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Robinson C, Xu MM, Nair SK, Beasley GM, Rhodin KE. Oncolytic viruses in melanoma. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2022; 27:63. [PMID: 35227006 PMCID: PMC9888358 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2702063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma recurrence remains heterogeneous in presentation, ranging from locoregional disease (i.e., local recurrence, satellites, in transit disease) to distant dermal and visceral metastases. This diverse spectrum of disease requires a personalized approach to management and has resulted in the development of both local (e.g., surgery, radiation, intralesional injection) and systemic (intravenous or oral) treatment strategies. Intralesional agents such as oncolytic viruses may also evoke local immune stimulation to induce and enhance the antitumor immune response. Further, it is hypothesized that these oncolytic viruses may convert immunologically "cold" tumors to more reactive "hot" tumor microenvironments and thereby overcome anti-PD-1 therapy resistance. Currently, talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), a modified herpes virus, is FDA-approved in this population, with many other oncolytic viruses under investigation in both preclinical and trial settings. Herein, we detail the scientific rationale, current landscape, and future directions of oncolytic viruses in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria M Xu
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Smita K Nair
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Georgia M Beasley
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kristen E Rhodin
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Correspondence: (Kristen Rhodin)
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Jin A, Yang Y, Su X, Yang W, Liu T, Chen W, Li T, Ding L, Wang H, Wang B, Pan B, Zhou J, Fan J, Yang X, Guo W. High serum soluble CD155 level predicts poor prognosis and correlates with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24259. [PMID: 35089611 PMCID: PMC8906055 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies with poor prognosis. There is no research about the clinical significance of serum soluble CD155 (sCD155) level for HCC. We aim to explore the prognostic and diagnostic value of sCD155 in HCC patients undergoing curative resection. Methods Serum sCD155 level in HCC patients was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The prognostic significance of sCD155 was evaluated by Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses. CD155 expression and biomarkers of immune cells in HCC tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. The diagnostic significance of sCD155 was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Serum sCD155 level was significantly increased in HCC patients and predicted poor prognosis. The prognostic value of sCD155 remained in low recurrent risk subgroups of HCC. Serum sCD155 level was positively related to CD155 expression in HCC tissues. High serum sCD155 level was associated with decreased numbers of CD8+T cells and CD56+NK cells and increased number of CD163+M2 macrophages. Serum sCD155 level had better performance in distinguishing HCC patients from healthy donors and patients with chronic liver conditions than α‐fetoprotein. Among patients with α‐fetoprotein ≤ 20 ng/ml, serum sCD155 level could differentiate HCC patients from non‐HCC patients. Conclusion Serum sCD155 level represents a promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. High serum sCD155 level may reflect an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- An‐Li Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yi‐Hui Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Wen‐Jing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Te Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Lin Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Bei‐Li Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Wusong Branch Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Xiamen Branch Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Xiamen China
| | - Bai‐Shen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Wusong Branch Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation Liver Cancer Institute Zhongshan Hospital Fudan UniversityKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education Shanghai China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation Liver Cancer Institute Zhongshan Hospital Fudan UniversityKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education Shanghai China
| | - Xin‐Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation Liver Cancer Institute Zhongshan Hospital Fudan UniversityKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education Shanghai China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Wusong Branch Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Xiamen Branch Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Xiamen China
- Cancer Center Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
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Li S, Ding J, Wang Y, Wang X, Lv L. CD155/TIGIT signaling regulates the effector function of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell by NF-κB pathway in colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:154-163. [PMID: 34734434 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM CD155/T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) suppressed anti-cancer immunity in several cancers, but its roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) were not clear. Here, we investigated its roles in CRC. METHODS The percentages of CD8+ T cells expressing TIGIT and secreting cytokines (IL-2, TNF-α, and IFNγ) were evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression level of CD155 was determined by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The levels of cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway was examined by western blot and immunofluorescent assay. RESULTS T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain was overexpressed on CD8+ T cells of CRC patients and mice. CD155 was overexpressed in mice CRC tissues and cells. The addition of CD155 recombinant protein could decrease the percentages of CD8+ T cells secreting cytokines. Blocking TIGIT could increase the percentages of cytokine-secreting CD8+ T cells. Coculturing with CD155-knockdown CRC cells could upregulate the percentages of CD8+ T cells secreting cytokines. Blocking TIGIT partially counteracted the effect of the knockdown of CD155. Besides, coculturing with CD155-knockdown CRC cells could promote the secretion of cytokines, activate the NF-κB pathway, and enhance the nuclear translocation of p65. And these effects were counteracted by the application of an NF-κB inhibitor. Finally, blocking TIGIT played anti-cancer roles such as suppression of tumor growth, increasing the percentages of cytokine-secreting CD8+ T cells and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Suppressing CD155/TIGIT exerted anti-cancer effects against CRC, and our findings provided a potential therapeutic approach to treat CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of Oncology, Zoucheng People's Hospital, Jining City, China
| | - Jihu Ding
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Chengwu County People's Hospital, Heze City, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ward of TCM Anorectal Surgery, Feicheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Taian City, China
| | - Xianling Wang
- The First Department of Digestive Endoscopy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Health Care, Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, China
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Tettamanti S, Pievani A, Biondi A, Dotti G, Serafini M. Catch me if you can: how AML and its niche escape immunotherapy. Leukemia 2022; 36:13-22. [PMID: 34302116 PMCID: PMC8727297 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the remarkable progress in basic and preclinical studies of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the five-year survival rate of AML patients remains poor, highlighting the urgent need for novel and synergistic therapies. Over the past decade, increased attention has been focused on identifying suitable immunotherapeutic strategies for AML, and in particular on targeting leukemic cells and their progenitors. However, recent studies have also underlined the important contribution of the leukemic microenvironment in facilitating tumor escape mechanisms leading to disease recurrence. Here, we describe the immunological features of the AML niche, with particular attention to the crosstalk between the AML blasts and the cellular components of the altered tumor microenvironment (TME) and the mechanisms of immune escape that hamper the therapeutic effects of the most advanced treatments. Considering the AML complexity, immunotherapy approaches may benefit from a rational combination of complementary strategies aimed at preventing escape mechanisms without increasing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tettamanti
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Alice Pievani
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy.
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marta Serafini
- Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
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Profiling of the immune landscape in murine glioblastoma following blood brain/tumor barrier disruption with MR image-guided focused ultrasound. J Neurooncol 2022; 156:109-122. [PMID: 34734364 PMCID: PMC8714701 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GB) poses formidable challenges to systemic immunotherapy approaches owing to the paucity of immune infiltration and presence of the blood brain/tumor barriers (BBB/BTB). We hypothesize that BBB/BTB disruption (BBB/BTB-D) with focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubbles (MB) increases immune infiltration in GB. As a prelude to rational combination of FUS with ITx, we herein investigate the impact of localized BBB/BTB-D on innate and adaptive immune responses in an orthotopic murine GB model. METHODS Mice with GL261 gliomas received i.v. MB and underwent FUS BBB/BTB-D (1.1 MHz, 0.5 Hz pulse repetition frequency, 10 ms bursts, 0.4-0.6 MPa). Brains, meninges, and peripheral lymphoid organs were excised and examined by flow cytometry 1-2 weeks following FUS. RESULTS The number of dendritic cells (DC) was significantly elevated in GL261 tumors and draining cervical LN in response to sonication. CD86 + DC frequency was also upregulated with 0.6 MPa FUS, suggesting increased maturity. While FUS did not significantly alter CD8 + T cell frequency across evaluated organs, these cells upregulated checkpoint molecules at 1 week post-FUS, suggesting increased activation. By 2 weeks post-FUS, we noted emergence of adaptive resistance mechanisms, including upregulation of TIGIT on CD4 + T cells and CD155 on non-immune tumor and stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS FUS BBB/BTB-D exerts mild, transient inflammatory effects in gliomas-suggesting that its combination with adjunct therapeutic strategies targeting adaptive resistance may improve outcomes. The potential for FUS-mediated BBB/BTB-D to modify immunological signatures is a timely and important consideration for ongoing clinical trials investigating this regimen in GB.
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Ng W, Gong C, Yan X, Si G, Fang C, Wang L, Zhu X, Xu Z, Yao C, Zhu S. Targeting CD155 by rediocide-A overcomes tumour immuno-resistance to natural killer cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:47-53. [PMID: 33399495 PMCID: PMC7801066 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1865410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Therapeutic benefits of immunotherapy are restricted by cancer immune-resistance mechanisms. Rediocide-A (Red-A), a natural product extracted from Traditional Chinese Medicine, is a promising agent to battle against cancer which acts as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Red-A on NK-cell tumouricidal activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS NK cells were co-cultured with A549 or H1299 cells and treated with 10 or 100 nM Red-A for 24 h. Cells treated with 0.1% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was employed as vehicle control. NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity was detected by biophotonic cytotoxicity and impedance assay. Degranulation, granzyme B, NK cell-tumour cell conjugates and ligands profiling were detected by flow cytometry. Interferon-γ (IFN- γ) production was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Red-A increased NK cell-mediated lysis of A549 cells by 3.58-fold (21.86% vs. 78.27%) and H1299 cells by 1.26-fold (59.18% vs. 74.78%), compared to vehicle control. Granzyme B level was increased by 48.01% (A549 cells) and 53.26% (H1299 cells) after 100 nM Red-A treatment. INF-γ level was increased by 3.23-fold (A549 cells) and 6.77-fold (H1299 cells) after 100 nM Red-A treatment. Red-A treatment down-regulated the expression level of CD155 by 14.41% and 11.66% in A549 cells and H1299 cells, respectively, leading to the blockade of tumour immuno-resistance to NK cells. CONCLUSIONS Red-A overcomes immuno-resistance of NSCLCs to NK cells by down-regulating CD155 expression, which shows the possibility of developing checkpoint inhibitors targeting TIGIT/CD155 signalling to overcome immuno-resistance of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Ng
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chenyuan Gong
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xuewei Yan
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guifan Si
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chen Fang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Zhu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zihang Xu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chao Yao
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shiguo Zhu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Ye P, Chi X, Cha JH, Luo S, Yang G, Yan X, Yang WH. Potential of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Cancer Immunity: Opportunities and Challenges. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123309. [PMID: 34943817 PMCID: PMC8699390 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune pathway–targeted therapies, are promising clinical strategies for treating cancer. However, drug resistance and adverse reactions remain the main challenges for immunotherapy management. The future direction of immunotherapy is mainly to reduce side effects and improve the treatment response rate by finding new targets and new methods of combination therapy. Ubiquitination plays a crucial role in regulating the degradation of immune checkpoints and the activation of immune-related pathways. Some drugs that target E3 ubiquitin ligases have exhibited beneficial effects in preclinical and clinical antitumor treatments. In this review, we discuss mechanisms through which E3 ligases regulate tumor immune checkpoints and immune-related pathways as well as the opportunities and challenges for integrating E3 ligases targeting drugs into cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xiaoxia Chi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Shahang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guanghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xiuwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (W.-H.Y.)
