
- a Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna , Azienda Universitario Ospedaliera Policlinico "Vittorio Emanuale" , Catania , Italy
| | - Alessandro Federico
- b Hepato-Gastroenterology Division , Second University of Naples , Napoli , Italy
| | - Marcello Dallio
- b Hepato-Gastroenterology Division , Second University of Naples , Napoli , Italy
| | - Francesca Scazzina
- c Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food Science , University of Parma , Parma, Italy
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Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Mantzoros CS. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia: An update. Metabolism 2016; 65:1109-23. [PMID: 27237577 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, progressing from simple steatosis to necroinflammation and fibrosis (leading to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH), and in some cases to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance are involved in NAFLD development and progression. NAFLD has been associated with several cardiovascular (CV) risk factors including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension and smoking. NAFLD is also characterized by atherogenic dyslipidemia, postprandial lipemia and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) dysfunction. Most importantly, NAFLD patients have an increased risk for both liver and CV disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. In this narrative review, the associations between NAFLD, dyslipidemia and vascular disease in NAFLD patients are discussed. NAFLD treatment is also reviewed with a focus on lipid-lowering drugs. Finally, future perspectives in terms of both NAFLD diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Jang SA, Lee S, Sohn EH, Yang J, Park DW, Jeong YJ, Kim I, Kwon JE, Song HS, Cho YM, Meng X, Koo HJ, Kang SC. Cynanchum wilfordii Radix attenuates liver fat accumulation and damage by suppressing hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase in mice fed with a high-fat and high-fructose diet. Nutr Res 2016; 36:914-924. [PMID: 27632911 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of fat and fructose augments the pathological progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through hepatic fibrosis, inflammation, and hepatic de novo lipogenesis. We hypothesized that supplementation with Cynanchum wilfordii extract (CWE) decreases fat accumulation in the liver by suppressing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The beneficial effect of CWE was evaluated in a murine model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mice were fed either a normal diet or an atherogenic diet with fructose (ATHFR) in the presence or absence of CWE (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg; n=6/group). Treatment with ATHFR induced a hepatosplenomegaly-like condition (increased liver and spleen weight); this pathological change was attenuated in the presence of CWE. The ATHFR group exhibited impaired liver function, as evidenced by increased blood levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, fat accumulation in the liver, and lipid profiles. Supplementation of CWE (100 and 200 mg/kg, P<.05) ameliorated these impaired liver functions. Atherogenic diet with fructose increased the protein levels of COX-2 and p38 MAPK, as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. These signaling pathways, which are associated with the inflammatory response, were markedly suppressed after CWE treatment (100 and 200 mg/kg). In summary, CWE supplementation reduced high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced fat accumulation and damage in the liver by suppressing COX-2, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-A Jang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - SungRyul Lee
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Sohn
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resources, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 245-710, Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Yang
- Department of Medicinal and Industrial Crops, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Dae Won Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Yong Joon Jeong
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kwon
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Hae Seong Song
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Young Mi Cho
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Koo
- Department of Medicinal and Industrial Crops, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
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The Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Interplay between Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Genetic Background. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:2862173. [PMID: 27247565 PMCID: PMC4876215 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2862173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, and it comprises a spectrum of hepatic abnormalities from simple hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. While the pathogenesis of NAFLD remains incompletely understood, a multihit model has been proposed that accommodates causal factors from a variety of sources, including intestinal and adipose proinflammatory stimuli acting on the liver simultaneously. Prior cellular and molecular studies of patient and animal models have characterized several common pathogenic mechanisms of NAFLD, including proinflammation cytokines, lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In recent years, gut microbiota has gained much attention, and dysbiosis is recognized as a crucial factor in NAFLD. Moreover, several genetic variants have been identified through genome-wide association studies, particularly rs738409 (Ile748Met) in PNPLA3 and rs58542926 (Glu167Lys) in TM6SF2, which are critical risk alleles of the disease. Although a high-fat diet and inactive lifestyles are typical risk factors for NAFLD, the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and genetic background is believed to be more important in the development and progression of NAFLD. This review summarizes the common pathogenic mechanisms, the gut microbiota relevant mechanisms, and the major genetic variants leading to NAFLD and its progression.
