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Dabkowska A, Domka K, Firczuk M. Advancements in cancer immunotherapies targeting CD20: from pioneering monoclonal antibodies to chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363102. [PMID: 38638442 PMCID: PMC11024268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
CD20 located predominantly on the B cells plays a crucial role in their development, differentiation, and activation, and serves as a key therapeutic target for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. The breakthrough of monoclonal antibodies directed against CD20, notably exemplified by rituximab, revolutionized the prognosis of B-cell malignancies. Rituximab, approved across various hematological malignancies, marked a paradigm shift in cancer treatment. In the current landscape, immunotherapies targeting CD20 continue to evolve rapidly. Beyond traditional mAbs, advancements include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), and chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR) T cells. ADCs combine the precision of antibodies with the cytotoxic potential of drugs, presenting a promising avenue for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. BsAbs, particularly CD20xCD3 constructs, redirect cytotoxic T cells to eliminate cancer cells, thereby enhancing both precision and potency in their therapeutic action. CAR-T cells stand as a promising strategy for combatting hematological malignancies, representing one of the truly personalized therapeutic interventions. Many new therapies are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. This review serves as a comprehensive summary of CD20-targeted therapies, highlighting the progress and challenges that persist. Despite significant advancements, adverse events associated with these therapies and the development of resistance remain critical issues. Understanding and mitigating these challenges is paramount for the continued success of CD20-targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dabkowska
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Domka
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Komorowski L, Dabkowska A, Madzio J, Pastorczak A, Szczygiel K, Janowska M, Fidyt K, Bielecki M, Hunia J, Bajor M, Stoklosa T, Winiarska M, Patkowska E, Firczuk M. Concomitant inhibition of the thioredoxin system and nonhomologous DNA repair potently sensitizes Philadelphia-positive lymphoid leukemia to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e56. [PMID: 38486859 PMCID: PMC10938465 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR::ABL1) gene fusion is an essential oncogene in both chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). While tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in up to 95% of CML patients, 50% of Ph+ B-ALL cases do not respond to treatment or relapse. This calls for new therapeutic approaches for Ph+ B-ALL. Previous studies have shown that inhibitors of the thioredoxin (TXN) system exert antileukemic activity against B-ALL cells, particularly in combination with other drugs. Here, we present that peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1), one of the enzymes of the TXN system, is upregulated in Ph+ lymphoid as compared to Ph+ myeloid cells. PRDX1 knockout negatively affects the viability of Ph+ B-ALL cells and sensitizes them to TKIs. Analysis of global gene expression changes in imatinib-treated, PRDX1-deficient cells revealed that the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair is a novel vulnerability of Ph+ B-ALL cells. Accordingly, PRDX1-deficient Ph+ B-ALL cells were susceptible to NHEJ inhibitors. Finally, we demonstrated the potent efficacy of a novel combination of TKIs, TXN inhibitors, and NHEJ inhibitors against Ph+ B-ALL cell lines and primary cells, which can be further investigated as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of Ph+ B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Komorowski
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular MedicineMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Agnieszka Dabkowska
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Joanna Madzio
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and HematologyMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Agata Pastorczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and HematologyMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Kacper Szczygiel
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Polpharma Biologics SAGdańskPoland
| | - Martyna Janowska
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Maksymilian Bielecki
- Department of PsychologySWPS University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsawPoland
| | - Jaromir Hunia
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Malgorzata Bajor
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Tomasz Stoklosa
- Department of Tumor Biology and GeneticsMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | | | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of ImmunologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
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3
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Casey NP, Klee CH, Fåne A, Caulier B, Graczyk-Jarzynka A, Krawczyk M, Fidyt K, Josefsson SE, Köksal H, Dillard P, Patkowska E, Firczuk M, Smeland EB, Winiarska M, Myklebust JH, Inderberg EM, Wälchli S. Efficient chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting of a central epitope of CD22. J Biol Chem 2023:104883. [PMID: 37269947 PMCID: PMC10331463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has had considerable success in the treatment of B cell malignancies. Targeting the B-lineage markerCD19 has brought great advances to treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and B cell lymphomas. However, relapse remains an issue in many cases. Such relapse can result from downregulation or loss of CD19 from the malignant cell population, or expression of alternate isoforms. Consequently, there remains a need to target alternative B-cell antigens and diversify the spectrum of epitopes targeted within the same antigen. CD22 has been identified as a substitute target in cases of CD19-negative relapse. One anti-CD22 antibody - clone m971 - targets a membrane-proximal epitope of CD22 and has been widely validated and used in the clinic. Here we have compared m971-CAR with a novel CAR derived from IS7, an antibody that targets a central epitope on CD22. The IS7-CAR has superior avidity, and is active and specific against CD22 positive targets, including B-ALL patient-derived xenograft (PDX) samples. Side-by-side comparisons indicated that while IS7-CAR killed less rapidly than m971-CAR in vitro, it remains efficient in controlling lymphoma xenograft models in vivo. Thus, IS7-CAR presents a potential alternative candidate for treatment of refractory B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Paul Casey
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clara Helena Klee
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Fåne
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benjamin Caulier
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming (CanCell), Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Agnieszka Graczyk-Jarzynka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Krawczyk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sarah E Josefsson
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hakan Köksal
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pierre Dillard
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Erlend B Smeland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - June H Myklebust
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Translational Research Unit, Section of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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4
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Marhelava K, Krawczyk M, Firczuk M, Fidyt K. CAR-T Cells Shoot for New Targets: Novel Approaches to Boost Adoptive Cell Therapy for B Cell-Derived Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:1804. [PMID: 35681499 PMCID: PMC9180412 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is undeniably a promising tool in combating various types of hematological malignancies. However, it is not yet optimal and a significant number of patients experience a lack of response or relapse after the treatment. Therapy improvement requires careful analysis of the occurring problems and a deeper understanding of the reasons that stand behind them. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge about CAR-T products' clinical performance and discuss diversified approaches taken to improve the major shortcomings of this therapy. Especially, we prioritize the challenges faced by CD19 CAR-T cell-based treatment of B cell-derived malignancies and revise the latest insights about mechanisms mediating therapy resistance. Since the loss of CD19 is one of the major obstacles to the success of CAR-T cell therapy, we present antigens that could be alternatively used for the treatment of various types of B cell-derived cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsiaryna Marhelava
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
| | - Marta Krawczyk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School of Translational Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.); (M.K.); (M.F.)