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (W.-H.Y.)
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Abakushina EV, Popova LI, Zamyatnin AA, Werner J, Mikhailovsky NV, Bazhin AV. The Advantages and Challenges of Anticancer Dendritic Cell Vaccines and NK Cells in Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1363. [PMID: 34835294 PMCID: PMC8625865 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, an impressive advance was achieved in adoptive cell therapy (ACT), which has improved therapeutic potential and significant value in promising cancer treatment for patients. The ACT is based on the cell transfer of dendritic cells (DCs) and/or immune effector cells. DCs are often used as vaccine carriers or antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to prime naive T cells ex vivo or in vivo. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells are used as major tool effector cells for ACT. Despite the fact that NK cell immunotherapy is highly effective and promising against many cancer types, there are still some limitations, including insignificant infiltration, adverse conditions of the microenvironment, the immunosuppressive cellular populations, and the low cytotoxic activity in solid tumors. To overcome these difficulties, novel methods of NK cell isolation, expansion, and stimulation of cytotoxic activity should be designed. In this review, we discuss the basic characteristics of DC vaccines and NK cells as potential adoptive cell preparations in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Abakushina
- Department for Development and Research in Immunology, LLC “Tecon Medical Devices”, 123298 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.P.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Liubov I. Popova
- Department for Development and Research in Immunology, LLC “Tecon Medical Devices”, 123298 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.P.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.W.); (A.V.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nikolay V. Mikhailovsky
- Department for Development and Research in Immunology, LLC “Tecon Medical Devices”, 123298 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.P.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.W.); (A.V.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Masoumi E, Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani S, Jafarzadeh L, Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. The application of immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer and the emerging role of nanoparticle. J Control Release 2021; 340:168-187. [PMID: 34743998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the female population with a high mortality rate. Despite the satisfying depth of studies evaluating the contributory role of immune checkpoints in this malignancy, few articles have reviewed the pros and cons of immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs). In the current review, we provide an overview of immune-related inhibitory molecules and also discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the aberrant expression of T and non-T cell-associated immune checkpoints in breast cancer. Then, we especially focus on recent studies that utilized ICBs as the treatment strategy in breast cancer and provide their efficiency reports. As there are always costs and benefits, we discuss the limitations and challenges toward ICB therapy such as adverse events and drug resistance. In the last section, we allocate an overview of the recent data concerning the application of nanoparticle systems for cancer immunotherapy and propose that nano-based ICB approaches may overcome the challenges related to ICB therapy in breast cancer. In conclusion, it seems it is time for nanoscience to more rapidly move forward into clinical trials and illuminates the breast cancer treatment area with its potent features for the target delivery of ICBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Masoumi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sahar Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani
- Microbiology and Virology Research Center, Qaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Leila Jafarzadeh
- Department of Laboratory Science, Sirjan Faculty of Medical Science, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Market M, Tennakoon G, Auer RC. Postoperative Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction: The Prime Suspect in the Case of Metastasis Following Curative Cancer Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111378. [PMID: 34768810 PMCID: PMC8583911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection is the foundation for the curative treatment of solid tumors. However, metastatic recurrence due to the difficulty in eradicating micrometastases remain a feared outcome. Paradoxically, despite the beneficial effects of surgical removal of the primary tumor, the physiological stress resulting from surgical trauma serves to promote cancer recurrence and metastasis. The postoperative environment suppresses critical anti-tumor immune effector cells, including Natural Killer (NK) cells. The literature suggests that NK cells are critical mediators in the formation of metastases immediately following surgery. The following review will highlight the mechanisms that promote the formation of micrometastases by directly or indirectly inducing NK cell suppression following surgery. These include tissue hypoxia, neuroendocrine activation, hypercoagulation, the pro-inflammatory phase, and the anti-inflammatory phase. Perioperative therapeutic strategies designed to prevent or reverse NK cell dysfunction will also be examined for their potential to improve cancer outcomes by preventing surgery-induced metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Market
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 8M5, Canada; (M.M.); (G.T.)
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1G 4E3, Canada
| | - Gayashan Tennakoon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 8M5, Canada; (M.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Rebecca C. Auer
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1G 4E3, Canada
- Department of General Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-722-7000
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Zheng Q, Li S, Li X, Liu R. Advances in the study of emodin: an update on pharmacological properties and mechanistic basis. Chin Med 2021; 16:102. [PMID: 34629100 PMCID: PMC8504117 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, also known as rhubarb or Da Huang, has been widely used as a spice and as traditional herbal medicine for centuries, and is currently marketed in China as the principal herbs in various prescriptions, such as Da-Huang-Zhe-Chong pills and Da-Huang-Qing-Wei pills. Emodin, a major bioactive anthraquinone derivative extracted from rhubarb, represents multiple health benefits in the treatment of a host of diseases, such as immune-inflammatory abnormality, tumor progression, bacterial or viral infections, and metabolic syndrome. Emerging evidence has made great strides in clarifying the multi-targeting therapeutic mechanisms underlying the efficacious therapeutic potential of emodin, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and anti-diabetic properties. This comprehensive review aims to provide an updated summary of recent developments on these pharmacological efficacies and molecular mechanisms of emodin, with a focus on the underlying molecular targets and signaling networks. We also reviewed recent attempts to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and biological activities of emodin by structural modification and novel material-based targeted delivery. In conclusion, emodin still has great potential to become promising therapeutic options to immune and inflammation abnormality, organ fibrosis, common malignancy, pathogenic bacteria or virus infections, and endocrine disease or disorder. Scientifically addressing concerns regarding the poor bioavailability and vague molecular targets would significantly contribute to the widespread acceptance of rhubarb not only as a dietary supplement in food flavorings and colorings but also as a health-promoting TCM in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Nandi SS, Gohil T, Sawant SA, Lambe UP, Ghosh S, Jana S. CD155: A Key Receptor Playing Diversified Roles. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:594-607. [PMID: 34514998 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210910112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD155), formerly identified as poliovirus receptor (PVR) and later as immunoglobulin molecule involved in cell adhesion, proliferation, invasion and migration. It is a surface protein expressed mostly on normal and transformed malignant cells. The expression of the receptor varies based on the origin of tissue. The expression of the protein is determined by factors involved in sonic hedgehog pathway, Ras-MEK-ERK pathway and during stress conditions like DNA damage response. The protein uses alternate splicing mechanism, producing four isoforms - two being soluble (CD155β and CD155γ) and two being transmembrane protein (CD155α and CD155δ). Apart from being a viral receptor, researchers have identified CD155 having important roles in cancer research and cell signaling field. The receptor is recognized as biomarker for identifying cancerous tissue. The receptor interacts with molecules involved in cells defense mechanism. The immune-surveillance role of CD155 is being deciphered to understand the mechanistic approach it utilizes as onco-immunologic molecule. CD155 is a non-MHC-I ligand which helps in identifying non-self to NK cells via an inhibitory TIGIT ligand. The TIGIT-CD155 pathway is a novel MHC-I-independent education mechanism for cell tolerance and activation of NK cell. The receptor also has a role in metastasis of cancer and trans endothelial mechanism. In this review, authors discuss the virus-host interaction that occurs via single transmembrane receptor, the poliovirus infection pathway, which is being exploited as therapeutic pathway. The oncolytic virotherapy is now promising way for curing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sundar Nandi
- National Institute of Virology, (Mumbai unit), (Formerly Enterovirus Research Centre). Haffkine Institute Compound, Indian Council of Medical Research, A. D. Marg, Parel. Mumbai-12. India
| | - Trupti Gohil
- National Institute of Virology, (Mumbai unit), (Formerly Enterovirus Research Centre). Haffkine Institute Compound, Indian Council of Medical Research, A. D. Marg, Parel. Mumbai-12. India
| | - Sonali Ankush Sawant
- National Institute of Virology, (Mumbai unit), (Formerly Enterovirus Research Centre). Haffkine Institute Compound, Indian Council of Medical Research, A. D. Marg, Parel. Mumbai-12. India
| | - Upendra Pradeep Lambe
- National Institute of Virology, (Mumbai unit), (Formerly Enterovirus Research Centre). Haffkine Institute Compound, Indian Council of Medical Research, A. D. Marg, Parel. Mumbai-12. India
| | - Sudip Ghosh
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania PO, Hyderabad. India
| | - Snehasis Jana
- Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt Ltd., Thane-West, Maharashtra-400604. India
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63
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BCL9 regulates CD226 and CD96 checkpoints in CD8 + T cells to improve PD-1 response in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:313. [PMID: 34417435 PMCID: PMC8379253 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the overall response rate of PD-1 blockade remains unsatisfactory, partially due to limited understanding of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9), a key transcription co-activator of the Wnt pathway, is highly expressed in cancers. By genetic depletion and pharmacological inhibition of BCL9 in tumors, we found that BCL9 suppression reduced tumor growth, promoted CD8+ T cell tumor infiltration, and enhanced response to anti-PD-1 treatment in mouse colon cancer models. To determine the underlying mechanism of BCL9's role in TIME regulation, single-cell RNA-seq was applied to reveal cellular landscape and transcription differences in the tumor immune microenvironment upon BCL9 inhibition. CD155-CD226 and CD155-CD96 checkpoints play key roles in cancer cell/CD8+ T cell interaction. BCL9 suppression induces phosphorylation of VAV1 in CD8+ T cells and increases GLI1 and PATCH expression to promote CD155 expression in cancer cells. In The Cancer Genome Atlas database analysis, we found that BCL9 expression is positively associated with CD155 and negatively associated with CD226 expression. BCL9 is also linked to adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation involved in patient survival following anti-PD-1 treatment. This study points to cellular diversity within the tumor immune microenvironment affected by BCL9 inhibition and provides new insights into the role of BCL9 in regulating CD226 and CD96 checkpoints.
