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Burger K, Jung F, Staufer K, Ladurner R, Trauner M, Baumann A, Brandt A, Bergheim I. MASLD is related to impaired alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and elevated blood ethanol levels: Role of TNFα and JNK. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103121. [PMID: 38493749 PMCID: PMC10957403 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated fasting ethanol levels in peripheral blood frequently found in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASLD) patients even in the absence of alcohol consumption are discussed to contribute to disease development. To test the hypothesis that besides an enhanced gastrointestinal synthesis a diminished alcohol elimination through alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) may also be critical herein, we determined fasting ethanol levels and ADH activity in livers and blood of MASLD patients and in wild-type ± anti-TNFα antibody (infliximab) treated and TNFα-/- mice fed a MASLD-inducing diet. Blood ethanol levels were significantly higher in patients and wild-type mice with MASLD while relative ADH activity in blood and liver tissue was significantly lower compared to controls. Both alterations were significantly attenuated in MASLD diet-fed TNFα-/- mice and wild-type mice treated with infliximab. Moreover, alcohol elimination was significantly impaired in mice with MASLD. In in vitro models, TNFα but not IL-1β or IL-6 significantly decreased ADH activity. Our data suggest that elevated ethanol levels in MASLD patients are related to TNFα-dependent impairments of ADH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Burger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Staufer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Ladurner
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Trauner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Bergheim I, Moreno-Navarrete JM. The relevance of intestinal barrier dysfunction, antimicrobial proteins and bacterial endotoxin in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14224. [PMID: 38634717 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of end-stage liver disease associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular disease. Obesity and diabetes are the most important risk factors of MASLD. It is well-established that obesity-associated insulin resistance leads to a situation of tissue lipotoxicity characterized by an accumulation of excess fat in non-fat tissues such as the liver, promoting the development of MASLD, and its progression into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. METHODS Here, we aimed to review the impact of disrupted intestinal permeability, antimicrobial proteins and bacterial endotoxin in the development and progression of MASLD. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Recent studies demonstrated that obesity- and obesogenic diets-associated alterations of intestinal microbiota along with the disruption of intestinal barrier integrity, the alteration in antimicrobial proteins and, in consequence, an enhanced translocation of bacterial endotoxin into bloodstream might contribute to this pathological process through to impacting liver metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI-CERCA), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Jaeger JW, Brandt A, Gui W, Yergaliyev T, Hernández-Arriaga A, Muthu MM, Edlund K, Elashy A, Molinaro A, Möckel D, Sarges J, Halibasic E, Trauner M, Kahles F, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Hengstler J, Schneider CV, Lammers T, Marschall HU, von Bergen M, Camarinha-Silva A, Bergheim I, Trautwein C, Schneider KM. Microbiota modulation by dietary oat beta-glucan prevents steatotic liver disease progression. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100987. [PMID: 38328439 PMCID: PMC10844974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Changes in gut microbiota in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are important drivers of disease progression towards fibrosis. Therefore, reversing microbial alterations could ameliorate MASLD progression. Oat beta-glucan, a non-digestible polysaccharide, has shown promising therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia associated with MASLD, but its impact on gut microbiota and most importantly MASLD-related fibrosis remains unknown. Methods We performed detailed metabolic phenotyping, including assessments of body composition, glucose tolerance, and lipid metabolism, as well as comprehensive characterization of the gut-liver axis in a western-style diet (WSD)-induced model of MASLD and assessed the effect of a beta-glucan intervention on early and advanced liver disease. Gut microbiota were modulated using broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Results Oat beta-glucan supplementation did not affect WSD-induced body weight gain or glucose intolerance and the metabolic phenotype remained largely unaffected. Interestingly, oat beta-glucan dampened MASLD-related inflammation, which was associated with significantly reduced monocyte-derived macrophage infiltration and fibroinflammatory gene expression, as well as strongly reduced fibrosis development. Mechanistically, this protective effect was not mediated by changes in bile acid composition or signaling, but was dependent on gut microbiota and was lost upon broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Specifically, oat beta-glucan partially reversed unfavorable changes in gut microbiota, resulting in an expansion of protective taxa, including Ruminococcus, and Lactobacillus followed by reduced translocation of Toll-like receptor ligands. Conclusions Our findings identify oat beta-glucan as a highly efficacious food supplement that dampens inflammation and fibrosis development in diet-induced MASLD. These results, along with its favorable dietary profile, suggest that it may be a cost-effective and well-tolerated approach to preventing MASLD progression and should be assessed in clinical studies. Impact and Implications Herein, we investigated the effect of oat beta-glucan on the gut-liver axis and fibrosis development in a mouse model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Beta-glucan significantly reduced inflammation and fibrosis in the liver, which was associated with favorable shifts in gut microbiota that protected against bacterial translocation and activation of fibroinflammatory pathways. Together, oat beta-glucan may be a cost-effective and well-tolerated approach to prevent MASLD progression and should be assessed in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius W. Jaeger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wenfang Gui
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Timur Yergaliyev
- Department Microbial Ecology of Livestock at the Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angélica Hernández-Arriaga
- Department Microbial Ecology of Livestock at the Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mukil Marutha Muthu
- Department Microbial Ecology of Livestock at the Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elashy
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Diana Möckel
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Sarges
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Emina Halibasic
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Kahles
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Twan Lammers
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Amélia Camarinha-Silva
- Department Microbial Ecology of Livestock at the Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Sánchez V, Baumann A, Brandt A, Wodak MF, Staltner R, Bergheim I. Oral Supplementation of Phosphatidylcholine Attenuates the Onset of a Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis in Female C57BL/6J Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:785-800. [PMID: 38262589 PMCID: PMC10966192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Changes in phosphatidylcholine levels in the liver have been associated with the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Here, the effects of supplementing phosphatidylcholine on the development of early signs of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis were assessed. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed a liquid control or a fructose-, fat-, and/or cholesterol-rich diet for 7 or 8 weeks. The diets of female mice were fortified ± phosphatidylcholine (12.5 mg/g diet). In liver tissue and portal blood, indices of liver damage, inflammation, and bacterial endotoxemia were measured. J774A.1 cells and human monocytes preincubated with phosphatidylcholine (0.38 mmol/L) were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (50-100 ng/mL) ± the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activator pioglitazone (10 μmol/L) or ± a liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH-1) antagonist 1-(3'-[1-(2-[4-morpholinyl]ethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-3-biphenylyl)ethanon (1-10 μmol/L). RESULTS In fructose-, fat-, and/or cholesterol-rich diet-fed mice the development of fatty liver and the beginning of inflammation were associated with significantly lower hepatic phosphatidylcholine levels when compared with controls. Supplementing phosphatidylcholine significantly attenuated the development of fatty liver and inflammation, being associated with protection against the induction of PPARγ2, and activation of nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cell inhibitor α whereas Lrh1 expression was unchanged. The protective effects of phosphatidylcholine on the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of J774A.1 cells and human monocytes were attenuated significantly by the PPARγ activator pioglitazone and the LRH-1 antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that phosphatidylcholine levels in the liver are lower in early metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in mice and that supplementation of phosphatidylcholine can diminish the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease through mechanisms involving LRH-1/PPARγ2/ nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B-cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian F Wodak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Brandt A, Csarmann K, Hernández-Arriaga A, Baumann A, Staltner R, Halilbasic E, Trauner M, Camarinha-Silva A, Bergheim I. Antibiotics attenuate diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without altering intestinal barrier dysfunction. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109495. [PMID: 37871765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
To date the role of the alterations of intestinal microbiota in the development of intestinal barrier dysfunction in settings of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been fully understood. Here, we assessed the effect of antibiotics on development of NAFLD and their impact on intestinal barrier dysfunction. Male C57BL/6J mice were either pair-fed a liquid control diet (C) or fat- and fructose-rich diet (FFr) +/- antibiotics (AB, ampicillin/vancomycin/metronidazole/gentamycin) for 7 weeks. Fasting blood glucose was determined and markers of liver damage, inflammation, intestinal barrier function, and microbiota composition were assessed. The development of hepatic steatosis with early signs of inflammation found in FFr-fed mice was significantly abolished in FFr+AB-fed mice. Also, while prevalence of bacteria in feces was not detectable and TLR4 ligand levels in portal plasma were at the level of controls in FFr+AB-fed mice, impairments of intestinal barrier function like an increased permeation of xylose and iNOS protein levels persisted to a similar extent in both FFr-fed groups irrespective of AB use. Exposure of everted small intestinal tissue sacs of naïve mice to fructose resulted in a significant increase in tissue permeability and loss of tight junction proteins, being not affected by the presence of AB, whereas the concomitant treatment of tissue sacs with the NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine attenuated these alterations. Taken together, our data suggest that intestinal barrier dysfunction in diet-induced NAFLD in mice may not be predominantly dependent on changes in intestinal microbiota but rather that fructose-induced alterations of intestinal NO-homeostasis might be critically involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Csarmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angélica Hernández-Arriaga
- Livestock Microbial Ecology Department, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emina Halilbasic
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amélia Camarinha-Silva
- Livestock Microbial Ecology Department, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Staltner R, Burger K, Baumann A, Bergheim I. Fructose: a modulator of intestinal barrier function and hepatic health? Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:3113-3124. [PMID: 37596353 PMCID: PMC10611622 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Consumption of fructose has repeatedly been discussed to be a key factor in the development of health disturbances such as hypertension, diabetes type 2, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite intense research efforts, the question if and how high dietary fructose intake interferes with human health has not yet been fully answered. RESULTS Studies suggest that besides its insulin-independent metabolism dietary fructose may also impact intestinal homeostasis and barrier function. Indeed, it has been suggested by the results of human and animal as well as in vitro studies that fructose enriched diets may alter intestinal microbiota composition. Furthermore, studies have also shown that both acute and chronic intake of fructose may lead to an increased formation of nitric oxide and a loss of tight junction proteins in small intestinal tissue. These alterations have been related to an increased translocation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) like bacterial endotoxin and an induction of dependent signaling cascades in the liver but also other tissues. CONCLUSION In the present narrative review, results of studies assessing the effects of fructose on intestinal barrier function and their impact on the development of health disturbances with a particular focus on the liver are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Burger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Rajcic D, Kromm F, Hernández-Arriaga A, Brandt A, Baumann A, Staltner R, Camarinha-Silva A, Bergheim I. Supplementing L-Citrulline Can Extend Lifespan in C. elegans and Attenuate the Development of Aging-Related Impairments of Glucose Tolerance and Intestinal Barrier in Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1579. [PMID: 38002262 PMCID: PMC10669166 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Citrulline (L-Cit) is discussed to possess a protective effect on intestinal barrier dysfunction but also to diminish aging-associated degenerative processes. Here, the effects of L-Cit on lifespan were assessed in C. elegans, while the effects of L-Cit on aging-associated decline were determined in C57BL/6J mice. For lifespan analysis, C. elegans were treated with ±5 mM L-Cit. Twelve-month-old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 8-10/group) fed a standard chow diet received drinking water ± 2.5 g/kg/d L-Cit or 5 g/kg/d hydrolyzed soy protein (Iso-N-control) for 16 or 32 weeks. Additionally, 4-month-old C57BL/6J mice were treated accordingly for 8 weeks. Markers of senescence, glucose tolerance, intestinal barrier function, and intestinal microbiota composition were analyzed in mice. L-Cit treatment significantly extended the lifespan of C. elegans. The significant increase in markers of senescence and signs of impaired glucose tolerance found in 16- and 20-month-old control mice was attenuated in L-Cit-fed mice, which was associated with protection from intestinal barrier dysfunction and a decrease in NO2- levels in the small intestine, while no marked differences in intestinal microbiota composition were found when comparing age-matched groups. Our results suggest that pharmacological doses of L-Cit may have beneficial effects on lifespan in C. elegans and aging-associated decline in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Kromm
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Amélia Camarinha-Silva
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (A.C.-S.)