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Rui W, Zou Y, Lee J, Nambiar SM, Lin J, Zhang L, Yang Y, Dai G. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Deficiency Results in Amplification of the Liver Fat-Lowering Effect of Estrogen. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:14-21. [PMID: 27189962 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.231316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates multiple biologic processes, including hepatic lipid metabolism. Estrogen exerts actions affecting energy homeostasis, including a liver fat-lowering effect. Increasing evidence indicates the crosstalk between these two molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Nrf2 modulates estrogen signaling in hepatic lipid metabolism. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was induced in wild-type and Nrf2-null mice fed a high-fat diet and the liver fat-lowering effect of exogenous estrogen was subsequently assessed. We found that exogenous estrogen eliminated 49% and 90% of hepatic triglycerides in wild-type and Nrf2-null mice with NAFLD, respectively. This observation demonstrates that Nrf2 signaling is antagonistic to estrogen signaling in hepatic fat metabolism; thus, Nrf2 absence results in striking amplification of the liver fat-lowering effect of estrogen. In addition, we found the association of trefoil factor 3 and fatty acid binding protein 5 with the liver fat-lowering effect of estrogen. In summary, we identified Nrf2 as a novel and potent inhibitor of estrogen signaling in hepatic lipid metabolism. Our finding may provide a potential strategy to treat NAFLD by dually targeting Nrf2 and estrogen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Rui
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
| | - Yuhong Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
| | - Joonyong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
| | - Shashank Manohar Nambiar
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
| | - Jingmei Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
| | - Linjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
| | - Guoli Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
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Tryndyak VP, Han T, Fuscoe JC, Ross SA, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. Status of hepatic DNA methylome predetermines and modulates the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver injury in mice. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:298. [PMID: 27103143 PMCID: PMC4840954 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem and a leading cause of chronic liver disease in the United States and Western countries. In humans, genetic factors greatly influence individual susceptibility to NAFLD; nonetheless, the effect of inter-individual differences in the normal liver epigenome with regard to the susceptibility to NAFLD has not been determined. Results In the present study, we investigated the association between the DNA methylation status in the livers of A/J and WSB/EiJ mice and the severity of NAFLD-associated liver injury. We demonstrate that A/J and WSB/EiJ mice, which are characterized by significant differences in the severity of liver injury induced by a choline- and folate-deficient (CFD) diet exhibit substantial differences in cytosine DNA methylation in their normal livers. Furthermore, feeding A/J and WSB/EiJ mice a CFD diet for 12 weeks resulted in different trends and changes in hepatic cytosine DNA methylation. Conclusion Our findings indicate a primary role of hepatic DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and suggest that individual variations in DNA methylation across the genome may be a factor determining and influencing the vulnerability to NAFLD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2617-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr P Tryndyak
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Tao Han
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - James C Fuscoe
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Sharon A Ross
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frederick A Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Igor P Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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Itoh N, Nakayama Y, Konishi M. Roles of FGFs As Paracrine or Endocrine Signals in Liver Development, Health, and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:30. [PMID: 27148532 PMCID: PMC4829580 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays important roles in multiple processes including metabolism, the immune system, and detoxification and also has a unique capacity for regeneration. FGFs are growth factors that have diverse functions in development, health, and disease. The FGF family now comprises 22 members. Several FGFs have been shown to play roles as paracrine signals in liver development, health, and disease. FGF8 and FGF10 are involved in embryonic liver development, FGF7 and FGF9 in repair in response to liver injury, and FGF5, FGF8, FGF9, FGF17, and FGF18 in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, FGF15/19 and FGF21 are endocrine signals. FGF15/19, which is produced in the ileum, is a negative regulator of bile acid metabolism and a stimulator of gallbladder filling. FGF15/19 is a postprandial, insulin-independent activator of hepatic protein and glycogen synthesis. It is also required for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver regeneration. FGF21 is a hepatokine produced in the liver. FGF21 regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue. Serum FGF21 levels are elevated in non-alcoholic fatty liver. FGF21 also protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver. These findings provide new insights into the roles of FGFs in the liver and potential therapeutic strategies for hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Itoh
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakayama
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University Kobe, Japan
| | - Morichika Konishi
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University Kobe, Japan
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Abstract
Liver biopsy is currently recognized as the most accurate method for diagnosing and staging nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, this procedure is typically performed when disease has progressed to clinically significant stages, thereby limiting early diagnosis of patients who are at high risk for development of liver- and cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), short, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, have been associated with histological features of NAFLD and are readily detected in the circulation. As such, miRNAs are emerging as potentially useful noninvasive markers with which to follow the progression of NAFLD. In this article, we present the evidence linking circulating miRNAs with NAFLD and discuss the potential value of circulating miRNA profiles in the development of improved methods for NAFLD diagnosis and clinical monitoring of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K. DiStefano
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, Phone: 303-398-2357
| | - Glenn S. Gerhard
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, Phone: 215-707-5415
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