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Xu D, Yang S, Wang Y, Gu Y, Xing D. Noninvasive and high-resolving photoacoustic dermoscopy of human skin. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:2095-102. [PMID: 27375929 PMCID: PMC4918567 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We proposed and developed a photoacoustic (PA) dermoscope equipped with an integrated PA probe to achieve quantification and high-resolution, high-contrast deep imaging of human skin. The PA probe, with light-sound confocal excitation and reception, is specially designed, and integrated with an objective lens, an ultrasound transducer, and an inverted-triangle coupling cup to facilitate convenient implementation in a clinical setting. The PA dermoscope was utilized for noninvasive and high-resolution imaging of epidermal and dermal structure in volunteers. The imaging results demonstrated that the characteristic parameters of skin disease, including pigment distribution and thickness, vascular diameter, and depth, can be obtained by the PA dermoscope, confirming that PA dermoscopy can serve as a potential tool for the diagnosis and curative effect evaluation of human skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
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Choi B, Tan W, Jia W, White SM, Moy WJ, Yang BY, Zhu J, Chen Z, Kelly KM, Nelson JS. The Role of Laser Speckle Imaging in Port-Wine Stain Research: Recent Advances and Opportunities. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2016; 2016:6800812. [PMID: 27013846 PMCID: PMC4800318 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2015.2493961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, we review our current knowledge on the etiology and treatment of port-wine stain (PWS) birthmarks. Current treatment options have significant limitations in terms of efficacy. With the combination of 1) a suitable preclinical microvascular model, 2) laser speckle imaging (LSI) to evaluate blood-flow dynamics, and 3) a longitudinal experimental design, rapid preclinical assessment of new phototherapies can be translated from the lab to the clinic. The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and pulsed-dye laser (PDL) irradiation achieves a synergistic effect that reduces the required radiant exposures of the individual phototherapies to achieve persistent vascular shutdown. PDL combined with anti-angiogenic agents is a promising strategy to achieve persistent vascular shutdown by preventing reformation and reperfusion of photocoagulated blood vessels. Integration of LSI into the clinical workflow may lead to surgical image guidance that maximizes acute photocoagulation, is expected to improve PWS therapeutic outcome. Continued integration of noninvasive optical imaging technologies and biochemical analysis collectively are expected to lead to more robust treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Choi
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, and the Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, all at University of California, Irvine 92612 USA
| | - Wenbin Tan
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 92612 USA
| | - Wangcun Jia
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 92612 USA
| | - Sean M. White
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 92612 USA
| | - Wesley J. Moy
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 92612 USA
| | - Bruce Y. Yang
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 92612 USA
| | | | | | - Kristen M. Kelly
- Department of Dermatology and the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, all at University of California, Irvine 92612 USA
| | - J. Stuart Nelson
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery and the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, all at University of California, Irvine 92612 USA
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Chen D, Ren J, Wang Y, Li B, Gu Y. Intraoperative monitoring of blood perfusion in port wine stains by laser Doppler imaging during vascular targeted photodynamic therapy: A preliminary study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 14:142-51. [PMID: 27068654 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to monitor blood perfusion dynamics of port wine stains (PWS) during vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (V-PDT) with laser Doppler imaging (LDI). METHODS The PWS lesions of 30 facial PWS patients received V-PDT, while the normal skins on the forearm of 5 healthy subjects were treated as light-only controls for comparison. Furthermore, two different PWS lesions in the same individual from each of 3 PWS patients successively received laser irradiation only and V-PDT, respectively. LDI was used to monitor intraoperative blood perfusion dynamics. RESULTS During V-PDT, the blood perfusion (278±96 PU) in PWS lesions for 31 of 33 PWS patients significantly increased after the initiation of V-PDT treatment, then reached a peak (638±105 PU) within 10min, followed by a slow decrease to a relatively lower level (515±100 PU). Furthermore, the time for reaching peak and the subsequent magnitude of decrease in blood perfusion varied with different patients. For light-only controls, an initial perfusion peak at 3min followed by a nadir and a secondary increase were found not only in normal skin, but also in PWS lesions. CONCLUSION The preliminary results showed that the LDI permits non-invasive monitoring blood perfusion changes of PWS lesions during V-PDT. There was a clear trend in blood perfusion responses during V-PDT and laser irradiation. The blood perfusion changes during treatment were due to V-PDT effects as well as local temperature increase induced by laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Chen
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Buhong Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Ying Gu
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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54