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Farrow NE, Leddy M, Landa K, Beasley GM. Injectable Therapies for Regional Melanoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2021; 29:433-444. [PMID: 32482318 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with unresectable cutaneous, subcutaneous, or nodal melanoma metastases are often candidates for injectable therapies, which are attractive for ease of intralesional delivery to superficial metastases and limited systemic toxicity profiles. Injectable or intralesional therapies can be part of multifaceted treatment strategies to kill tumor directly or to alter the tumor so as to make it more sensitive to systemic therapy. Talimogene laherparepvec is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved injectable therapy currently in wide clinical use in the United States, although ongoing trials are evaluating novel intralesional agents as well as combinations with systemic therapies, particularly checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma E Farrow
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3443, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Margaret Leddy
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, DUMC Box 3966, Durham, NC 27110, USA
| | - Karenia Landa
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3443, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Georgia M Beasley
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, DUMC Box 3118, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Tang XY, Shi AP, Xiong YL, Zheng KF, Liu YJ, Shi XG, Jiang T, Zhao JB. Clinical Research on the Mechanisms Underlying Immune Checkpoints and Tumor Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:693321. [PMID: 34367975 PMCID: PMC8339928 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.693321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study highlights aspects of the latest clinical research conducted on the relationship between immune checkpoints and tumor metastasis. The overview of each immune checkpoint is divided into the following three sections: 1) structure and expression; 2) immune mechanism related to tumor metastasis; and 3) clinical research related to tumor metastasis. This review expands on the immunological mechanisms of 17 immune checkpoints, including TIM-3, CD47, and OX-40L, that mediate tumor metastasis; evidence shows that most of these immune checkpoints are expressed on the surface of T cells, which mainly exert immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, we have summarized the roles of these immune checkpoints in the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic tumors, as these checkpoints are considered common predictors of metastasis in various cancers such as prostate cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and melanoma. Moreover, certain immune checkpoints can be used in synergy with PD-1 and CTLA-4, along with the implementation of combination therapies such as LIGHT-VTR and anti-PD-1 antibodies. Presently, most monoclonal antibodies generated against immune checkpoints are under investigation as part of ongoing preclinical or clinical trials conducted to evaluate their efficacy and safety to establish a better combination treatment strategy; however, no significant progress has been made regarding monoclonal antibody targeting of CD28, VISTA, or VTCN1. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in early stage tumors to prevent tumor metastasis warrants further evidence; the immune-related adverse events should be considered before combination therapy. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms of immune checkpoint and the clinical progress on their use in metastatic tumors reported over the last 5 years, which may provide insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies that will assist with the utilization of various immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yang Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - An-Ping Shi
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Yan-Lu Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kai-Fu Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xian-Gui Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin-Bo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Impact of serum soluble CD155 level at diagnosis on interim response to CHOP with or without rituximab in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Clin Exp Med 2021; 22:173-181. [PMID: 34216302 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CD155 is frequently overexpressed in human malignant tumors, and it is associated with poor prognosis. The expression of its soluble form (sCD155) as well as its prognostic value were not studied previously in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Serum sCD155 level was measured in DLBCL patients at diagnosis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Its impact on response following three cycles of CHOP with or without rituximab (CHOP ± R) was analyzed. Serum sCD155 level was significantly elevated in DLBCL patients at diagnosis than in controls (P < 0.001). Serum sCD155 level at diagnosis correlated significantly with International Prognostic Index risk score (P = 0.005). Elevated serum sCD155 was associated with lack of response following three cycles of CHOP ± R in univariate analysis (P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, there was a 1.601 probability of lack of response in patients with increased sCD155 level (95% confidence interval = 0.774-3.309, P = 0.204). Serum sCD155 is overexpressed in DLBCL, and it is associated with lack of interim response to CHOP ± R.
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Chen C, Guo Q, Fu H, Yu J, Wang L, Sun Y, Zhang J, Duan Y. Asynchronous blockade of PD-L1 and CD155 by polymeric nanoparticles inhibits triple-negative breast cancer progression and metastasis. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120988. [PMID: 34186238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PD-L1/PD-1 blockade therapy shows durable responses to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but the response rate is low. CD155 promotes tumor metastasis intrinsically and modulates the immune response extrinsically as the ligand of DNAM-1 (costimulatory receptor) and TIGIT/CD96 (coinhibitory receptors). Herein, we verified that TNBC cells coexpressed PD-L1 and CD155. By examining the receptors of PD-L1 and CD155 on TNBC tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) over time, we observed that PD-1 and DNAM-1 were upregulated early, whereas CD96 and TIGIT were upregulated late in CD8+ TILs. Based on these findings, we developed CD155 siRNA (siCD155)-loaded mPEG-PLGA-PLL (PEAL) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with PD-L1 blocking antibodies (P/PEALsiCD155) to asynchronously block PD-L1 and CD155 in a spatiotemporal manner. P/PEALsiCD155 maximized early-stage CD8+ T cell immune surveillance against 4T1 tumor, whereas reversed inhibition status of the late stage CD8+ T cells to prevent 4T1 tumor immune escape. In addition, the combination of P/PEALsiCD155 and tumor-specific CD8 T cells induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) of 4T1 cells to further boost immune checkpoint therapy. Most importantly, P/PEALsiCD155 displayed excellent TNBC targeting and induced CD8+ TILs-dominant intratumor antitumor immunity to efficiently inhibit TNBC progression and metastasis with excellent safety in a syngeneic 4T1 orthotopic TNBC tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yourong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Quintarelli C, Camera A, Ciccone R, Alessi I, Del Bufalo F, Carai A, Del Baldo G, Mastronuzzi A, De Angelis B. Innovative and Promising Strategies to Enhance Effectiveness of Immunotherapy for CNS Tumors: Where Are We? Front Immunol 2021; 12:634031. [PMID: 34163465 PMCID: PMC8216238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.634031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are several immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors under evaluation, currently none of these approaches have received approval from the regulatory agencies. CNS tumors, especially glioblastomas, are tumors characterized by highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, limiting the possibility of effectively eliciting an immune response. Moreover, the peculiar anatomic location of these tumors poses relevant challenges in terms of safety, since uncontrolled hyper inflammation could lead to cerebral edema and cranial hypertension. The most promising strategies of immunotherapy in neuro-oncology consist of the use of autologous T cells redirected against tumor cells through chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) constructs or genetically modified T-cell receptors. Trials based on native or genetically engineered oncolytic viruses and on vaccination with tumor-associated antigen peptides are also under evaluation. Despite some sporadic complete remissions achieved in clinical trials, the outcome of patients with CNS tumors treated with different immunotherapeutic approaches remains poor. Based on the lessons learned from these unsatisfactory experiences, novel immune-therapy approaches aimed at overcoming the profound immunosuppressive microenvironment of these diseases are bringing new hope to reach the cure for CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Quintarelli
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Camera
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Roselia Ciccone
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Iside Alessi
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Del Bufalo
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Del Baldo
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- Department Onco-Hematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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69
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Wei G, Zhang H, Zhao H, Wang J, Wu N, Li L, Wu J, Zhang D. Emerging immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment: Implications for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2021; 511:68-76. [PMID: 33957184 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoints within the tumor microenvironment (TME) play important roles in modulating host antitumor immunity. Checkpoint-based immunotherapies (e.g. immune checkpoint inhibitors) have revolutionized cancer therapy. However, there are still many drawbacks with current checkpoint immunotherapies in clinical practice, such as unresponsiveness, resistance, tumor hyperprogression, autoimmune-related adverse events, and limited efficacy with some solid malignances. These drawbacks highlight the need to further investigate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects, as well as the need to identify new targets for cancer immunotherapy. With the discovery of emerging immune checkpoints in the TME, the development of strategies targeting the pivotal immunomodulators for cancer treatment has been significantly advanced in the past decade. In this review, we summarize and classify the novel emerging immune checkpoints beyond the extensively studied ones (e.g. PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3 and TIM-3) in the TME, and provide an update on the clinical trials targeting these key immune molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaigai Wei
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nana Wu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Leying Li
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Duanwu Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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70
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Artesunate-induced ATG5-related autophagy enhances the cytotoxicity of NK92 cells on endometrial cancer cells via interactions between CD155 and CD226/TIGIT. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107705. [PMID: 33933849 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is the most prevalent gynecologic cancer in developed countries and lacks efficient therapeutic strategies. Artesunate (ART), a well-modified derivate of artemisinin, exerts potent anti-cancer effects apart from its classical anti-malaria feature. Autophagy is a universal double-edged process in cell survival, and CD155 is a novel immune checkpoint highly expressed in numerous cancers. However, the relationships among ART, autophagy, and CD155 remain unclear in UCEC. In this study, we discovered that ART not only inhibited proliferation and migration, promoted apoptosis, but also induced autophagy in UCEC cells. Meanwhile, ART-induced autophagy elevated the level of CD155 in UCEC cells, thereby enhancing the cytotoxicity of natural killer cell line (NK92) by modulating the interactions between CD155 and its receptors in NK92 cells via upregulation of co-stimulator CD226 and downregulation of co-inhibitor TIGIT. Additionally, ART regulated CD155 partially via ATG5, and knockdown of ATG5 dampened the expression of CD155 in UCEC cells, thus decreasing the cytotoxicity of NK92 cells. Therefore, this study demonstrated the dual anti-cancer effects of ART as it could induce cell-killing directly and indirectly, which provides novel insights into the anti-cancer mechanisms of ART on UCEC.
