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Nenova IS, Valcheva MY, Beleva EA, Tumbeva DY, Yaneva MP, Rancheva EL, Grudeva-Popova ZG. Autoimmune Phenomena in Patients with Solid Tumors. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2017; 58:195-199. [PMID: 27760006 DOI: 10.1515/folmed-2016-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune disorders have been documented in solid tumors and malignant hematological disorders. They are very common and well studied in lymphomas which are associated with immune imbalance. They are less common in solid tumors and are categorized as paraneoplastic syndromes with unclear pathogenesis. AIM The aim of the present study was to find the frequency of autoimmune phenomena in solid tumors of various origin, location and status of the tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 2000 and 2014 we studied 1083 patients with solid tumors that were diagnosed and treated in St George University Hospital, Plovdiv. RESULTS We found higher incidence of these phenomena in prostate and ovarian carcinomas (9.01% and 5.6%, respectively) than in other solid tumors. Their distribution by type of autoimmune disease showed that vasculitis, polyneuritis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia have the highest frequency of all. Immune thrombocytopenia, seronegative arthritis, psoriasis, polymyositis are less commonly documented. The autoimmune paraneoplastic phenomena manifest themselves metachronously, less commonly synchronously, with the tumor. In most cases, their clinical manifestation is a progressive disease or metastatic malignant disorder which respond favourably to therapy. CONCLUSION Paraneoplastic autoimmune phenomena are found very commonly in prostate and ovarian carcinomas. They occur in the course of the evolvement of neoplasm and can regress with medicamentous or surgical treatment of the malignoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka S Nenova
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Y Valcheva
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Elina A Beleva
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dora Y Tumbeva
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Marianna P Yaneva
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Emilia L Rancheva
- Department of Accounting, Finance and Statistics, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zhanet G Grudeva-Popova
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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García-García A, Coronel-Martínez J, Leon DCD, Romero-Figueroa MDS, Caballero-Pantoja YE, Manzanares-Leal GL, Rodriguez-Morales M, Sandoval-Trujillo H, Ramírez-Durán N. Detection of Actinomyces spp. in cervical exudates from women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:706-712. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra García-García
- Laboratory of Medical and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50180, Mexico
| | - Jaime Coronel-Martínez
- Division of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional deCancerología (INCan), SS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Cantú-de Leon
- Division of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional deCancerología (INCan), SS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María del Socorro Romero-Figueroa
- Coordination of Health Research State of Mexico (West Regional Delegation), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Gauddy Lizeth Manzanares-Leal
- Laboratory of Medical and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50180, Mexico
| | - Miguel Rodriguez-Morales
- Division of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional deCancerología (INCan), SS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ninfa Ramírez-Durán
- Laboratory of Medical and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50180, Mexico
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Interleukin-1β as emerging therapeutic target in hematological malignancies and potentially in their complications. Blood Rev 2017; 31:306-317. [PMID: 28495184 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pleiotropic cytokine that exerts multiple roles in both physiological and pathological conditions. It is produced by different cell subsets, and drives a wide range of inflammatory responses in numerous target cells. Enhanced IL-1β signaling is a common event in patients of hematological malignancies. Recent body of evidence obtained in preclinical models shows the pathogenic role of these alterations, and the promising therapeutic value of IL-1 targeting. In this review, we further highlight a potential contribution of IL-1β linking to complications and autoimmune disease that should be investigated in future studies. Hence, drugs that target IL-1 may be helpful to improve outcome or reduce morbidity in patients. Some of them are FDA-approved, and used efficiently against autoimmune diseases, like IL-1 receptor antagonist. In the clinic, however, this agent seems to have limited properties. Current improved drugs will allow to determine the true potential of IL-1 and IL-1β targeting as therapy in hematological malignancies and their related complications.
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Impact of altered endogenous IgG on unspecific mAb clearance. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2017; 44:351-374. [PMID: 28439684 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-017-9524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunodeficient mice are crucial models to evaluate the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). When studying mAb pharmacokinetics (PK), protection from elimination by binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is known to be a major process influencing the unspecific clearance of endogenous and therapeutic IgG. The concentration of endogenous IgG in immunodeficient mice, however is reduced, and this effect on the FcRn protection mechanism and subsequently on unspecific mAb clearance is unknown, yet of great importance for the interpretation of mAb PK data. We used a PBPK modelling approach to elucidate the influence of altered endogenous IgG concentrations on unspecific mAb clearance. To this end, we used PK data in immunodeficient mice, i.e. nude and severe combined immunodeficiency mice. To avoid impact of target-mediated clearance processes, we focussed on mAbs without affinity to a target antigen in these mice. In addition, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) data of immunocompetent mice was used to study the impact of increased total IgG concentrations on unspecific therapeutic antibody clearance. The unspecific clearance is linear, whenever therapeutic IgG concentrations, i.e. mAb and IVIG concentrations are lower than FcRn; it can be non-linear if therapeutic IgG concentrations are larger than FcRn and endogenous IgG concentrations (e.g., under IVIG therapy). Unspecific mAb clearance of immunodeficient mice is effectively linear (under mAb doses as typically used in human). Studying the impact of reduced endogenous IgG concentrations on unspecific mAb clearance is of great relevance for the extrapolation to clinical species, e.g., when predicting mAb PK in immunosuppressed cancer patients.
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Abstract
Abstract
The progressive growth and spread of tumour cells in the form of metastases requires an interaction of healthy host cells, such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and other cells of mesenchymal origin with immune cells taking part in innate and adaptive responses within the tumour lesion and entire body. The host cells interact with tumour cells to create a dynamic tumour microenvironment, in which healthy cells can both positively and negatively influence the growth and spread of the tumour. The balance of cellular homeostasis and the effect of substances they secrete on the tumour microenvironment determine whether the tumour has a tendency to grow or disappear, and whether the cells remain within the lesion or are capable of metastasis to other regions of the body. Intercellular interactions also determine the tumour’s susceptibility to radiation or other types of cancer treatment. They may also be a rational explanation for differences in treatment outcomes, in which some metastases regress and others progress in response to the same treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Lisiecka
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kostro
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Macrophages and Neutrophils: Regulation of the Inflammatory Microenvironment in Autoimmunity and Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5894347. [PMID: 27725789 PMCID: PMC5048028 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5894347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a HIV Negative, Immunocompetent Patient. Case Rep Neurol Med 2016; 2016:7050613. [PMID: 27529042 PMCID: PMC4978838 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disease most common in immunodeficient patients. It occurs due to reactivation of the John Cunningham Virus (JCV) and carries a poor prognosis, with a median life expectancy of 6 months. We report a case of a 66-year-old man with a history of HCV related cirrhosis (HCV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who was found to have PML in the setting of a negative viral load in the CSF and a CD4+ >200. He initially presented with two weeks of mild confusion and word-finding difficulty concerning for hepatic encephalopathy. An MRI was notable for extensive T2/FLAIR hyperintensity signal in the left temporal lobe. Brain biopsy was positive for JCV. PML is rare in immunocompetent individuals, especially in the setting of a negative viral load. It is possible, however, that transient states of immunosuppression may have been responsible in this case. Although viral load was reported as negative, virus may still have been detected but was below the quantifiable threshold. It is important for clinicians to note that a negative result does not necessarily exclude the possibility of PML, and care should be taken to review lab values on viral load in closer detail.