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Burger K, Jung F, Baumann A, Brandt A, Staltner R, Sánchez V, Bergheim I. TNFα is a key trigger of inflammation in diet-induced non-obese MASLD in mice. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102870. [PMID: 37683301 PMCID: PMC10493600 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is thought to be a critical factor in the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Here, we determined the effects of a treatment with the anti-TNFα antibody infliximab and a genetic deletion of TNFα, respectively, in the development of non-obese diet-induced early metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in mice. The treatment with infliximab improved markers of liver damage in mice with pre-existing early MASH. In TNFα-/- mice, the development of early signs of MASH and insulin resistance was significantly attenuated compared to wild-type animals. While mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin 1β (Il1b) and interleukin 6 (Il6) were significantly lower in livers of MASH-diet-fed TNFα-/- mice compared to wild-type mice with early MASH, markers of intestinal barrier function were similarly impaired in both MASH-diet-fed groups compared to controls. Our data suggest that TNFα is a key regulator of hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance associated with the development of early non-obese MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Burger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Staltner R, Sánchez V, Bergheim I, Baumann A. Acute Intake of Sucrose but Not of the Intense Sweetener Sucralose Is Associated with Post-Prandial Endotoxemia in Healthy Young Adults-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4038. [PMID: 37764821 PMCID: PMC10537596 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar-rich diets, but also the use of intense sweeteners, may alter intestinal barrier function. Here, we assessed the effect of sucrose and sucralose on post-prandial endotoxemia in a randomized placebo-controlled single-blinded crossover-designed study. Following a 2-day standardization of their diet, healthy men and women received a beverage containing either sucrose, sucralose (iso-sweet) or an isocaloric combination of sucralose + maltodextrin. Plasma endotoxin levels were measured after consumption of the respective beverages. Moreover, the effect of sucrose and sucralose on intestinal permeability was assessed in Caco-2 cells and ex vivo in an everted gut sac model. The nutritional standardization recommended by nutrition societies was associated with a significant decrease in plasma endotoxin levels. The intake of the sucrose-sweetened beverage resulted in a significant increase in plasma endotoxin levels while being unchanged after the intake of sucralose-sweetened beverages. In Caco-2 cells, the challenge with sucrose but not with sucralose significantly increased the permeation of the bacterial endotoxin across the cell monolayer. Xylose permeation in small intestinal everted tissue sacs was significantly higher upon the challenge with sucrose while remaining unchanged in sucralose-challenged sacs. Our data suggest that an acute intake of physiologically relevant amounts of sucrose but not of sucralose can result in post-prandial endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Heller B, Reiter FP, Leicht HB, Fiessler C, Bergheim I, Heuschmann PU, Geier A, Rau M. Salt-Intake-Related Behavior Varies between Sexes and Is Strongly Associated with Daily Salt Consumption in Obese Patients at High Risk for MASLD. Nutrients 2023; 15:3942. [PMID: 37764734 PMCID: PMC10534674 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) imposes a significant burden on Westernized regions. The Western diet, high in salt intake, significantly contributes to disease development. However, there are a lack of data on salt literacy and salt intake among MASLD patients in Germany. Our study aims to analyze daily salt intake and salt-intake-related behavior in MASLD patients. METHODS 234 MASLD patients were prospectively included. Daily salt intake and salt-intake-related behavior were assessed via a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ-DEGS) and a salt questionnaire (SINU). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. RESULTS Mean daily salt intake was higher in men than in women (7.3 ± 5 g/d vs. 5.3 ± 4 g/d; p < 0.001). There was significant agreement between increased daily salt intake (>6 g/d) and the behavioral salt index (SI) (p < 0.001). Men exhibited higher SI scores compared to women, indicating lower awareness of salt in everyday life. Multivariate analysis identified specific salt-intake-related behaviors impacting daily salt consumption. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a strong link between daily salt intake and salt-intake-related behavior, highlighting sex-specific differences in an MASLD cohort. To enhance patient care in high-cardiovascular-risk populations, specific behavioral approaches may be considered, including salt awareness, to improve adherence to lifestyle changes, particularly in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Heller
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian P. Reiter
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans Benno Leicht
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Fiessler
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter U. Heuschmann
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Monika Rau
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Brandt A, Kromm F, Hernández-Arriaga A, Martínez Sánchez I, Bozkir HÖ, Staltner R, Baumann A, Camarinha-Silva A, Heijtz RD, Bergheim I. Cognitive Alterations in Old Mice Are Associated with Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Induced Toll-like Receptor 2 and 4 Signaling in Different Brain Regions. Cells 2023; 12:2153. [PMID: 37681885 PMCID: PMC10486476 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicate the 'microbiota-gut-brain axis' in cognitive aging and neuroinflammation; however, underlying mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. Here, we assessed if potential alterations in intestinal barrier function and microbiota composition as well as levels of two key pattern-recognition receptors namely Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4, in blood and different brain regions, and depending signaling cascades are paralleling aging associated alterations of cognition in healthy aging mice. Cognitive function was assessed in the Y-maze and intestinal and brain tissue and blood were collected in young (4 months old) and old (24 months old) male C57BL/6 mice to determine intestinal microbiota composition by Illumina amplicon sequencing, the concentration of TLR2 and TLR4 ligands in plasma and brain tissue as well as to determine markers of intestinal barrier function, senescence and TLR2 and TLR4 signaling. Cognitive function was significantly impaired in old mice. Also, in old mice, intestinal microbiota composition was significantly altered, while the relative abundance of Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria in the small and large intestines at different ages was not altered. Moreover, intestinal barrier function was impaired in small intestine of old mice, and the levels of TLR2 and TLR4 ligands were also significantly higher in both portal and peripheral blood. Furthermore, levels of TLR2 and TLR4 ligands, and downstream markers of TLR signaling were higher in the hippocampal and prefrontal cortex of old mice compared to young animals. Taken together, our results suggest that even in 'healthy' aging, cognitive function is impaired in mice going along with an increased intestinal translocation of TLR ligands and alterations of TLR signaling in several brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Kromm
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angélica Hernández-Arriaga
- Animal Nutrition Department, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Inés Martínez Sánchez
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Haktan Övül Bozkir
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Amélia Camarinha-Silva
- Animal Nutrition Department, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rochellys Diaz Heijtz
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Gui W, Hole MJ, Molinaro A, Edlund K, Jørgensen KK, Su H, Begher-Tibbe B, Gaßler N, Schneider CV, Muthukumarasamy U, Mohs A, Liao L, Jaeger J, Mertens CJ, Bergheim I, Strowig T, Hengstler JG, Hov JR, Marschall HU, Trautwein C, Schneider KM. Colitis ameliorates cholestatic liver disease via suppression of bile acid synthesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3304. [PMID: 37280200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the biliary tree. The majority of PSC patients suffer from concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which has been suggested to promote disease development and progression. However, the molecular mechanisms by which intestinal inflammation may aggravate cholestatic liver disease remain incompletely understood. Here, we employ an IBD-PSC mouse model to investigate the impact of colitis on bile acid metabolism and cholestatic liver injury. Unexpectedly, intestinal inflammation and barrier impairment improve acute cholestatic liver injury and result in reduced liver fibrosis in a chronic colitis model. This phenotype is independent of colitis-induced alterations of microbial bile acid metabolism but mediated via hepatocellular NF-κB activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which suppresses bile acid metabolism in-vitro and in-vivo. This study identifies a colitis-triggered protective circuit suppressing cholestatic liver disease and encourages multi-organ treatment strategies for PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Gui
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Mikal Jacob Hole
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Section of Gastroenterology and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, 44139, Germany
| | - Kristin K Jørgensen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Huan Su
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Brigitte Begher-Tibbe
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, 44139, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Institute for Legal Medicine, Section Pathology, University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Carolin V Schneider
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Uthayakumar Muthukumarasamy
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany and Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, 97080, Germany
| | - Antje Mohs
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Lijun Liao
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Julius Jaeger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Christian J Mertens
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany and Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, 97080, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, 44139, Germany
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Section of Gastroenterology and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
| | - Kai Markus Schneider
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
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13
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Bergheim I. Kommentar zu „Zusammenhang zwischen Fruktosekonsum und
intrahepatischem Fett untersucht“. Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1929-6234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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14
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Jung F, Staltner R, Baumann A, Burger K, Halilbasic E, Hellerbrand C, Bergheim I. A Xanthohumol-Rich Hop Extract Diminishes Endotoxin-Induced Activation of TLR4 Signaling in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: A Study in Healthy Women. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012702. [PMID: 36293555 PMCID: PMC9603845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with Gram-negative bacteria are still among the leading causes of infection-related deaths. Several studies suggest that the chalcone xanthohumol (XN) found in hop (Humulus lupulus) possesses anti-inflammatory effects. In a single-blinded, placebo controlled randomized cross-over design study we assessed if the oral intake of a single low dose of 0.125 mg of a XN derived through a XN-rich hop extract (75% XN) affects lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) ex vivo in normal weight healthy women (n = 9) (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04847193) and determined associated molecular mechanisms. LPS-stimulation of PBMCs isolated from participants 1 h after the intake of the placebo for 2 h resulted in a significant induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine release which was significantly attenuated when participants had consumed XN. The XN-dependent attenuation of proinflammatory cytokine release was less pronounced 6 h after the LPS stimulation while the release of sCD14 was significantly reduced at this timepoint. The LPS-dependent activation of hTLR4 transfected HEK293 cells was significantly and dose-dependently suppressed by the XN-rich hop extract which was attenuated when cells were co-challenged with sCD14. Taken together, our results suggest even a one-time intake of low doses of XN consumed in a XN-rich hop extract can suppress LPS-dependent stimulation of PBMCs and that this is related to the interaction of the hop compound with the CD14/TLR4 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Burger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emina Halilbasic
- Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-4277-54981
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15
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Montez De Sousa ÍR, Bergheim I, Brombach C. Beyond the Individual -A Scoping Review and Bibliometric Mapping of Ecological Determinants of Eating Behavior in Older Adults. Public Health Rev 2022; 43:1604967. [PMID: 35992753 PMCID: PMC9381692 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2022.1604967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this scoping review was to summarize and provide a visual overview of the present-day knowledge on ecological determinants of eating behavior in community-dwelling elderly persons in relation with nutrition communication, considering the evolution of the field. The second objective was to integrate results in recommendations for the development of nutrition communication strategies. Methods: A literature review was performed on Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar, according with the PRISMA protocol for scoping reviews. An a-priori analysis was executed by categorizing determinants from the literature according with the different levels represented in the ecological framework and an a-posteriori analysis by using VosViewer for a chronological bibliometric mapping analysis. Results: Of 4029 articles retrieved, 77 were selected for analysis. Initial publications focused more on individual determinants of eating behavior. Over time, there was a shift towards a holistic view of eating behavior considering the “food environment”, including social networks, physical settings and public policy. Conclusion: Beyond the individual, all ecological levels are relevant when targeting eating behavior in the elderly. Nutrition communication strategies should be structured considering these influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íris Rafaela Montez De Sousa
- Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation, Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Molecular Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Íris Rafaela Montez De Sousa,
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Molecular Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brombach
- Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation, Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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16
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Baumann A, Burger K, Brandt A, Staltner R, Jung F, Rajcic D, Lorenzo Pisarello MJ, Bergheim I. GW9662, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonist, attenuates the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2022; 133:155233. [PMID: 35654114 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insulin resistance is among the key risk factors for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recently, it has been reported that GW9662, shown to be a potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) antagonist, may improve insulin sensitivity in settings of type 2 diabetes. Here, we determined the effects of GW9662 on the development of NAFLD and molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice were pair-fed either a liquid control diet (C) or a fat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet (FFC) for 8 weeks while either being treated with GW9662 (1 mg/kg body weight; C+GW9662 and FFC+GW9662) or vehicle (C and FFC) i.p. three times weekly. Indices of liver damage and inflammation, parameters of glucose metabolism and portal endotoxin levels were determined. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged J774A.1 cells were treated with 10 μM GW9662. RESULTS Despite similar caloric intake the development of NAFLD and insulin resistance were significantly attenuated in FFC+GW9662-treated mice when compared to FFC-fed animals. Bacterial endotoxin levels in portal plasma were almost similarly increased in both FFC-fed groups while expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (Myd88) and interleukin 1 beta (Il1b) as well as nitrite (NO2-) concentration in liver were significantly higher in FFC-fed mice than in FFC+GW9662-treated animals. In J774A.1 cells, treatment with GW9662 significantly attenuated LPS-induced expression of Il1b, interleukin 6 (Il6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNos) as well as NO2- formation. CONCLUSION In summary, our data suggest that the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 attenuates the development of a diet-induced NAFLD and that this is associated with a protection against the activation of the TLR4 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Burger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Zieger E, Schwaha T, Burger K, Bergheim I, Wanninger A, Calcino AD. Midbody-Localized Aquaporin Mediates Intercellular Lumen Expansion During Early Cleavage of an Invasive Freshwater Bivalve. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:894434. [PMID: 35774230 PMCID: PMC9237387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.894434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular lumen formation is a crucial aspect of animal development and physiology that involves a complex interplay between the molecular and physical properties of the constituent cells. Embryos of the invasive freshwater mussel Dreissena rostriformis are ideal models for studying this process due to the large intercellular cavities that readily form during blastomere cleavage. Using this system, we show that recruitment of the transmembrane water channel protein aquaporin exclusively to the midbody of intercellular cytokinetic bridges is critical for lumenogenesis. The positioning of aquaporin-positive midbodies thereby influences the direction of cleavage cavity expansion. Notably, disrupting cytokinetic bridge microtubules impairs not only lumenogenesis but also cellular osmoregulation. Our findings reveal a simple mechanism that provides tight spatial and temporal control over the formation of luminal structures and likely plays an important role in water homeostasis during early cleavage stages of a freshwater invertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Zieger
- Integrative Zoology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Andreas Wanninger, ; Andrew D. Calcino, ; Elisabeth Zieger,
| | - Thomas Schwaha
- Integrative Zoology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Burger
- Molecular Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Molecular Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Wanninger
- Integrative Zoology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Andreas Wanninger, ; Andrew D. Calcino, ; Elisabeth Zieger,
| | - Andrew D. Calcino
- Integrative Zoology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Andreas Wanninger, ; Andrew D. Calcino, ; Elisabeth Zieger,
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18
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Baumann A, Rajcic D, Brandt A, Sánchez V, Jung F, Staltner R, Nier A, Trauner M, Staufer K, Bergheim I. Alterations of nitric oxide homeostasis as trigger of intestinal barrier dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1206-1218. [PMID: 35029027 PMCID: PMC8831936 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in intestinal nitric oxide metabolism are discussed to contribute for the development of intestinal barrier dysfunction in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To induce steatosis, female C57BL/6J mice were pair‐fed with a liquid control diet (C) or a fat‐, fructose‐ and cholesterol‐rich diet (FFC) for 8 weeks. Mice received the diets ± 2.49 g L‐arginine/kg bw/day for additional 5 weeks. Furthermore, mice fed C or FFC ± L‐arginine/kg bw/day for 8 weeks were concomitantly treated with the arginase inhibitor Nω‐hydroxy‐nor‐L‐arginine (nor‐NOHA, 0.01 g/kg bw). Liver damage, intestinal barrier function, nitric oxide levels and arginase activity in small intestine were assessed. Also, arginase activity was measured in serum from 13 patients with steatosis (NAFL) and 14 controls. The development of steatosis with beginning inflammation was associated with impaired intestinal barrier function, increased nitric oxide levels and a loss of arginase activity in small intestine in mice. L‐arginine supplementation abolished the latter along with an improvement of intestinal barrier dysfunction; nor‐NOHA attenuated these effects. In patients with NAFL, arginase activity in serum was significantly lower than in healthy controls. Our data suggest that increased formation of nitric oxide and a loss of intestinal arginase activity is critical in NAFLD‐associated intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Staufer
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Surgery Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Jung F, Burger K, Staltner R, Brandt A, Mueller S, Bergheim I. Markers of Intestinal Permeability Are Rapidly Improved by Alcohol Withdrawal in Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051659. [PMID: 34068838 PMCID: PMC8153596 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in intestinal microbiome and barrier function are critical in the development of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). Here, we determined the effects of a one-week alcohol withdrawal on parameters of intestinal barrier function in heavy drinkers with ALD in comparison to healthy non-drinkers (controls). In serum samples of 17 controls (m = 10/f = 7) and 37 age-matched ALD patients (m = 26/f = 11) undergoing a one-week alcohol withdrawal, markers of liver health and intestinal barrier function were assessed. Liver damage, e.g., fibrosis and hepatic steatosis, were assessed using FibroScan. Before alcohol withdrawal, markers of liver damage, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and overall TLR4/TLR2 ligands in serum were significantly higher in ALD patients than in controls, whereas intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and zonulin protein concentrations in serum were lower. All parameters, with the exception of LBP, were significantly improved after alcohol withdrawal; however, not to the level of controls. Our data suggest that one-week of abstinence improves markers of intestinal barrier function and liver health in ALD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.J.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Katharina Burger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.J.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.J.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.J.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Department of Medicine, Salem Medical Center and Center for Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.J.); (K.B.); (R.S.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-4277-549-81
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Reutzel M, Grewal R, Esselun C, Petry SF, Linn T, Brandt A, Bergheim I, Eckert GP. Effects of different standard and special diets on cognition and brain mitochondrial function in mice. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:1823-1835. [PMID: 33814001 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1906392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Human nutrition plays an important role in prevention or at least slowing down the progression of age- and diet-related diseases. Thereby, mitochondrial dysfunction represents one common underlying mechanism, which is being investigated in mouse models. However, the influence of the selected diets in preclinical studies on cognition and mitochondrial function has not yet been reported cohesively.Methods: Therefore, we present the results of three different studies that addressed this question. First, we investigated the influence of two standard control chow diets and a special diet low in antioxidants over 6 months in aged NMRI mice. Additionally, a 70% high-fat (HF) chow diet as well as a western-style diet (WSD) rich in lard and fructose were examined in C57/BL6 mice. Cognitive performance, mitochondrial function and bioenergetics in the brain were investigated. Moreover, cerebral expression of genes involved in biogenesis and antioxidant defence (citrate synthase, complex I, complex IV, SOD2, Cat1, GPx-1) were quantified.Results: The results show that a modified, low antioxidant diet increased ATP levels in the brain of aged mice, while cognitive functions remained largely unaffected. A HF diet also showed significant effects on ATP levels and gene expression levels of relevant antioxidant markers, while the WSD had marginal effects on mitochondrial function and bioenergetics in the brain.Discussion: Our results indicate that standard- and special diets have an impact on cognition and mitochondrial function in the brain. Thus, appropriate caution is warranted when selecting a suitable diet for preclinical studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Reutzel