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71
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Zhai Y, Moosavi R, Chen M. Immune Checkpoints, a Novel Class of Therapeutic Targets for Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645699. [PMID: 33968036 PMCID: PMC8097144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes, are the outcomes of a failure of immune tolerance. Immune tolerance is sustained through interplays between two inter-dependent clusters of immune activities: immune stimulation and immune regulation. The mechanisms of immune regulation are exploited as therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. One of these mechanisms is immune checkpoints (ICPs). The roles of ICPs in maintaining immune tolerance and hence suppressing autoimmunity were revealed in animal models and validated by the clinical successes of ICP-targeted therapeutics for autoimmune diseases. Recently, these roles were highlighted by the clinical discovery that the blockade of ICPs causes autoimmune disorders. Given the crucial roles of ICPs in immune tolerance, it is plausible to leverage ICPs as a group of therapeutic targets to restore immune tolerance and treat autoimmune diseases. In this review, we first summarize working mechanisms of ICPs, particularly those that have been utilized for therapeutic development. Then, we recount the agents and approaches that were developed to target ICPs and treat autoimmune disorders. These agents take forms of fusion proteins, antibodies, nucleic acids, and cells. We also review and discuss safety information for these therapeutics. We wrap up this review by providing prospects for the development of ICP-targeting therapeutics. In summary, the ever-increasing studies and results of ICP-targeting of therapeutics underscore their tremendous potential to become a powerful class of medicine for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Reza Moosavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mingnan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Johnston RJ, Lee PS, Strop P, Smyth MJ. Cancer Immunotherapy and the Nectin Family. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-060920-084910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly clear that the nectin family and its immunoreceptors shape the immune response to cancer through several pathways. Yet, even as antibodies against TIGIT, CD96, and CD112R advance into clinical development, biological and therapeutic questions remain unanswered. Here, we review recent progress, prospects, and challenges to understanding and tapping this family in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Johnston
- Oncology Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California 94063, USA
| | - Peter S. Lee
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California 94063, USA;,
| | - Pavel Strop
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California 94063, USA;,
| | - Mark J. Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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Mathewson ND, Ashenberg O, Tirosh I, Gritsch S, Perez EM, Marx S, Jerby-Arnon L, Chanoch-Myers R, Hara T, Richman AR, Ito Y, Pyrdol J, Friedrich M, Schumann K, Poitras MJ, Gokhale PC, Gonzalez Castro LN, Shore ME, Hebert CM, Shaw B, Cahill HL, Drummond M, Zhang W, Olawoyin O, Wakimoto H, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Brastianos PK, Liu XS, Jones PS, Cahill DP, Frosch MP, Louis DN, Freeman GJ, Ligon KL, Marson A, Chiocca EA, Reardon DA, Regev A, Suvà ML, Wucherpfennig KW. Inhibitory CD161 receptor identified in glioma-infiltrating T cells by single-cell analysis. Cell 2021; 184:1281-1298.e26. [PMID: 33592174 PMCID: PMC7935772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
T cells are critical effectors of cancer immunotherapies, but little is known about their gene expression programs in diffuse gliomas. Here, we leverage single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to chart the gene expression and clonal landscape of tumor-infiltrating T cells across 31 patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma and IDH mutant glioma. We identify potential effectors of anti-tumor immunity in subsets of T cells that co-express cytotoxic programs and several natural killer (NK) cell genes. Analysis of clonally expanded tumor-infiltrating T cells further identifies the NK gene KLRB1 (encoding CD161) as a candidate inhibitory receptor. Accordingly, genetic inactivation of KLRB1 or antibody-mediated CD161 blockade enhances T cell-mediated killing of glioma cells in vitro and their anti-tumor function in vivo. KLRB1 and its associated transcriptional program are also expressed by substantial T cell populations in other human cancers. Our work provides an atlas of T cells in gliomas and highlights CD161 and other NK cell receptors as immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Mathewson
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Simon Gritsch
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Perez
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sascha Marx
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Livnat Jerby-Arnon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rony Chanoch-Myers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Toshiro Hara
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa R Richman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshinaga Ito
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Pyrdol
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mirco Friedrich
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathrin Schumann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Poitras
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prafulla C Gokhale
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Nicolas Gonzalez Castro
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marni E Shore
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine M Hebert
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Shaw
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Oncology, Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Heather L Cahill
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Drummond
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wubing Zhang
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olamide Olawoyin
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Oncology, Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela S Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David N Louis
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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74
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Tang L, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Mei H. T Cell Exhaustion and CAR-T Immunotherapy in Hematological Malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6616391. [PMID: 33728333 PMCID: PMC7936901 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6616391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
T cell exhaustion has been recognized to play an immunosuppressive role in malignant diseases. Persistent tumor antigen stimulation, the presence of inhibitory immune cells and cytokines in tumor microenvironment (TME), upregulated expression of inhibitory receptors, changes in T cell-related transcription factors, and metabolic factors can all result in T cell exhaustion. Strategies dedicated to preventing or reversing T cell exhaustion are required to reduce the morbidity from cancer and enhance the effectiveness of adoptive cellular immunotherapy. Here, we summarize the current findings of T cell exhaustion in hematological malignancies and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) immunotherapy, as well as the value of novel technologies, to inverse such dysfunction. Our emerging understanding of T cell exhaustion may be utilized to develop personalized strategies to restore antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei, China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei, China
| | - Yinqiang Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei, China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei, China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei, China
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei, China
- Hubei Clinical Medical Center of Cell Therapy for Neoplastic Disease, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei, China
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75
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Zhang H, Yang Z, Du G, Cao L, Tan B. CD155-Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Implications Based on Multiple Analyses of Databases Across 33 Human Cancers. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:1533033820980088. [PMID: 33576304 PMCID: PMC7887689 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820980088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has suggested that CD155 participates in the regulation of many biological processes ranging cell growth, invasion, and migration from regulation of immune responses in most malignances. However, the impact of prognostic value and CD115-related immune response on the survival in multiple cancers remains incompletely clear. In our study, we assessed the prognostic significance and immune-associated mechanism of CD155 based on data from multiple databases and methods, including UCSC Xena, Oncomine, PrognoScan. We identified that CD155 was commonly upregulated in most human cancers, and High expression of CD155 was closely correlated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in 10/33 of human cancers, while CD155 at low level was responsible for better survival in KICH and PAAD. More intriguingly, CD155 expression had a significant interaction with immune function in several tumors by analyzing Tumor mutational burden and microsatellite in stability, immune score and stromal score. The correlation between immune infiltration and CD155 expression also indicated that CD155 expression positively correlated with CD4+ T cells in Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma, Lung adenocarcinoma and Colon adenocarcinoma, while had inversely interaction with CD8+ T in Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma and Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma as well as Tregs in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma, Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma and Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. These findings indicate CD155 correlates with cancer immunotherapy function. In conclusions, our observations revealed CD155 might function as immune-associated system in the development of human cancers, and acted as a promising prognostic and therapeutic target against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, 117913Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- BaoTou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobo Du
- Department of Oncology, 117913Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Oncology, 117913Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - BangXian Tan
- Department of Oncology, 117913Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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76
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Computer-aided design of PVR mutants with enhanced binding affinity to TIGIT. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:12. [PMID: 33557880 PMCID: PMC7869511 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TIGIT, as a novel immune checkpoint molecule involved in T cell and NK cell anergy, could induce the immune tolerance and escape through binding with its ligand PVR. Blockade of TIGIT/PVR is considered as a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. However, to facilitate the design of inhibitors targeting TIGIT/PVR, the structural characteristics and binding mechanism still need to be further studied. Methods In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and in silico mutagenesis were used to analyze the interaction between TIGIT and its ligand PVR. Then, PVR mutants were designed and their activities were determined by using TIGIT overexpressed Jurkat cells. Results The results suggested that the loops of PVR (CC′ loop, C′C″ loop, and FG loop) underwent a large intra-molecular rearrangement, and more hydrogen bond crosslinking between PVR and TIGIT were formed during MD simulations. The potential residues for PVR to interact with TIGIT were identified and utilized to predict high affinity PVR mutants. Through the biological activity evaluation, four PVR mutants (PVRS72W, PVRS72R, PVRG131V and PVRS132Q) with enhanced affinity to TIGIT were discovered, which could elicit more potent inhibitory effects compared with the wild type PVR. Conclusions The MD simulations analysis provided new insights into the TIGIT/PVR interaction model, and the identified PVR mutants (PVRS72W, PVRS72R, PVRG131V and PVRS132Q) could serve as new candidates for immunotherapy to block TIGIT/PVR. Video Abstract
