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Extract of Zuojin Pill ([characters: see text]) induces apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells via mitochondria-dependent pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 21:837-45. [PMID: 25847773 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of water extract of Zuojin Pill ([characters: see text], ZJP) on inhibiting the growth of human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 and its potential mechanism. METHODS Effects of ZJP on SGC-7901 cells growth were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell apoptosis and cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry, and apoptosis induction was detected by means of DNA gel electrophoresis. The cellular mechanism of drug-induced cell death was unraveled by assaying oxidative injury level of SGC-7901 cell, mitochondrial membrane potentials, expression of apoptosis-related genes, such as B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9. RESULTS ZJP exerted evident inhibitory effect on SGC-7901 cells by activating production of reactive oxygen species and elevating Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in SGC-7901 cells, leading to attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS ZJP inhibits the cancer cell growth via activating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. ZJP can potentially serve as an antitumor agent.
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Hou Q, He WJ, Chen L, Hao HJ, Liu JJ, Dong L, Tong C, Li MR, Zhou ZZ, Han WD, Fu XB. Effects of the Four-Herb Compound ANBP on Wound Healing Promotion in Diabetic Mice. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2015; 14:335-42. [PMID: 25795279 DOI: 10.1177/1534734615575244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a troublesome problem in diabetic patients. Besides, there is also an increased risk of postsurgical wound complications for diabetic patient. It has been revealed that traditional Chinese medicine may promote healing and inhibit scar formation, while the changes of morphology and physiology of wounds on such medicine treatment still remain elusive. In this study, we first used the ultralow temperature preparation method to produce mixed superfine powder from Agrimonia pilosa (A), Nelumbo nucifera (N), Boswellia carteri (B), and Pollen typhae (P), named as ANBP. Applying ANBP on 40 streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice (4-6 weeks, 20 ± 2 g), we observed that the wound healing process was accelerated and the wound healing time was shortened (14 days, P < .05). Pathological observation using hematoxylin-eosin staining indicated that inflammatory cells were reduced (P < .05) while the thickness of granulation tissue and length of epithelial tongue were increased (P < .05). The vascular density was increased on 7 and 14 days after ANBP treatment. Masson and Sirius red staining showed that, at the early stage of trauma, the expressions of Col I and Col III, especially Col III, were increased in the ANBP group (P < .05). Studies in vitro demonstrated that tubular formation was significantly increased after ANBP treatment on human vascular endothelial cells in a dose-dependent way. Taken together, our studies revealed that ANBP treatment could accelerate wound healing, promote vascularization, and inhibit inflammation, suggesting the potential clinic application of ANBP for diabetes mellitus and refractory wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hou
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China Chinese PLA 148th Hospital, Zibo, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun He
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China The First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Jie Hao
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Jie Liu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Dong
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Tong
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Rong Li
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Zhi Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Han
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Fu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China The First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Cheng WE, Ying Chang M, Wei JY, Chen YJ, Maa MC, Leu TH. Berberine reduces Toll-like receptor-mediated macrophage migration by suppression of Src enhancement. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 757:1-10. [PMID: 25796198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Berberine is an isoquinoline with anti-inflammatory activity. We previously demonstrated that there was a loop of signal amplification between nuclear factor kappa B and Src for macrophage mobility triggered by the engagement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The simultaneous suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, and cell mobility in berberine-treated macrophages suggested Src might be a target of berberine. Indeed, th reduced migration, greatly suppressed Src induction in both protein and RNA transcript by berberine were observed in macrophages exposed to LPS, peptidoglycan, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides. In addition to Src induction, berberine also inhibited LPS-mediated Src activation in Src overexpressing macrophages and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (a nitric oxide donor) could partly restore it. Moreover, berberine suppressed Src activity in fibronectin-stimulated macrophages and in v-Src transformed cells. These results implied that by effectively reducing Src expression and activity, berberine inhibited TLR-mediated cell motility in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Erh Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Miao Ying Chang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jyun-Yan Wei