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Zhao Y, Tu P, Zhou G, Zhou Z, Lin X, Yang H, Lu Z, Gao T, Tu Y, Xie H, Zheng Q, Gu Y, Tao J, Zhu X. Hemoporfin Photodynamic Therapy for Port-Wine Stain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156219. [PMID: 27227544 PMCID: PMC4881994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown potentially beneficial results in treating port-wine stain, but its benefit-risk profile remains undefined. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PDT conducted with hemoporfin and a 532 nm continuous wave laser to treat port-wine stain clinically. PATIENTS AND METHODS This randomized clinical trial was conducted in eight hospitals in China. Participants were adolescent and adult patients (age range: 14-65 years old) with port-wine stain. During stage 1 (day 1 to week 8) all patients were randomized at a 3:1 ratio to treatment (532 nm laser irradiation (96-120 J/cm2) with hemoporfin (5mg/kg; PDT-hemoporfin, n = 330)) or placebo groups (irradiation with placebo (PDT-placebo, n = 110)); during stage 2 (week 8 to 16) patients in both groups were offered treatment. Clinician-evaluators, who were blind to the study, classified each case on the following four-level scale according to assessment of before and after standardized pictures of the lesion area: no improvement: <20%; some improvement: 20-59%; great improvement: 60-89%; or nearly completely resolved: ≥90%. The primary efficacy endpoint was proportion of patients achieving at least some improvement at week 8. The secondary efficacy endpoints were proportion of patients achieving nearly completely resolved or at least great improvement at week 8, proportion of patients achieving early completely resolved, at least great improvement, or at least some improvement at week 16, and the corresponding satisfaction of the investigators and the patients (designated as 'excellent', 'good', 'moderate', or 'ineffective') at weeks 8 and 16. RESULTS Compared to the PDT-placebo group, the PDT-hemoporfin group showed a significantly higher proportion of patients that achieved at least some improvement (89.7% [n = 295; 95% CI, 85.9%-92.5%] vs. 24.5% [n = 27; 95% CI, 17.4%-33.3%]) at week 8 (P < 0.0001) and higher improvements for all secondary efficacy endpoints. Treatment reactions occurred in 99.5% (n = 731; 95% CI, 98.7%-99.8%) of the PDT-hemoporfin treatments (n = 735). Hyperpigmentation occurred in 22.9 per 100 patient-treatments (n = 168; 95% CI, 20.0-26.0) in the PDT-hemoporfin treated patients. CONCLUSIONS Hemoporfin-mediated PDT is an effective and safe treatment option for adolescent and adult patients with port-wine stain. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-TRC-08000213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Tu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanchao Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai, China
| | - Huilan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Institute of Dermatology of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yating Tu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingshan Zheng
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jining Tao
- Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JT); (XZ)
| | - Xuejun Zhu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JT); (XZ)
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McClean M, Silverberg JI. Statistical reporting in randomized controlled trials from the dermatology literature: a review of 44 dermatology journals. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:172-83. [PMID: 25989239 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The validity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is determined by several statistical factors. OBJECTIVES To determine the level of recent statistical reporting in RCTs from the dermatology literature. METHODS We searched MEDLINE for all RCTs published between 1 May 2013 and 1 May 2014 in 44 dermatology journals. RESULTS Two hundred and ten articles were screened, of which 181 RCTs from 27 journals were reviewed. Primary study outcomes were met in 122 (67.4%) studies. Sample size calculations and beta values were reported in 52 (28.7%) and 48 (26.5%) studies, respectively, and nonsignificant findings were supported in only 31 (17.1%). Alpha values were reported in 131 (72.4%) of studies with 45 (24.9%) having two-sided P-values, although adjustment for multiple statistical tests was performed in only 16 (9.9% of studies with ≥ two statistical tests performed). Sample size calculations were performed based on a single outcome in 44 (86.3%) and multiple outcomes in six (11.8%) studies. However, among studies that were powered for a single primary outcome, 20 (45.5%) made conclusions based on multiple primary outcomes. Twenty-one (41.2%) studies relied on secondary/unspecified outcomes. There were no differences for primary outcome being met (Chi-square, P = 0.29), sample size calculations (P ≥ 0.55), beta values (P = 0.89), alpha values (P = 0.65), correction for multiple statistical testing (P = 0.59), two-sided alpha (P = 0.64), support of nonsignificant findings (Fisher's exact, P = 0.23) based on the journal's impact factor. CONCLUSIONS Levels of statistical reporting are low in RCTs from the dermatology literature. Future work is needed to improve these levels of reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McClean
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Suite 1600, 676 N. St Clair St, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A
| | - J I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Suite 1600, 676 N. St Clair St, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Suite 1600, 676 N. St Clair St, Chicago, IL, 60611, U.S.A