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5
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Goral A, Firczuk M, Fidyt K, Sledz M, Simoncello F, Siudakowska K, Pagano G, Moussay E, Paggetti J, Nowakowska P, Gobessi S, Barankiewicz J, Salomon-Perzynski A, Benvenuti F, Efremov DG, Juszczynski P, Lech-Maranda E, Muchowicz A. A Specific CD44lo CD25lo Subpopulation of Regulatory T Cells Inhibits Anti-Leukemic Immune Response and Promotes the Progression in a Mouse Model of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:781364. [PMID: 35296093 PMCID: PMC8918500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.781364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are capable of inhibiting the proliferation, activation and function of T cells and play an important role in impeding the immune response to cancer. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) a dysfunctional immune response and elevated percentage of effector-like phenotype Tregs have been described. In this study, using the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model of CLL, we evaluated the changes in the Tregs phenotype and their expansion at different stages of leukemia progression. Importantly, we show that Tregs depletion in DEREG mice triggered the expansion of new anti-leukemic cytotoxic T cell clones leading to leukemia eradication. In TCL1 leukemia-bearing mice we identified and characterized a specific Tregs subpopulation, the phenotype of which suggests its role in the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, supportive for leukemia survival and proliferation. This observation was also confirmed by the gene expression profile analysis of these TCL1-specific Tregs. The obtained data on Tregs are consistent with those described so far, however, above all show that the changes in the Tregs phenotype described in CLL result from the formation of a specific, described in this study Tregs subpopulation. In addition, functional tests revealed the ability of Tregs to inhibit T cells that recognize model antigens expressed by leukemic cells. Moreover, inhibition of Tregs with a MALT1 inhibitor provided a therapeutic benefit, both as monotherapy and also when combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Altogether, activation of Tregs appears to be crucial for CLL progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Goral
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Sledz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesca Simoncello
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Pagano
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jérôme Paggetti
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Stefania Gobessi
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Joanna Barankiewicz
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Federica Benvenuti
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dimitar G. Efremov
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Przemyslaw Juszczynski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Lech-Maranda
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Angelika Muchowicz,
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6
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Klopotowska M, Bajor M, Graczyk-Jarzynka A, Kraft A, Pilch Z, Zhylko A, Firczuk M, Baranowska I, Lazniewski M, Plewczynski D, Goral A, Soroczynska K, Domagala J, Marhelava K, Slusarczyk A, Retecki K, Ramji K, Krawczyk M, Temples MN, Sharma B, Lachota M, Netskar H, Malmberg KJ, Zagozdzon R, Winiarska M. PRDX-1 Supports the Survival and Antitumor Activity of Primary and CAR-Modified NK Cells under Oxidative Stress. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:228-244. [PMID: 34853030 PMCID: PMC9414282 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, caused by the imbalance between reactive species generation and the dysfunctional capacity of antioxidant defenses, is one of the characteristic features of cancer. Here, we quantified hydrogen peroxide in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide concentrations are elevated in tumor interstitial fluid isolated from murine breast cancers in vivo, when compared with blood or normal subcutaneous fluid. Therefore, we investigated the effects of increased hydrogen peroxide concentration on immune cell functions. NK cells were more susceptible to hydrogen peroxide than T cells or B cells, and by comparing T, B, and NK cells' sensitivities to redox stress and their antioxidant capacities, we identified peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1) as a lacking element of NK cells' antioxidative defense. We observed that priming with IL15 protected NK cells' functions in the presence of high hydrogen peroxide and simultaneously upregulated PRDX1 expression. However, the effect of IL15 on PRDX1 expression was transient and strictly dependent on the presence of the cytokine. Therefore, we genetically modified NK cells to stably overexpress PRDX1, which led to increased survival and NK cell activity in redox stress conditions. Finally, we generated PD-L1-CAR NK cells overexpressing PRDX1 that displayed potent antitumor activity against breast cancer cells under oxidative stress. These results demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide, at concentrations detected in the TME, suppresses NK cell function and that genetic modification strategies can improve CAR NK cells' resistance and potency against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Klopotowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Bajor
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Graczyk-Jarzynka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kraft
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Pilch
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andriy Zhylko
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Iwona Baranowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Lazniewski
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Plewczynski
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Goral
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Domagala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Kuba Retecki
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kavita Ramji
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Krawczyk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Madison N. Temples
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Blanka Sharma
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mieszko Lachota
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Herman Netskar
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Radoslaw Zagozdzon
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Corresponding Author: Magdalena Winiarska, Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland. Phone: 4822-599-21-72; Fax: 4822-599-21-94; E-mail:
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7
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Pastorczak A, Domka K, Fidyt K, Poprzeczko M, Firczuk M. Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1536. [PMID: 33810515 PMCID: PMC8037152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) results from a clonal expansion of abnormal lymphoid progenitors of B cell (BCP-ALL) or T cell (T-ALL) origin that invade bone marrow, peripheral blood, and extramedullary sites. Leukemic cells, apart from their oncogene-driven ability to proliferate and avoid differentiation, also change the phenotype and function of innate and adaptive immune cells, leading to escape from the immune surveillance. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic heterogeneity and treatment of BCP- and T-ALL. We outline the interactions of leukemic cells in the bone marrow microenvironment, mainly with mesenchymal stem cells and immune cells. We describe the mechanisms by which ALL cells escape from immune recognition and elimination by the immune system. We focus on the alterations in ALL cells, such as overexpression of ligands for various inhibitory receptors, including anti-phagocytic receptors on macrophages, NK cell inhibitory receptors, as well as T cell immune checkpoints. In addition, we describe how developing leukemia shapes the bone marrow microenvironment and alters the function of immune cells. Finally, we emphasize that an immunosuppressive microenvironment can reduce the efficacy of chemo- and immunotherapy and provide examples of preclinical studies showing strategies for improving ALL treatment by targeting these immunosuppressive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Pastorczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Domka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Poprzeczko
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (K.F.); (M.P.)