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Giessen, Germany
| | - Rekha Grewal
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Giessen, Germany
| | - Carsten Esselun
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Friedrich Petry
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Linn
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Giessen, Germany
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21
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Baumann A, Hernández-Arriaga A, Brandt A, Sánchez V, Nier A, Jung F, Kehm R, Höhn A, Grune T, Frahm C, Witte OW, Camarinha-Silva A, Bergheim I. Microbiota profiling in aging-associated inflammation and liver degeneration. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151500. [PMID: 33813306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of people above the age of 60 years is raising world-wide being associated with an increase in the prevalence of aging-associated impairments and even diseases. Recent studies suggest that aging is associated with alterations in bacterial endotoxin levels and that these changes may add to low-grade inflammation, the so-called 'inflammaging', and aging-associated liver degeneration. However, mechanisms involved, and especially, the interaction of intestinal microbiota and barrier in the development of aging-associated inflammation and liver degeneration have not been fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine if intestinal microbiota composition changes with age and if these alterations are associated with changes of markers of intestinal barrier function and the development of inflammation and liver degeneration. METHODS Blood, liver, small and large intestinal tissue of male 2-, 15-, 24- and 30-months old C57BL/6 mice fed standard chow were obtained. Intestinal microbiota composition, expression levels of antimicrobial peptides in small intestine and markers of intestinal barrier function were measured. Furthermore, indices of liver damage, inflammation and expression levels of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (Lbp) as well as of toll-like receptors (Tlr) 1-9 in liver tissue were assessed. RESULTS Pairwise comparisons of the microbial community in the small intestine showed differences between 2- and 24-, 15- and 24-, as well as 15- and 30-months old animals while Shannon's diversity, species richness and evenness indexes did not differ in both small and large intestine, respectively, between age groups. Concentrations of nitric oxide were significantly lower in small intestine of 15-, 24- and 30-months old mice compared to 2-months old mice while mRNA expression of the antimicrobial peptides defensin alpha 1 and lysozyme 1 was unchanged. In contrast, in liver tissue, older age of animals was associated with increasing inflammation and the development of fibrosis in 24- and 30-months old mice. Numbers of inflammatory foci and neutrophils in livers of 24- and 30-months old mice were significantly higher compared to 2-months old mice. These alterations were also associated with higher endotoxin levels in plasma as well as an increased mRNA expression of Lbp and Tlr1, Tlr2, Tlr4, Tlr6 and Tlr9 in livers in older mice. CONCLUSION Despite no consistent and robust changes of microbiota composition in small and/or large intestine of mice of different age were observed, our data suggest that alterations of markers of intestinal barrier function in small intestine are associated with an induction of several Tlrs and beginning hepatic inflammation in older mice and increase with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Kehm
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Annika Höhn
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Frahm
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto Wilhelm Witte
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Sánchez V, Brandt A, Jin CJ, Rajcic D, Engstler AJ, Jung F, Nier A, Baumann A, Bergheim I. Fortifying Butterfat with Soybean Oil Attenuates the Onset of Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Glucose Intolerance. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030959. [PMID: 33809593 PMCID: PMC8001628 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of plant oils such as soybean oil (S) to a diet rich in saturated fatty acids is discussed as a possible route to prevent or diminish the development of metabolic disease. Here, we assessed whether a butterfat-rich diet fortified with S affects the development of early non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and glucose intolerance. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard-control diet (C); a fat-, fructose-, and cholesterol-rich diet (FFC, 25E% butterfat, 50% (wt./wt.) fructose, 0.16% (wt./wt.) cholesterol); or FFC supplemented with S (FFC + S, 21E% butterfat + 4E% S) for 13 weeks. Indicators of liver damage, inflammation, intestinal barrier function, and glucose metabolism were measured. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged J774A.1 cells were incubated with linolenic and linoleic acids (ratio 1:7.1, equivalent to S). The development of early NASH and glucose intolerance was significantly attenuated in FFC + S–fed mice compared to FFC-fed mice associated with lower hepatic toll-like receptor-4 mRNA expression, while markers of intestinal barrier function were significantly higher than in C-fed mice. Linolenic and linoleic acid significantly attenuated LPS-induced formation of reactive nitrogen species and interleukin-1 beta mRNA expression in J774A.1 cells. Our results indicate that fortifying butterfat with S may attenuate the development of NASH and glucose intolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(1)-4277-54981; Fax: +43-1-4277-95-49
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23
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Hartstra AV, Schüppel V, Imangaliyev S, Schrantee A, Prodan A, Collard D, Levin E, Dallinga-Thie G, Ackermans MT, Winkelmeijer M, Havik SR, Metwaly A, Lagkouvardos I, Nier A, Bergheim I, Heikenwalder M, Dunkel A, Nederveen AJ, Liebisch G, Mancano G, Claus SP, Benítez-Páez A, la Fleur SE, Bergman JJ, Gerdes V, Sanz Y, Booij J, Kemper E, Groen AK, Serlie MJ, Haller D, Nieuwdorp M. Infusion of donor feces affects the gut-brain axis in humans with metabolic syndrome. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101076. [PMID: 32916306 PMCID: PMC7536740 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence indicates that intestinal microbiota play a role in diverse metabolic processes via intestinal butyrate production. Human bariatric surgery data suggest that the gut-brain axis is also involved in this process, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS We compared the effect of fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) from post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) donors vs oral butyrate supplementation on (123I-FP-CIT-determined) brain dopamine transporter (DAT) and serotonin transporter (SERT) binding as well as stable isotope-determined insulin sensitivity at baseline and after 4 weeks in 24 male and female treatment-naïve metabolic syndrome subjects. Plasma metabolites and fecal microbiota were also determined at these time points. RESULTS We observed an increase in brain DAT after donor FMT compared to oral butyrate that reduced this binding. However, no effect on body weight and insulin sensitivity was demonstrated after post-RYGB donor feces transfer in humans with metabolic syndrome. Increases in fecal levels of Bacteroides uniformis were significantly associated with an increase in DAT, whereas increases in Prevotella spp. showed an inverse association. Changes in the plasma metabolites glycine, betaine, methionine, and lysine (associated with the S-adenosylmethionine cycle) were also associated with altered striatal DAT expression. CONCLUSIONS Although more and larger studies are needed, our data suggest a potential gut microbiota-driven modulation of brain dopamine and serotonin transporters in human subjects with obese metabolic syndrome. These data also suggest the presence of a gut-brain axis in humans that can be modulated. NTR REGISTRATION 4488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick V Hartstra
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valentina Schüppel
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sultan Imangaliyev
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrei Prodan
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Didier Collard
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geesje Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariette T Ackermans
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike Winkelmeijer
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan R Havik
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amira Metwaly
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mancano
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine P Claus
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Alfonso Benítez-Páez
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques J Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Gerdes
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elles Kemper
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Schneider KM, Elfers C, Ghallab A, Schneider CV, Galvez EJC, Mohs A, Gui W, Candels LS, Wirtz TH, Zuehlke S, Spiteller M, Myllys M, Roulet A, Ouzerdine A, Lelouvier B, Kilic K, Liao L, Nier A, Latz E, Bergheim I, Thaiss CA, Hengstler JG, Strowig T, Trautwein C. Intestinal Dysbiosis Amplifies Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:909-933. [PMID: 33189892 PMCID: PMC7900526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute liver failure (ALF) represents an unmet medical need in Western countries. Although the link between intestinal dysbiosis and chronic liver disease is well-established, there is little evidence for a functional role of gut-liver interaction during ALF. Here we hypothesized that intestinal dysbiosis may affect ALF. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we assessed the association of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or long-term antibiotics (ABx) intake, which have both been linked to intestinal dysbiosis, and occurrence of ALF in the 500,000 participants of the UK BioBank population-based cohort. For functional studies, male Nlrp6-/- mice were used as a dysbiotic mouse model and injected with a sublethal dose of acetaminophen (APAP) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce ALF. RESULTS Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed a significantly increased risk (odds ratio, 2.3-3) for developing ALF in UK BioBank participants with PPI or ABx. Similarly, dysbiotic Nlrp6-/- mice displayed exacerbated APAP- and LPS-induced liver injury, which was linked to significantly reduced gut and liver tissue microbiota diversity and correlated with increased intestinal permeability at baseline. Fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) from Nlrp6-/- mice into wild-type (WT) mice augmented liver injury on APAP treatment in recipient WT mice, resembling the inflammatory phenotype of Nlrp6-/- mice. Specifically, FMT skewed monocyte polarization in WT mice toward a Ly6Chi inflammatory phenotype, suggesting a critical function of these cells as sensors of gut-derived signals orchestrating the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Our data show an important yet unknown function of intestinal microbiota during ALF. Intestinal dysbiosis was transferrable to healthy WT mice via FMT and aggravated liver injury. Our study highlights intestinal microbiota as a targetable risk factor for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Markus Schneider
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Microbiology; Institute for Immunology; and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carsten Elfers
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | | | - Eric J C Galvez
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; and Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antje Mohs
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wenfang Gui
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Sebastian Zuehlke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Institute of Experimental Research (INFU), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Spiteller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Institute of Experimental Research (INFU), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maiju Myllys
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Konrad Kilic
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lijun Liao