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77
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Peterson EE, Barry KC. The Natural Killer-Dendritic Cell Immune Axis in Anti-Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:621254. [PMID: 33613552 PMCID: PMC7886798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.621254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial mediators of productive immune responses to infection and disease. NK cells and a subtype of DCs, the type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s), are individually important for regulating immune responses to cancer in mice and humans. Recent work has found that NK cells and cDC1s engage in intercellular cross-talk integral to initiating and coordinating adaptive immunity to cancer. This NK cell-cDC1 axis has been linked to increased overall survival and responses to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma patients. Here, we review recent findings on the role of NK cells and cDC1s in protective immune responses to cancer and immunotherapy, as well as current therapies targeting this NK cell-cDC1 axis. Further, we explore the concept that intercellular cross-talk between NK cells and cDC1s may be key for many of the positive prognostic associations seen with NK cells and DCs individually. It is clear that increasing our understanding of the NK cell-cDC1 innate immune cell axis will be critical for the generation of novel therapies that can modulate anti-cancer immunity and increase patient responses to common immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Peterson
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kevin C Barry
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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78
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Yang N, Lode K, Berzaghi R, Islam A, Martinez-Zubiaurre I, Hellevik T. Irradiated Tumor Fibroblasts Avoid Immune Recognition and Retain Immunosuppressive Functions Over Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:602530. [PMID: 33584669 PMCID: PMC7874190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.602530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that radiotherapy is able to induce anti-tumor immune responses in addition to mediating direct cytotoxic effects. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are central constituents of the tumor stroma and participate actively in tumor immunoregulation. However, the capacity of CAFs to influence immune responses in the context of radiotherapy is still poorly understood. This study was undertaken to determine whether ionizing radiation alters the CAF-mediated immunoregulatory effects on natural killer (NK) cells. CAFs were isolated from freshly resected non-small cell lung cancer tissues, while NK cells were prepared from peripheral blood of healthy donors. Functional assays to study NK cell immune activation included proliferation rates, expression of cell surface markers, secretion of immunomodulators, cytotoxic assays, as well as production of intracellular activation markers such as perforin and granzyme B. Our data show that CAFs inhibit NK cell activation by reducing their proliferation rates, the cytotoxic capacity, the extent of degranulation, and the surface expression of stimulatory receptors, while concomitantly enhancing surface expression of inhibitory receptors. Radiation delivered as single high-dose or in fractioned regimens did not reverse the immunosuppressive features exerted by CAFs over NK cells in vitro, despite triggering enhanced surface expression of several checkpoint ligands on irradiated CAFs. In summary, CAFs mediate noticeable immune inhibitory effects on cytokine-activated NK cells during co-culture in a donor-independent manner. However, ionizing radiation does not interfere with the CAF-mediated immunosuppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Yang
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristin Lode
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rodrigo Berzaghi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ashraful Islam
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inigo Martinez-Zubiaurre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Turid Hellevik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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79
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Liu J, Cheng Y, Zheng M, Yuan B, Wang Z, Li X, Yin J, Ye M, Song Y. Targeting the ubiquitination/deubiquitination process to regulate immune checkpoint pathways. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:28. [PMID: 33479196 PMCID: PMC7819986 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system initiates robust immune responses to defend against invading pathogens or tumor cells and protect the body from damage, thus acting as a fortress of the body. However, excessive responses cause detrimental effects, such as inflammation and autoimmune diseases. To balance the immune responses and maintain immune homeostasis, there are immune checkpoints to terminate overwhelmed immune responses. Pathogens and tumor cells can also exploit immune checkpoint pathways to suppress immune responses, thus escaping immune surveillance. As a consequence, therapeutic antibodies that target immune checkpoints have made great breakthroughs, in particular for cancer treatment. While the overall efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is unsatisfactory since only a small group of patients benefited from ICB treatment. Hence, there is a strong need to search for other targets that improve the efficacy of ICB. Ubiquitination is a highly conserved process which participates in numerous biological activities, including innate and adaptive immunity. A growing body of evidence emphasizes the importance of ubiquitination and its reverse process, deubiquitination, on the regulation of immune responses, providing the rational of simultaneous targeting of immune checkpoints and ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways to enhance the therapeutic efficacy. Our review will summarize the latest findings of ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways for anti-tumor immunity, and discuss therapeutic significance of targeting ubiquitination/deubiquitination pathways in the future of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Yicheng Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingxiao Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zimu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210002, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mingxiang Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210002, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 210002, Nanjing, China.
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Lee JH, Yoo SS, Hong MJ, Choi JE, Kim S, Kang HG, Do SK, Kim JH, Baek SA, Lee WK, Do Yoo J, Choi SH, Lee YH, Seo H, Lee J, Lee SY, Cha SI, Kim CH, Park JY. Impact of immune checkpoint gene CD155 Ala67Thr and CD226 Gly307Ser polymorphisms on small cell lung cancer clinical outcome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1794. [PMID: 33469055 PMCID: PMC7815735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the impact of genetic variants of immune checkpoint genes on the treatment outcome in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In the present study, 261 platinum doublet-treated SCLC patients were enrolled. A total of 96 polymorphisms in 33 immune checkpoint-related genes were selected, and their association with chemotherapy response and survival outcomes were analyzed. Among the polymorphisms studied, CD155 rs1058402G > A (Ala67Thr, A67T) and CD226 rs763361C > T (Gly307Ser, G307S) were significantly associated with SCLC treatment outcome. The rs1058402G > A had a worse chemotherapy response and overall survival (under a dominant model, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27–0.99, P = 0.05; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.12–2.14, P = 0.01, respectively). The rs763361C > T had better chemotherapy response and overall survival (under a dominant model, aOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.10–3.75, P = 0.02; aHR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–0.94, P = 0.02, respectively). When the rs1058402GA/AA and rs763361CC genotypes were combined, the chemotherapy response and overall survival were significantly decreased as the number of bad genotypes increased (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.33–0.81, Ptrend = 0.004; aHR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.19–1.84, Ptrend = 4 × 10−4, respectively). The 3-D structural model showed that CD155 A67T created a new hydrogen bond and structural change on CD155. These changes resulted in extending the distance and losing the hydrogen bonds between CD155 and CD226, thus weakening CD155/CD226 binding activity. In conclusion, CD155 rs1058402G > A and CD226 rs763361C > T may be useful for predicting the clinical outcomes of SCLC patients after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi Jeong Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Gyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Kyung Do
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Tumor Heterogeneity and Network (THEN) Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ah Baek
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Collaboration Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Do Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ick Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea. .,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea. .,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea. .,Tumor Heterogeneity and Network (THEN) Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Zanker DJ, Owen KL, Baschuk N, Spurling AJ, Parker BS. Loss of type I IFN responsiveness impairs natural killer cell antitumor activity in breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2125-2138. [PMID: 33449132 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Competent type I IFN signaling is the lynchpin of most immune surveillance mechanisms and has recently proven critical to the efficacy of several anticancer agents. Expression of the type I IFN receptor, IFNAR, underpins type I IFN responsiveness in all cells and facilitates the activation and cytotoxic potential of lymphocytes, while loss of IFNAR on lymphocytes has previously been associated with tumor progression and poor patient survival. This study underscores the importance of intact type I IFN signaling to NK cells in the regulation of tumorigenesis and metastasis, whereby ablation of NK cell IFNAR1 impairs antitumor activity and tumor clearance. Using a preclinical model of triple negative breast cancer, we identified that intact IFNAR on NK cells is required for an effective response to type I IFN-inducing immunotherapeutics that may be mediated by pathways associated with NK cell degranulation. Taken together, these data provide a rationale for considering the IFNAR status on NK cells when devising therapeutic strategies aimed at inducing systemic type I IFN signaling in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien J Zanker
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Katie L Owen
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Nikola Baschuk
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Alex J Spurling
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute from Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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82
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Zhao K, Ma L, Feng L, Huang Z, Meng X, Yu J. CD155 Overexpression Correlates With Poor Prognosis in Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:608404. [PMID: 33490104 PMCID: PMC7817973 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.608404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD155/TIGIT overexpression has been detected in various human malignancies; however, its expression status in primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (PSCCE) and its prognostic significance remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression and prognostic value of CD155 and TIGIT in PSCCE. We detected CD155 and TIGIT expression in 114 cases of PSCCE using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and evaluated their relationship with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival of the patients. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. Nomogram performance was assessed via the concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the net benefit of the nomogram. We found that CD155 and TIGIT were overexpressed in PSCCE tissues, CD155 expression correlated positively with TIGIT (p < 0.001) and was significantly associated with tumor size, T stage, distant metastasis, TNM stage, and Ki-67 score. TIGIT expression was also significantly associated with T stage, distant metastasis, and TNM stage. Patients with high CD155 and TIGIT expression had a significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), while the multivariate model showed that CD155 expression and the therapeutic strategy are independent prognostic factors for PSCCE. In the validation step, OS was shown to be well-calibrated (C-index = 0.724), and a satisfactory clinical utility was proven by DCA. In conclusion, our findings revealed that CD155 and TIGIT are highly expressed in patients with PSCCE and are associated with shorter OS and PFS, supporting their role as prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoqin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangjiao Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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83