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8
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Komorowski L, Fidyt K, Patkowska E, Firczuk M. Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Leukemia in the Lymphoid Lineage-Similarities and Differences with the Myeloid Lineage and Specific Vulnerabilities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5776. [PMID: 32806528 PMCID: PMC7460962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) results from a translocation between the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene on chromosome 9 and ABL proto-oncogene 1 (ABL1) gene on chromosome 22. The fusion gene, BCR-ABL1, is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase which promotes development of leukemia. Depending on the breakpoint site within the BCR gene, different isoforms of BCR-ABL1 exist, with p210 and p190 being the most prevalent. P210 isoform is the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), while p190 isoform is expressed in majority of Ph-positive B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ B-ALL) cases. The crucial component of treatment protocols of CML and Ph+ B-ALL patients are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), drugs which target both BCR-ABL1 isoforms. While TKIs therapy is successful in great majority of CML patients, Ph+ B-ALL often relapses as a drug-resistant disease. Recently, the high-throughput genomic and proteomic analyses revealed significant differences between CML and Ph+ B-ALL. In this review we summarize recent discoveries related to differential signaling pathways mediated by different BCR-ABL1 isoforms, lineage-specific genetic lesions, and metabolic reprogramming. In particular, we emphasize the features distinguishing Ph+ B-ALL from CML and focus on potential therapeutic approaches exploiting those characteristics, which could improve the treatment of Ph+ B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Komorowski
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (L.K.); (K.F.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Trojdena 2a St, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (L.K.); (K.F.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Trojdena 2a St, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Patkowska
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indiry Gandhi 14, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (L.K.); (K.F.)
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9
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Domka K, Goral A, Firczuk M. cROSsing the Line: Between Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species in B-Cell Malignancies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1538. [PMID: 32793211 PMCID: PMC7385186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell malignancies are a heterogeneous group of hematological neoplasms derived from cells at different stages of B-cell development. Recent studies revealed that dysregulated redox metabolism is one of the factors contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of B-cell malignancies. Elevated levels of oxidative stress markers usually correlate with the advanced stage of various B-cell malignancies. In the complex tumor microenvironment, reactive oxygen species affect not only malignant cells but also bystander cells, including immune cells. Importantly, malignant cells, due to genetic dysregulation, are able to adapt to the increased demands for energy and reducing equivalents via metabolic reprogramming and upregulation of antioxidants. The immune cells, however, are more sensitive to oxidative imbalance. This may cause their dysfunction, leading to immune evasion and tumor progression. On the other hand, the already imbalanced redox homeostasis renders malignant B-cells particularly sensitive to further elevation of reactive oxygen species. Indeed, targeting antioxidant systems has already presented anti-leukemic efficacy in preclinical models. Moreover, the prooxidant treatment that triggers immunogenic cell death has been utilized to generate autologous anti-leukemic vaccines. In this article, we review novel research on the dual role of the reactive oxygen species in B-cell malignancies. We highlight the mechanisms of maintaining redox homeostasis by malignant B-cells along with the antioxidant shield provided by the microenvironment. We summarize current findings regarding therapeutic targeting of redox metabolism in B-cell malignancies. We also discuss how the oxidative stress affects antitumor immune response and how excessive reactive oxygens species influence anticancer prooxidant treatments and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Domka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Goral
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Bajor M, Graczyk-Jarzynka A, Marhelava K, Kurkowiak M, Rahman A, Aura C, Russell N, Zych AO, Firczuk M, Winiarska M, Gallagher WM, Zagozdzon R. Triple Combination of Ascorbate, Menadione and the Inhibition of Peroxiredoxin-1 Produces Synergistic Cytotoxic Effects in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040320. [PMID: 32316111 PMCID: PMC7222372 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of mammary malignancy currently without satisfactory systemic treatment options. Agents generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as ascorbate (Asc) and menadione (Men), especially applied in combination, have been proposed as an alternative anticancer modality. However, their effectiveness can be hampered by the cytoprotective effects of elevated antioxidant enzymes (e.g., peroxiredoxins, PRDX) in cancer. In this study, PRDX1 mRNA and protein expression were assessed in TNBC tissues by analysis of the online RNA-seq datasets and immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarray, respectively. We demonstrated that PRDX1 mRNA expression was markedly elevated in primary TNBC tumors as compared to non-malignant controls, with PRDX1 protein staining intensity correlating with favorable survival parameters. Subsequently, PRDX1 functionality in TNBC cell lines or non-malignant mammary cells was targeted by genetic silencing or chemically by auranofin (AUR). The PRDX1-knockdown or AUR treatment resulted in inhibition of the growth of TNBC cells in vitro. These cytotoxic effects were further synergistically potentiated by the incubation with a combination of the prooxidant agents, Asc and Men. In conclusion, we report that the PRDX1-related antioxidant system is essential for maintaining redox homeostasis in TNBC cells and can be an attractive therapeutic target in combination with ROS-generating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Bajor
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Graczyk-Jarzynka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.-J.); (A.O.Z.); (M.F.); (M.W.)
| | - Katsiaryna Marhelava
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (K.M.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Trojdena 2a, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kurkowiak
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Arman Rahman
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 Dublin 4, Ireland; (A.R.); (C.A.); (N.R.); (W.M.G.)
| | - Claudia Aura
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 Dublin 4, Ireland; (A.R.); (C.A.); (N.R.); (W.M.G.)
| | - Niamh Russell
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 Dublin 4, Ireland; (A.R.); (C.A.); (N.R.); (W.M.G.)
| | - Agata O. Zych
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.-J.); (A.O.Z.); (M.F.); (M.W.)
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.-J.); (A.O.Z.); (M.F.); (M.W.)