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute for Innate Immunity, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Microbiology; Institute for Immunology; and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; and Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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25
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Rajcic D, Brandt A, Jin CJ, Sánchez V, Engstler AJ, Jung F, Nier A, Baumann A, Bergheim I. Exchanging dietary fat source with extra virgin olive oil does not prevent progression of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237946. [PMID: 32881925 PMCID: PMC7470337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fat is discussed to be critical in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we assess the effect of exchanging dietary fat source from butterfat to extra virgin olive oil on the progression of an already existing diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a liquid butterfat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet (BFC, 25E% from butterfat) or control diet (C, 12%E from soybean oil) for 13 weeks. In week 9, fat sources of some BFC- and C-fed mice were switched either to 25E% or 12E% olive oil (OFC and CO). Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed, and markers of liver damage and glucose metabolism were assessed. After 6 weeks of feeding, BFC-fed mice had developed marked signs of insulin resistance, which progressed to week 12 being not affected by the exchange of fat sources. Liver damage was similar between BFC- and OFC-fed mice. Markers of lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation in liver and of insulin signaling in liver and muscle were also similarly altered in BFC- and OFC-fed mice. Taken together, our data suggest that exchanging butterfat with extra virgin olive oil has no effect on the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and glucose tolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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26
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Brandt A, Rajcic D, Jin CJ, Sánchez V, Engstler AJ, Jung F, Nier A, Baumann A, Bergheim I. Fortifying diet with rapeseed oil instead of butterfat attenuates the progression of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and impairment of glucose tolerance. Metabolism 2020; 109:154283. [PMID: 32497536 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Absolute dietary fat intake but even more so fatty acid pattern is discussed to be critical in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we determined if switching a butterfat enriched diet to a rapeseed oil (RO) enriched diet affects progression of an existing NAFLD and glucose intolerance in mice. METHODS For eight weeks, female C57Bl/6J mice were either fed a liquid control (C) or a butterfat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet (BFC, 25E% butterfat) to induce early signs of steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in mice. For additional five weeks mice received either BFC or C or a fat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich and control diet, in which butterfat was replaced with RO (ROFC and CRO). Markers of glucose metabolism, liver damage and intestinal barrier were assessed. RESULTS Exchanging butterfat with RO attenuated the progression of BFC diet-induced NAFLD and glucose intolerance. Beneficial effects of RO were associated with lower portal endotoxin levels and an attenuation of the induction of the toll-like receptor-4-dependent signaling cascades in liver. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activity was induced in small intestine of ROFC-fed mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, exchanging butterfat with RO attenuated the progression of diet-induced steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Traub J, Bergheim I, Horvath A, Stadlbauer V. Validation of Malnutrition Screening Tools in Liver Cirrhosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1306. [PMID: 32375271 PMCID: PMC7285209 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition in liver cirrhosis is frequently underestimated. To determine if a patient is at risk of malnutrition, several screening tools have been established. However, most of them are not validated for patients with liver cirrhosis. Therefore, we compared the RFH-NPT (Royal Free Hospital Nutritional Prioritizing Tool) as the validated gold standard for malnutrition screening in cirrhosis patients with GMS (Graz Malnutrition Screening), NRS-2002 (Nutritional Risk Screening) and MNA-SF (Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form). Based on common validity criteria for screening tools, only the MNA-SF showed fair correlation (12/15 points) with the RFH-NPT, whereas NRS-2002 and GMS performed worse (6/15 points). Taken together, our results suggest that NRS-2002 and GMS are not suitable for screening of malnutrition in cirrhosis patients. A cirrhosis-specific screening tool like RFH-NPT should be used to assess malnutrition and to identify those at risk of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Traub
- Department of Clinical Medical Nutrition, University Hospital Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, RF Molecular Nutritional Science, University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Angela Horvath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
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Stengel S, Quickert S, Lutz P, Ibidapo-Obe O, Steube A, Köse-Vogel N, Yarbakht M, Reuken PA, Busch M, Brandt A, Bergheim I, Deshmukh SD, Stallmach A, Bruns T. Peritoneal Level of CD206 Associates With Mortality and an Inflammatory Macrophage Phenotype in Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1745-1761. [PMID: 31982413 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Peritoneal macrophages (PMs) regulate inflammation and control bacterial infections in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. We aimed to characterize PMs and associate their activation with outcomes of patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). METHODS We isolated PMs from ascites samples of 66 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (19 with SBP) and analyzed them by flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, functional analysis, and RNA microarrays. We used ascites samples of a separate cohort of 111 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (67 with SBP) and quantified the soluble form of the mannose receptor (CD206) and tumor necrosis factor by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (test cohort). We performed logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with 90-day mortality. We validated our findings using data from 71 patients with cirrhosis and SBP. Data from 14 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal disease but without cirrhosis were included as controls. RESULTS We used surface levels of CD206 to identify subsets of large PMs (LPM) and small PMs (SPM), which differed in granularity and maturation markers, in ascites samples from patients with cirrhosis. LPMs vs SPMs from patients with cirrhosis had different transcriptomes; we identified more than 4000 genes that were differentially regulated in LPMs vs SPMs, including those that regulate the cycle, metabolism, self-renewal, and immune cell signaling. LPMs had an inflammatory phenotype, were less susceptible to tolerance induction, and released more tumor necrosis factor than SPMs. LPMs from patients with cirrhosis produced more inflammatory cytokines than LPMs from controls. Activation of PMs by Toll-like receptor agonists and live bacteria altered levels of CD206 on the surface of LPMs and release of soluble CD206. Analysis of serial ascites fluid from patients with SBP revealed loss of LPMs in the early phase of SBP, but levels increased after treatment. In the test and validation cohorts, patients with SBP and higher concentrations of soluble CD206 in ascites fluid (>0.53 mg/L) were less likely to survive for 90 days than those with lower levels. CONCLUSIONS Surface level of CD206 can be used to identify mature, resident, inflammatory PMs in patients with cirrhosis. Soluble CD206 is released from activated LPMs and increased concentrations in patients with cirrhosis and SBP indicate reduced odds of surviving for 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Stengel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Quickert
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oluwatomi Ibidapo-Obe
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Arndt Steube
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Nilay Köse-Vogel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Melina Yarbakht
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp A Reuken
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Busch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sachin D Deshmukh
- The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Jin CJ, Baumann A, Brandt A, Engstler AJ, Nier A, Hege M, Schmeer C, Kehm R, Höhn A, Grune T, Witte OW, Bergheim I. Aging-related liver degeneration is associated with increased bacterial endotoxin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein levels. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G736-G747. [PMID: 32090603 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00345.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor in the development of many diseases, including liver-related diseases. The two aims of the present study were 1) to determine how aging affects liver health in mice in the absence of any interventions and 2) if degenerations observed in relation to blood endotoxin levels are critical in aging-associated liver degeneration. Endotoxin levels and markers of liver damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and apoptosis as well as the Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr-4) signaling cascade were studied in liver tissue and blood, respectively, of 3- and 24-mo-old male C57BL/6J mice. In a second set of experiments, 3- to 4-mo-old and 14-mo-old female lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP)-/- mice and littermates fed standard chow, markers of liver damage, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial dysfunction were assessed. Plasma activity of aspartate aminotransferase and histological signs of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were significantly higher in old C57BL/6J mice than in young animals. The number of neutrophils, CD8α-positive cells, and mRNA expression of markers of apoptosis were also significantly higher in livers of old C57BL/6J mice compared with young animals, being also associated with a significant induction of hepatic Tlr-4 and LBP expression as well as higher endotoxin levels in peripheral blood. Compared with age-matched littermates, LBP-/- mice display less signs of senescence in liver. Taken together, our data suggest that, despite being fed standard chow, old mice developed liver inflammation and beginning fibrosis and that bacterial endotoxin may play a critical role herein.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Old age in mice is associated with marked signs of liver degeneration, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis. Aging-associated liver degeneration is associated with elevated bacterial endotoxin levels and an induction of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and Toll-like receptor 4-dependent signaling cascades in liver tissue. Furthermore, in old aged LBP-/- mice, markers of senescence seem to be lessened, supporting the hypothesis that bacterial endotoxin levels might be critical in aging-associated decline of liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Baumann
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Brandt
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anika Nier
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne Hege
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Schmeer
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Richard Kehm
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Annika Höhn
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Andre P, Bergheim I, Weber D, Brandt A, Helmer C, Féart C. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein, marqueur de l’activation immunitaire en réponse aux LPS, et syndrome métabolique chez la personne âgée. NUTR CLIN METAB 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2020.02.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Traub J, Bergheim I, Eibisberger M, Stadlbauer V. Sarcopenia and Liver Cirrhosis-Comparison of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia Criteria 2010 and 2019. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020547. [PMID: 32093198 PMCID: PMC7071440 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Working group on Sarcopenia in Older People recently updated the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. It is yet unclear how these modified criteria influence the rate of diagnosis in high risk populations, such as liver cirrhosis. We therefore assessed if the new diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia impacts on sarcopenia prevalence in liver cirrhosis. Within two years 114 cirrhotic patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. Sarcopenia was determined by muscle strength (handgrip strength), muscle mass (lumbal muscle index) and muscle performance (gait speed). Using the 2019 definition, the rate of pre-sarcopenia was significantly lower (30.7% versus 3.5%) due to the different starting points (2010 muscle mass, 2019 muscle strength) and cut-off values (muscle strength). The change in diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia drastically influences the rate of pre-sarcopenia diagnosis in cirrhotics. To evaluate, which diagnostic criteria should be chosen to diagnose sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis patients, prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Traub