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Jen Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Chei Maa
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Tzeng-Horng Leu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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Elaborating the role of natural products-induced autophagy in cancer treatment: achievements and artifacts in the state of the art. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:934207. [PMID: 25821829 PMCID: PMC4363717 DOI: 10.1155/2015/934207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic process that is highly conserved across different types of mammalian cells. Autophagy is able to relieve tumor cell from nutrient and oxidative stress during the rapid expansion of cancer. Excessive and sustained autophagy may lead to cell death and tumor shrinkage. It was shown in literature that many anticancer natural compounds and extracts could initiate autophagy in tumor cells. As summarized in this review, the tumor suppressive action of natural products-induced autophagy may lead to cell senescence, provoke apoptosis-independent cell death, and complement apoptotic cell death by robust or target-specific mechanisms. In some cases, natural products-induced autophagy could protect tumor cells from apoptotic death. Technical variations in detecting autophagy affect data quality, and study focus should be made on elaborating the role of autophagy in deciding cell fate. In vivo study monitoring of autophagy in cancer treatment is expected to be the future direction. The clinical-relevant action of autophagy-inducing natural products should be highlighted in future study. As natural products are an important resource in discovery of lead compound of anticancer drug, study on the role of autophagy in tumor suppressive effect of natural products continues to be necessary and emerging.
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Hou Q, He WJ, Hao HJ, Han QW, Chen L, Dong L, Liu JJ, Li X, Zhang YJ, Ma YZ, Han WD, Fu XB. The four-herb Chinese medicine ANBP enhances wound healing and inhibits scar formation via bidirectional regulation of transformation growth factor pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112274. [PMID: 25489732 PMCID: PMC4260828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The four-herb Chinese medicine ANBP is a pulverized mixture of four herbs including Agrimonia Eupatoria (A), Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn (N), Boswellia Carteri (B) and Pollen Typhae Angustifoliae (P). The combination of the four herbs was first described in Chinese canonical medicine about 2000 years ago for treatment of various trauma disorders, such as hemostasis, antiinflammatory, analgesia, and wound healing, etc. However, the precise mechanisms of ANBP are still unclear. In our study, using rabbit ear hypertrophic scar models of full-thickness skin defect, we showed that local ANBP treatment not only significantly enhanced wound healing by relieving inflammation, increasing formation of granulation tissue and accelerating re-epithelialization, but also reduced scar formation by decreasing collagen production, protuberant height and volume of scars, and increasing collagen maturity. We demonstrated that these effects of ANBP are associated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-mediated signalling pathways through Smad-dependent pathways. ANBP treatment significantly increased expression of TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 mRNA at the early stage of wound healing, and led to markedly decrease expression of TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 compared with the control group after 14 days post-wounding. Taken together, our results defined a bidirectional regulation role of ANBP for TGF-β1/Smad pathway in promoting wound healing and alleviating scar formation, which may be an effective therapy for human wounds at the earliest stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hou
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chinese PLA 148th Hospital, Zibo, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jun He
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Jie Hao
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Wang Han
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Liang Dong
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Jie Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Han
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Fu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