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.-J.); (A.O.Z.); (M.F.); (M.W.)
| | - William M. Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 Dublin 4, Ireland; (A.R.); (C.A.); (N.R.); (W.M.G.)
- OncoMark Ltd., Nova UCD, D04 Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Radoslaw Zagozdzon
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (K.M.)
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology, and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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11
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Firczuk M, Bajor M, Graczyk-Jarzynka A, Fidyt K, Goral A, Zagozdzon R. Harnessing altered oxidative metabolism in cancer by augmented prooxidant therapy. Cancer Lett 2020; 471:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Rywik T, Braniewska A, Kowalik I, Firczuk M, Kozar-Kaminska K, Wojciechowska A, Kasprzyk-Pawelec A, Sobieszczanska-Malek M, Leszek P, Rozentryt P, Zielinski T. P750Role of circulating endothelial cells post-heart transplantation. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in heart transplantation (HT) is not well defined. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the dynamic changes of circulating EPC levels in relation to post-HT rejection risk.
Methods
There were 27 HT recipients who had EPC from peripheral blood quantified during 6 months follow-up after HT. Patients were monitored regularly, by right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy assessment, for cellular rejection (ACR) defined as grade ≥2 or an antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) characterized by histopathological changes recorded as AMR1H. The primary end-point was acute rejection, either AMR or ACR.
Results
ACR and AMR were observed in 7 (25.9%) and 6 (22.2%) subjects respectively. EPC levels, after logarithmic transformation, immediately post-HT were alike regardless of ACR status, however patients with lower EPC were at risk of AMR at 1 month (Table 1). On the other hand patients with a significant reduction of EPC at 1 month post-HT compared with HT were less likely to have either ACR or AMR (p=0.0003). During longer post-HT observation (12 months) patients had similar EPC levels regardless of the rejection events. Dynamic changes in EPC levels are presented in figure. Nonetheless, greater changes in EPC expressed by coefficient of variation were associated with the risk of either AMR or ACR compared to the participants without rejection (mean [lower–upper quartile]) 15 [13–18] vs 8 [5–13]; p=0.02) and (22 [14–26] vs 8 [5–13]; p=0.01) respectively.
EPC by rejection – 1st month following HT ACR (+) AMR (+) ACR (−) and AMR (−) p^ p p N=3 (mean± SD) N=4 (mean± SD) N=20 (mean± SD) ACR (+) vs ACR (−) and AMR (−) AMR (+) vs ACR (−) and AMR (−) EPC log HT 5.14±1.55 3.81±1.01 5.30±0.88 0.0325 0.97 0.025 EPC log M1 4.97±0.59 3.69±1.33 4.15±1.29 0.4160 0.55 0.78 Delta EPC log M1-HT -0.17±1.98* −0.12±1.30* −1.15±1.18# 0.2195 0.44 0.32 ACR – acute cellular rejection; AMR or – acute antibody-mediated rejection; EPC log – endothelial progenitor cells after logarithmic transformation; HT – within 24 hours post-transplantation; M1 – at 1-month post-transplantation; Delta EPC log M1-HT – difference in EPC log between M1 and HT. #p=0.0003 for the difference between M1 vs HT; *p=ns for the difference between M1 vs HT; ^pP – for the difference among the groups.
Changes in EPC level post-HT
Conclusions
Early reduction of EPC levels was predictive of a lower risk of ACR or AMR. Greater dynamic changes of EPC during 6 months of observation were associated with a higher risk of rejection suggesting an important role of EPC in the pathological processes post-HT. Thus our findings suggest significant role of EPC post-HT with respect to rejection status.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Intramural research grant from the Institute of Cardiology
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rywik
- National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - I Kowalik
- National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Firczuk
- Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - P Leszek
- National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Rozentryt
- Silesian Center for Heart Diseases (SCHD), Zabrze, Poland
| | - T Zielinski
- National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Fidyt K, Pastorczak A, Goral A, Szczygiel K, Fendler W, Muchowicz A, Bartlomiejczyk MA, Madzio J, Cyran J, Graczyk-Jarzynka A, Jansen E, Patkowska E, Lech-Maranda E, Pal D, Blair H, Burdzinska A, Pedzisz P, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Demkow U, Gawle-Krawczyk K, Matysiak M, Winiarska M, Juszczynski P, Mlynarski W, Heidenreich O, Golab J, Firczuk M. Targeting the thioredoxin system as a novel strategy against B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1180-1195. [PMID: 30861284 PMCID: PMC6487705 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL) is a genetically heterogeneous blood cancer characterized by abnormal expansion of immature B cells. Although intensive chemotherapy provides high cure rates in a majority of patients, subtypes harboring certain genetic lesions, such as MLL rearrangements or BCR‐ABL1 fusion, remain clinically challenging, necessitating a search for other therapeutic approaches. Herein, we aimed to validate antioxidant enzymes of the thioredoxin system as potential therapeutic targets in BCP‐ALL. We observed oxidative stress along with aberrant expression of the enzymes associated with the activity of thioredoxin antioxidant system in BCP‐ALL cells. Moreover, we found that auranofin and adenanthin, inhibitors of the thioredoxin system antioxidant enzymes, effectively kill BCP‐ALL cell lines and pediatric and adult BCP‐ALL primary cells, including primary cells cocultured with bone marrow‐derived stem cells. Furthermore, auranofin delayed the progression of leukemia in MLL‐rearranged patient‐derived xenograft model and prolonged the survival of leukemic NSG mice. Our results unveil the thioredoxin system as a novel target for BCP‐ALL therapy, and indicate that further studies assessing the anticancer efficacy of combinations of thioredoxin system inhibitors with conventional anti‐BCP‐ALL drugs should be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Pastorczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Goral
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Joanna Madzio
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Julia Cyran
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Eugene Jansen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ewa Lech-Maranda
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.,Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Deepali Pal
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen Blair
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna Burdzinska
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Pedzisz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michal Matysiak
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Wojciech Mlynarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.,Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Chlebowska-Tuz J, Sokolowska O, Gaj P, Lazniewski M, Firczuk M, Borowiec K, Sas-Nowosielska H, Bajor M, Malinowska A, Muchowicz A, Ramji K, Stawinski P, Sobczak M, Pilch Z, Rodziewicz-Lurzynska A, Zajac M, Giannopoulos K, Juszczynski P, Basak GW, Plewczynski D, Ploski R, Golab J, Nowis D. Inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase induces differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Haematologica 2018; 103:1843-1852. [PMID: 30002127 PMCID: PMC6278960 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.190231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A cute myeloid leukemia is a malignant disease of immature myeloid cells. Despite significant therapeutic effects of differentiation-inducing agents in some acute myeloid leukemia subtypes, the disease remains incurable in a large fraction of patients. Here we show that SK053, a thioredoxin inhibitor, induces differentiation and cell death of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Considering that thioredoxin knock-down with short hairpin RNA failed to exert antiproliferative effects in one of the acute myeloid leukemia cell lines, we used a biotin affinity probe-labeling approach to identify potential molecular targets for