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Murakami T, Takasawa A, Takasawa K, Akimoto T, Aoyama T, Magara K, Saito Y, Ota M, Kyuno D, Yamamoto S, Hasegawa T, Saito T, Osanai M. Aberrant expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A contributes to the malignancy of cervical adenocarcinoma by interaction with poliovirus receptor/CD155. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:906-917. [PMID: 33185939 PMCID: PMC7893988 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that aberrant expression of tight junction proteins (TJP) contributes to malignant potential of various cancers. In the present study, we investigated the expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), one of the transmembrane TJP, in uterine cervical adenocarcinoma and the significance of its expression for malignancy. Immunohistochemistry on human surgical specimens showed that JAM-A was aberrantly expressed in neoplastic regions including adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Knockout of JAM-A significantly suppressed cell proliferation and colony-forming and migration abilities. We also showed that an antibody specific to an extracellular region of JAM-A reduced cell proliferation ability and that loss of JAM-A increased drug sensitivity of cervical adenocarcinoma cells. Based on a comprehensive proteome analysis, we found that poliovirus receptor (PVR/CD155) was regulated by JAM-A and formed a physical interaction with JAM-A. In human surgical specimens, PVR/CD155 expression was significantly correlated with some clinicopathological features and prognosis of cervical adenocarcinoma. Interestingly, most of the PVR/CD155-positive cases expressed a high level of JAM-A, and patients with the expression pattern of PVR/CD155 positive/JAM-A high had significantly shorter periods of relapse-free survival (P = .00964) and overall survival (P = .0204) than those for the other patients. Our observations suggest that aberrant expression of JAM-A promotes malignancy of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma by regulation of PVR/CD155, and JAM-A is therefore a potential therapeutic target for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Murakami
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kumi Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taishi Akimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Aoyama
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Magara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Misaki Ota
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kyuno
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Soh Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Osanai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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84
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Jacobs ME, Pouw JN, Olde Nordkamp MA, Radstake TRDJ, Leijten EFA, Boes M. DNAM1 and TIGIT balance the T cell response, with low T cell TIGIT expression corresponding to inflammation in psoriatic disease. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2020; 1:ltaa004. [PMID: 36284900 PMCID: PMC9585685 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Signals at the contact site of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells help orchestrate the adaptive immune response. CD155 on APCs can interact with the stimulatory receptor DNAM1 or inhibitory receptor TIGIT on T cells. The CD155/DNAM1/TIGIT axis is under extensive investigation as immunotherapy target in inflammatory diseases including cancer, chronic infection and autoimmune diseases. We investigated a possible role for CD155/DNAM1/TIGIT signaling in psoriatic disease. Methods By flow cytometry, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with psoriasis (n = 20) or psoriatic arthritis (n = 21), and healthy individuals (n = 7). We measured CD155, TIGIT, and DNAM1 expression on leukocyte subsets and compared activation-induced cytokine production between CD155-positive and CD155-negative APCs. We assessed the effects of TIGIT and DNAM1 blockade on T cell activation, and related the expression of CD155/DNAM1/TIGIT axis molecules to measures of disease activity. Results High CD155 expression associates with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC). In CD1c+ myeloid DC, activation-induced CD155 expression associates with increased HLA-DR expression. CD8 T cells – but not CD4 T cells – express high levels of TIGIT. DNAM1 blockade decreases T cell pro-inflammatory cytokine production, while TIGIT blockade increased T cell proliferation. Finally, T cell TIGIT expression shows an inverse correlation with inflammation biomarkers in psoriatic disease. Conclusion CD155 is increased on pro-inflammatory APCs, while the receptors DNAM1 and TIGIT expressed on T cells balance the inflammatory response by T cells. In psoriatic disease, low TIGIT expression on T cells is associated with systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen E Jacobs
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juliëtte N Pouw
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michel A Olde Nordkamp
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emmerik F A Leijten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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85
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Mohamadi A, Pagès G, Hashemzadeh MS. The Important Role of Oncolytic Viruses in Common Cancer Treatments. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716666200211120906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OV) are considered as promising tools in cancer treatment. In addition
to direct cytolysis, the stimulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses is the most
important mechanism in oncolytic virotherapy that finally leads to the long-standing tumor retardations
in the advanced melanoma clinical trials. The OVs have become a worthy method in cancer
treatment, due to their several biological advantages including (1) the selective replication in
cancer cells without affecting normal cells; (2) the lack of resistance to the treatment; (3) cancer
stem cell targeting; (4) the ability to be spread; and (5) the immune response induction against the
tumors. Numerous types of viruses; for example, Herpes simplex viruses, Adenoviruses, Reoviruses,
Poliovirus, and Newcastle disease virus have been studied as a possible cancer treatment
strategy. Although some viruses have a natural orientation or tropism to cancer cells, several others
need attenuation and genetic manipulation to increase the safety and tumor-specific replication activity.
Two important mechanisms are involved in OV antitumor responses, which include the tumor
cell death due to virus replication, and also induction of immunogenic cell death as a result of
the immune system responses against the tumor cells. Furthermore, the high efficiency of OV on
antitumor immune response stimulation can finally lead to a significant tumor shrinkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohamadi
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, University of Cote d’Azur, Nice, France
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Taghiloo S, Asgarian-Omran H. Immune evasion mechanisms in acute myeloid leukemia: A focus on immune checkpoint pathways. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103164. [PMID: 33271388 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune surveillance mechanisms comprising of adaptive and innate immune systems are naturally designed to eliminate AML development. However, leukemic cells apply various immune evasion mechanisms to deviate host immune responses resulting tumor progression. One of the recently well-known immune escape mechanisms is over-expression of immune checkpoint receptors and their ligands. Introduction of blocking antibodies targeting co-inhibitory molecules achieved invaluable success in tumor targeted therapy. Moreover, several new co-inhibitory pathways are currently studying for their potential impacts on improving anti-tumor immune responses. Although immunotherapeutic strategies based on the blockade of immune checkpoint molecules have shown promising results in a number of hematological malignances, their effectiveness in AML patients showed less remarkable success. This review discusses current knowledge about the involvement of co-inhibitory signaling pathways in immune evasion mechanisms of AML and potential application of immune checkpoint inhibitors for targeted immunotherapy of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Taghiloo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Asgarian-Omran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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87
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are capable of killing virally infected and/or cancerous cells. Nearly 20 years ago, NK cell-mediated immunotherapy emerged as a safe and effective treatment approach for patients with advanced-stage leukaemia. Subsequently, the field of NK cell-based cancer therapy has grown exponentially and currently constitutes a major area of immunotherapy innovation. In general, the development of NK cell-directed therapies has two main focal points: optimizing the source of therapeutic NK cells for adoptive transfer and enhancing NK cell cytotoxicity and persistence in vivo. A wide variety of sources of therapeutic NK cells are currently being tested clinically, including haploidentical NK cells, umbilical cord blood NK cells, stem cell-derived NK cells, NK cell lines, adaptive NK cells, cytokine-induced memory-like NK cells and chimeric antigen receptor NK cells. A plethora of methods to augment the cytotoxicity and longevity of NK cells are also under clinical investigation, including cytokine-based agents, NK cell-engager molecules and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. In this Review, we highlight the variety of ways in which diverse NK cell products and their auxiliary therapeutics are being leveraged to target human cancers. We also identify future avenues for NK cell therapy research.
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TIGIT presents earlier expression dynamic than PD-1 in activated CD8 + T cells and is upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112260. [PMID: 32890458 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are considered a critical component of antitumor immunity. However, tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells may express more than one checkpoint molecules that have the potential to inhibit effector responses alone or cooperatively. Here, we focused on the expression dynamic of TIGIT and PD-1 in CD8+ T cells. TIGIT+ subset presented significantly higher PD-1 expression than TIGIT- subset in circulating CD8+ T cells. The expression dynamic of TIGIT and PD-1 was then tracked. In total CD8+ T cells, TIGIT mRNA increased more rapidly than PD-1 mRNA, and TIGIT+ CD8+ T cells upregulated PD-1 more rapidly than TIGIT- CD8+ T cells. Next, 24-h-stimulated CD8+ T cells were re-sorted into TIGIT+ and TIGIT- subsets, and the TIGIT+ cells that came from TIGIT- cells also presented significantly more rapid PD-1 induction than persistent TIGIT- CD8+ T cells. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, the expression of PD-1 was more enriched in TIGIT+ cells than in TIGIT- cells in both circulating CD8+ T cells and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Function analysis revealed that TIGIT+ CD8 T cells presented lower interferon-gamma, perforin 1, and granzyme B upregulation than TIGIT- CD8 T cells, especially in NSCLC patients. Overall, these data indicated that TIGIT presented earlier expression dynamic than PD-1 in activated CD8+ T cells and was upregulated in NSCLC patients.