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Shukla S, Rizvi F, Raisuddin S, Kakkar P. FoxO proteins' nuclear retention and BH3-only protein Bim induction evoke mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated apoptosis in berberine-treated HepG2 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:185-99. [PMID: 25128467 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian forkhead-box family members belonging to the 'O' category (FoxO) manipulate a plethora of genes modulating a wide array of cellular functions including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and energy metabolism. FoxO overexpression and nuclear accumulation have been reported to show correlation with hindered tumor growth in vitro and size in vivo, while FoxO's downregulation via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway has been linked with tumor promotion. In this study, we have explored for the first time intervention of berberine, a plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloid, with FoxO family proteins in hepatoma cells. We observed that berberine significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of both FoxO1 and FoxO3a. Their phosphorylation-mediated cytoplasmic sequestration followed by degradation was prevented by berberine-induced downmodulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway which promoted FoxO nuclear retention. PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene and negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt axis, was upregulated while phosphorylation of its Ser380 residue (possible mechanism of PTEN degradation) was significantly decreased in treated HepG2 cells. Exposure to berberine induced a significant increase in transcriptional activity of FoxO, as shown by GFP reporter assay. FoxO transcription factors effectively heightened BH3-only protein Bim expression, which in turn, being a direct activator of proapoptotic protein Bax, altered Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, culminating into mitochondrial dysfunction, caspases activation, and DNA fragmentation. The pivotal role of Bim in berberine-mediated cytotoxicity was further corroborated by knockdown experiments where Bim-silencing partially restored HepG2 cell viability during berberine exposure. In addition, a correlation between oxidative overload and FoxO's nuclear accumulation via JNK activation was evident as berberine treatment led to a pronounced increase in JNK phosphorylation together with enhanced ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and diminished glutathione levels. Thus, our findings suggest that the antiproliferative effect of berberine may in part be due to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis with Bim acting as a pivotal downstream factor of FoxO-induced transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatrunajay Shukla
- Herbal Research Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Fatima Rizvi
- Herbal Research Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, India.
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57
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Chen H, Lam Fok K, Jiang X, Chan HC. New insights into germ cell migration and survival/apoptosis in spermatogenesis: Lessons from CD147. SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 2:264-272. [PMID: 23248767 PMCID: PMC3521748 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CD147, also named basigin (Bsg) or extracellular matrix (ECM) metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), is a highly glycosylated protein first identified as a tumor cell surface molecule. In cancer, it is well established that CD147 promotes metastasis by stimulating the production of MMPs. Recent studies have also suggested that it may be associated with tumor growth and angiogenesis. Interestingly, CD147 is expressed in germ cells of different development stages in the testis and its knockout mice are infertile, indicating an essential role of CD147 in spermatogenesis. While the detailed involvement of CD147 in spermatogenesis remains elusive, our recent findings have revealed a dual role of CD147 in germ cell development. On the one hand, it regulates the migration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes via the induction of MMP-2 production; on the other hand, it specifically regulates the survival/apoptosis of spermatocytes but not spermatogonia through a p53-independent pathway. In this review, we aim to provide an overview on the functions of CD147, comparing its roles in cancer and the testis, thereby providing new insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the process of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University; Shenzhen, P.R. China ; Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center; School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, Hong Kong
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58
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Guo N, Yan A, Gao X, Chen Y, He X, Hu Z, Mi M, Tang X, Gou X. Berberine sensitizes rapamycin‑mediated human hepatoma cell death in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:3132-8. [PMID: 25310356 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin is clinically used as an immunosuppressant. Increasing evidence suggests that rapamycin has an important inhibitory role in the development and progression of different types of cancer and that it is a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from medicinal plant species, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine with no significant side effects. Recent research has demonstrated that berberine has anticancer activity against various types of cancer, mediated through the suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro synergistic anticancer effect of combined treatment of rapamycin at various concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100 and 200 nM) and berberine (62.5 µM) in SMMC7721 and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, and the potential underlying molecular mechanism. The combined use of rapamycin and berberine was found to have a synergistic cytotoxic effect, with berberine observed to maintain the cyotoxic effect of rapamycin on HCC cells at a lower rapamycin concentration. Moreover, the cells treated with the combination of the two agents exhibited significantly decreased protein levels of phosphorylated (p)‑p70S6 kinase 1 (Thr389), the downstream effector of mTOR, compared with the cells treated with rapamycin or berberine alone. Furthermore, overexpression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 147, a transmembrance glycoprotein associated with the anticancer effects of berberine, was found to upregulate p‑mTOR expression and inhibit cell death in SMMC7721 cells co‑treated with rapamycin and berberine. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that the combined use of rapamycin and berberine may improve HCC therapy through synergistically inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, which is at least in part, mediated through CD147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, X'ian Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Aili Yan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, X'ian Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Xingchun Gao
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, X'ian Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Yanke Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xinying He
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, X'ian Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Zhifang Hu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, X'ian Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Man Mi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, X'ian Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Xu Tang
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, Sichuan 721000, P.R. China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, X'ian Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
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shRNA-Mediated EMMPRIN Silencing Inhibits Human Leukemic Monocyte Lymphoma U937 Cell Proliferation and Increases Chemosensitivity to Adriamycin. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:827-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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60
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Berberine-induced tumor suppressor p53 up-regulation gets involved in the regulatory network of MIR-23a in hepatocellular carcinoma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:849-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang WG, Liu XF, Meng KW, Hu SY. Puerarin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2752-8. [PMID: 25175767 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, a predominant isoflavonoid compound extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Radix Puerariae, is considered to exhibit an antitumor effect. In the present study, the effects of puerarin on SMMC-7721 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells were investigated. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyante staining and morphological observation of nuclear changes by Hoechst staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was monitored using rhodamine 123. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified using dichloro‑dihydro‑fluorescein diacetate. Polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis‑associated genes. The results revealed that high concentrations of puerarin (500, 1,000 and 1,500 µg/ml) significantly inhibited the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Simultaneously, apoptotic rates were increased and cell morphology was changed following puerarin treatment. Furthermore, puerarin‑induced apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells was associated with loss of MMP and generation of ROS. Puerarin treatment increased caspase‑3,8,9 and apoptosis‑inducing factor (AIF) mRNA expression levels in SMMC‑7721 cells, while the phosphorylation levels of P38, extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK1) and c-Jun N‑terminal kinase were also increased. Furthermore, caspase-9 and AIF protein expression was upregulated. In conclusion, puerarin inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in SMMC‑7721 cells via the mitochondria‑dependent pathway; however, the specific mechanisms require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Wei Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - San-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Ortiz LMG, Lombardi P, Tillhon M, Scovassi AI. Berberine, an epiphany against cancer. Molecules 2014; 19:12349-67. [PMID: 25153862 PMCID: PMC6271598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190812349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases. These compounds are synthesized in plants as secondary metabolites and have multiple effects on cellular metabolism. Among plant derivatives with biological properties, the isoquinoline quaternary alkaloid berberine possesses a broad range of therapeutic uses against several diseases. In recent years, berberine has been reported to inhibit cell proliferation and to be cytotoxic towards cancer cells. Based on this evidence, many derivatives have been synthesized to improve berberine efficiency and selectivity; the results so far obtained on human cancer cell lines support the idea that they could be promising agents for cancer treatment. The main properties of berberine and derivatives will be illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Lombardi
- Naxospharma, Via Giuseppe di Vittorio 70, Novate Milanese 20026, Italy.
