51
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Urbanization and Human Population Favor Species Richness of Alien Birds. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human activities like urbanization and agriculture affect spatial biodiversity patterns. The presence and activities of humans richly benefit alien species, but native species usually decline in human-impacted areas. Considering that the richness of alien and native species are inter-related, we explored the effect of human population density, human-related land uses (agricultural and urban), and natural land area on avian (alien and native) species richness of Massachusetts for two time periods using Generalized Additive Models. Avian alien species richness increased with native species richness in both time periods. Despite the predominant role of native species richness as a major driver of alien species richness, human activities play an important additional role in shaping species richness patterns of established aliens. Human-related land uses (urban and agricultural) and human population favored alien species richness in both time periods. Counter to expectations, human activities were also positively associated to native avian species richness. Possible explanations of these patterns may include habitat heterogeneity, increased availability of resources, and reduced predation risk.
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52
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Moreno-Contreras I, Gómez de Silva H, Andrade-González V, Vital-García C, Ortiz-Ramírez MF. Disentangling an avian assemblages’ evolutionary and functional history in a Chihuahuan desert city. Urban Ecosyst 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-019-00864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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53
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Iglesias-Carrasco M, Duchêne DA, Head ML, Møller AP, Cain K. Sex in the city: sexual selection and urban colonization in passerines. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20190257. [PMID: 31480935 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization leads to a rapid and drastic transformation of habitats, forcing native fauna to manage novel ecological challenges or to move. Sexual selection is a powerful evolutionary force, which is sometimes predicted to enhance the ability of species to adapt to novel environments because it allows females to choose high-quality males, but other times is predicted to reduce the viability of populations because it pushes males beyond naturally selected optima. However, we do not know whether or how sexual selection contributes to the likelihood that animals will establish in urban areas. We use a comparative analysis of passerine birds to test whether traits associated with pre- and post-mating sexual selection predict successful colonization of urban areas. We found that plumage dichromatism was negatively associated with urban tolerance, but found no relationship with sexual size dimorphism or testes mass relative to body mass. While we cannot determine the exact reason why species with high plumage dichromatism occur less in cities, it is likely that urban areas increase the costs of expressing bright coloration due, for instance, to dietary constraints, limited male parental care or increased predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Iglesias-Carrasco
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - David A Duchêne
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Megan L Head
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anders P Møller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud CNRS AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, France.,College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, People's Republic of China
| | - Kristal Cain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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54
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Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Pineda-Pampliega J, Thomson RL, Aguirre JI, Díez-Fernández A, Faivre B, Figuerola J, Verhulst S. Urban blackbirds have shorter telomeres. Biol Lett 2019; 14:rsbl.2018.0083. [PMID: 29563283 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization, one of the most extreme human-induced environmental changes, represents a major challenge for many organisms. Anthropogenic habitats can have opposing effects on different fitness components, for example, by decreasing starvation risk but also health status. Assessment of the net fitness effect of anthropogenic habitats is therefore difficult. Telomere length is associated with phenotypic quality and mortality rate in many species, and the rate of telomere shortening is considered an integrative measure of the 'life stress' experienced by an individual. This makes telomere length a promising candidate for examining the effects of urbanization on the health status of individuals. We investigated whether telomere length differed between urban and forest-dwelling common blackbirds (Turdus merula). Using the terminal restriction fragment assay, we analysed telomere length in yearlings and older adults from five population dyads (urban versus forest) across Europe. In both age classes, urban blackbirds had significantly shorter telomeres (547 bp) than blackbirds in natural habitats, indicating lower health status in urban blackbirds. We propose several potential hypotheses to explain our results. Our findings show that even successful city dwellers such as blackbirds pay a price for living in these anthropogenic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands .,Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Pineda-Pampliega
- Departament of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert L Thomson
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa.,Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - José I Aguirre
- Departament of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alazne Díez-Fernández
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Bruno Faivre
- UMR CNRS 6282, Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Simon Verhulst
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
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55
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Hensley CB, Trisos CH, Warren PS, MacFarland J, Blumenshine S, Reece J, Katti M. Effects of Urbanization on Native Bird Species in Three Southwestern US Cities. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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56