the effects of SK053. Mass spectrometry of proteins precipitated from acute myeloid leukemia cells incubated with biotinylated SK053 used as a bait revealed protein disulfide isomerase as a potential binding partner for the compound. Biochemical, enzymatic and functional assays using fluorescence lifetime imaging confirmed that SK053 binds to and inhibits the activity of protein disulfide isomerase. Protein disulfide isomerase knockdown with short hairpin RNA was associated with inhibition of cell growth, increased CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α levels, and induction of differentiation of HL-60 cells. Molecular dynamics simulation followed by the covalent docking indicated that SK053 binds to the fourth thioredoxin-like domain of protein disulfide isomerase. Differentiation of myeloid precursor cells requires the activity of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α, the function of which is impaired in acute myeloid leukemia cells through various mechanisms, including translational block by protein disulfide isomerase. SK053 increased the levels of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α and upregulated mRNA levels for differentiation-associated genes. Finally, SK053 decreased the survival of blasts and increased the percentage of cells expressing the maturation-associated CD11b marker in primary cells isolated from bone marrow or peripheral blood of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Collectively, these results provide a proof-of-concept that protein disulfide isomerase inhibition has potential as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and for the development of small-molecule inhibitors of protein disulfide isomerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Chlebowska-Tuz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw.,Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw
| | - Olga Sokolowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw
| | - Pawel Gaj
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw.,Laboratory of Human Cancer Genetics, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw
| | - Michal Lazniewski
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw
| | | | | | - Hanna Sas-Nowosielska
- Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw
| | | | - Agata Malinowska
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw
| | | | - Kavita Ramji
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw
| | - Piotr Stawinski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw
| | - Mateusz Sobczak
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw
| | - Zofia Pilch
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw
| | | | - Malgorzata Zajac
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin
| | | | - Przemyslaw Juszczynski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw
| | - Grzegorz W Basak
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw
| | - Dariusz Plewczynski
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw.,Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw
| | - Rafal Ploski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw .,Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw .,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw.,Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Domagala A, Stachura J, Gabrysiak M, Muchowicz A, Zagozdzon R, Golab J, Firczuk M. Inhibition of autophagy sensitizes cancer cells to Photofrin-based photodynamic therapy. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:210. [PMID: 29463237 PMCID: PMC5819678 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggest that autophagy plays a pivotal role in various anticancer therapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), acting as a pro-death or pro-survival mechanism in a context-dependent manner. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of autophagy in Photofrin-based PDT. Methods In vitro cytotoxic/cytostatic effects of PDT were evaluated with crystal violet cell viability assay. Autophagy induction was analyzed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence using anti-LC3 antibody. Autophagy was inhibited by shRNA-mediated ATG5 knockdown or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ATG5 knockout. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry analysis of propidium iodide and anexin V-positive cells as well as by detection of cleaved PARP and caspase 3 proteins using immunoblotting. Protein carbonylation was evaluated by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) method. Results Photofrin-PDT leads to robust autophagy induction in two cancer cell lines, Hela and MCF-7. shRNA-mediated knockdown of ATG5 only partially blocks autophagic response and only marginally affects the sensitivity of Hela and MCF-7 cells to PDT. ATG5 knockout in HeLa cell line utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing results in increased PDT-mediated cytotoxicity, which is accompanied by an enhanced apoptotic response and increased accumulation of carbonylated proteins. Conclusions Altogether, these observations imply that autophagy contributes to Photofrin-PDT resistance by enabling clearance of carbonylated and other damaged proteins. Therefore, autophagy inhibition may serve as a strategy to improve PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Domagala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F building, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Stachura
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F building, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gabrysiak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F building, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Immunity&Cancer Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F building, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Zagozdzon
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F building, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F building, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., F building, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Winiarska M, Nowis D, Firczuk M, Zagozdzon A, Gabrysiak M, Sadowski R, Barankiewicz J, Dwojak M, Golab J. Selection of an optimal promoter for gene transfer in normal B cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3041-3048. [PMID: 28713922 PMCID: PMC5548056 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer into normal quiescent human B cells is a challenging procedure. The present study aimed to investigate whether it is possible to increase the levels of transgene expression by using various types of promoters to drive the expression of selected genes‑of‑interest. To produce lentiviral particles, the present study used the 2nd generation psPAX2 packaging vector and the vesicular stomatitis virus ‑expressing envelope vector pMD2.G. Subsequently, lentiviral vectors were generated containing various promoters, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), elongation factor‑1 alpha (EF1α) and spleen focus‑forming virus (SFFV). The present study was unable to induce satisfactory transduction efficiency in quiescent normal B cells; however, infection of normal B cells with Epstein‑Barr virus resulted in increased susceptibility to lentiviral transduction. In addition, the SFFV promoter resulted in a higher level of transgene expression compared with CMV or EF1α promoters. As a proof‑of concept that this approach allows for stable gene expression in normal B cells, the present study used bicistronic lentiviral vectors with genes encoding fluorescent reporter proteins, as well as X‑box binding protein‑1 and binding immunoglobulin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zagozdzon
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gabrysiak
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Sadowski
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Barankiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dwojak