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Barańska M, Rychlik-Sych M, Kaszuba A, Dziankowska-Bartkowiak B, Skrętkowicz J, Waszczykowska E. Genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. Autoimmunity 2016; 49:166-171. [PMID: 26789496 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1134508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human organism is constantly exposed to harmful exogenous factors (xenobiotics) including drugs and carcinogenic compounds that can induce development of a large number of diseases. The processes of biotransformation in the organism are multidirectional and xenobiotics can be transformed into active or inactive metabolites via the oxidative route. The knowledge of oxidation polymorphism in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis may be helpful in choosing more efficient and safer therapy, particularly in the case of a disease involving various organs and treated with drugs belonging to diverse therapeutic groups. The aim of the study was to evaluate the CYP2D6 polymorphism in the SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) and SSc (systemic sclerosis) patients and to investigate a possible correlation with disease susceptibility. The study was carried out in 296 patients: 65 patients with SLE, 81 patients with SSc, and 150 healthy volunteers. The CYP2D6 genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The relative risk of developing SSc, expressed by the odds ratio, was three-fold higher for persons with the CYP2D6*1/CYP2D6*4 genotype (OR = 2.9; statistically significant difference, p = 0.0002). A statistically significant correlation between the CYP2D6*4 allele prevalence and the risk for developing SSc was found (OR = 1.53; p = 0.047). No effect of the CYP2D6 gene mutations on the incidence of SLE was noted. The obtained results may suggest the influence of CYP2D6*4 gene variants alleles on increased incidence of systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Barańska
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Chair of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland and
| | - Mariola Rychlik-Sych
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Chair of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland and
| | - Andrzej Kaszuba
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology and Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland, and
| | | | - Jadwiga Skrętkowicz
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Chair of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland and
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Mucha J, Rybicka A, Dolka I, Szymańska J, Manuali E, Parzeniecka-Jaworska M, Kluciński W, Król M. Immunosuppression in Dogs During Mammary Cancer Development. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:1147-1153. [PMID: 27106740 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816634808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunosuppression that facilitates tumor progression and metastasis evolves by development of an immunosuppressive network. The aim of this study was to assess this network in dogs with benign or malignant tumors with or without confirmed metastasis. The authors showed that the number of various T cell subpopulations was constant during tumor development; however the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly higher in tumor-bearing dogs than in healthy individuals. The number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and their p-STAT3 expression (which is a negative regulator of hematopoiesis and regulates VEGF expression) were higher in cancer patients than in control dogs, however their number increased significantly in late-stage cancer patients. Canine mammary carcinomas with confirmed metastases to either lymph nodes or internal organs had greater MDSCs and Treg infiltration than benign mammary tumors or malignant mammary tumors for which metastases had not been detected. Similarly, expression of p-STAT3 and VEGF-C was the highest in tumors with confirmed metastases. This research shows changes occurring in the blood (n = 30 patients) and tumor tissue of patients (n = 100) during canine mammary tumor development. The findings should be considered preliminary because of the small number of samples. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that a high level of Tregs and MDSCs as well as high expression of p-STAT3 and VEGF-C may significantly contribute to mammary tumor progression and metastasis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mucha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Rybicka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Dolka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Szymańska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Manuali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Umbria e Delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Parzeniecka-Jaworska
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Kluciński
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Król
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Ponzetta A, Benigni G, Antonangeli F, Sciumè G, Sanseviero E, Zingoni A, Ricciardi MR, Petrucci MT, Santoni A, Bernardini G. Multiple Myeloma Impairs Bone Marrow Localization of Effector Natural Killer Cells by Altering the Chemokine Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4766-77. [PMID: 26438594 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are key innate immune effectors against multiple myeloma, their activity declining in multiple myeloma patients with disease progression. To identify the mechanisms underlying NK cell functional impairment, we characterized the distribution of functionally distinct NK cell subsets in the bone marrow of multiple myeloma-bearing mice. Herein we report that the number of KLRG1(-) NK cells endowed with potent effector function rapidly and selectively decreases in bone marrow during multiple myeloma growth, this correlating with decreased bone marrow NK cell degranulation in vivo. Altered NK cell subset distribution was dependent on skewed chemokine/chemokine receptor axes in the multiple myeloma microenvironment, with rapid downmodulation of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 on NK cells, increased CXCL9 and CXCL10, and decreased CXCL12 expression in bone marrow. Similar alterations in chemokine receptor/chemokine axes were observed in patients with multiple myeloma. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that KLRG1(-) NK cell migration to the bone marrow was more efficient in healthy than multiple myeloma-bearing mice. Furthermore, bone marrow localization of transferred CXCR3-deficient NK cells with respect to wild type was enhanced in healthy and multiple myeloma-bearing mice, suggesting that CXCR3 restrains bone marrow NK cell trafficking. Our results indicate that multiple myeloma-promoted CXCR3 ligand upregulation together with CXCL12 downmodulation act as exit signals driving effector NK cells outside the bone marrow, thus weakening the antitumor immune response at the primary site of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ponzetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Benigni
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Antonangeli
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Sanseviero
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ricciardi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. IRCCS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. IRCCS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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Patel JM, Vartabedian VF, Bozeman EN, Caoyonan BE, Srivatsan S, Pack CD, Dey P, D'Souza MJ, Yang L, Selvaraj P. Plasma membrane vesicles decorated with glycolipid-anchored antigens and adjuvants via protein transfer as an antigen delivery platform for inhibition of tumor growth. Biomaterials 2015; 74:231-44. [PMID: 26461116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antigen delivered within particulate materials leads to enhanced antigen-specific immunity compared to soluble administration of antigen. However, current delivery approaches for antigen encapsulated in synthetic particulate materials are limited by the complexity of particle production that affects stability and immunogenicity of the antigen. Herein, we describe a protein delivery system that utilizes plasma membrane vesicles (PMVs) derived from biological materials such as cultured cells or isolated tissues and a simple protein transfer technology. We show that these particulate PMVs can be easily modified within 4 h by a protein transfer process to stably incorporate a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored form of the breast cancer antigen HER-2 onto the PMV surface. Immunization of mice with GPI-HER-2-modified-PMVs induced strong HER-2-specific antibody responses and protection from tumor challenge in two different breast cancer models. Further incorporation of the immunostimulatory molecules IL-12 and B7-1 onto the PMVs by protein transfer enhanced tumor protection and induced beneficial Th1 and Th2-type HER-2-specific immune responses. Since protein antigens can be easily converted to GPI-anchored forms, these results demonstrate that isolated plasma membrane vesicles can be modified with desired antigens along with immunostimulatory molecules by protein transfer and used as a vaccine delivery vehicle to elicit potent antigen-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaina M Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Vincent F Vartabedian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Erica N Bozeman
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brianne E Caoyonan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivatsan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christopher D Pack
- Metaclipse Therapeutics Corporation, 3175 Presidential Drive, Atlanta, GA 30340, USA
| | - Paulami Dey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Martin J D'Souza
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Lily Yang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Periasamy Selvaraj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Comparative study of various subpopulations of cytotoxic cells in blood and ascites from patients with ovarian carcinoma. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 19:290-9. [PMID: 26557777 PMCID: PMC4631306 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2015.54388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY A number of observations have indicated that the immune system plays a significant role in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In cases of EOC, the prognostic significance of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes has not been clearly explained yet. The aim is to determine the phenotype and activation molecules of cytotoxic T cell and NK cell subpopulations and to compare their representation in malignant ascites and peripheral blood in patients with ovarian cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cytotoxic cells taken from blood samples of the cubital vein and malignant ascites were obtained from 53 patients with EOC. Their surface and activation characteristics were determined by means of a flow cytometer. Immunophenotype multiparametric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was carried out. RESULTS CD3(+) T lymphocytes were the main population of TILs (75.9%) and PBLs (70.9%). The number of activating T cells was significantly higher in TILs: CD3(+)/69(+) 6.7% vs. 0.8% (p < 0.001). The representation of (CD3(-)/16(+)56(+)) NK cells in TILs was significantly higher: 11.0% vs. 5.6% (p = 0.041); likewise CD56(bright) and CD-56(bright) from CD56(+) cells were higher in TILs (both p < 0.001). The activation receptor NKG2D was present in 45.1% of TILs vs. 32.3% of PBLs (p = 0.034), but we did not find a significant difference in the numbers of CD56(+)/NKG2D(+) in TILs and PBLs. CONCLUSIONS These results prove that the characteristics and intensity of anti-tumour responses are different in compared compartments (ascites/PBLs). The knowledge of phenotype and functions of effector cells is the basic precondition for understanding the anti-tumour immune response.