- Department of Clinical Medical Nutrition, University Hospital Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, RF Molecular Nutritional Science, University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Eibisberger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology und Hepatology Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43 316-385-82282
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Bordoni L, Gabbianelli R, Fedeli D, Fiorini D, Bergheim I, Jin CJ, Marinelli L, Di Stefano A, Nasuti C. Positive effect of an electrolyzed reduced water on gut permeability, fecal microbiota and liver in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223238. [PMID: 31600256 PMCID: PMC6786615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing awareness within the scientific community of the strong connection between the inflammation in the intestine and the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In previous studies we developed a PD animal model exposing pup rats to permethrin (PERM) pesticide. Here, we intended to explore whether in our animal model there were changes in gut permeability, fecal microbiota and hepatic injury. Moreover, we tested if the co-treatment with an electrolyzed reduced (ERW) was effective to protect against alterations induced by PERM. Rats (from postnatal day 6 to 21) were gavaged daily with PERM, PERM+ERW or vehicle and gut, liver and feces were analyzed in 2-months-old rats. Increased gut permeability, measured by FITC-dextran assay, was detected in PERM group compared to control and PERM+ERW groups. In duodenum and ileum, concentration of occludin was higher in control group than those measured in PERM group, whereas only in duodenum ZO-1 was higher in control than those measured in PERM and PERM+ERW groups. Number of inflammatory focis and neutrophils as well as iNOS protein levels were higher in livers of PERM-treated rats than in those of PERM+ERW and control rats. Fecal microbiota analysis revealed that Lachnospira was less abundant and Defluviitaleaceae more abundant in the PERM group, whereas the co-treatment with ERW was protective against PERM treatment since the abundances in Lachnospira and Defluviitaleaceae were similar to those in the control group. Higher abundances of butyrate- producing bacteria such as Blautia, U.m. of Lachnospiraceae family, U.m. of Ruminococcaceae family, Papillibacter, Roseburia, Intestinimonas, Shuttleworthia together with higher butyric acid levels were detected in PERM+ERW group compared to the other groups. In conclusion, the PD animal model showed increased intestinal permeability together with hepatic inflammation correlated with altered gut microbiota. The positive effects of ERW co-treatment observed in gut, liver and brain of rats were linked to changes on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- School of Pharmacy, Molecular Biology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- School of Pharmacy, Molecular Biology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Donatella Fedeli
- School of Pharmacy, Molecular Biology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Dennis Fiorini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, RF Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of "G. D’Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Nasuti
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Traub J, Bergheim I, Stadlbauer V. SUN-PO066: Comparison of the Definition of Sarcopenia on Cirrhotic Patients Regarding the European Consensus Values 2010 and 2019. Clin Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(19)32700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hernández-Arriaga A, Baumann A, Witte OW, Frahm C, Bergheim I, Camarinha-Silva A. Changes in Oral Microbial Ecology of C57BL/6 Mice at Different Ages Associated with Sampling Methodology. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090283. [PMID: 31443509 PMCID: PMC6780121 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouth is an important niche for bacterial colonization. Previous research used mouth microbiota to predict diseases like colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is still unclear how the sampling methodology influences microbial characterization. Our aim was to determine if the sampling methods, e.g., cotton swab or tissue biopsy, and the age influence the oral microbial composition of mice. Microbial DNA was extracted using a commercial kit and characterized targeting the 16s rRNA gene from mouth swabs and tissue biopsies from 2 and 15 months old C57BL/6 male mice kept in the same SPF facility. Our results show statistical different microbial community of the different ages, type of sampling, and the two fixed factors age x type of sample (p-value < 0.05). At the genus level, we identified that the genera Actinobacillus, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus either increase or decrease in abundance depending on sampling and age. Additionally, the abundance of Streptococcus danieliae, Moraxella osloensis, and some unclassified Streptococcus was affected by the sampling method. While swab and tissue biopsies both identified the common colonizers of oral microbiota, cotton swabbing is a low-cost and practical method, validating the use of the swab as the preferred oral sampling approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Christiane Frahm
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Liao L, Schneider KM, Galvez EJC, Frissen M, Marschall HU, Su H, Hatting M, Wahlström A, Haybaeck J, Puchas P, Mohs A, Peng J, Bergheim I, Nier A, Hennings J, Reißing J, Zimmermann HW, Longerich T, Strowig T, Liedtke C, Cubero FJ, Trautwein C. Intestinal dysbiosis augments liver disease progression via NLRP3 in a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut 2019; 68:1477-1492. [PMID: 30872395 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a striking association between human cholestatic liver disease (CLD) and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the functional implications for intestinal microbiota and inflammasome-mediated innate immune response in CLD remain elusive. Here we investigated the functional role of gut-liver crosstalk for CLD in the murine Mdr2 knockout (Mdr2-/-) model resembling human primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). DESIGN Male Mdr2-/-, Mdr2-/- crossed with hepatocyte-specific deletion of caspase-8 (Mdr2-/- /Casp8∆hepa) and wild-type (WT) control mice were housed for 8 or 52 weeks, respectively, to characterise the impact of Mdr2 deletion on liver and gut including bile acid and microbiota profiling. To block caspase activation, a pan-caspase inhibitor (IDN-7314) was administered. Finally, the functional role of Mdr2-/- -associated intestinal dysbiosis was studied by microbiota transfer experiments. RESULTS Mdr2-/- mice displayed an unfavourable intestinal microbiota signature and pronounced NLRP3 inflammasome activation within the gut-liver axis. Intestinal dysbiosis in Mdr2-/- mice prompted intestinal barrier dysfunction and increased bacterial translocation amplifying the hepatic NLRP3-mediated innate immune response. Transfer of Mdr2-/- microbiota into healthy WT control mice induced significant liver injury in recipient mice, highlighting the causal role of intestinal dysbiosis for disease progression. Strikingly, IDN-7314 dampened inflammasome activation, ameliorated liver injury, reversed serum bile acid profile and cholestasis-associated microbiota signature. CONCLUSIONS MDR2-associated cholestasis triggers intestinal dysbiosis. In turn, translocation of endotoxin into the portal vein and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation contribute to higher liver injury. This process does not essentially depend on caspase-8 in hepatocytes, but can be blocked by IDN-7314.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liao
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Eric J C Galvez
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mick Frissen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huan Su
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hatting
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annika Wahlström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Pathology, Graz, Austria
| | - Philip Puchas
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Universitat Graz, Graz, Steiermark, Azerbaijan
| | - Antje Mohs
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Molecular Nutritional Science Division, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anika Nier
- Molecular Nutritional Science Division, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Hennings
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johanna Reißing
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, UniversitatsKlinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Francisco J Cubero
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Nier A, Brandt A, Baumann A, Conzelmann IB, Özel Y, Bergheim I. Metabolic Abnormalities in Normal Weight Children Are Associated with Increased Visceral Fat Accumulation, Elevated Plasma Endotoxin Levels and a Higher Monosaccharide Intake. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030652. [PMID: 30889844 PMCID: PMC6470572 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Being overweight has been identified as the main risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders in adults and children. However, recent studies suggest that normal weight individuals are also frequently affected by metabolic abnormalities with underlying mechanisms not yet fully understood. The aim of the present study was to determine if dietary pattern and markers of intestinal permeability, as well as inflammation, differ between normal weight healthy children and normal weight children suffering from metabolic abnormalities. In total, 45 normal weight children aged 5–9 years were included in the study, of whom nine suffered from metabolic abnormalities. Anthropometric data, dietary intake and markers of inflammation, as well as intestinal permeability, were assessed in fasting blood samples. Neither BMI nor BMI-SDS differed between groups; however, children with metabolic abnormalities had a significantly larger waist circumference (+~5 cm) and a higher leptin to adiponectin ratio. While plasma leptin levels are significantly higher in normal weight children with metabolic abnormalities, neither TNF α nor sCD14, adiponectin, PAI-1 or IL-6 plasma levels differed between groups. Despite similar total calorie and macronutrient intake between groups, mean total fructose and total glucose intake (resulting mainly from sugar sweetened beverages, fruits and sweets) were higher in children with metabolic abnormalities than in healthy children. Time spent physically active was significantly higher in healthy normal weight children whereas time spent physically inactive was similar between groups. Furthermore, bacterial endotoxin levels were significantly higher in the peripheral plasma of normal weight children with metabolic abnormalities than in healthy normal weight children. Our results suggest that metabolic disorders in normal weight children are associated with a high monosaccharide intake and elevated bacterial endotoxin as well as leptin plasma levels, the latter also discussed as being indicative of visceral adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ina Barbara Conzelmann
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, (180), University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Yelda Özel
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, (180), University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Schattenberg JM, Bergheim I. Nutritional Intake and the Risk for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030588. [PMID: 30862016 PMCID: PMC6470721 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ina Bergheim