| | - Micol Tillhon
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Anna Ivana Scovassi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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Calabro SR, Maczurek AE, Morgan AJ, Tu T, Wen VW, Yee C, Mridha A, Lee M, d'Avigdor W, Locarnini SA, McCaughan GW, Warner FJ, McLennan SV, Shackel NA. Hepatocyte produced matrix metalloproteinases are regulated by CD147 in liver fibrogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90571. [PMID: 25076423 PMCID: PMC4116334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The classical paradigm of liver injury asserts that hepatic stellate cells (HSC) produce, remodel and turnover the abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) of fibrosis via matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In extrahepatic tissues MMP production is regulated by a number of mechanisms including expression of the glycoprotein CD147. Previously, we have shown that CD147 is expressed on hepatocytes but not within the fibrotic septa in cirrhosis [1]. Therefore, we investigated if hepatocytes produce MMPs, regulated by CD147, which are capable of remodelling fibrotic ECM independent of the HSC. METHODS Non-diseased, fibrotic and cirrhotic livers were examined for MMP activity and markers of fibrosis in humans and mice. CD147 expression and MMP activity were co-localised by in-situ zymography. The role of CD147 was studied in-vitro with siRNA to CD147 in hepatocytes and in-vivo in mice with CCl4 induced liver injury using ãCD147 antibody intervention. RESULTS In liver fibrosis in both human and mouse tissue MMP expression and activity (MMP-2, -9, -13 and -14) increased with progressive injury and localised to hepatocytes. Additionally, as expected, MMPs were abundantly expressed by activated HSC. Further, with progressive fibrosis there was expression of CD147, which localised to hepatocytes but not to HSC. Functionally significant in-vitro regulation of hepatocyte MMP production by CD147 was demonstrated using siRNA to CD147 that decreased hepatocyte MMP-2 and -9 expression/activity. Further, in-vivo α-CD147 antibody intervention decreased liver MMP-2, -9, -13, -14, TGF-β and α-SMA expression in CCl4 treated mice compared to controls. CONCLUSION We have shown that hepatocytes produce active MMPs and that the glycoprotein CD147 regulates hepatocyte MMP expression. Targeting CD147 regulates hepatocyte MMP production both in-vitro and in-vivo, with the net result being reduced fibrotic matrix turnover in-vivo. Therefore, CD147 regulation of hepatocyte MMP is a novel pathway that could be targeted by future anti-fibrogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Calabro
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annette E. Maczurek
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison J. Morgan
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Tu
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria W. Wen
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christine Yee
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Auvro Mridha
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maggie Lee
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William d'Avigdor
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Geoffrey W. McCaughan
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona J. Warner
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan V. McLennan
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Shackel
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Jabbarzadeh Kaboli P, Rahmat A, Ismail P, Ling KH. Targets and mechanisms of berberine, a natural drug with potential to treat cancer with special focus on breast cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:584-95. [PMID: 24973693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and novel therapeutic agents are needed to treat this disease. The plant-based alkaloid berberine has potential therapeutic applications for breast cancer, although a better understanding of the genes and cellular pathways regulated by this compound is needed to define the mechanism of its action in cancer treatment. In this review, the molecular targets of berberine in various cancers, particularly breast cancer, are discussed. Berberine was shown to be effective in inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis in various cancerous cells. Some signaling pathways affected by berberine, including the MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, are critical for reducing cellular migration and sensitivity to various growth factors. This review will discuss recent studies and consider the application of new prospective approaches based on microRNAs and other crucial regulators for use in future studies to define the action of berberine in cancer. The effects of berberine on cancer cell survival and proliferation are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Patimah Ismail
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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65
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Multiple effects of berberine derivatives on colon cancer cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:924585. [PMID: 25045712 PMCID: PMC4086420 DOI: 10.1155/2014/924585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological use of the plant alkaloid berberine is based on its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties; recently, anticancer activity has been attributed to this compound. To exploit this interesting feature, we synthesized three berberine derivatives, namely, NAX012, NAX014, and NAX018, and we tested their effects on two human colon carcinoma cell lines, that is, HCT116 and SW613-B3, which are characterized by wt and mutated p53, respectively. We observed that cell proliferation is more affected by cell treatment with the derivatives than with the lead compound; moreover, the derivatives proved to induce cell cycle arrest and cell death through apoptosis, thus suggesting that they could be promising anticancer drugs. Finally, we detected typical signs of autophagy in cells treated with berberine derivatives.