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Kim H, Kim Y, Bae S, Kong JM, Choi J, Jang M, Choi J, Hong JM, Hwang YI, Kang JS, Lee WJ. Direct Interaction of CD40 on Tumor Cells with CD40L on T Cells Increases the Proliferation of Tumor Cells by Enhancing TGF-β Production and Th17 Differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125742. [PMID: 25992978 PMCID: PMC4436336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently been reported that the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction is important in Th17 development. In addition, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) promotes tumorigenesis as an immunosuppressive cytokine and is crucial in the development of Th17 cells. This study investigated the role of CD40 in breast cancer cells and its role in immunosuppressive function and tumor progression. CD40 was highly expressed in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231, and its stimulation with CD40 antibodies caused the up-regulation of TGF-β. Direct CD40-CD40L interaction between MDA-MB231 cells and activated T cells also increased TGF-β production and induced the production of IL-17, which accelerated the proliferation of MDA-MB231 cells through the activation of STAT3. Taken together, the direct CD40-CD40L interaction of breast tumor cells and activated T cells increases TGF-β production and the differentiation of Th17 cells, which promotes the proliferation of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kim
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Seyeon Bae
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Joo Myoung Kong
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Mirim Jang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Jiyea Choi
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Jun-man Hong
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Young-il Hwang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Wang Jae Lee
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
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Liang X, Liu Y, Mei S, Zhang M, Xin J, Zhang Y, Yang R. MicroRNA-22 impairs anti-tumor ability of dendritic cells by targeting p38. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121510. [PMID: 25826372 PMCID: PMC4380340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in triggering anti-tumor immune responses. Their intracellular p38 signaling is of great importance in controlling DC activity. In this study, we identified microRNA-22 (miR-22) as a microRNA inhibiting p38 protein expression by directly binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of its mRNA. The p38 down-regulation further interfered with the synthesis of DC-derived IL-6 and the differentiation of DC-driven Th17 cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-22 in DCs impaired their tumor-suppressing ability while miR-22 inhibitor could reverse this phenomenon and improve the curative effect of DC-based immunotherapy. Thus, our results highlight a suppressive role for miR-22 in the process of DC-invoked anti-tumor immunity and that blocking this microRNA provides a new strategy for generating potent DC vaccines for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyue Mei
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xin
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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65
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A case of gingival candidiasis with bone destruction on gastric cancer patient receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Case Rep Oncol Med 2015; 2014:145394. [PMID: 25614845 PMCID: PMC4295159 DOI: 10.1155/2014/145394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a case of gingival candidiasis in an advanced gastric cancer patient while receiving palliative cytotoxic chemotherapy. A 46-year-old male patient admitted to our hospital for known advanced gastric cancer with newly developed multiple liver metastases. While receiving 2nd line cytotoxic chemotherapy with 5FU, leucovorin, and paclitxel, he complained of gingival swelling accompanied by pain and whitish plaque. Due to lack of response to the conservative oral care, incisional biopsy of gingiva was done and the pathology confirmed gingival candidiasis. Although the lesion healed apparently after two-week antifungal therapy, pain as well as bony destruction remains. By presenting this case report, we intend to emphasize the immunocompromising effect of cancer while being on systemic chemotherapy.
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66
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Brodie A, Tovia-Brodie O, Ofran Y. Large scale analysis of phenotype-pathway relationships based on GWAS results. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100887. [PMID: 25007247 PMCID: PMC4090199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely used pathway-based approach for interpreting Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS), assumes that since function is executed through the interactions of multiple genes, different perturbations of the same pathway would result in a similar phenotype. This assumption, however, was not systemically assessed on a large scale. To determine whether SNPs associated with a given complex phenotype affect the same pathways more than expected by chance, we analyzed 368 phenotypes that were studied in >5000 GWAS. We found 216 significant phenotype-pathway associations between 70 of the phenotypes we analyzed and known pathways. We also report 391 strong phenotype-phenotype associations between phenotypes that are affected by the same pathways. While some of these associations confirm previously reported connections, others are new and could shed light on the molecular basis of these diseases. Our findings confirm that phenotype-associated SNPs cluster into pathways much more than expected by chance. However, this is true for <20% (70/368) of the phenotypes. Different types of phenotypes show markedly different tendencies: Virtually all autoimmune phenotypes show strong clustering of SNPs into pathways, while most cancers and metabolic conditions, and all electrophysiological phenotypes, could not be significantly associated with any pathway despite being significantly associated with a large number of SNPs. While this may be due to missing data, it may also suggest that these phenotypes could result only from perturbations of specific genes and not from other perturbations of the same pathway. Further analysis of pathway-associated versus gene-associated phenotypes is, therefore, needed in order to understand disease etiology and in order to promote better drug target selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Brodie
- The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Nanotechnology Building, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Oholi Tovia-Brodie
- Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yanay Ofran
- The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Nanotechnology Building, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Shevtsov MA, Kim AV, Samochernych KA, Romanova IV, Margulis BA, Guzhova IV, Yakovenko IV, Ischenko AM, Khachatryan WA. Pilot study of intratumoral injection of recombinant heat shock protein 70 in the treatment of malignant brain tumors in children. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1071-81. [PMID: 24971017 PMCID: PMC4069152 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s62764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral injections of recombinant heat shock protein (Hsp)70 were explored for feasibility in patients with brain tumors. Patients aged 4.5–14 years with untreated newly diagnosed tumors (n=12) were enrolled. After tumor resection, five injections of recombinant Hsp70 (total 2.5 mg) were administered into the resection cavity through a catheter. Before administration of Hsp70 and after the last injection, specific immune responses to the autologous tumor lysate were evaluated using the delayed-type hypersensitivity test. Further, peripheral blood was monitored to identify possible changes in lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokine levels, and the cytolytic activity of natural killer cells. The follow-up period in this trial was 12 months. Intratumoral injections of Hsp70 were well tolerated by patients. One patient had a complete clinical response documented by radiologic findings and one patient had a partial response. A positive delayed-type hypersensitivity test was observed in three patients. In peripheral blood, there was a shift from cytokines provided by Th2 cells toward cytokines of a Th1-cell-mediated response. These data corresponded to changes in lymphocyte subpopulations. Immunosuppressive T-regulatory cell levels were also reduced after injection of Hsp70, as well as production of interleukin-10. The cytolytic activity of natural killer cells was unchanged. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of intratumoral delivery of recombinant Hsp70 in patients with cancer. Further randomized clinical trials are recommended to assess the optimum dose of the chaperone, the treatment schedule, and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation ; AL Polenov Russian Research Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Kim
- AL Polenov Russian Research Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Russian Federation
| | | | - Irina V Romanova
- IM Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Boris A Margulis
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Guzhova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Yakovenko
- AL Polenov Russian Research Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander M Ischenko
- Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - William A Khachatryan
- AL Polenov Russian Research Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Russian Federation
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Goonesekere NCW, Wang X, Ludwig L, Guda C. A meta analysis of pancreatic microarray datasets yields new targets as cancer genes and biomarkers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93046. [PMID: 24740004 PMCID: PMC3989178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of specific symptoms at early tumor stages, together with a high biological aggressiveness of the tumor contribute to the high mortality rate for pancreatic cancer (PC), which has a five year survival rate of less than 5%. Improved screening for earlier diagnosis, through the detection of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers provides the best hope of increasing the rate of curatively resectable carcinomas. Though many serum markers have been reported to be elevated in patients with PC, so far, most of these markers have not been implemented into clinical routine due to low sensitivity or specificity. In this study, we have identified genes that are significantly upregulated in PC, through a meta-analysis of large number of microarray datasets. We demonstrate that the biological functions ascribed to these genes are clearly associated with PC and metastasis, and that that these genes exhibit a strong link to pathways involved with inflammation and the immune response. This investigation has yielded new targets for cancer genes, and potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. The candidate list of cancer genes includes protein kinase genes, new members of gene families currently associated with PC, as well as genes not previously linked to PC. In this study, we are also able to move towards developing a signature for hypomethylated genes, which could be useful for early detection of PC. We also show that the significantly upregulated 800+ genes in our analysis can serve as an enriched pool for tissue and serum protein biomarkers in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin C. W. Goonesekere