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02‑097 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Lechowicz U, Gambin T, Pollak A, Podgorska A, Stawinski P, Franke A, Petersen BS, Firczuk M, Oldak M, Skarzynski H, Ploski R. Iterative Sequencing and Variant Screening (ISVS) as a novel pathogenic mutations search strategy - application for TMPRSS3 mutations screen. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2543. [PMID: 28566687 PMCID: PMC5451398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive diseases (ARD) are typically caused by a limited number of mutations whose identification is challenged by their low prevalence. Our purpose was to develop a novel approach allowing an efficient search for mutations causing ARD and evaluation of their pathogenicity without a control group. We developed Iterative Sequencing and Variant Screening (ISVS) approach based on iterative cycles of gene sequencing and mutation screening, and ISVS Simulator software ( http://zsibio.ii.pw.edu.pl/shiny/isvs/ ) for assessment of detected variants' significance. As shown by simulations, ISVS efficiently identifies and correctly classifies pathogenic mutations except for cases where the gene of interest has extremely high number of low frequency nonpathogenic variants. By applying ISVS, we found 4 known and 9 novel (p.C73Y, p.S124L, p.C194Mfs*17, c.782 + 2 T > A, c.953-5 A > G, p.L325Q, p.D334Mfs*24, p.R436G, p.M448T) TMPRSS3 variants among deaf patients. For 3 known and 5 novel variants the disease association was supported by ISVS Simulator odds >90:1. Pathogenicity of 6 novel mutations has been supported by in-silico predictions of variants' deleteriousness. By directly comparing variant prevalence in patients and controls, disease association was demonstrated only for two variants and it was relatively weak (P < 0.05). Summarizing, ISVS strategy and ISVS Simulator are useful for detection of genetic variants causing AR diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Lechowicz
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child at Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pollak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Podgorska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Stawinski
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Oldak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk Skarzynski
- Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Surgery Clinic, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Ploski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center of Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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18
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Trzeciecka A, Klossowski S, Bajor M, Zagozdzon R, Gaj P, Muchowicz A, Malinowska A, Czerwoniec A, Barankiewicz J, Domagala A, Chlebowska J, Prochorec-Sobieszek M, Winiarska M, Ostaszewski R, Gwizdalska I, Golab J, Nowis D, Firczuk M. Dimeric peroxiredoxins are druggable targets in human Burkitt lymphoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1717-31. [PMID: 26636537 PMCID: PMC4811492 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma is a fast-growing tumor derived from germinal center B cells. It is mainly treated with aggressive chemotherapy, therefore novel therapeutic approaches are needed due to treatment toxicity and developing resistance. Disturbance of red-ox homeostasis has recently emerged as an efficient antitumor strategy. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are thioredoxin-family antioxidant enzymes that scavenge cellular peroxides and contribute to red-ox homeostasis. PRDXs are robustly expressed in various malignancies and critically involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. To elucidate potential role of PRDXs in lymphoma, we studied their expression level in B cell-derived primary lymphoma cells as well as in cell lines. We found that PRDX1 and PRDX2 are upregulated in tumor B cells as compared with normal counterparts. Concomitant knockdown of PRDX1 and PRDX2 significantly attenuated the growth rate of lymphoma cells. Furthermore, in human Burkitt lymphoma cell lines, we isolated dimeric 2-cysteine peroxiredoxins as targets for SK053, a novel thiol-specific small-molecule peptidomimetic with antitumor activity. We observed that treatment of lymphoma cells with SK053 triggers formation of covalent PRDX dimers, accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Based on site-directed mutagenesis and modeling studies, we propose a mechanism of SK053-mediated PRDX crosslinking, involving double thioalkylation of active site cysteine residues. Altogether, our results suggest that peroxiredoxins are novel therapeutic targets in Burkitt lymphoma and provide the basis for new approaches to the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trzeciecka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Klossowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Bajor
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Zagozdzon
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Gaj
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Agata Malinowska
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Czerwoniec
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Barankiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Domagala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Chlebowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Prochorec-Sobieszek
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Gabrysiak M, Wachowska M, Barankiewicz J, Pilch Z, Ratajska A, Skrzypek E, Winiarska M, Domagala A, Rygiel TP, Jozkowicz A, Boon L, Golab J, Firczuk M. Low dose of GRP78-targeting subtilase cytotoxin improves the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in vivo. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3151-8. [PMID: 27035643 PMCID: PMC4872279 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exerts direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, destroys tumor blood and lymphatic vessels and induces local inflammation. Although PDT triggers the release of immunogenic antigens from tumor cells, the degree of immune stimulation is regimen-dependent. The highest immunogenicity is achieved at sub-lethal doses, which at the same time trigger cytoprotective responses, that include increased expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). To mitigate the cytoprotective effects of GRP78 and preserve the immunoregulatory activity of PDT, we investigated the in vivo efficacy of PDT in combination with EGF-SubA cytotoxin that was shown to potentiate in vitro PDT cytotoxicity by inactivating GRP78. Treatment of immunocompetent BALB/c mice with EGF-SubA improved the efficacy of PDT but only when mice were treated with a dose of EGF-SubA that exerted less pronounced effects on the number of T and B lymphocytes as well as dendritic cells in mouse spleens. The observed antitumor effects were critically dependent on CD8+ T cells and were completely abrogated in immunodeficient SCID mice. All these results suggest that GRP78 targeting improves in vivo PDT efficacy provided intact T-cell immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gabrysiak
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wachowska
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Barankiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Pilch
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ratajska
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Skrzypek
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Domagala
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Rygiel
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kracow, Poland
| | - Louis Boon
- EPIRUS Biopharmaceuticals Netherlands BV, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Nowis D, Chlebowska J, Gaj P, Lazniewski M, Firczuk M, Furs K, Sadowski R, Leszczynski P, Stawinski P, Klossowski S, Ostaszewski R, Giannopoulos K, Ploski R, Plewczynski D, Golab J. Abstract 5347: SK053, a small molecule inhibitor of enzymes involved in allosteric disulfide bonds formation, shows potent anti-leukemic effects and induces differentiation of human AML cells. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although differentiation-inducing agents have significantly improved the management of acute promyelocytic leukemia, no significant progress has been made in the treatment of other acute myeloid leukemias (AML). Numerous proteins involved in tumor development have so-called allosteric disulfide bonds amenable to modifications affecting protein structure and function. We have developed SK053, a small molecule and mechanism-selective inhibitor of enzymes involved in allosteric disulfide bonds formation such as thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). The aim of our studies was to evaluate anti-leukemic activity of SK053 in human AML cells.