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66
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A network biology approach to discover the molecular biomarker associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:278956. [PMID: 24949431 PMCID: PMC4053081 DOI: 10.1155/2014/278956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, high throughput technologies such as microarray platform have provided a new avenue for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) investigation. Traditionally, gene sets enrichment analysis of survival related genes is commonly used to reveal the underlying functional mechanisms. However, this approach usually produces too many candidate genes and cannot discover detailed signaling transduction cascades, which greatly limits their clinical application such as biomarker development. In this study, we have proposed a network biology approach to discover novel biomarkers from multidimensional omics data. This approach effectively combines clinical survival data with topological characteristics of human protein interaction networks and patients expression profiling data. It can produce novel network based biomarkers together with biological understanding of molecular mechanism. We have analyzed eighty HCC expression profiling arrays and identified that extracellular matrix and programmed cell death are the main themes related to HCC progression. Compared with traditional enrichment analysis, this approach can provide concrete and testable hypothesis on functional mechanism. Furthermore, the identified subnetworks can potentially be used as suitable targets for therapeutic intervention in HCC.
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67
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Novel regulators of spermatogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 29:31-42. [PMID: 24594193 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a multistep process that supports the production of millions of sperm daily. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate spermatogenesis has been a major focus for decades. Yet, the regulators involved in different cellular processes of spermatogenesis remain largely unknown. Human diseases that result in defective spermatogenesis have provided hints on the molecular mechanisms regulating this process. In this review, we have summarized recent findings on the function and signaling mechanisms of several genes that are known to be associated with disease or pathological processes, including CFTR, CD147, YWK-II and CT genes, and discuss their potential roles in regulating different processes of spermatogenesis.
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Li MH, Zhang YJ, Yu YH, Yang SH, Iqbal J, Mi QY, Li B, Wang ZM, Mao WX, Xie HG, Chen SL. Berberine improves pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction through enhanced autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 728:67-76. [PMID: 24508518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a maladaptive change in response to pressure overload, and is also an important risk for developing heart failure. Berberine is known to have cardioprotective effects in patients with hypertension and in animal models of cardiac hypertrophy. In the current study, we observed that transverse aortic contraction (TAC) surgery induced a marked increase in heart size, the ratio of heart weight to body weight, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, myocardial fibrosis, and hypertrophic marker brain natriuretic peptide, all of which were effectively suppressed by berberine administration. In addition, berberine enhanced autophagy in hypertrophic hearts, which was accompanied by a decrease in heart size, cardiac apoptosis, and the attenuation of cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, use of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) blocked berberine-induced autophagy level, and abrogated the protection of berberine against heart hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction, and apoptosis. Berberine ameliorated TAC-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, which was also abolished by 3-MA. Moreover, berberine significantly inhibited the upstream signaling of autophagy, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. We conclude that berberine could attenuate left ventricular remodeling and cardiomyocyte apoptosis through an autophagy-dependent mechanism in a rat model of cardiac hypertrophy, which is, at least in part, associated with enhanced autophagy through inhibition of mTOR, p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao-Jun Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Hui Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Hua Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Javaid Iqbal
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Qiong-Yu Mi
- Central Laboratory, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Mei Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Xing Mao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xie
- Central Laboratory, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Liang Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, China.
