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Botté CY, Maréchal E. Plastids with or without galactoglycerolipids. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:71-78. [PMID: 24231068 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In structural, functional, and evolutionary terms, galactoglycerolipids are signature lipids of chloroplasts. Their presence in nongreen plastids has been demonstrated in angiosperms and diatoms. Thus, galactoglycerolipids are considered as a landmark of green and nongreen plastids, deriving from either a primary or secondary endosymbiosis. The discovery of a plastid in Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria, fueled the search for galactoglycerolipids as possible targets for treatments. However, recent data have provided evidence that the Plasmodium plastid does not contain any galactoglycerolipids. In this opinion article, we discuss questions raised by the loss of galactoglycerolipids during evolution: how have galactoglycerolipids been lost? How does the Plasmodium plastid maintain four membranes without these lipids? What are the main constituents instead of galactoglycerolipids?
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Y Botté
- ApicoLipid Group, Laboratoire Adapation et Pathogenie des Microorganismes; CNRS, Université de Grenoble-Alpes, UMR 5163, Institut Jean Roget, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale; CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université de Grenoble-Alpes, UMR 5168, Institut de Recherches en Sciences et Technologies pour le Vivant, CEA Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
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Hidaka A, Kitayama K. Relationship between photosynthetic phosphorus-use efficiency and foliar phosphorus fractions in tropical tree species. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:4872-80. [PMID: 24455122 PMCID: PMC3892354 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
How plants develop adaptive strategies to efficiently use nutrients on infertile soils is an important topic in plant ecology. It has been suggested that, with decreasing phosphorus (P) availability, plants increase photosynthetic P-use efficiency (PPUE) (i.e., the ratio of instantaneous photosynthetic carbon assimilation rate per unit foliar P). However, the mechanism to increase PPUE remains unclear. In this study, we tested whether high PPUE is explained by an optimized allocation of P in cells among P-containing biochemical compounds (i.e., foliar P fractions). We investigated the relationships among mass-based photosynthetic carbon assimilation rate (A mass), PPUE, total foliar P concentration, and foliar P fractions in 10 tree species in two tropical montane rain forests with differing soil P availability (five species on sedimentary soils and five species on P-poorer ultrabasic serpentine soils) on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. We chemically fractionated foliar P into the following four fractions: metabolic P, lipid P, nucleic acid P, and residual P. A mass was positively correlated with the concentrations of total foliar P and of metabolic P across 10 tree species. Mean A mass and mean concentrations of total foliar P and of each foliar P fraction were lower on the P-poorer ultrabasic serpentine soils than on the sedimentary soils. There was a negative relationship between the proportion of metabolic P per total P and the proportion of lipid P per total P. PPUE was positively correlated with the ratio of metabolic P to lipid P. High PPUE is explained by the net effect of a relatively greater investment of P into P-containing metabolites and a relatively lesser investment into phospholipids in addition to generally reduced concentrations of all P fractions. We conclude that plants optimize the allocation of P among foliar P fractions for maintaining their productivity and growth and for reducing demand for P as their adaptation to P-poor soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amane Hidaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kanehiro Kitayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Wang X, Pearse SJ, Lambers H. Cluster-root formation and carboxylate release in three Lupinus species as dependent on phosphorus supply, internal phosphorus concentration and relative growth rate. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:1449-59. [PMID: 24061491 PMCID: PMC3806539 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Some Lupinus species produce cluster roots in response to low plant phosphorus (P) status. The cause of variation in cluster-root formation among cluster-root-forming Lupinus species is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate if cluster-root formation is, in part, dependent on different relative growth rates (RGRs) among Lupinus species when they show similar shoot P status. METHODS Three cluster-root-forming Lupinus species, L. albus, L. pilosus and L. atlanticus, were grown in washed river sand at 0, 7·5, 15 or 40 mg P kg(-1) dry sand. Plants were harvested at 34, 42 or 62 d after sowing, and fresh and dry weight of leaves, stems, cluster roots and non-cluster roots of different ages were measured. The percentage of cluster roots, tissue P concentrations, root exudates and plant RGR were determined. KEY RESULTS Phosphorus treatments had major effects on cluster-root allocation, with a significant but incomplete suppression in L. albus and L. pilosus when P supply exceeded 15 mg P kg(-1) sand. Complete suppression was found in L. atlanticus at the highest P supply; this species never invested more than 20 % of its root weight in cluster roots. For L. pilosus and L. atlanticus, cluster-root formation was decreased at high internal P concentration, irrespective of RGR. For L. albus, there was a trend in the same direction, but this was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Cluster-root formation in all three Lupinus species was suppressed at high leaf P concentration, irrespective of RGR. Variation in cluster-root formation among the three species cannot be explained by species-specific variation in RGR or leaf P concentration.