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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69
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Mende K, Stuetzer B, Sauter-Louis C, Homeier T, Truyen U, Hartmann K. Prevalence of antibodies against feline panleukopenia virus in client-owned cats in Southern Germany. Vet J 2014; 199:419-23. [PMID: 24461646 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Feline panleukopenia is a frequent and commonly fatal disease of cats. Recent published studies have raised suspicions that some cats fail to develop antibodies after vaccination. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of antibodies against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) in cats in Southern Germany, and to identify factors that are associated with a lack of antibodies. In total, 350 cats presented to the Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet were randomly included in the study. Information regarding signalment, origin, environment, lifestyle, housing conditions, health status, chronic diseases, glucocorticoid therapy, and vaccination status were collected. Antibodies were detected by haemagglutination inhibition test. Asymptomatic chi-squared tests and univariable logistic regression were used to investigate associations between a lack of antibodies and the different variables. Associations determined to be statistically significant at P<0.1 were verified by a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Of the 350 cats, 103 (29.4%) had no antibodies against FPV. Chronic kidney disease, neoplasia, glucocorticoid therapy, and vaccination status were significantly associated with a lack of antibodies. The cats with no antibodies were likely to have inadequate immunity against panleukopenia and those with chronic diseases or receiving glucocorticoids were less likely to be protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina Mende
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet of Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Bianca Stuetzer
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet of Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Sauter-Louis
- Clinic of Ruminants and Herd Management, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet of Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Timo Homeier
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Truyen
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Hartmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet of Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Patel S, Ngounou Wetie AG, Darie CC, Clarkson BD. Cancer secretomes and their place in supplementing other hallmarks of cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 806:409-42. [PMID: 24952195 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06068-2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The secretome includes all macromolecules secreted by cells, in particular conditions at defined times, allowing cell-cell communication. Cancer cell secretomes that are altered compared to normal cells have shown significant potential for elucidating cancer biology. Proteins of secretomes are secreted by various secretory pathways and can be studied using different methods. Cancer secretomes seem to play an important role in known hallmarks of cancers such as excessive proliferation, reduced apoptosis, immune invasion, angioneogenesis, alteration in energy metabolism, and development of resistance against anti-cancer therapy [1, 2]. If a significant role of an altered secretome can be identified in cancer cells, using advanced mass spectrometry-based techniques, this may allow researchers to screen and characterize the secretome proteins involved in cancer progression and open up new opportunities to develop new therapies. We aim to elaborate upon recent advances in cancer cell secretome analysis using different proteomics techniques. In this review, we highlight the role of the altered secretome in contributing to already recognized and emerging hallmarks of cancer and we discuss new challenges in the field of secretome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapan Patel
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 415 East 68th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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71
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Fu Z, Zuo Y, Li D, Xu W, Li D, Chen H, Zheng S. The crosstalk: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes rich in regulatory T cells suppressed cancer-associated fibroblasts. Acta Oncol 2013; 52:1760-70. [PMID: 23336253 PMCID: PMC3812699 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2012.760847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background. The interactions between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer cells or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and cancer cells play important roles in cancer progression and metastasis. However, studies related to the crosstalk between CAFs and TILs in tumor microenvironment (TME) are still lacking. In this study, we mainly investigated the interactions between CAFs and TILs. Material and methods. The distribution of TILs rich in regulatory T cells (Tregs) in breast cancer tissues was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry with anti-CD3, anti-Foxp3, and anti-α-smooth muscle actin antibodies. Homologous CAFs/normal fibroblasts (NFs) and TILs cultured in vitro were identified and detected using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry (FCM). The direct interaction among these cell types was studied via a factorial design in a co-cultured system. Their indirect interaction was assayed using Transwell plates. The cell cycle and apoptosis of CAFs/NFs co-cultured with TILs was analyzed using propidium iodide staining. Results. Histochemistry demonstrated most of the TILs including Tregs, were distributed in the cancer stroma, adjoining to CAFs. This finding implies that both cell types interact closely in the TME. Identification of the cultured cells showed that CAFs maintained their activated phenotype within limited passages in vitro, and that the TILs population contained a high percentage of Tregs. Data analysis of the factorial design suggests significant interactions among CAFs, NFs, and TILs in both direct and indirect contact ways. The CAFs and NFs were suppressed signally by TILs, which are probably induced by the secretory cytokines derived from TILs or Tregs. Although apoptosis was not detected in CAFs/NFs, the cell cycle assay suggested that the CAFs/NFs were arrested in the G2/M phase by the TILs and their secretory cytokines. Conclusion. CAFs and NFs were dramatically suppressed by Tregs-rich TILs. This suggests the interaction between TILs and CAFs might modify the TME in an unknown manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , P.R. China
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Tomao F, Papa A, Rossi L, Caruso D, Zoratto F, Benedetti Panici P, Tomao S. Beyond bevacizumab: investigating new angiogenesis inhibitors in ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 23:37-53. [PMID: 24111925 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.839657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, mainly because of the advanced stage of the disease at diagnosis, with recent research investigating novel targets and agents into the clinical practice, with the aim to improve prognosis and quality of life. Angiogenesis is a significant target for ovarian cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED Areas covered in this review include the most common molecular pathways of angiogenesis, which have provided novel targets for tailored therapy in ovarian cancer patients. These therapeutic strategies comprise monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These drugs have as molecular targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, angiopoietin and Ephrin type-A receptor 2. EXPERT OPINION The expansion in understanding the molecular biology that characterizes cancer cells has led to the rapid development of new agents to target important pathways, but the heterogeneity of ovarian cancer biology indicates that there is no predominant defect. This review attempts to discuss progress till date in tackling a more general target applicable to ovarian cancer angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tomao
- 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Policlinico 'Umberto I' , Rome , Italy
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Vittecoq M, Roche B, Daoust SP, Ducasse H, Missé D, Abadie J, Labrut S, Renaud F, Gauthier-Clerc M, Thomas F. Cancer: a missing link in ecosystem functioning? Trends Ecol Evol 2013; 28:628-35. [PMID: 23972467 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that affects the majority of metazoan species and, before directly causing host death, is likely to influence the competitive abilities of individuals, their susceptibility to pathogens, their vulnerability to predators, and their ability to disperse. Despite the potential importance of these ecological impacts, cancer is rarely incorporated into model ecosystems. We describe here the diversity of ways in which oncogenic phenomena, from precancerous lesions to generalized metastatic cancers, may affect ecological processes that govern biotic interactions. We argue that oncogenic phenomena, despite their complexity, can have significant and sometimes predictable ecological consequences. Our aim is to provide a new perspective on the ecological and evolutionary significance of cancer in wildlife, and to stimulate research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Vittecoq
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Unité Mixte 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France; Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, le Sambuc, 13200, Arles, France; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Cancer Research (CREEC), 95 rue de la Galera, 34090, Montpellier, France
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Tomao F, Papa A, Rossi L, Caruso D, Panici PB, Venezia M, Tomao S. Current status of bevacizumab in advanced ovarian cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:889-99. [PMID: 23901283 PMCID: PMC3724566 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s46301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, mainly because of the delay in diagnosis. Recently, much effort has been put into investigating and introducing novel targeted agents into clinical practice, with the aim of improving prognosis and quality of life. Angiogenesis is a possible target. The aim of this review is to investigate the most common molecular pathways of angiogenesis, which have provided novel targets for tailored therapy in patients with ovarian cancer. These therapeutic strategies include monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. These drugs have as molecular targets vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and angiopoietin. Bevacizumab was investigated in several Phase III studies, with interesting results. Today, there is strong evidence for introducing bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, further investigations and large clinical trials are needed to understand the safety and effectiveness of bevacizumab, the optimal duration and timing of treatment, and activity in association with other chemotherapeutic and targeted agents. It also is necessary to identify biologic factors predictive of efficacy to choose the most appropriate antiangiogenic agent in the integrated treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tomao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico “Umberto I,” Rome, Italy