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Pozdeyev N, Erickson TA, Zhang L, Ellison K, Rivard CJ, Sams S, Hirsch FR, Haugen BR, French JD. Comprehensive Immune Profiling of Medullary Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2020; 30:1263-1279. [PMID: 32242507 PMCID: PMC7869888 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite advances in targeted kinase inhibitor development for patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), most patients develop resistance and would benefit from alternative approaches. Immune-based therapies are now considered for patients with progressive MTC. This study is the first comprehensive assessment of the immune milieu, immune-suppressive molecules, and potential tumor antigens in patients with MTC. Methods: Primary and/or regionally metastatic tumor tissues from 46 patients with MTC were screened for immune infiltrates by using standard immunohistochemistry (IHC) and further analyzed by multispectral imaging for T cell and myeloid markers. RNASeq expression profiling was performed in parallel. RNASeq, targeted sequencing, and IHC techniques identified cancer-associated mutations and MTC-enriched proteins. Results: Organized immune infiltration was observed in 49% and 90% of primary and metastatic tumors, respectively. CD8+ cells were the dominant T cell subtype in most samples, while CD163+ macrophages were most frequent among myeloid infiltrates. PD-1+ T cells were evident in 24% of patients. Myeloid subsets were largely major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII-), suggesting a dysfunctional phenotype. Expression profiling confirmed enrichment in T cell, macrophage, and inflammatory profiles in a subset of samples. PD-L1 was expressed at low levels in a small subset of patients, while the immune regulatory molecules CD155 and CD47 were broadly expressed. Calcitonin, GRP, HIST1H4E, NOMO3, and NPIPA2 were highly and specifically expressed in MTC. Mutations in tumor suppressors, PTEN and p53, and mismatch repair genes, MSH2 and MSH6, may be relevant to disease progression and antigenicity. Conclusions: This study suggests that MTC is a more immunologically active tumor that has been previously reported. Patients with advanced MTC should be screened for targetable antigens and immune checkpoints to determine their eligibility for current clinical trials. Additional studies are necessary to fully characterize the antigenic potential of MTC and may encourage the development of adoptive T cells therapies for this rare tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Pozdeyev
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy A. Erickson
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kim Ellison
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher J. Rivard
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sharon Sams
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Fred R. Hirsch
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bryan R. Haugen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jena D. French
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Address correspondence to: Jena D. French, PhD, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, RC1 South, 7401D, Campus Box 8106, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Valhondo I, Hassouneh F, Lopez-Sejas N, Pera A, Sanchez-Correa B, Guerrero B, Bergua JM, Arcos MJ, Bañas H, Casas-Avilés I, Sanchez-Garcia J, Serrano J, Martin C, Duran E, Alonso C, Solana R, Tarazona R. Characterization of the DNAM-1, TIGIT and TACTILE Axis on Circulating NK, NKT-Like and T Cell Subsets in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082171. [PMID: 32764229 PMCID: PMC7464787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a major clinical challenge due to poor overall survival, which is even more dramatic in elderly patients. TIGIT, an inhibitory receptor that interacts with CD155 and CD112 molecules, is considered as a checkpoint in T and NK cell activation. This receptor shares ligands with the co-stimulatory receptor DNAM-1 and with TACTILE. The aim of this work was to analyze the expression of DNAM-1, TIGIT and TACTILE in NK cells and T cell subsets in AML patients. Methods: We have studied 36 patients at the time of diagnosis of AML and 20 healthy volunteers. The expression of DNAM-1, TIGIT and TACTILE in NK cells and T cells, according to the expression of CD3 and CD56, was performed by flow cytometry. Results: NK cells, CD56− T cells and CD56+ T (NKT-like) cells from AML patients presented a reduced expression of DNAM-1 compared with healthy volunteers. An increased expression of TIGIT was observed in mainstream CD56− T cells. No differences were observed in the expression of TACTILE. Simplified presentation of incredibly complex evaluations (SPICE) analysis of the co-expression of DNAM-1, TIGIT and TACTILE showed an increase in NK and T cells lacking DNAM-1 and co-expressing TIGIT and TACTILE. Low percentages of DNAM-1−TIGIT+TACTILE+ NK cells and DNAM-1− TIGIT+TACTILE+ CD56− T cells were associated with a better survival of AML patients. Conclusions: The expression of DNAM-1 is reduced in NK cells and in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from AML patients compared with those from healthy volunteers. An increased percentage of NK and T cells lacking DNAM-1 and co-expressing TIGIT and TACTILE is associated with patient survival, supporting the role of TIGIT as a novel candidate for checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Valhondo
- Immunology Unit, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (I.V.); (F.H.); (N.L.-S.); (B.S.-C.); (B.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Fakhri Hassouneh
- Immunology Unit, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (I.V.); (F.H.); (N.L.-S.); (B.S.-C.); (B.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Nelson Lopez-Sejas
- Immunology Unit, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (I.V.); (F.H.); (N.L.-S.); (B.S.-C.); (B.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Alejandra Pera
- Department of Immunolgy and Allergy, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Sanchez-Correa
- Immunology Unit, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (I.V.); (F.H.); (N.L.-S.); (B.S.-C.); (B.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Beatriz Guerrero
- Immunology Unit, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (I.V.); (F.H.); (N.L.-S.); (B.S.-C.); (B.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Juan M. Bergua
- Department of Hematology, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (J.M.B.); (M.J.A.); (H.B.); (I.C.-A.)
| | - Maria Jose Arcos
- Department of Hematology, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (J.M.B.); (M.J.A.); (H.B.); (I.C.-A.)
| | - Helena Bañas
- Department of Hematology, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (J.M.B.); (M.J.A.); (H.B.); (I.C.-A.)
| | - Ignacio Casas-Avilés
- Department of Hematology, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (J.M.B.); (M.J.A.); (H.B.); (I.C.-A.)
| | - Joaquin Sanchez-Garcia
- Department of Hematology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-G.); (J.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Josefina Serrano
- Department of Hematology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-G.); (J.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Carmen Martin
- Department of Hematology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.S.-G.); (J.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Esther Duran
- Histology and Pathology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Corona Alonso
- Department of Immunolgy and Allergy, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (R.S.); Tel.: +34-957-011-536 (C.A. & R.S.)
| | - Rafael Solana
- Department of Immunolgy and Allergy, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (R.S.); Tel.: +34-957-011-536 (C.A. & R.S.)
| | - Raquel Tarazona
- Immunology Unit, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (I.V.); (F.H.); (N.L.-S.); (B.S.-C.); (B.G.); (R.T.)
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Dora D, Rivard C, Yu H, Bunn P, Suda K, Ren S, Lueke Pickard S, Laszlo V, Harko T, Megyesfalvi Z, Moldvay J, Hirsch FR, Dome B, Lohinai Z. Neuroendocrine subtypes of small cell lung cancer differ in terms of immune microenvironment and checkpoint molecule distribution. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1947-1965. [PMID: 32506804 PMCID: PMC7463307 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has recently been subcategorized into neuroendocrine (NE)-high and NE-low subtypes showing 'immune desert' and 'immune oasis' phenotypes, respectively. Here, we aimed to characterize the tumor microenvironment according to immune checkpoints and NE subtypes in human SCLC tissue samples at the protein level. In this cross-sectional study, we included 32 primary tumors and matched lymph node (LN) metastases of resected early-stage, histologically confirmed SCLC patients, which were previously clustered into NE subtypes using NE-associated key RNA genes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded TMAs with antibodies against CD45, CD3, CD8, MHCII, TIM3, immune checkpoint poliovirus receptor (PVR), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). The stroma was significantly more infiltrated by immune cells both in primary tumors and in LN metastases compared to tumor nests. Immune cell (CD45+ cell) density was significantly higher in tumor nests (P = 0.019), with increased CD8+ effector T-cell infiltration (P = 0.003) in NE-low vs NE-high tumors. The expression of IDO was confirmed on stromal and endothelial cells and was positively correlated with higher immune cell density both in primary tumors and in LN metastases, regardless of the NE pattern. Expression of IDO and PVR in tumor nests was significantly higher in NE-low primary tumors (vs NE-high, P < 0.05). We also found significantly higher MHC II expression by malignant cells in NE-low (vs NE-high, P = 0.004) tumors. TIM3 expression was significantly increased in NE-low (vs NE-high, P < 0.05) tumors and in LN metastases (vs primary tumors, P < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first human study that demonstrates in situ that NE-low SCLCs are associated with increased immune cell infiltration compared to NE-high tumors. PVR, IDO, MHCII, and TIM3 are emerging checkpoints in SCLC, with increased expression in the NE-low subtype, providing key insight for further prospective studies on potential biomarkers and targets for SCLC immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dora
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Christopher Rivard
- Division of Medical OncologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - Hui Yu
- Division of Medical OncologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - Paul Bunn
- Division of Medical OncologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - Kenichi Suda
- Division of Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineKindai UniversityOsaka‐SayamaJapan
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Shanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shivaun Lueke Pickard
- Division of Medical OncologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- National Korányi Institute of PulmonologyBudapestHungary
- Department of Thoracic SurgerySemmelweis University and National Institute of OncologyBudapestHungary
- Division of Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryComprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Tunde Harko
- National Korányi Institute of PulmonologyBudapestHungary
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- National Korányi Institute of PulmonologyBudapestHungary
- Department of Thoracic SurgerySemmelweis University and National Institute of OncologyBudapestHungary
- Division of Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryComprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Judit Moldvay
- National Korányi Institute of PulmonologyBudapestHungary
| | - Fred R. Hirsch
- Division of Medical OncologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
- Tisch Cancer InstituteCenter for Thoracic OncologyMount Sinai Health SystemNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Balazs Dome
- National Korányi Institute of PulmonologyBudapestHungary
- Department of Thoracic SurgerySemmelweis University and National Institute of OncologyBudapestHungary
- Division of Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryComprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Zoltan Lohinai
- National Korányi Institute of PulmonologyBudapestHungary
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92
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Checkpoint Inhibitors and Engineered Cells: New Weapons for Natural Killer Cell Arsenal Against Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071578. [PMID: 32610578 PMCID: PMC7407972 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells represent one of the first lines of defense against malignant cells. NK cell activation and recognition are regulated by a balance between activating and inhibitory receptors, whose specific ligands can be upregulated on tumor cells surface and tumor microenvironment (TME). Hematological malignancies set up an extensive network of suppressive factors with the purpose to induce NK cell dysfunction and impaired immune-surveillance ability. Over the years, several strategies have been developed to enhance NK cells-mediated anti-tumor killing, while other approaches have arisen to restore the NK cell recognition impaired by tumor cells and other cellular components of the TME. In this review, we summarize and discuss the strategies applied in hematological malignancies to block the immune check-points and trigger NK cells anti-tumor effects through engineered chimeric antigen receptors.