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Gallo T, Fidino M, Lehrer EW, Magle S. Urbanization alters predator‐avoidance behaviours. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:793-803. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis Gallo
- Department of Conservation and ScienceUrban Wildlife InstituteLincoln Park Zoo Chicago Illinois
| | - Mason Fidino
- Department of Conservation and ScienceUrban Wildlife InstituteLincoln Park Zoo Chicago Illinois
| | - Elizabeth W. Lehrer
- Department of Conservation and ScienceUrban Wildlife InstituteLincoln Park Zoo Chicago Illinois
| | - Seth Magle
- Department of Conservation and ScienceUrban Wildlife InstituteLincoln Park Zoo Chicago Illinois
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57
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Callaghan CT, Major RE, Wilshire JH, Martin JM, Kingsford RT, Cornwell WK. Generalists are the most urban‐tolerant of birds: a phylogenetically controlled analysis of ecological and life history traits using a novel continuous measure of bird responses to urbanization. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey T. Callaghan
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Richard E. Major
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Australian Museum Res. Inst Sydney NSW Australia
| | - John H. Wilshire
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - John M. Martin
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Richard T. Kingsford
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - William K. Cornwell
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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58
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Exposure to Pb impairs breeding success and is associated with longer lifespan in urban European blackbirds. Sci Rep 2019; 9:486. [PMID: 30679484 PMCID: PMC6345771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several factors have been highlighted to explain the influence of urbanization on bird fitness and survival, the role of persistent toxicants such as lead (Pb), which is typically present in urban areas worldwide, has seldom been studied despite the ecological importance of such a widespread stressor. Studying free-living European blackbirds (Turdus merula) in city parks, we tested the hypothesis that low-dose chronic exposure to Pb could shape the life-history traits of urban birds. The feather concentrations of Pb and cadmium were typical of urban areas and low-to-moderate contamination of sites. Although the lifetime breeding success of females decreased with increasing exposure to Pb, the lifespan and survival probabilities of blackbirds increased with Pb contamination regardless of gender. Breeding effort-dependent patterns in the relationship between lifespan and Pb levels were highlighted. No significant relationships were detected between cadmium and life-history traits. The results suggest a possible trade-off between self-maintenance and reproduction, with the most affected birds redirecting allocations towards their own survival, which is consistent with the “stress hormone hypothesis”. These findings suggest that Pb pollution in urban environments may shape avian ecological features and be one of the drivers of wildlife responses to urbanization and that some urban areas may function as ecological traps driven by pollutants.
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59
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MacLean SA, Rios Dominguez AF, de Valpine P, Beissinger SR. A century of climate and land-use change cause species turnover without loss of beta diversity in California's Central Valley. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:5882-5894. [PMID: 30267548 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate and land-use changes are thought to be the greatest threats to biodiversity, but few studies have directly measured their simultaneous impacts on species distributions. We used a unique historic resource-early 20th-century bird surveys conducted by Joseph Grinnell and colleagues-paired with contemporary resurveys a century later to examine changes in bird distributions in California's Central Valley, one of the most intensively modified agricultural zones in the world and a region of heterogeneous climate change. We analyzed species- and community-level occupancy using multispecies occupancy models that explicitly accounted for imperfect detection probability, and developed a novel, simulation-based method to compare the relative influences of climate and land-use covariates on site-level species richness and beta diversity (measured by Jaccard similarity). Surprisingly, we show that mean occupancy, species richness and between-site similarity have remained remarkably stable over the past century. Stability in community-level metrics masked substantial changes in species composition; occupancy declines of some species were equally matched by increases in others, predominantly species with generalist or human-associated habitat preferences. Bird occupancy, richness and diversity within each era were driven most strongly by water availability (precipitation and percent water cover), indicating that both climate and land-use are important drivers of species distributions. Water availability had much stronger effects than temperature, urbanization and agricultural cover, which are typically thought to drive biodiversity decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A MacLean
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Andrea F Rios Dominguez
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Perry de Valpine
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Steven R Beissinger
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California
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60
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Palacio FX, Ibañez LM, Maragliano RE, Montalti D. Urbanization as a driver of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity losses in bird communities. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization is one of the most important threats to biodiversity worldwide, as it drives declines in species diversity, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity and increases functional redundancy among species. We estimated taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities, as well as the abundance of several functional groups, in bird communities from a town in east-central Argentina in 1985–1986 and 30 years after (2015–2016). In 1985–1986, we found that taxonomic diversity (abundance, species richness, and alpha diversity), functional richness, and basal phylogenetic diversity were negatively related to building cover, whereas terminal phylogenetic diversity showed a positive relationship with building cover. Moreover, the abundance of specialized functional groups (ground, aerial, and foliage insectivores; nectarivores/insectivores; ground/canopy and ground granivores) decreased with increased building cover, whereas the reverse pattern for the abundance of generalists (medium-sized/large and small omnivores) was found. In 2015–2016, by contrast, taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities were not related to building cover. Our results not only support the hypothesis that urbanization affects the potential number of ecosystem functions, but also that this relationship may change through time. Given the accelerated rate of urbanization worldwide, an integrative approach between different facets of biodiversity is promoted to gain insight into the response of bird communities in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo X. Palacio