| | - Anselmo Papa
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
| | - Luigi Rossi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
| | - Davide Caruso
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico “Umberto I,” Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Venezia
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
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Tsai YS, Chen YH, Cheng PC, Tsai HT, Shiau AL, Tzai TS, Wu CL. TGF-β1 conjugated to gold nanoparticles results in protein conformational changes and attenuates the biological function. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2119-28. [PMID: 23335450 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used as carriers or therapeutic agents due to their great biocompatibility and unique physical properties. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), a member of the cysteine-knot structural superfamily, plays a pivotal role in many diseases and is known as an immunosuppressive agent that attenuates immune response resulting in tumor growth. The results reported herein reflect strong interactions between TGF-β1 and the surface of AuNPs when incubated with serum-containing medium, and demonstrate a time- and dose-dependent pattern. Compared with other serum proteins that can also bind to the AuNP surface, AuNP-TGFβ1 conjugate is a thermodynamically favored compound. Epithelial cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) upon treatment with TGF-β1; however, treatment with AuNPs reverses this effect, as detected by cell morphology and expression levels of EMT markers. TGF-β1 is found to bind to AuNPs through S-Au bonds by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is employed to analyze the conformational changes of TGF-β1 on the surface of AuNPs. The results indicate that TGF-β1 undergoes significant conformational changes at both secondary and tertiary structural levels after conjugation to the AuNP surface, which results in the deactivation of TGF-β1 protein. An in vivo experiment also shows that addition of AuNPs attenuates the growth of TGF-β1-secreting murine bladder tumor 2 cells in syngeneic C3H/HeN mice, but not in immunocompromised NOD-SCID mice, and this is associated with an increase in the number of tumor-infiltrating CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes and a decrease in the number of intrasplenic Foxp3(+) lymphocytes. The findings demonstrate that AuNPs may be a promising agent for modulating tumor immunity through inhibiting immunosuppressive TGF-β1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Shyan Tsai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Song G, Wang X, Jia J, Yuan Y, Wan F, Zhou X, Yang H, Ren J, Gu J, Lyerly HK. Elevated level of peripheral CD8(+)CD28(-) T lymphocytes are an independent predictor of progression-free survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer during the course of chemotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1123-30. [PMID: 23604172 PMCID: PMC11029068 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suppression of cellular immunity resulting from tumorigenesis and/or therapy might promote cancer cells' growth, progression and invasion. Here, we explored whether T lymphocyte subtypes from peripheral blood of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) female patients could be used as alternative surrogate markers for cancer progress. Additionally, plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and transforming growth factor-β1 were quantitated from MBC and healthy volunteers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This study included 89 female MBC patients during the post-salvage chemotherapy follow-up and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers as control. The percentages of T lymphocyte subpopulations from peripheral blood and plasma levels of cytokines were measured. RESULTS Both CD8(+)CD28(-) and CD4(+)CD25(+) were elevated in MBC patients compared to the control cohort (P < 0.05). In contrast, CD3(+) and CD8(+)CD28(+)cells were significantly lower in MBC patients (P < 0.0001, P = 0.045, respectively). MBC patients had elevated levels of immunosuppressive cytokines IL-6 and IL-10. Patients with elevated CD8(+)CD28(-) and CD4(+)CD25(+) cells showed increased levels of IL-6, and only patients with elevated CD8(+)CD28(-) had decreased interferon-γ. Univariate analysis indicated increased CD3(+)CD4(+) or CD8(+)CD28(+)correlated with prolonged progression-free survival (PFS), while elevated CD8(+)CD28(-)associated with shorten PFS. The percent of CD8(+)CD28(-) T lymphocytes is an independent predictor for PFS through multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that progressive elevated levels of CD8(+)CD28(-) suppressor T lymphocytes represent a novel independent predictor of PFS during post-chemotherapy follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142 China
- Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, 10 TieyiRoad, Beijing, 100038 China
| | - Jun Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Yanhua Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Fengling Wan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Xinna Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142 China
- Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, 10 TieyiRoad, Beijing, 100038 China
| | - Huabing Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142 China
- Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, 10 TieyiRoad, Beijing, 100038 China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142 China
- Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, 10 TieyiRoad, Beijing, 100038 China
| | - Jiezhun Gu
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Herbert Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 571 Research Drive, Suite 433, Box 2606, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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77
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Dehle FC, Mukaro VR, Jurisevic C, Moffat D, Ahern J, Hodge G, Jersmann H, Reynolds PN, Hodge S. Defective lung macrophage function in lung cancer ± chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD/emphysema)-mediated by cancer cell production of PGE2? PLoS One 2013; 8:e61573. [PMID: 23637858 PMCID: PMC3637201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD/emphysema) we have shown a reduced ability of lung and alveolar (AM) macrophages to phagocytose apoptotic cells (defective ‘efferocytosis’), associated with evidence of secondary cellular necrosis and a resultant inflammatory response in the airway. It is unknown whether this defect is present in cancer (no COPD) and if so, whether this results from soluble mediators produced by cancer cells. We investigated efferocytosis in AM (26 controls, 15 healthy smokers, 37 COPD, 20 COPD+ non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 8 patients with NSCLC without COPD) and tumor and tumor-free lung tissue macrophages (21 NSCLC with/13 without COPD). To investigate the effects of soluble mediators produced by lung cancer cells we then treated AM or U937 macrophages with cancer cell line supernatant and assessed their efferocytosis ability. We qualitatively identified Arachidonic Acid (AA) metabolites in cancer cells by LC-ESI-MSMS, and assessed the effects of COX inhibition (using indomethacin) on efferocytosis. Decreased efferocytosis was noted in all cancer/COPD groups in all compartments. Conditioned media from cancer cell cultures decreased the efferocytosis ability of both AM and U937 macrophages with the most pronounced effects occurring with supernatant from SCLC (an aggressive lung cancer type). AA metabolites identified in cancer cells included PGE2. The inhibitory effect of PGE2 on efferocytosis, and the involvement of the COX-2 pathway were shown. Efferocytosis is decreased in COPD/emphysema and lung cancer; the latter at least partially a result of inhibition by soluble mediators produced by cancer cells that include PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis C. Dehle
- Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Violet R. Mukaro
- Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Craig Jurisevic
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Moffat
- Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica Ahern
- Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Greg Hodge
- Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul N. Reynolds
- Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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78
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Feyler S, Selby PJ, Cook G. Regulating the regulators in cancer-immunosuppression in multiple myeloma (MM). Blood Rev 2013; 27:155-64. [PMID: 23623928 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An effective immune response requires a prompt but measured action against the pathological insult, to prevent over-zealous inflammatory-mediated tissue destruction. In cancer, defective or incompetent immune responses may paradoxically result in disease progression despite an immune attempt at elimination. Tumour-induced immunosuppression may not only result from soluble factors and altered antigenicity, but also from cellular-mediated tumour-induced immune evasion. Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with both cellular and humoral immune deficiencies and increased T(Reg) cells. In vitro modelling has indicated that the tumour cells directly induce functional T(Reg) cells. In light of this recent evidence, it now seems that the most promising and synergistic approaches for cancer immunotherapy would involve specific anti-tumour immunity and simultaneous reduction of tumour-induced immune-regulation. This review sets out the basic understanding of the human immune response, its dysregulation in cancer and proposes how this knowledge may influence future treatment strategies to maximise the anti-tumour immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Feyler
- Transplant Immunology Group, Academic Department of Haematology & Oncology, University of Leeds, UK
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79
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Lu J, Sun LX, Lin ZB, Duan XS, Ge ZH, Xing EH, Lan TF, Yang N, Li XJ, Li M, Li WD. Antagonism by Ganoderma lucidum
Polysaccharides Against the Suppression by Culture Supernatants of B16F10 Melanoma Cells on Macrophage. Phytother Res 2013; 28:200-6. [PMID: 23519930 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College; Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China
| | - Li-Xin Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College; Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China