- RA Molecular Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr.14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Nier A, Brandt A, Rajcic D, Bruns T, Bergheim I. Short-Term Isocaloric Intake of a Fructose- but not Glucose-Rich Diet Affects Bacterial Endotoxin Concentrations and Markers of Metabolic Health in Normal Weight Healthy Subjects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800868. [PMID: 30570214 PMCID: PMC6590154 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary pattern and impairments of intestinal barrier function are discussed to be critical in the development of metabolic impairments. Here, it is determined if an isocaloric exchange of complex carbohydrates with monosaccharides affects markers of intestinal permeability and metabolic health in healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS After a dietary standardization for 4 days, all 12 subjects aged 21-33 years receive an isocaloric fructose- and glucose-enriched diet for 3 days separated by a wash-out phase. Anthropometry, blood pressure, markers of intestinal permeability and metabolic as well as inflammatory parameters are determined in blood samples or isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected at baseline, after standardizations and the monosaccharide interventions, respectively. While anthropometric and inflammatory parameters are not changed, the intake of an isocaloric fructose- but not glucose-enriched diet is associated with a significant increase of bacterial endotoxin plasma levels and alanine aminotransferase activity in serum, while total plasma nitrate/nitrite concentrations are significantly decreased. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Toll like receptors 4, 2, and MYD88 mRNA expressions are significantly induced after the fructose-rich but not the glucose-rich diet. CONCLUSION In metabolically healthy subjects, even a short-term intake of a fructose-rich diet can elevate bacterial endotoxin levels and change markers of liver health and vascular endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
- SD Model Systems of Molecular NutritionInstitute of NutritionFriedrich–Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
- SD Model Systems of Molecular NutritionInstitute of NutritionFriedrich–Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine IVUniversity Hospital Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
- SD Model Systems of Molecular NutritionInstitute of NutritionFriedrich–Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
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Jahn D, Dorbath D, Kircher S, Nier A, Bergheim I, Lenaerts K, Hermanns HM, Geier A. Beneficial Effects of Vitamin D Treatment in an Obese Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010077. [PMID: 30609782 PMCID: PMC6356425 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum vitamin D levels negatively correlate with obesity and associated disorders such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanisms linking low vitamin D (VD) status to disease progression are not completely understood. In this study, we analyzed the effect of VD treatment on NASH in mice. C57BL6/J mice were fed a high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFSD) containing low amounts of VD for 16 weeks to induce obesity, NASH and liver fibrosis. The effects of preventive and interventional VD treatment were studied on the level of liver histology and hepatic/intestinal gene expression. Interestingly, preventive and to a lesser extent also interventional VD treatment resulted in improvements of liver histology. This included a significant decrease of steatosis, a trend towards lower non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score and a slight non-significant decrease of fibrosis in the preventive treatment group. In line with these changes, preventive VD treatment reduced the hepatic expression of lipogenic, inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes. Notably, these beneficial effects occurred in conjunction with a reduction of intestinal inflammation. Together, our observations suggest that timely initiation of VD supplementation (preventive vs. interventional) is a critical determinant of treatment outcome in NASH. In the applied animal model, the improvements of liver histology occurred in conjunction with reduced inflammation in the gut, suggesting a potential relevance of vitamin D as a therapeutic agent acting on the gut⁻liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jahn
- Division of Hepatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Donata Dorbath
- Division of Hepatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Kaatje Lenaerts
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Heike M Hermanns
- Division of Hepatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of Hepatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
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40
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Mahli A, Koch A, Fresse K, Schiergens T, Thasler WE, Schönberger C, Bergheim I, Bosserhoff A, Hellerbrand C. Iso-alpha acids from hops (Humulus lupulus) inhibit hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1614-1626. [PMID: 30089858 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Iso-alpha acids (IAAs), hop-derived bitter compounds in beer, have been shown to beneficially affect different components of the metabolic syndrome such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. However, IAAs have not yet been studied in the context of chronic liver disease. Here we analyzed the effect of IAA on the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Once, we applied IAA to mice in combination with a NAFLD-inducing Western-type diet (WTD), and observed that IAA significantly inhibited WTD-induced body weight gain, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis. Fitting to this, IAA dose-dependently inhibited cellular lipid accumulation in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) in vitro. Reduced expression of PPAR-gamma and key enzymes of lipid synthesis as well as increased expression of PPAR-alpha, indicative for increased lipid combustion, were identified as underlying mechanisms of reduced hepatocellular steatosis in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of hepatic HMOX1 expression indicated reduced oxidative stress in IAA-treated mice, which was paralleled by reduced activation of the JNK pathway and pro-inflammatory gene expression and immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, IAA reduced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and pro-fibrogenic gene expression. Similarly, IAA also dose-dependently reduced oxidative stress and JNK activation in steatotic PHH, inhibited HSC activation, and reduced proliferation and pro-fibrogenic gene expression in already activated HSC in vitro. In conclusion, IAAs inhibit different pathophysiological steps of disease progression in NAFLD. Together with previous studies, which demonstrated the safety of even long-term application of IAA in humans, our data suggest IAA as promising therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of (non)alcoholic (fatty) liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Mahli
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Koch
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kim Fresse
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Schiergens
- Biobank o.b. HTCR, Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Erwin Thasler
- Biobank o.b. HTCR, Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Steinbrenner H, Micoogullari M, Hoang NA, Bergheim I, Klotz LO, Sies H. Selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) is a marker of mature adipocytes. Redox Biol 2018; 20:489-495. [PMID: 30469030 PMCID: PMC6249406 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) has recently been reported to catalyse the oxidation of methanethiol, an organosulfur compound produced by gut microbiota. Two of the reaction products of methanethiol oxidation, hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen sulphide, serve as signalling molecules for cell differentiation. Indeed, colonocyte differentiation has been found to be associated with SELENBP1 induction. Here, we show that SELENBP1 is induced when 3T3-L1 preadipocytes undergo terminal differentiation and maturation to adipocytes. SELENBP1 induction succeeded the up-regulation of known marker proteins of white adipocytes and the intracellular accumulation of lipids. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed predominant cytoplasmic localisation of SELENBP1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as demonstrated by co-staining with the key lipogenic enzyme, acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACC), located in cytosol. In differentiating 3T3-L1 cells, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) likewise suppressed SELENBP1 induction, adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. However, lipid accumulation per se is not linked to SELENBP1 induction, as hepatic SELENBP1 was down-regulated in high fructose-fed mice despite increased lipogenesis in the liver and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In conclusion, SELENBP1 is a marker of cell differentiation/maturation rather than being linked to lipogenesis/lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Steinbrenner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrigenomics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - Mustafa Micoogullari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ngoc Anh Hoang
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrigenomics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lars-Oliver Klotz
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrigenomics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmut Sies
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
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42
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Nier A, Brandt A, Conzelmann IB, Özel Y, Bergheim I. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight Children: Role of Fructose Intake and Dietary Pattern. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091329. [PMID: 30235828 PMCID: PMC6165138 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of nutrition and diet in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still not fully understood. In the present study, we determined if dietary pattern and markers of intestinal permeability differ between overweight children with and without NAFLD. In addition, in a feasibility study, we assessed the effect of a moderate dietary intervention only focusing on nutrients identified to differ between groups on markers of intestinal barrier function and health status. Anthropometric data, dietary intake, metabolic parameters, and markers of inflammation, as well as of intestinal permeability, were assessed in overweight children (n = 89, aged 5⁻9) and normal-weight healthy controls (n = 36, aged 5⁻9). Sixteen children suffered from early signs of NAFLD, e.g., steatosis grade 1 as determined by ultrasound. Twelve children showing early signs of NAFLD were enrolled in the intervention study (n = 6 intervention, n = 6 control). Body mass index (BMI), BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), and waist circumference were significantly higher in NAFLD children than in overweight children without NAFLD. Levels of bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and proinflammatory markers like interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were also significantly higher in overweight children with NAFLD compared to those without. Total energy and carbohydrate intake were higher in NAFLD children than in those without. The higher carbohydrate intake mainly resulted from a higher total fructose and glucose intake derived from a significantly higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. When counseling children with NAFLD regarding fructose intake (four times, 30⁻60 min within 1 year; one one-on-one counseling and three group counselings), neither alanine aminotransferase (ALT) nor aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in serum changed; however, diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) and bacterial endotoxin levels (p = 0.06) decreased markedly in the intervention group after one year. Similar changes were not found in uncounseled children. Our results suggest that a sugar-rich diet might contribute to the development of early stages of NAFLD in overweight children, and that moderate dietary counseling might improve the metabolic status of overweight children with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ina Barbara Conzelmann
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, (180), University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Yelda Özel
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, (180), University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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43
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Pierri L, Saggese P, Guercio Nuzio S, Troisi J, Di Stasi M, Poeta M, Savastano R, Marchese G, Tarallo R, Massa G, Ciccone V, Ziegenhardt D, Cavallo P, Bergheim I, Weisz A, Vajro P. Relations of gut liver axis components and gut microbiota in obese children with fatty liver: A pilot study. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2018; 42:387-390. [PMID: 29773420 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pierri
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Sa), Italy.