- Sección Ornitología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía M. Ibañez
- Sección Ornitología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - René E. Maragliano
- Instituto de Formación Docente y Técnica N° 35, Amat 279, B1842, Monte Grande, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Montalti
- Sección Ornitología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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61
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Persistence-Based Area Prioritization for Conservation: Applying Occupancy and Habitat Threats and Risks Analyses. JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.3996/112017-jfwm-089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Effective habitat conservation is predicated on maintaining high levels or increasing local persistence probability of the species it purports to protect. Thus, methodological approaches that improve the inferential value of local persistence are of utmost value to guide conservation planning as they inform area selection processes. Herein we used the painted bunting Passerina ciris, a species of conservation interest in North Carolina, as an illustrative case that combined single-season, single-species occupancy analyses and a threats and risk decision support tool to rank five areas of conservation interest in terms of local persistence probability. We used survey data from two seasons (2008–2009) grouped into 21 natal dispersal sampling units and land-cover data from 12 habitat classes to establish the relationship between local occupancy probability and habitat. Occupancy increased most strongly with increasing amount of maritime forest. Projections to year 2050, relative to year 2000, indicated that a potential loss of maritime forest of 200–1,300 ha, depending on the area of interest. Projected loss was lowest at Bald Head Island–Wilmington (2%) and highest at Camp Lejune (27%). Bald Head Island–Wilmington ranked highest in projected local persistence probability (0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.53–0.99), whereas Top Sail–Hammocks Beach Park ranked lowest (0.28; 95% CI = 0.03–0.82). Estimates of local persistence offer decision-makers another criterion to prioritize areas for conservation and help guide efforts aimed at maintaining or enhancing local persistence. These include in situ habitat management, expanding or connecting existing areas of interest. In the future, we recommend the use of multiseason occupancy models, coupled with measures of uncertainty of land-cover projections, to strengthen inferences about local persistence, particularly useful in nonstationary landscapes driven by human activities.
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62
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Greenberg DA, Palen WJ, Chan KC, Jetz W, Mooers AØ. Evolutionarily distinct amphibians are disproportionately lost from human-modified ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1530-1540. [PMID: 30133091 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Humans continue to alter terrestrial ecosystems, but our understanding of how biodiversity responds is still limited. Anthropogenic habitat conversion has been associated with the loss of evolutionarily distinct bird species at local scales, but whether this evolutionary pattern holds across other clades is unknown. We collate a global dataset on amphibian assemblages in intact forests and nearby human-modified sites to assess whether evolutionary history influences susceptibility to land conversion. We found that evolutionarily distinct amphibian species are disproportionately lost when forested habitats are converted to alternative land-uses. We tested the hypothesis that grassland-associated amphibian lineages have both higher diversification and are pre-adapted to human landscapes, but found only weak evidence supporting this. The loss of evolutionarily distinct amphibians with land conversion suggests that preserving remnant forests will be vital if we aim to preserve the amphibian tree of life in the face of mounting anthropogenic pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - W J Palen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - W Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Ø Mooers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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63
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Callaghan CT, Major RE, Lyons MB, Martin JM, Kingsford RT. The effects of local and landscape habitat attributes on bird diversity in urban greenspaces. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corey T. Callaghan
- Centre for Ecosystem Science; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Richard E. Major
- Centre for Ecosystem Science; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Australian Museum Research Institute; Australian Museum; 1 William Street Sydney New South Wales 2010 Australia
| | - Mitchell B. Lyons
- Centre for Ecosystem Science; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - John M. Martin
- Centre for Ecosystem Science; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust; Mrs Macquaries Road Sydney New South Wales 2000 Australia
| | - Richard T. Kingsford
- Centre for Ecosystem Science; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; UNSW Sydney; Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
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64