- Department of Pharmacology; Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Zhi-Bin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology; Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xin-Suo Duan
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College; Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China
| | - Zhi-Hua Ge
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College; Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China
| | - En-Hong Xing
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College; Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China
| | - Tian-Fei Lan
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College; Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China
| | - Ning Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College; Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Beijing 100191 China
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80
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Wang Y, Zhou BP. Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition---A Hallmark of Breast Cancer Metastasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 1:38-49. [PMID: 24611128 DOI: 10.1166/ch.2013.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved cellular program that converts polarized, immotile epithelial cells to migratory mesenchymal cells. In addition, EMT was initially recognized as a key step for morphogenesis during embryonic development. Emerging evidences indicate that this important developmental program promotes metastasis, drug resistance, and tumor recurrence, features that are associated with a poor clinical outcome for patients with breast cancer. Therefore, better understanding of regulation and signaling pathways in EMT is essential to develop novel targeted therapeutics. In this review, we present updated developments underlying EMT in tumor progression and metastasis, and discuss the challenges remaining in breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506
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81
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Blaylock RL. Immunoexcitatory mechanisms in glioma proliferation, invasion and occasional metastasis. Surg Neurol Int 2013; 4:15. [PMID: 23493580 PMCID: PMC3589840 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of an interaction between inflammatory cytokines and glutamate receptors among a number of neurological diseases including traumatic brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) infections. A number of recent studies have now suggested a strong relation between inflammatory mechanisms and excitatory cascades and these may play a role in glioma invasiveness and proliferation. Chronic inflammation appears to be a major initiating mechanism in most human cancers, involving cell-signaling pathways, which are responsible for cell cycling, cancer cell migration, invasion, tumor aggressiveness, and angiogenesis. It is less well appreciated that glutamate receptors also play a significant role in both proliferation and especially glioma invasion. There is some evidence that sustained elevations in glutamate may play a role in initiating certain cancers and new studies demonstrate an interaction between inflammation and glutamate receptors that may enhance tumor invasion and metastasis by affecting a number of cell-signaling mechanisms. These mechanisms are discussed in this paper as well as novel treatment options for reducing immune-glutamate promotion of cancer growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell L Blaylock
- Theoretical Neurosciences LLC, Visiting Professor of Biology, Department of Biology, Belhaven University, Jackson, MS 39157, USA
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82
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Izzi V, Chiurchiù V, Doldo E, Palumbo C, Tresoldi I, Bei R, Albonici L, Modesti A. Interleukin-17 Produced by Malignant Mesothelioma-Polarized Immune Cells Promotes Tumor Growth and Invasiveness. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly fatal tumor of inner body membranes, the extensive growth of which is supported by both a weak immunogenicity and the ability to reprogram surrounding immune cells towards tumor-supporting phenotypes. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a major inflammatory cytokine which is now accepted as the paradigmatic cytokine of many autoimmune diseases; however, its role in tumor immunology has only been partially unraveled, and no data exist regarding its possible involvement in MM. Thus, in this work we evaluated the ability of MM to induce IL-17 production in immune cells and the effects of IL-17 on MM growth and invasiveness. Our data show for the first time that macrophages and CD4+ T-cells are polarized by MM to produce IL-17, and that this cytokine exerts multiple tumor-supporting effects on both cell growth and invasiveness. These data provide novel evidence of the crosstalk occurring between MM and immune cells and suggest potential targets for the development of new pharmacological approaches for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Izzi
- Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - V. Chiurchiù
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
| | - E. Doldo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Palumbo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - I. Tresoldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Albonici
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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83
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Angiogenesis: A promising therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 84:314-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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84
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Wang Y, Zhou BP. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer progression and metastasis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 30:603-11. [PMID: 21880181 PMCID: PMC3702729 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and approximately 90% of breast cancer deaths are caused by local invasion and distant metastasis of tumor cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a vital process for large-scale cell movement during morphogenesis at the time of embryonic development. Tumor cells usurp this developmental program to execute the multi-step process of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Several transcription factors and signals are involved in these events. In this review, we summarize recent advances in breast cancer researches that have provided new insights in the molecular mechanisms underlying EMT regulation during breast cancer progression and metastasis. We especially focus on the molecular pathways that control EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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85
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Immunity and malignant mesothelioma: From mesothelial cell damage to tumor development and immune response-based therapies. Cancer Lett 2012; 322:18-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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86
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Kaul V, Van Kaer L, Das G, Das J. Prostanoid receptor 2 signaling protects T helper 2 cells from BALB/c mice against activation-induced cell death. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:25434-9. [PMID: 22654101 PMCID: PMC3408175 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c111.324707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 2 (Th2) cells play a central role in the progression of many diseases such as allergic airway inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and infections caused by intracellular pathogens. Consequently, animals such as BALB/c mice, which exhibit a propensity for generating Th2 responses, are susceptible to allergic airway inflammation, type-II autoimmune diseases, and various infections induced by intracellular pathogens, namely, Leishmania. In contrast, C3H/OuJ mice have a tendency for generating T helper 1 (Th1) responses and show resistance to these diseases. Here, we show that prostaglandin endoperoxide E(2) selectively inhibits activation-induced cell death of Th2 cells by signaling through its receptor E-prostanoid receptor 2 (EP2). Consequently, Th2 cells derived from BALB/c mice expressed very high levels of EP2. On the other hand, Th2 cells derived from C3H/OuJ mice expressed very low levels of EP2, which failed to support the survival of Th2 cells. Furthermore, we found that this effect of EP2 on Th2 cells from BALB/c mice was executed by a granzyme B-mediated mechanism. EP2 belongs to a group of G-protein-coupled receptors that are amenable to therapeutic targeting. Our findings therefore identify EP2 as a promising target for small molecule-directed immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Kaul
- Immunology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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87
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Feyler S, Scott GB, Parrish C, Jarmin S, Evans P, Short M, McKinley K, Selby PJ, Cook G. Tumour cell generation of inducible regulatory T-cells in multiple myeloma is contact-dependent and antigen-presenting cell-independent. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35981. [PMID: 22666318 PMCID: PMC3362588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (TReg cells) are increased in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We investigated whether MM cells could generate and/or expand TReg cells as a method of immuno-surveillance avoidance. In an in vitro model, CD4+CD25-FoxP3- T-cells co-cultured with malignant plasma cells (primary MM cells and cell lines) induced a significant generation of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ inducible TReg cells (tTReg cells; p<0.0001), in a contact-dependent manner. tTReg cells were polyclonal, demonstrated a suppressive phenotype and phenotypically, demonstrated increased FoxP3 (p = 0.0001), increased GITR (p<0.0001), increased PD1 (p = 0.003) and decreased CD62L (p = 0.007) expression compared with naturally occurring TReg cells. FACS-sorted tTReg cells differentiated into FoxP+IL-17+ and FoxP3-IL-17+ CD4+ cells upon TCR-mediated stimulation. Blocking experiments with anti-ICOS-L MoAb resulted in a significant inhibition of tTReg cell generation whereas both IL-10 & TGFβ blockade did not. MM tumour cells can directly generate functional TReg cells in a contact-dependent manner, mediated by ICOS/ICOS-L. These features suggest that tumour generation of TReg cells may contribute to evasion of immune surveillance by the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Feyler
- Transplant Immunology Group, Academic Department of Haematology and Oncology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Gina B. Scott
- Transplant Immunology Group, Academic Department of Haematology and Oncology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Parrish
- Transplant Immunology Group, Academic Department of Haematology and Oncology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jarmin
- Transplant Immunology Group, Academic Department of Haematology and Oncology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Evans
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Short
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine McKinley
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Selby