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Boudière L, Michaud M, Petroutsos D, Rébeillé F, Falconet D, Bastien O, Roy S, Finazzi G, Rolland N, Jouhet J, Block MA, Maréchal E. Glycerolipids in photosynthesis: composition, synthesis and trafficking. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:470-80. [PMID: 24051056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycerolipids constituting the matrix of photosynthetic membranes, from cyanobacteria to chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells, comprise monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. This review covers our current knowledge on the structural and functional features of these lipids in various cellular models, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Their relative proportions in thylakoid membranes result from highly regulated and compartmentalized metabolic pathways, with a cooperation, in the case of eukaryotes, of non-plastidic compartments. This review also focuses on the role of each of these thylakoid glycerolipids in stabilizing protein complexes of the photosynthetic machinery, which might be one of the reasons for their fascinating conservation in the course of evolution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Dynamic and ultrastructure of bioenergetic membranes and their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Boudière
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Morgane Michaud
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Dimitris Petroutsos
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Fabrice Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Denis Falconet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Olivier Bastien
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sylvaine Roy
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Norbert Rolland
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Maryse A Block
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Végétale, CNRS UMR 5168, CEA iRTSV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRA USC 1359, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Shimojima M, Watanabe T, Madoka Y, Koizumi R, Yamamoto MP, Masuda K, Yamada K, Masuda S, Ohta H. Differential regulation of two types of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase in membrane lipid remodeling under phosphate-limited conditions in sesame plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:469. [PMID: 24312111 PMCID: PMC3832787 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) limitation causes drastic lipid remodeling in plant membranes. Glycolipids substitute for the phospholipids that are degraded, thereby supplying Pi needed for essential biological processes. Two major types of remodeling of membrane lipids occur in higher plants: whereas one involves an increase in the concentration of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol in plastids to compensate for a decreased concentration of phosphatidylglycerol, the other involves digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) synthesis in plastids and the export of DGDG to extraplastidial membranes to compensate for reduced abundances of phospholipids. Lipid remodeling depends on an adequate supply of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), which is a substrate that supports the elevated rate of DGDG synthesis that is induced by low Pi availability. Regulation of MGDG synthesis has been analyzed most extensively using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, although orthologous genes that encode putative MGDG synthases exist in photosynthetic organisms from bacteria to higher plants. We recently hypothesized that two types of MGDG synthase diverged after the appearance of seed plants. This divergence might have both enabled plants to adapt to a wide range of Pi availability in soils and contributed to the diversity of seed plants. In the work presented here, we found that membrane lipid remodeling also takes place in sesame, which is one of the most common traditional crops grown in Asia. We identified two types of MGDG synthase from sesame (encoded by SeMGD1 and SeMGD2) and analyzed their enzymatic properties. Our results show that both genes correspond to the Arabidopsis type-A and -B isoforms of MGDG synthase. Notably, whereas Pi limitation up-regulates only the gene encoding the type-B isoform of Arabidopsis, low Pi availability up-regulates the expression of both SeMGD1 and SeMGD2. We discuss the significance of the different responses to low Pi availability in sesame and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Shimojima
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Takahide Watanabe
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Madoka
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | - Ryota Koizumi
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
| | | | - Kyojiro Masuda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Kyoji Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencyTokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroyuki Ohta, Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4249-B65 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan e-mail:
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Rolland N, Curien G, Finazzi G, Kuntz M, Maréchal E, Matringe M, Ravanel S, Seigneurin-Berny D. The Biosynthetic Capacities of the Plastids and Integration Between Cytoplasmic and Chloroplast Processes. Annu Rev Genet 2012; 46:233-64. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Rolland
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Gilles Curien
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Marcel Kuntz
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Michel Matringe
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Stéphane Ravanel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Daphné Seigneurin-Berny
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