To validate if SK053 targets PDI, a binding assay and an insulin turbidimetric activity assay were used. Cytostatic/cytotoxic effects in HL60, NB4, KG-1 and MOLM14 cells as well as in primary AML cells were assessed with trypan blue exclusion. Differentiation of AML cells was studied with May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining, nitro blue tetrazolium reduction assay and flow cytometry analysis of CD11b, CD14 and CD15 levels and by RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR and western blotting (WB).
We observed covalent binding of SK053 to PDI and inhibition of its enzymatic activity with IC50 of 10 μM. Since PDI blocks translation of CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA), a transcription factor crucial for neutrophils maturation, we evaluated the potential of SK053 to induce differentiation and cytostatic/cytotoxic effects in human AML cells. SK053 exerts significant cytostatic/cytotoxic activity in human AML cells (HL60, NB4, KG-1 and MOLM14), and induces differentiation of AML blasts into more mature myeloid cells. Incubation of AML cells with SK053 induced expression of CEBPA and hexokinase 3 mRNA in quantitative RT-PCR and increased amount of CEBPA protein in nuclear fraction measured in WB. Finally, SK053 induces differentiation of primary leukemic cells freshly isolated from AML patients. RNA-seq analysis revealed that incubation of HL60 cells with SK053 down-regulates mRNA for MYC and ID1 oncogenes as well as for histone proteins. Expression of other genes of mature myeloid lineage such as adhesion molecules (collagen type XV, fibronectin I, MAC-1), hydrolytic enzymes (carboxypeptidase, proteinase 3, CA12 anhydrase, ADAM19 metalloprotease), proteoglycan 2 (core of eosinophilic granules) and PGLYRP3 (peptidoglycan recognition protein 3) was significantly up-regulated. The GeneOntology analysis done with the RNAseq results revealed enrichment of gene transcripts regulating myeloid cells differentiation.
SK053 exerts potent anti-leukemic activity and induces differentiation of numerous types of human AML cells. Targeting allosteric disulfide bonds with small molecule inhibitors presents a promising therapeutic strategy in AML.
Citation Format: Dominika Nowis, Justyna Chlebowska, Pawel Gaj, Michal Lazniewski, Malgorzata Firczuk, Karolina Furs, Radoslaw Sadowski, Pawel Leszczynski, Piotr Stawinski, Szymon Klossowski, Ryszard Ostaszewski, Krzysztof Giannopoulos, Rafal Ploski, Dariusz Plewczynski, Jakub Golab. SK053, a small molecule inhibitor of enzymes involved in allosteric disulfide bonds formation, shows potent anti-leukemic effects and induces differentiation of human AML cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5347. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5347
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Nowis
- 1Medical University of Warsaw, Center for New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Pawel Gaj
- 2Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jakub Golab
- 2Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Siernicka M, Winiarska M, Bajor M, Firczuk M, Muchowicz A, Bobrowicz M, Fauriat C, Golab J, Olive D, Zagozdzon R. Adenanthin, a new inhibitor of thiol-dependent antioxidant enzymes, impairs the effector functions of human natural killer cells. Immunology 2015; 146:173-83. [PMID: 26094816 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are considered critical components of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Deficiencies in NK cell activity are common, such as those that occur in cancer patients, and they can be responsible for dysfunctional immune surveillance. Persistent oxidative stress is intrinsic to many malignant tumours, and numerous studies have focused on the effects of reactive oxygen species on the anti-tumour activity of NK cells. Indeed, investigations in animal models have suggested that one of the most important thiol-dependent antioxidant enzymes, peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), is essential for NK cell function. In this work, our analysis of the transcriptomic expression pattern of antioxidant enzymes in human NK cells has identified PRDX1 as the most prominently induced transcript out of the 18 transcripts evaluated in activated NK cells. The change in PRDX1 expression was followed by increased expression of two other enzymes from the PRDX-related antioxidant chain: thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. To study the role of thiol-dependent antioxidants in more detail, we applied a novel compound, adenanthin, to induce an abrupt dysfunction of the PRDX-related antioxidant chain in NK cells. In human primary NK cells, we observed profound alterations in spontaneous and antibody-dependent NK cell cytotoxicity against cancer cells, impaired degranulation, and a decreased expression of activation markers under these conditions. Collectively, our study pinpoints the unique role for the antioxidant activity of the PRDX-related enzymatic chain in human NK cell functions. Further understanding this phenomenon will prospectively lead to fine-tuning of the novel NK-targeted therapeutic approaches to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Siernicka
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Bajor
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Bobrowicz
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cyril Fauriat
- IBiSA Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Olive
- IBiSA Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Radoslaw Zagozdzon
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Nowis D, Malenda A, Furs K, Oleszczak B, Sadowski R, Chlebowska J, Firczuk M, Bujnicki JM, Staruch AD, Zagozdzon R, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Szablewski L, Golab J. Statins impair glucose uptake in human cells. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2014; 2:e000017. [PMID: 25452863 PMCID: PMC4212557 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2014-000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Considering the increasing number of clinical observations indicating hyperglycemic effects of statins, this study was designed to measure the influence of statins on the uptake of glucose analogs by human cells derived from liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. DESIGN Flow cytometry and scintillation counting were used to measure the uptake of fluorescently labeled or tritiated glucose analogs by differentiated visceral preadipocytes, skeletal muscle cells, skeletal muscle myoblasts, and contact-inhibited human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. A bioinformatics approach was used to predict the structure of human glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and to identify the presence of putative cholesterol-binding (cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus (CRAC)) motifs within this transporter. Mutagenesis of CRAC motifs in SLC2A1 gene and limited proteolysis of membrane GLUT1 were used to determine the molecular effects of statins. RESULTS Statins significantly inhibit the uptake of glucose analogs in all cell types. Similar effects are induced by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, which removes membrane cholesterol. Statin effects can be rescued by addition of mevalonic acid, or supplementation with exogenous cholesterol. Limited proteolysis of GLUT1 and mutagenesis of CRAC motifs revealed that statins induce conformational changes in GLUTs. CONCLUSIONS Statins impair glucose uptake by cells involved in regulation of glucose homeostasis by inducing cholesterol-dependent conformational changes in GLUTs. This molecular mechanism might explain hyperglycemic effects of statins observed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Nowis