- Academic Department of Haematology and Oncology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Cook
- Transplant Immunology Group, Academic Department of Haematology and Oncology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, St James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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88
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Barbosa ALR, Pinheiro CA, Oliveira GJ, Torres JNL, Moraes MO, Ribeiro RA, Vale ML, Souza MHLP. Participation of the NO/cGMP/K+ATP pathway in the antinociception induced by Walker tumor bearing in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:531-6. [PMID: 22450376 PMCID: PMC3854299 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation of Walker 256 tumor decreases acute systemic inflammation in rats. Inflammatory hyperalgesia is one of the most important events of acute inflammation. The L-arginine/NO/cGMP/K+ATP pathway has been proposed as the mechanism of peripheral antinociception mediated by several drugs and physical exercise. The objective of this study was to investigate a possible involvement of the NO/cGMP/K+ATP pathway in antinociception induced in Walker 256 tumor-bearing male Wistar rats (180-220 g). The groups consisted of 5-6 animals. Mechanical inflammatory hypernociception was evaluated using an electronic version of the von Frey test. Walker tumor (4th and 7th day post-implantation) reduced prostaglandin E2- (PGE2, 400 ng/paw; 50 µL; intraplantar injection) and carrageenan-induced hypernociception (500 µg/paw; 100 µL; intraplantar injection). Walker tumor-induced analgesia was reversed (99.3% for carrageenan and 77.2% for PGE2) by a selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (L-NAME; 90 mg/kg, ip) and L-arginine (200 mg/kg, ip), which prevented (80% for carrageenan and 65% for PGE2) the effect of L-NAME. Treatment with the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (100% for carrageenan and 95% for PGE2; 8 µg/paw) and the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) blocker glibenclamide (87.5% for carrageenan and 100% for PGE2; 160 µg/paw) reversed the antinociceptive effect of tumor bearing in a statistically significant manner (P < 0.05). The present study confirmed an intrinsic peripheral antinociceptive effect of Walker tumor bearing in rats. This antinociceptive effect seemed to be mediated by activation of the NO/cGMP pathway followed by the opening of KATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L R Barbosa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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89
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Garg AD, Krysko DV, Verfaillie T, Kaczmarek A, Ferreira GB, Marysael T, Rubio N, Firczuk M, Mathieu C, Roebroek AJM, Annaert W, Golab J, de Witte P, Vandenabeele P, Agostinis P. A novel pathway combining calreticulin exposure and ATP secretion in immunogenic cancer cell death. EMBO J 2012; 31:1062-79. [PMID: 22252128 PMCID: PMC3298003 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-exposed calreticulin (ecto-CRT) and secreted ATP are crucial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) for immunogenic apoptosis. Inducers of immunogenic apoptosis rely on an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-based (reactive oxygen species (ROS)-regulated) pathway for ecto-CRT induction, but the ATP secretion pathway is unknown. We found that after photodynamic therapy (PDT), which generates ROS-mediated ER stress, dying cancer cells undergo immunogenic apoptosis characterized by phenotypic maturation (CD80(high), CD83(high), CD86(high), MHC-II(high)) and functional stimulation (NO(high), IL-10(absent), IL-1β(high)) of dendritic cells as well as induction of a protective antitumour immune response. Intriguingly, early after PDT the cancer cells displayed ecto-CRT and secreted ATP before exhibiting biochemical signatures of apoptosis, through overlapping PERK-orchestrated pathways that require a functional secretory pathway and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated plasma membrane/extracellular trafficking. Interestingly, eIF2α phosphorylation and caspase-8 signalling are dispensable for this ecto-CRT exposure. We also identified LRP1/CD91 as the surface docking site for ecto-CRT and found that depletion of PERK, PI3K p110α and LRP1 but not caspase-8 reduced the immunogenicity of the cancer cells. These results unravel a novel PERK-dependent subroutine for the early and simultaneous emission of two critical DAMPs following ROS-mediated ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Verfaillie
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnieszka Kaczmarek
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gabriela B Ferreira
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (LEGENDO), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Marysael
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noemi Rubio
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department 3, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (LEGENDO), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anton J M Roebroek
- Experimental Mouse Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and VIB-Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department 3, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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90
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Ramadan SM, Fouad TM, Summa V, Hasan SK, Lo-Coco F. Acute myeloid leukemia developing in patients with autoimmune diseases. Haematologica 2011; 97:805-17. [PMID: 22180424 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.056283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia is an unfortunate complication of cancer treatment, particularly for patients with highly curable primary malignancies and favorable life expectancy. The risk of developing therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia also applies to patients with non-malignant conditions, such as autoimmune diseases treated with cytotoxic and/or immunosuppressive agents. There is considerable evidence to suggest that there is an increased occurrence of hematologic malignancies in patients with autoimmune diseases compared to the general population, with a further increase in risk after exposure to cytotoxic therapies. Unfortunately, studies have failed to reveal a clear correlation between leukemia development and exposure to individual agents used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Given the dismal outcome of secondary acute myeloid leukemia and the wide range of available agents for treatment of autoimmune diseases, an increased awareness of this risk and further investigation into the pathogenetic mechanisms of acute leukemia in autoimmune disease patients are warranted. This article will review the data available on the development of acute myeloid leukemia in patients with autoimmune diseases. Possible leukemogeneic mechanisms in these patients, as well as evidence supporting the association of their primary immunosuppressive status and their exposure to specific therapies, will also be reviewed. This review also supports the idea that it may be misleading to label leukemias that develop in patients with autoimmune diseases who are exposed to cytotoxic agents as 'therapy-related leukemias'. A better understanding of the molecular defects in autoimmune disease patients who develop acute leukemia will lead to a better understanding of the association between these two diseases entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa M Ramadan
- Department of Medical Oncology, NCI-Cairo University, 11796 Cairo, Egypt.
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91
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Stoy N. Innate origins of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: Implications for computer-assisted design of disease-modifying therapies. Drug Dev Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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92
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Cobbs CS. Evolving evidence implicates cytomegalovirus as a promoter of malignant glioma pathogenesis. HERPESVIRIDAE 2011; 2:10. [PMID: 22030012 PMCID: PMC3214144 DOI: 10.1186/2042-4280-2-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was first reported to be strongly associated with human malignant gliomas in 2002. HCMV is a herpesvirus that causes congenital brain infection and multi-organ disease in immumocompromised individuals. Malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive adult brain tumors and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the highest grade glioma, is associated with a life expectancy of less than two years. HCMV gene products encode for multiple proteins that can promote the various signaling pathways critical to tumor growth, including those involved in mitogenesis, mutagenesis, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion and immuno-evasion. Several groups have now demonstrated that human malignant gliomas are universally infected with HCMV and express gene products that can promote key signaling pathways in glioma pathogenesis. In this review I discuss specific HCMV gene products that we and others have recently found to be expressed in GBM in vivo, including the HCMV IE1, US28, gB and IL-10 proteins. The roles these HCMV gene products play in dysregulating key pathways in glioma biology, including the PDGFR, AKT, STAT3, and monocyte/microglia function are discussed. Finally, I review emerging human clinical trials for GBM based on anti-HCMV strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Cobbs
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 475 Brannan Street, San Francisco, CA, 94114, USA.
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93
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Iwami K, Natsume A, Wakabayashi T. Cytokine networks in glioma. Neurosurg Rev 2011; 34:253-63; discussion 263-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-011-0320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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94
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Abstract
Cancers are still difficult targets despite recent advances in cancer therapy. Due to the heterogeneity of cancer, a single-treatment modality is insufficient for the complete elimination of cancer cells. Therapeutic strategies from various aspects are needed. Gene therapy has been expected to bring a breakthrough to cancer therapy, but it has not yet been successful. Gene therapy also should be combined with other treatments to enhance multiple therapeutic pathways. In this view, gene delivery vector itself should be equipped with intrinsic anti-cancer activities. HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan; Sendai virus) envelope vector (HVJ-E) was developed to deliver therapeutic molecules. HVJ-E itself possessed anti-tumor activities such as the generation of anti-tumor immunities and the induction of cancer-selective apoptosis. In addition to the intrinsic anti-tumor activities, therapeutic molecules incorporated into HVJ-E enabled to achieve multi-modal therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment. Tumor-targeting HVJ-E was also developed. Thus, HVJ-E will be a novel promising tool for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Kaneda
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan.