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93
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Mishra NK, Southekal S, Guda C. Prognostic value of biomarkers in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:615. [PMID: 32566552 PMCID: PMC7290607 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitish K Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Siddesh Southekal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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94
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Van Laethem F, Saba I, Lu J, Bhattacharya A, Tai X, Guinter TI, Engelhardt B, Alag A, Rojano M, Ashe JM, Hanada KI, Yang JC, Sun PD, Singer A. Novel MHC-Independent αβTCRs Specific for CD48, CD102, and CD155 Self-Proteins and Their Selection in the Thymus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1216. [PMID: 32612609 PMCID: PMC7308553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MHC-independent αβTCRs (TCRs) recognize conformational epitopes on native self-proteins and arise in mice lacking both MHC and CD4/CD8 coreceptor proteins. Although naturally generated in the thymus, these TCRs resemble re-engineered therapeutic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in their specificity for MHC-independent ligands. Here we identify naturally arising MHC-independent TCRs reactive to three native self-proteins (CD48, CD102, and CD155) involved in cell adhesion. We report that naturally arising MHC-independent TCRs require high affinity TCR-ligand engagements in the thymus to signal positive selection and that high affinity positive selection generates a peripheral TCR repertoire with limited diversity and increased self-reactivity. We conclude that the affinity of TCR-ligand engagements required to signal positive selection in the thymus inversely determines the diversity and self-tolerance of the mature TCR repertoire that is selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Van Laethem
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Ingrid Saba
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Jinghua Lu
- Structural Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Abhisek Bhattacharya
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Xuguang Tai
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Terry I Guinter
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, Faculty of Bern, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amala Alag
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Mirelle Rojano
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer M Ashe
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Ken-Ichi Hanada
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - James C Yang
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Peter D Sun
- Structural Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Alfred Singer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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95
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Qin Y, Jiang M, Tuerxung N, Wang H, Zhao F, Zhen Y, Hao J. Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Abnormal activation and jervine intervention. Gene 2020; 754:144881. [PMID: 32526259 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the roles of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in the occurrence and progression of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and further evaluate using jervine as therapeutic strategy for MDS by inhibiting Shh pathway. METHODS CD34+ cells from the bone marrow of 53 MDS patients were counted by flow cytometry and isolated by magnetic bead sorting. Shh, Smo, Ptch-1 and Gli-1 (involved in Shh pathway) in CD34+ cells were examined by RT-qPCR. Besides, the relationship between Shh pathway-related genes and the clinical features or prognosis of MDS were analyzed. Further, the effects of jervine on MUTZ-1 cells regarding their proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle as well as Shh pathway-related gene and protein expression were analyzed. RESULTS Gene expression level of Shh, Gli-1 and Smo was significantly increased in MDS patients. Herein, Smo and Gli-1 were correlated with chromosome karyotype classification and IPSS. MDS patients with high expression of Smo or Gli-1 had a poor prognosis. Jervine inhibited gene and protein expression of Shh, Smo, Ptch-1 and Gli-1. Besides, jervine suppressed the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of MUTZ-1 cells, as well as inhibited the transition of cells from G1 to S phase. CONCLUSION Shh signaling pathway of MDS patients is abnormally activated and participated in the occurrence and progression of MDS. Jervine intervention is a potential therapeutic strategy for MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuTing Qin
- Hematologic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province 830054, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Hematologic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province 830054, China
| | - Nilupar Tuerxung
- Hematologic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province 830054, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Hematologic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province 830054, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Hematologic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province 830054, China
| | - Yin Zhen
- Hematologic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province 830054, China
| | - Jianping Hao
- Hematologic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province 830054, China.
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96
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Wu Y, Yang S, Liu H, Luo S, Stinchcombe TE, Glass C, Su L, Shen S, Christiani DC, Wang Q, Wei Q. Novel genetic variants of KIR3DL2 and PVR involved in immunoregulatory interactions are associated with non-small cell lung cancer survival. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1770-1784. [PMID: 32642289 PMCID: PMC7339263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoregulatory interactions play a pivotal role in immune surveillance, recognition, and killing, particularly its internal pathway, likely playing an important role in immune escape. By using two genotyping datasets, one from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer screening trial (n = 1,185) as the discovery, and the other from Harvard Lung Cancer Susceptibility (HLCS) study (n = 984) as the validation, we evaluated associations between 4,713 genetic variants (338 genotyped and 4,375 imputed) in 60 genes involved in immunoregulatory interactions and survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found that 115 SNPs were significantly associated with NSCLC overall survival in the discovery, of which four remained significant after validation by the HLCS dataset after multiple test correction by Bayesian false discovery probability. Final combined analysis identified two independent SNPs (KIR3DL2 rs4487030 A>G and PVR rs35385129 C>A) that predicted NSCLC survival with a combined hazards ratio of 0.84 (95% confidence interval = 0.76-0.93, P = 0.001) and 0.84 (95% confidence interval = 0.73-0.97, P = 0.021), respectively. Besides, expression quantitative trait loci analyses showed that these two survival-associated SNPs of KRI3DL2 and PVR were significantly associated with their mRNA expression levels in both normal lung tissues and whole blood cells. Additional analyses suggested an oncogenic role for KRI3DL2 and a suppressor role for PVR on the survival. Once further validated, genetic variants of KIR3DL2 and PVR may be potential prognostic markers for NSCLC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou, China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of MedicineDurham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou, China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of MedicineDurham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of MedicineDurham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of MedicineDurham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas E Stinchcombe
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carolyn Glass
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of MedicineDurham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sipeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of MedicineDurham, NC 27710, USA
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97
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Jin W. Regulation of Src Family Kinases during Colorectal Cancer Development and Its Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051339. [PMID: 32456226 PMCID: PMC7281431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor kinases that play a critical role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression and activity of SFKs are upregulated in patients with CRC. Activation of SFKs promotes CRC cell proliferation, metastases to other organs and chemoresistance, as well as the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The enhanced expression level of Src is associated with decreased survival in patients with CRC. Src-mediated regulation of CRC progression involves various membrane receptors, modulators, and suppressors, which regulate Src activation and its downstream targets through various mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the correlations between Src and CRC progression, with a special focus on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance, and formation of CSCs. Additionally, this review discusses preclinical and clinical strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs targeting Src for treating patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
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98
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Zhou X, Ding X, Li H, Yang C, Ma Z, Xu G, Yang S, Zhang D, Xie X, Xin L, Luo X. Upregulation of TIGIT and PD-1 in Colorectal Cancer with Mismatch-repair Deficiency. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:338-355. [PMID: 32397769 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1758130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of General Surgery Center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhanbing Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guangxian Xu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shaoqi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Xie
- Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Luo
- Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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99
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Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors have become an efficient way to treat cancers. Indeed, anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD1, and anti-PDL-1 antibodies are now used as therapies for cancers. However, while these therapies are very efficient in certain tumors, they remain poorly efficient in others. This might be explained by the immune infiltrate, the expression of target molecules, and the influence of the tumor microenvironment. It is therefore critical to identify checkpoint antigens that represent alternative targets for immunotherapies. PVR-like molecules play regulatory roles in immune cell functions. These proteins are expressed by different cell types and have been shown to be upregulated in various malignancies. PVR and Nectin-2 are expressed by tumor cells as well as myeloid cells, while TIGIT, CD96, and DNAM-1 are expressed on effector lymphoid cells. PVR is able to bind DNAM-1, CD96, and TIGIT, which results in two distinct profiles of effector cell activation. Indeed, while binding to DNAM-1 induces the release of cytokines and cytotoxicity of cytotoxic effector cells, binding TIGIT induces an immunosuppressive and non-cytotoxic profile. PVR is also able to bind CD96, which induces an immunosuppressive response in murine models. Unfortunately, in humans, results remain contradictory, and this interaction might induce the activation or the suppression of the immune response. Similarly, Nectin-2 was shown to bind TIGIT and to induce regulatory profiles in effectors cells such as NK and T cells. Therefore, these data highlight the potential of each of the molecules of the “PVR–TIGIT axis” as a potential target for immune checkpoint therapy. However, many questions remain to be answered to fully understand the mechanisms of this synapse, in particular for human CD96 and Nectin-2, which are still understudied. Here, we review the recent advances in “PVR–TIGIT axis” research and discuss the potential of targeting this axis by checkpoint immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gorvel
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
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100
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Matissek SJ, Elsawa SF. GLI3: a mediator of genetic diseases, development and cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:54. [PMID: 32245491 PMCID: PMC7119169 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor GLI3 is a member of the Hedgehog (Hh/HH) signaling pathway that can exist as a full length (Gli3-FL/GLI3-FL) or repressor (Gli3-R/GLI3-R) form. In response to HH activation, GLI3-FL regulates HH genes by targeting the GLI1 promoter. In the absence of HH signaling, GLI3 is phosphorylated leading to its partial degradation and the generation of GLI3-R which represses HH functions. GLI3 is also involved in tissue development, immune cell development and cancer. The absence of Gli3 in mice impaired brain and lung development and GLI3 mutations in humans are the cause of Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (GCPS) and Pallister Hall syndromes (PHS). In the immune system GLI3 regulates B, T and NK-cells and may be involved in LPS-TLR4 signaling. In addition, GLI3 was found to be upregulated in multiple cancers and was found to positively regulate cancerous behavior such as anchorage-independent growth, angiogenesis, proliferation and migration with the exception in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and medulloblastoma where GLI plays an anti-cancerous role. Finally, GLI3 is a target of microRNA. Here, we will review the biological significance of GLI3 and discuss gaps in our understanding of this molecule. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan J. Matissek
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd Rudman 291, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - Sherine F. Elsawa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd Rudman 291, Durham, NH 03824 USA
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