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Yu W, Ma G, Qiu Y, Chen H, Jin Y, Yang X, Chang L, Wang T, Hu X, Li W, Lin X. Prospective comparison treatment of 595-nm pulsed-dye lasers for virgin port-wine stain. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:684-91. [PMID: 25130205 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Laser Center; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - G. Ma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Laser Center; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Y. Qiu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Laser Center; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - H. Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Laser Center; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Y. Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Laser Center; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - X. Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Laser Center; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - L. Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Laser Center; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - T. Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Laser Center; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - X. Hu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Laser Center; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - W. Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Laser Center; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200011 China
| | - X. Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Laser Center; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200011 China
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Zhang B, Zhang TH, Huang Z, Li Q, Yuan KH, Hu ZQ. Comparison of pulsed dye laser (PDL) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treatment of facial port-wine stain (PWS) birthmarks in pediatric patients. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:491-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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58
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Surgical Treatment of Head and Neck Port-Wine Stains by Means of a Staged Zonal Approach. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014; 134:1003-1012. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yu W, Ma G, Qiu Y, Chen H, Jin Y, Yang X, Hu X, Chang L, Wang T, Zhou H, Li W, Lin X. 18 years long-term results of facial port-wine stain (PWS) after photodynamic therapy (PDT)--a case report. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 12:143-5. [PMID: 25461965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Port-wine stain (PWS) is still a challenging condition for clinician to treat, because in the majority of cases, the stains are not lifted fully by treatment with laser therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was considered recently as a promising alternative treatment for PWS. We report here long-term follow-up measures 18 years on PWS lesion treated with PDT and the histological data of residual PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Laser Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Laser Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Yajing Qiu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Laser Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Laser Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Yunbo Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Laser Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Laser Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaojie Hu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Laser Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Laser Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Tianyou Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Laser Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Henghua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Laser Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Laser Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, China.
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Liu L, Song Y, Ma L, Zang L, Tao L, Zhang Z, Han J. Growth inhibition effect of HMME-mediated PDT on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 29:1715-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Barreau M, Dompmartin A. Les malformations cutanées vasculaires non syndromiques. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2014; 141:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2013.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Assessment of tissue perfusion changes in port wine stains after vascular targeted photodynamic therapy: a short-term follow-up study. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:781-8. [PMID: 23975603 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The occlusion effect of vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (V-PDT) for malformed vessels in port wine stains (PWS) often last for some time after the treatment. A relatively longer period after V-PDT is needed to accurately assess the final response of PWS microcirculation to the treatment. In this study, we intended to use laser speckle imaging (LSI) to assess the tissue perfusion changes of PWS at follow-up after V-PDT and preliminarily analyze the relationship between perfusion change and color bleaching. Seventeen patients with 40 PWS lesions were scanned by LSI before and 3-6 months after they received V-PDT. The speckle flow indices of PWS lesions and normal skin before and at follow-up after V-PDT were recorded. We also performed analyses on the correlation between perfusion changes and color bleaching. Before V-PDT, the 40 PWS lesions showed higher perfusion than the normal skin (1,421 ± 463 and 1,115 ± 386 perfusion unit (PU), respectively, P < 0.01). The PWS lesions scanned at follow-up showed decreased perfusion level compared to the preoperative values (1,282 ± 460 and 1,421 ± 463 PU, respectively, P < 0.01). After V-PDT, the perfusion change rates coincide well with the color bleaching rates (correlation coefficient, 0.73). In conclusion, the LSI system is capable of imaging PWS perfusion precisely, and it has shown promising results in assessing the changes of tissue perfusion of V-PDT for PWS, with objective and quantitative data, real-time images, and a shorter detection time. It may also provide an effectiveness assessment method for the treatment of PWS.
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