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95
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Song X, Guo W, Cui J, Qian X, Yi L, Chang M, Cai Q, Zhao Q. A tritherapy combination of a fusion protein vaccine with immune-modulating doses of sequential chemotherapies in an optimized regimen completely eradicates large tumors in mice. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:1129-38. [PMID: 20473939 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-induced immunosuppression plays a critical role in both impeding tumor-specific immune responses and limiting the effects of cancer immunotherapy. Analyses of regulatory cells recruited during the growth of the E7-expressing tumor, TC-1, revealed a high percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) as well as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in spleens and tumors. In this study, we proposed that treatment with immune-modulating doses of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) would result in a beneficial tumor microenvironment with the suppression of Tregs and MDSCs and, thus, enhance the effect of a human papillomavirus protein vaccine. Our results showed that CTX preconditioning and persistent ATRA treatment along with the vaccine achieved long-term survival and induced long-term memory responses. However, the effect of the antitumor response sharply declined when the tritherapy was initiated after the optimal therapeutic time. The more intensive regimen could rescue the effect of the tritherapy accompanied by the decreased percentage of Tregs and MDSCs in spleens and tumors. Besides, a favorable host environment was created by the reduced secretion of interleukin-10 and 6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the tumor niche and decreased the expression of phosphorylation-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 of TC-1 tumors. Our data shed light on the immune-modulating doses of sequential chemoimmunotherapeutic strategy targeting not only the tumor but also its microenvironment, which suggests a potential clinical benefit for the immunotherapy of HPV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Song
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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96
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Gavalas NG, Karadimou A, Dimopoulos MA, Bamias A. Immune response in ovarian cancer: how is the immune system involved in prognosis and therapy: potential for treatment utilization. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2010:791603. [PMID: 21318181 PMCID: PMC3034919 DOI: 10.1155/2010/791603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women. Resistance to the disease occurs in more than 70% of the cases even after treated with chemotherapy agents such as paclitaxel- and platinum-based agents. The immune system is increasingly becoming a target for intense research in order to study the host's immune response against ovarian cancer. T cell populations, including NK T cells and Tregs, and cytokines have been associated with disease outcome, indicating their increasing clinical significance, having been associated with prognosis and as markers of disease progress, respectively. Harnessing the immune system capacity in order to induce antitumor response remains a major challenge. This paper examines the recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms of development of the immune response in ovarian cancer as well as its prognostic significance and the existing experience in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos G. Gavalas
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Karadimou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Bamias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 115 28 Athens, Greece
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97
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Kim HS, Kim JY, Lee HK, Kim MS, Lee SR, Kang JS, Kim HM, Lee KA, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Dendritic cell activation by glucan isolated from umbilicaria esculenta. Immune Netw 2010; 10:188-97. [PMID: 21286379 PMCID: PMC3026938 DOI: 10.4110/in.2010.10.6.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lichen-derived glucans have been known to stimulate the functions of immune cells. However, immunostimulatory activity of glucan obtained from edible lichen, Umbilicaria esculenta, has not been reported. Thus we evaluated the phenotype and functional maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) following treatment of extracted glucan (PUE). Methods The phenotypic and functional maturation of PUE-treated DCs was assessed by flow cytometric analysis and cytokine production, respectively. PUE-treated DCs was also used for mixed leukocyte reaction to evaluate T cell-priming capacity. Finally we detected the activation of MAPK and NF-κB by immunoblot. Results Phenotypic maturation of DCs was shown by the elevated expressions of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC class I/II molecules. Functional activation of DCs was proved by increased cytokine production of IL-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-α/β, decreased endocytosis, and enhanced proliferation of allogenic T cells. Polymyxin B, specific inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), did not affect PUE activity, which suggested that PUE was free of LPS contamination. As a mechanism of action, PUE increased phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs, and enhanced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50/p65 in DCs. Conclusion These results indicate that PUE induced DC maturation via MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Sook Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center (CICT), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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98
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Kaneda Y. Update on non-viral delivery methods for cancer therapy: possibilities of a drug delivery system with anticancer activities beyond delivery as a new therapeutic tool. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:1079-93. [PMID: 20716020 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.510511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Cancer is the most formidable human disease. Owing to the heterogeneity of cancer, a single-treatment modality is insufficient for the complete elimination of cancer cells. Therapeutic strategies from various aspects are needed for cancer therapy. These therapeutic agents should be carefully selected to enhance multiple therapeutic pathways. Non-viral delivery methods have been utilized to enhance the tumor-selective delivery of therapeutic molecules, including proteins, synthetic oligonucleotides, small compounds and genes. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW As non-viral delivery methods, liposomes and polymer-based delivery materials to target tumors mainly by systemic delivery, physical methods including electroporation, sonoporation, and so on, to locally inject therapeutic molecules, and virosomes to use the viral infectious machinery for the delivery of therapeutic molecules are summarized. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This article aims to provide an overview of the characteristic properties of each non-viral vector. It will be beneficial to utilize appropriately the vector for cancer treatment. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Efficient and minimally invasive vectors are generally considered to be the ideal drug delivery system (DDS). However, against cancer, DDS equipped with antitumor activities may be a therapeutic choice. By combining therapeutic molecules with DDS having antitumor activities, enhancement of the multiple therapeutic pathways may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Kaneda
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Gene Therapy Science, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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99
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Soroceanu L, Cobbs CS, Colapietro P, Pileri P, Colleoni F, Avagliano L, Doi P, Bulfamante G, Miozzo M, Cetin I. Is HCMV a tumor promoter? Virus Res 2010; 157:193-203. [PMID: 21036194 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a beta-herpesvirus that causes persistent infection in humans and can cause severe disease in fetuses and immunocompromised individuals. Although HCMV is not currently causally implicated in human cancer, emerging evidence suggests that HCMV infection and expression may be specifically associated with human malignancies including malignant glioma, colon, and prostate cancer. In addition, multiple investigators have demonstrated that HCMV can dysregulate signaling pathways involved in initiation and promotion of malignancy, including tumor suppressor, mitogenic signaling, inflammatory, immune regulation, angiogenesis and invasion, and epigenetic mechanisms. This review highlights some of the recent evidence that HCMV might play a role in modulating the tumor microenvironment as well as in the initiation and promotion of tumor cells themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Soroceanu
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 475 Brannan Street, Suite 220, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA. liliana
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100
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Kim HS, Kim JY, Ryu HS, Park HG, Kim YO, Kang JS, Kim HM, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Induction of dendritic cell maturation by β-glucan isolated from Sparassis crispa. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:1284-94. [PMID: 20699131 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sparassis crispa is a medicinal mushroom containing high 6-branched 1,3-β-D-glucan (sparan) content, which exhibits immune-mediated antitumor activity. In the present study, we investigated the stimulating effect of sparan on phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). Phenotypic maturation was confirmed by the elevated expressions of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC-I/II molecules. Functional activation was proved by increased cytokine production of IL-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-α/β, enhanced IL-2 production and proliferation of allogenic T cells, and decreased endocytosis. The role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a membrane receptor of sparan was proved by the impaired maturation of DCs generated from bone marrow cells of tlr4⁻/⁻ knock-out mice and TLR4-mutated C3H/HeJ mice, and by using anti-MD-2/TLR4 neutralizing antibody. Sparan increased phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK, and enhanced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50/p65 in DCs. These results indicate that sparan activates DCs via MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which are signaling molecules downstream of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Sook Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center (CICT), Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong, Heungduk, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
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