| | - Pasquale Saggese
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (Sa), Italy
| | - Salvatore Guercio Nuzio
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Sa), Italy
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Sa), Italy; Laboratory of Metabolomics Theoreo, 84090 Montecorvino Pugliano (Sa), Italy
| | - Martina Di Stasi
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Sa), Italy
| | - Marco Poeta
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Sa), Italy
| | - Riccardo Savastano
- University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marchese
- Genomix4life Srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (Sa), Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (Sa), Italy
| | - Grazia Massa
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Sa), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ciccone
- University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Doreen Ziegenhardt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstr, 14 (UZA2), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierpaolo Cavallo
- Department of Physics, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Sa), Italy
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstr, 14 (UZA2), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (Sa), Italy; University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Sa), Italy; University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", 84131 Salerno, Italy; European Laboratory of Food Induced Intestinal Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
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44
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Guercio Nuzio S, Di Stasi M, Pierri L, Troisi J, Poeta M, Bisogno A, Belmonte F, Tripodi M, Di Salvio D, Massa G, Savastano R, Cavallo P, Boffardi M, Ziegenhardt D, Bergheim I, Mandato C, Vajro P. Multiple gut-liver axis abnormalities in children with obesity with and without hepatic involvement. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12:446-452. [PMID: 27350543 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut-liver axis (GLA) dysfunction appears to play a role in obesity and obesity-related hepatic complications. OBJECTIVES This study sought to concurrently explore several GLA components in a paediatric obese population with/without liver disease. METHODS Thirty-two children (mean age 11.2 years) were enrolled: nine controls with normal weight and 23 patients with obesity (OB+). Of the 23 patients OB(+), 12 had not steatosis (ST-), and 11 had steatosis (ST+) (associated [n = 8] or not [n = 3] with hypertransaminasaemia [ALT +/-]). Subjects were characterized by using auxologic, ultrasonographic and laboratory parameters. A glucose hydrogen breath test was performed to test for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, a urinary lactulose/mannitol ratio (LMR) was obtained to assess intestinal permeability, and tests for transaminases, blood endogenous ethanol, endotoxin and faecal calprotectin were also conducted. RESULTS Eleven out of 23 patients OB(+) (p < 0.05) exhibited pathological (>90th percentile of the control group values) LMR, with values paralleling the grade of liver involvement (normal weight < OB[+] < OB[+]ST[+]ALT[-] < OB[+)]ST[+]ALT[+] [p < 0.05]). LMR significantly correlated with ethanolaemia (r = 0.38, p = 0.05) and endotoxaemia (r = 0.48, p = 0.015) concentrations. Increased permeability was a risk factor for the development of steatosis (p < 0.002). SIBO was present only in patients with obesity. Faecal calprotectin concentrations were within normal limits in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS Increased permeability, endogenous ethanol and systemic endotoxin concentrations reflect some GLA dysfunction in obesity and its hepatic complications. Pending further results to establish their potential causative roles, the modulation of the GLA appears to represent a possible target for the prevention and treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guercio Nuzio
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - M Di Stasi
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - L Pierri
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - J Troisi
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Laboratory of Metabolomics Theoreo, Pugliano, Italy
| | - M Poeta
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - A Bisogno
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - F Belmonte
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - M Tripodi
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - D Di Salvio
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - G Massa
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - R Savastano
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - P Cavallo
- Department of Physics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - M Boffardi
- Laboratory, Section of Cava dei Tirreni, AOU Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - D Ziegenhardt
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - I Bergheim
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - C Mandato
- Department of Pediatrics, AORN Santobono - Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
| | - P Vajro
- Pediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,European Laboratory for Food Induced Intestinal Disease (ELFID), Naples, Italy.,8 AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
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45
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Sellmann C, Baumann A, Brandt A, Jin CJ, Nier A, Bergheim I. Oral Supplementation of Glutamine Attenuates the Progression of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in C57BL/6J Mice. J Nutr 2017; 147:2041-2049. [PMID: 28931589 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.253815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Universally accepted therapeutic strategies for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are still lacking. Studies suggest a preventive effect of oral Gln supplementation on the development of NASH; however, whether Gln also has therapeutic potential for pre-existing NASH has not yet been clarified.Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine whether Gln prevents the progression of diet-induced NASH in mice.Methods: For 8 wk, female C57BL/6J mice (6-8 wk old) were pair-fed a liquid Western-style diet [WSD, 25% of energy from fat, 50% wt:wt fructose, 0.16% wt:wt cholesterol] or control diet (C diet) to induce liver damage. From week 8 to 13, they were pair-fed the C diet or WSD alone or supplemented with l-Gln to provide 2.1 g/kg body weight (C diet + Gln or WSD + Gln). Energy intake was adjusted to the group with the lowest energy intake. Indexes of liver damage and inflammation, intestinal barrier function, and toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) signaling in the liver were determined.Results: The liver histology scores significantly increased from 8 to 13 wk (+31%) in WSD-fed mice and were significantly higher than in controls (P ≤ 0.05 for both time comparisons), whereas scores did not differ between C diet-fed and WSD + Gln-fed mice after 13 wk of feeding. The occludin protein concentrations in the small intestinal tissue were similarly reduced in both WSD-fed groups when compared with controls [WSD compared with C diet (-53%) and C diet + Gln (-42%), P ≤ 0.05; WSD + Gln compared with C diet + Gln (-34%), P ≤ 0.05] after 13 wk, whereas the expression of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 mRNA and concentration of inducible nitric oxide synthase and 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts were significantly higher only in livers of WSD-fed mice (P ≤ 0.05 for the WSD group compared with all other groups; WSD + Gln group compared with the C diet groups: NS).Conclusion: Taken together, our data suggest that oral Gln supplementation protects mice from the progression of pre-existing, WSD-induced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Sellmann
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; and
| | - Anja Baumann
- Molecular Nutritional Science Division, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Brandt
- Molecular Nutritional Science Division, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; and
| | - Anika Nier
- Molecular Nutritional Science Division, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; and .,Molecular Nutritional Science Division, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Bergheim I. S06-1EFFECT OF ISO-ALPHA-ACIDS, BITTER ACIDS IN BEER, ON ACUTE ALCOHOL-INDUCED LIVER INJURY. Alcohol Alcohol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx075.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jung F, Lippmann T, Engstler AJ, Brandt A, Jin CJ, Bergheim I. PO4-3EFFECT OF MODERATE BEER CONSUMPTION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: STUDIES IN MICE. Alcohol Alcohol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx074.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Brandt A, Jin CJ, Nolte K, Sellmann C, Engstler AJ, Bergheim I. Short-Term Intake of a Fructose-, Fat- and Cholesterol-Rich Diet Causes Hepatic Steatosis in Mice: Effect of Antibiotic Treatment. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9091013. [PMID: 28906444 PMCID: PMC5622773 DOI: 10.3390/nu9091013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota and barrier functions seem to play an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether these changes are an early event in the development of NAFLD or are primarily associated with later stages of the disease, has not yet been clarified. Using a pair-feeding model, we determined the effects of a short-term intake of a fat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet (FFC) on the development of early hepatic steatosis and markers of intestinal barrier function in mice treated with and without non-resorbable antibiotics (AB). For four days, C57BL/6J mice were either pair-fed a control diet or a FFC diet ± AB (92 mg/kg body weight (BW) polymyxin B and 216 mg/kg BW neomycin). Hepatic steatosis and markers of inflammation, lipidperoxidation and intestinal barrier function were assessed. Lipid accumulation and early signs of inflammation found in the livers of FFC-fed mice were markedly attenuated in FFC + AB-fed animals. In FFC-fed mice the development of NAFLD was associated with a significant loss of tight junction proteins and an induction of matrix metalloproteinase-13 in the upper parts of the small intestine as well as significantly higher portal endotoxin levels and an induction of dependent signaling cascades in the liver. As expected, portal endotoxin levels and the expression of dependent signaling cascades in liver tissue were almost at the level of controls in FFC + AB-fed mice. However, FFC + AB-fed mice were also protected from the loss of zonula occludens-1 and partially of occludin protein in small intestine. Our data suggest that the development of early diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice at least in part results from alterations of intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Katja Nolte
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Cathrin Sellmann
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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Nier A, Engstler AJ, Maier IB, Bergheim I. Markers of intestinal permeability are already altered in early stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Studies in children. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183282. [PMID: 28880885 PMCID: PMC5589126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Recent studies have shown that patients with manifest non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), e.g. steatosis grade 3 or steatohepatitis with or without beginning fibrosis frequently show altered fecal microbiota composition and elevated bacterial endotoxin levels. However, if these alterations are signs of a progressing disease or are already found in initial disease stages has not yet been clarified. Methods Twenty children with simple steatosis (grade 1) diagnosed by ultrasound and 29 normal weight healthy control children (age <10 years) were included in the study (mean age 7.6 ± 1.1 years). Metabolic parameters, markers of intestinal barrier function and inflammation were determined. Results Activity of alanine aminotransferase, concentrations of some markers of inflammation and insulin resistance were significantly higher in plasma of NAFLD children than in controls. When compared to controls, plasma bacterial endotoxin and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels were significantly higher in NAFLD children (+50% and +24%, respectively), while soluble CD14 serum and D-lactate plasma levels as well as the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth did not differ between groups. Plasma endotoxin and LBP levels were positive associated with proinflammatory markers like plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, c-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and leptin while no associations with markers of insulin resistance were found. Conclusions Taken together, our results indicate that even in juvenile patients with early stages of NAFLD e.g. simple steatosis grade 1, plasma endotoxin concentrations are already elevated further suggesting that intestinal barrier dysfunction might be present already in the initial phases of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ina Barbara Maier
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, (180), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
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50
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Hege M, Jung F, Sellmann C, Jin C, Ziegenhardt D, Hellerbrand C, Bergheim I. An iso-α-acid-rich extract from hops (Humulus lupulus) attenuates acute alcohol-induced liver steatosis in mice. Nutrition 2017; 45:68-75. [PMID: 29129239 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Results of in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that consumption of beer is less harmful for the liver than consumption of spirits. It also has been suggested that secondary plant compounds derived from hops such as xanthohumol or iso-α-acids may have beneficial effects on the development of liver diseases of various etiologies. The aim of this study was to determine whether iso-α-acids consumed in doses achieved by "normal" beer consumption have beneficial effects on health. METHODS Female C57 Bl/6 J mice, pretreated for 4 d with an iso-α-acid-rich extract (∼30% iso-α-acids from hops, 0.75 mg/kg body weight), were fed one bolus of ethanol (6 g/kg body weight intragastric) or an iso-caloric maltodextrin solution. Markers of liver damage, toll-like receptor-4 signaling, and lipid peroxidation were determined. Furthermore, the effect of isohumulone on the lipopolysaccharide-dependent activation of J774 A.1 macrophages, used as a model of Kupffer cells, was determined. RESULTS In the liver, acute ethanol administration led to a significant accumulation of fat (∼10-fold), which was accompanied by significantly higher inducible nitric oxide synthase protein level, elevated nitric oxide production, and increased plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 protein concentration when compared to controls. In mice pretreated with iso-α-acids, these effects of alcohol were markedly attenuated. Pretreatment of J774 A.1 macrophages with isohumulone significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-6 as well as the release of nitric oxide. CONCLUSION Taken together, iso-α-acids markedly attenuated the development of acute alcohol-induced damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Hege
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Finn Jung
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cathrin Sellmann
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Chengjun Jin
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Doreen Ziegenhardt
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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