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Genomic Medicine, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Malenda
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Furs
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozenna Oleszczak
- Chair of General Biology and Parasitology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Sadowski
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Chlebowska
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz M Bujnicki
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Protein Engineering, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam D Staruch
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Zagozdzon
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Szablewski
- Chair of General Biology and Parasitology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Winiarska M, Nowis D, Bil J, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Muchowicz A, Wanczyk M, Bojarczuk K, Dwojak M, Firczuk M, Wilczek E, Wachowska M, Roszczenko K, Miaczynska M, Chlebowska J, Basak GW, Golab J. Prenyltransferases regulate CD20 protein levels and influence anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody-mediated activation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31983-93. [PMID: 22843692 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.374751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are successfully used in the management of non-Hodgkin lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We have reported previously that statins induce conformational changes in CD20 molecules and impair rituximab-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Here we investigated in more detail the influence of farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) on CD20 expression and antitumor activity of anti-CD20 mAbs. Among all FTIs studied, L-744,832 had the most significant influence on CD20 levels. It significantly increased rituximab-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity against primary tumor cells isolated from patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas or chronic lymphocytic leukemia and increased CD20 expression in the majority of primary lymphoma/leukemia cells. Incubation of Raji cells with L-744,832 led to up-regulation of CD20 at mRNA and protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that inhibition of farnesyltransferase activity was associated with increased binding of PU.1 and Oct-2 to the CD20 promoter sequences. These studies indicate that CD20 expression can be modulated by FTIs. The combination of FTIs with anti-CD20 mAbs is a promising therapeutic approach, and its efficacy should be examined in patients with B-cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Garg AD, Krysko DV, Verfaillie T, Kaczmarek A, Ferreira GB, Marysael T, Rubio N, Firczuk M, Mathieu C, Roebroek AJM, Annaert W, Golab J, de Witte P, Vandenabeele P, Agostinis P. A novel pathway combining calreticulin exposure and ATP secretion in immunogenic cancer cell death. EMBO J 2012; 31:1062-79. [PMID: 22252128 PMCID: PMC3298003 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 574] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-exposed calreticulin (ecto-CRT) and secreted ATP are crucial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) for immunogenic apoptosis. Inducers of immunogenic apoptosis rely on an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-based (reactive oxygen species (ROS)-regulated) pathway for ecto-CRT induction, but the ATP secretion pathway is unknown. We found that after photodynamic therapy (PDT), which generates ROS-mediated ER stress, dying cancer cells undergo immunogenic apoptosis characterized by phenotypic maturation (CD80(high), CD83(high), CD86(high), MHC-II(high)) and functional stimulation (NO(high), IL-10(absent), IL-1β(high)) of dendritic cells as well as induction of a protective antitumour immune response. Intriguingly, early after PDT the cancer cells displayed ecto-CRT and secreted ATP before exhibiting biochemical signatures of apoptosis, through overlapping PERK-orchestrated pathways that require a functional secretory pathway and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated plasma membrane/extracellular trafficking. Interestingly, eIF2α phosphorylation and caspase-8 signalling are dispensable for this ecto-CRT exposure. We also identified LRP1/CD91 as the surface docking site for ecto-CRT and found that depletion of PERK, PI3K p110α and LRP1 but not caspase-8 reduced the immunogenicity of the cancer cells. These results unravel a novel PERK-dependent subroutine for the early and simultaneous emission of two critical DAMPs following ROS-mediated ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Verfaillie
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnieszka Kaczmarek
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gabriela B Ferreira
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (LEGENDO), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Marysael
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noemi Rubio
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department 3, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (LEGENDO), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anton J M Roebroek
- Experimental Mouse Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and VIB-Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department 3, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Bochtler M, Sokolowska M, Czapinska H, Wojciechowski M, Firczuk M, Szczepanowski R. Structural variability of type II restriction endonucleases. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311080147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Firczuk M, Wachowska M, Gabrysiak M, Golab J. Grp78-targeting cytotoxin potentiates Photofrin-PDT in prostate cancer cell lines. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.03.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
The PD-(D/E)XK type II restriction endonuclease ThaI cuts the target sequence CG/CG with blunt ends. Here, we report the 1.3 Å resolution structure of the enzyme in complex with substrate DNA and a sodium or calcium ion taking the place of a catalytic magnesium ion. The structure identifies Glu54, Asp82 and Lys93 as the active site residues. This agrees with earlier bioinformatic predictions and implies that the PD and (D/E)XK motifs in the sequence are incidental. DNA recognition is very unusual: the two Met47 residues of the ThaI dimer intercalate symmetrically into the CG steps of the target sequence. They approach the DNA from the minor groove side and penetrate the base stack entirely. The DNA accommodates the intercalating residues without nucleotide flipping by a doubling of the CG step rise to twice its usual value, which is accompanied by drastic unwinding. Displacement of the Met47 side chains from the base pair midlines toward the downstream CG steps leads to large and compensating tilts of the first and second CG steps. DNA intercalation by ThaI is unlike intercalation by HincII, HinP1I or proteins that bend or repair DNA.
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