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Hu Y, Wang S, Wu X, Zhang J, Chen R, Chen M, Wang Y. Chinese herbal medicine-derived compounds for cancer therapy: a focus on hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:601-12. [PMID: 23916858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the major histological subtype of primary liver cancer remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Due to the complicated molecular pathogenesis of HCC, the option for effective systemic treatment is quite limited. There exists a critical need to explore and evaluate possible alternative strategies for effective control of HCC. With a long history of clinical use, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is emerging as a noticeable choice for its multi-level, multi-target and coordinated intervention effects against HCC. With the aids of phytochemistry and molecular biological approaches, in the past decades many CHM-derived compounds have been carefully studied through both preclinical and clinical researches and have shown great potential in novel anti-HCC natural product development. The present review aimed at providing the most recent developments on anti-HCC compounds derived from CHM, especially their underlying pharmacological mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of anti-HCC compounds from CHM was carried out focusing on literatures published both in English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Medline) and in Chinese academic databases (Wanfang and CNKI database). RESULTS In this review, we tried to give a timely and comprehensive update about the anti-HCC effects and targets of several representative CHM-derived compounds, namely curcumin, resveratrol, silibinin, berberine, quercetin, tanshinone II-A and celastrol. Their mechanisms of anti-HCC behaviors, potential side effects or toxicity and future research directions were discussed. CONCLUSION Herbal compounds derived from CHM are of much significance in devising new drugs and providing unique ideas for the war against HCC. We propose that these breakthrough findings may have important implications for targeted-HCC therapy and modernization of CHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
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70
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LIU YAN, LIU SHENG. Berberine inhibits Wilms’ tumor cell progression through upregulation of Wilms’ tumor gene on the X chromosome. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1537-41. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer, a gynecological malignancy, is the most common cause of death in older women worldwide. The overall 5-year survival of ovarian cancer patients is only 20% because of late diagnosis, as well as distant metastasis and multidrug resistance. Therefore, predictive and prognostic markers are urgently required for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. CD147, an extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is overexpressed in ovarian cancers. Current knowledge suggests that CD147 is associated with the survival and progression of ovarian cancer, and is considered as a biomarker of poor outcome. Here, we specifically review the roles of CD147 in ovarian cancer progression and discuss the diagnostic and prognostic value of CD147 in patients with ovarian cancer. CD147 promotes ovarian cancer progression by its involvement in every facet of malignancy, including invasion, metastasis, survival, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Although it is not fully confirmed, the combination of CD147 with other biomarkers might be of diagnostic value.
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72
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Functional blockage of EMMPRIN ameliorates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:3248-53. [PMID: 23642811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), a 58-kDa cell surface glycoprotein, has been identified as a key receptor for transmitting cellular signals mediating metalloproteinase activities, as well as inflammation and oxidative stress. Clinical evidence has revealed that EMMPRIN is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaque; however, the relationship between EMMPRIN and atherosclerosis is unclear. To evaluate the functional role of EMMPRIN in atherosclerosis, we treated apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice with an EMMPRIN function-blocking antibody. METHODS AND RESULTS EMMPRIN was found to be up-regulated in ApoE(-/-) mice fed a 12-week high-fat diet in contrast to 12 weeks of normal diet. Administration of a function-blocking EMMPRIN antibody (100 μg, twice per week for 4 weeks) to ApoE(-/-) mice, starting after 12 weeks of high-fat diet feeding caused attenuated and more stable atherosclerotic lesions, less reactive oxygen stress generation on plaque, as well as down-regulation of circulating interleukin-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in ApoE(-/-) mice. The benefit of EMMPRIN functional blockage was associated with reduced metalloproteinases proteolytic activity, which delayed the circulating monocyte transmigrating into atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSION EMMPRIN antibody intervention ameliorated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-/-) mice by the down-regulation of metalloproteinase activity, suggesting that EMMPRIN may be a viable therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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73
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Lo CY, Hsu LC, Chen MS, Lin YJ, Chen LG, Kuo CD, Wu JY. Synthesis and anticancer activity of a novel series of 9-O-substituted berberine derivatives: A lipophilic substitute role. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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74