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Salmón P, Stroh E, Herrera-Dueñas A, von Post M, Isaksson C. Oxidative stress in birds along a NO x and urbanisation gradient: An interspecific approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:635-643. [PMID: 29223087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Urbanisation is regarded as one of the most threatening global issues for wildlife, however, measuring its impact is not always straight forward. Oxidative stress physiology has been suggested to be a useful biomarker of health and therefore, a potentially important indicator of the impact that urban environmental stressors, especially air pollution, can have on wildlife. For example, nitrogen oxides (NOx), released during incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, are highly potent pro-oxidants, thus predicted to affect either the protective antioxidants and/or cause oxidative damage to bio-molecules. To date, epidemiological modelling of the predicted association between oxidative stress and NOx exposure has not been performed in wild animals. Here, we address this short-coming, by investigating multiple oxidative stress markers in four common passerine bird species, the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), great tit (Parus major), house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and tree sparrow (Passer montanus), living along a gradient of NOx and urbanisation levels in southern Sweden. First of all, the results revealed that long- and medium-term (one month and one week, respectively) NOx levels were highly correlated with the level of urbanisation. This confirms that the commonly used urbanisation index is a reliable proxy for urban air pollution. Furthermore, in accordance to our prediction, individuals exposed to higher long- and medium-term NOx levels/urbanisation had higher plasma antioxidant capacity. However, only tree sparrows showed higher oxidative damage (protein carbonyls) in relation to NOx levels and this association was absent with urbanisation. Lipid peroxidation, glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels did not co-vary with NOx/urbanisation. Given that most oxidative stress biomarkers showed strong species-specificity, independent of variation in NOx/urbanisation, the present study highlights the need to study variation in oxidative stress across contexts, seasons and life-stages in order to understand how the ecology and phylogeny of species interact to affect species resilience to urban environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salmón
- Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Emilie Stroh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Amparo Herrera-Dueñas
- Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, Sweden; Evolution and Conservation Biology, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria von Post
- Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Isaksson
- Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, Sweden
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65
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La Sorte FA, Lepczyk CA, Aronson MFJ, Goddard MA, Hedblom M, Katti M, MacGregor‐Fors I, Mörtberg U, Nilon CH, Warren PS, Williams NSG, Yang J. The phylogenetic and functional diversity of regional breeding bird assemblages is reduced and constricted through urbanization. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Myla F. J. Aronson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - Mark A. Goddard
- Sustainability Research Institute School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds UK
| | - Marcus Hedblom
- Department of Swedish Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Madhusudan Katti
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Chancellor's Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public Science North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - Ian MacGregor‐Fors
- Red de Ambiente y Sustentabilidad Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL) Xalapa México
| | - Ulla Mörtberg
- Environmental Management and Assessment Research Group KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Charles H. Nilon
- School of Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
| | - Paige S. Warren
- Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA
| | | | - Jun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China
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66
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Leveau LM, Jokimäki J, Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki ML. Scale dependence of biotic homogenisation by urbanisation: a comparison of urban bird communities between central Argentina and northern Finland. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/eje-2017-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRecent studies showed contrasting results about the homogenising force of urbanisation on bird community composition at large and regional scales. We studied whether urbanisation promotes the homogenisation of wintering bird communities and if this varies when comparing towns located within a specific region and towns located in two different biomes of two countries. We used both similarity indices based on the presence/absence data and the abundance data in comparing communities. Processes governing bird community dissimilarity between urbanisation levels were examined with the partitioning of Sörensen index in species turnover and nestedness. We made bird surveys in town centres and suburban habitats of three cities located in the Pampean region of Argentina and in the boreal region of Finland using a single-visit study plot method. Rarefacted species richness did not differ amongst the town centres between the countries, but it was higher in the suburban areas of Argentina than in Finland. At the country-level comparison, we found a higher similarity amongst the town centres than amongst the suburban areas; whereas at the regional comparison, similarity between town centres was comparable to the similarity between suburban areas. The use of an abundance-based index produced a higher similarity between town centre communities of both countries than when using a presence-based index. The dissimilarity between habitats in Argentina was related to nestedness and to species turnover in Finland. Our results indicate that urban-based biotic homogenisation of bird communities is dependent on the scale used, being more evident when comparing cities of different biomes where the same and abundant bird species, such as sparrows and doves, dominate. At the regional scale, quite a high beta-diversity can still be found within urban habitats. Processes of community dissimilarity between urban habitats may differ according to the regional pool of species, being more related to nestedness toward the tropics.
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67
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Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Rubio E, Bitrus Zira K. The Degree of Urbanization of a Species Affects How Intensively It Is Studied: A Global Perspective. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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