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Tang X, Guo N, Xu L, Gou X, Mi M. CD147/EMMPRIN: an effective therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Drug Target 2012; 21:224-231. [PMID: 22931464 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.702769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high resistance to conventional systemic therapies, rapid progression, easy metastasis and frequent recurrence. There is therefore an urgent requirement to develop novel systemic agents which specifically target hepatoma-associated antigen in the tumors of HCC patients. CD147, a transmembrane glycoprotein, is highly expressed by HCC cells and is strongly associated with HCC progression and prognosis. CD147 in HCC cells modulates HCC growth, promotes invasion and metastasis by stimulating adjacent fibroblasts and HCC cells to produce elevated levels of several extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the HCC microenvironment. It is also involved in HCC angiogenesis and multidrug resistance (MDR). Clinical progress has been made in HCC treatment using CD147-directed monoclonal antibodies. Here, we give an overview of the literature regarding the molecular features and expression of CD147 in human HCC tissues. We specifically focus on the role of CD147 in HCC invasion and metastasis, as well as in angiogenesis and multidrug resistance. In addition, advances in therapeutic strategies targeting HCC CD147 are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Tang
- a Department of Pathology, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Mianyang, China
| | - Na Guo
- b Lab of Cell Biology & Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an , China
| | - Lixian Xu
- c Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological College, the Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- b Lab of Cell Biology & Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an , China.,c Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological College, the Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
| | - Man Mi
- b Lab of Cell Biology & Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an , China
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75
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Tillhon M, Guamán Ortiz LM, Lombardi P, Scovassi AI. Berberine: new perspectives for old remedies. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1260-7. [PMID: 22842630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical compounds derived from plants have been used since the origin of human beings to counteract a number of diseases. Among them, the natural isoquinoline alkaloid berberine has been employed in Ayurvedic and Chinese Medicine for hundreds of years with a wide range of pharmacological and biochemical effects. More recently, a growing body of reports supports the evidence that berberine has anticancer effects, being able to block the proliferation of and to kill cancer cells. This review addresses the properties and therapeutic use of berberine and focuses on the recent advances as promising anticancer drug lead.
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76
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Chen H, Fok KL, Jiang X, Jiang J, Chen Z, Gui Y, Chan HC, Cai Z. CD147 regulates apoptosis in mouse spermatocytes but not spermatogonia. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:1568-76. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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77
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Gong J, Liu R, Zhuang R, Zhang Y, Fang L, Xu Z, Jin L, Wang T, Song C, Yang K, Wei Y, Yang A, Jin B, Chen L. miR-30c-1* promotes natural killer cell cytotoxicity against human hepatoma cells by targeting the transcription factor HMBOX1. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:645-52. [PMID: 22320217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in antitumor immunity, and the activation of NK cells is regulated by a series of NK cell receptors. Here, we show that crosslinking CD226, an important NK cell receptor, with the anti-CD226 mAb LeoA1 on NKL cells, regulated the expression of several microRNA and transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-α. Among them, miR-30c-1(*) was noticed because overexpression of miR-30c-1(*) triggered upregulation of transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-α expression and enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity against hepatoma cell lines SMMC-7721 and HepG2. Furthermore, we proved that the inhibitory transcription factor HMBOX1, which depressed the activation of NK cells, was the direct target gene of miR-30c-1(*). In conclusion, our results revealed a novel regulatory mechanism: miR-30c-1(*) promoted NK cell cytotoxicity against hepatoma cells by targeting HMBOX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyu Gong
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Zhang X, Tang X, Liu H, Li L, Hou Q, Gao J. Autophagy induced by baicalin involves downregulation of CD147 in SMMC-7721 cells in vitro. Oncol Rep 2011; 27:1128-34. [PMID: 22200845 PMCID: PMC3583557 DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin has been demonstrated to exert anticancer effects mainly through induction of tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its anticancer role remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated whether autophagy was involved in the anticancer activity of baicalin in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line SMMC-7721 and the possible molecular mechanisms. Our data showed that the viability of SMMC-7721 cells was significantly inhibited by baicalin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Alongside apoptosis, autophagy was also induced by baicalin dose- and time-dependently with the involvement of the autophagy-associated protein Beclin 1. Moreover, we demonstrated that cell death induced by baicalin was significantly inhibited by the apoptosis inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk or the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, respectively. In addition, we found that CD147, a key molecule related both to apoptosis and autophagy, was markedly downregulated at the protein level in SMMC-7721 cells treated with baicalin. Collectively, this is the first study to suggest that baicalin induces autophagic cell death in SMMC-7721 cells, which involves the downregulation of CD147. Our study reveals a new mechanism for the anticancer effects of baicalin and puts forward a potential crucial role of CD147 in baicalin-induced cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiao Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
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