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Lambers H, Cawthray GR, Giavalisco P, Kuo J, Laliberté E, Pearse SJ, Scheible WR, Stitt M, Teste F, Turner BL. Proteaceae from severely phosphorus-impoverished soils extensively replace phospholipids with galactolipids and sulfolipids during leaf development to achieve a high photosynthetic phosphorus-use-efficiency. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:1098-1108. [PMID: 22937909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Proteaceae species in south-western Australia occur on severely phosphorus (P)-impoverished soils. They have very low leaf P concentrations, but relatively fast rates of photosynthesis, thus exhibiting extremely high photosynthetic phosphorus-use-efficiency (PPUE). Although the mechanisms underpinning their high PPUE remain unknown, one possibility is that these species may be able to replace phospholipids with nonphospholipids during leaf development, without compromising photosynthesis. For six Proteaceae species, we measured soil and leaf P concentrations and rates of photosynthesis of both young expanding and mature leaves. We also assessed the investment in galactolipids, sulfolipids and phospholipids in young and mature leaves, and compared these results with those on Arabidopsis thaliana, grown under both P-sufficient and P-deficient conditions. In all Proteaceae species, phospholipid levels strongly decreased during leaf development, whereas those of galactolipids and sulfolipids strongly increased. Photosynthetic rates increased from young to mature leaves. This shows that these species extensively replace phospholipids with nonphospholipids during leaf development, without compromising photosynthesis. A considerably less pronounced shift was observed in A. thaliana. Our results clearly show that a low investment in phospholipids, relative to nonphospholipids, offers a partial explanation for a high photosynthetic rate per unit leaf P in Proteaceae adapted to P-impoverished soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Gregory R Cawthray
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John Kuo
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Etienne Laliberté
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Stuart J Pearse
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - François Teste
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
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Nakamura Y. Phosphate starvation and membrane lipid remodeling in seed plants. Prog Lipid Res 2012; 52:43-50. [PMID: 22954597 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate is an essential, yet scarce, nutrient that seed plants need to maintain viability. Phosphate-starved plants utilize their membrane phospholipids as a major source for internal phosphate supply by replacing phospholipids in their membranes with the non-phosphorus galactolipid, digalactosyldiacylglycerol. This membrane lipid remodeling has drawn much attention as a model of metabolic switching from phospholipids to the galactolipid. In the past decade, a considerable effort has been devoted to unraveling the molecular biology of this phenomenon. This review thus aims to summarize recent achievements with a focus on metabolic pathways during lipid remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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59
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Acevedo-Hernández G, Oropeza-Aburto A, Herrera-Estrella L. A specific variant of the PHR1 binding site is highly enriched in the Arabidopsis phosphate-responsive phospholipase DZ2 coexpression network. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:914-7. [PMID: 22836502 PMCID: PMC3474684 DOI: 10.4161/psb.20749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PLDZ2 is a member of the Arabidopsis phospholipase D gene family that is induced in both shoot and root in response to phosphate (Pi) starvation. Recently, through deletion and gain-of-function analyses of the PLDZ2 promoter, we identified a 65 bp region (denominated enhancer EZ2) capable of conferring tissue-specific and low-Pi responses to a minimal inactive promoter. The EZ2 element contains two P1BS motifs, each of which is the binding site for PHR1 and related transcription factors. This structural organization is evolutionarily conserved in orthologous promoters within the rosid clade. To determine whether EZ2 is significantly over-represented in Arabidopsis genes coexpressed with PLDZ2, we constructed a PLDZ2 coexpression network containing 26 genes, almost half of them encoding enzymes or regulatory proteins involved in Pi recycling. A variant of the P1BS motif was found to be highly enriched in the promoter regions of these coexpressed genes, showing an EZ2-like arrangement in seven of them. No other motifs were significantly enriched. The over-representation of the EZ2 arrangement of P1BS motifs in the promoters of genes coexpressed with PLDZ2, suggests this unit has a particularly important role as a regulatory element in a coexpression network involved in the release of Pi from phospholipids and other molecules under Pi-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Acevedo-Hernández
- Centro Universitario de la Ciénega; Universidad de Guadalajara (CUCI-UdeG); Ocotlan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Araceli Oropeza-Aburto
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN; Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN; Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Correspondence to: Luis Herrera-Estrella,
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Samuels L, McFarlane HE. Plant cell wall secretion and lipid traffic at membrane contact sites of the cell cortex. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249 Suppl 1:S19-23. [PMID: 22160188 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell wall secretion is the result of dynamic vesicle fusion events at the plasma membrane. The importance of the lipid bilayer environment of the plasma membrane and its interactions with the endomembrane system through vesicle traffic are well recognized. Recent advances in yeast molecular biology and biochemistry lead us to re-examine the hypothesis that non-vesicular traffic of lipids through close contact sites of the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum could also be important in plant cell wall biosynthesis. Non-vesicular traffic is the extraction and transfer of individual lipid molecules from a donor bilayer to a target bilayer, usually with the assistance of lipid transfer proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey Samuels
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Boudière L, Botté CY, Saidani N, Lajoie M, Marion J, Bréhélin L, Yamaryo-Botté Y, Satiat-Jeunemaître B, Breton C, Girard-Egrot A, Bastien O, Jouhet J, Falconet D, Block MA, Maréchal E. Galvestine-1, a novel chemical probe for the study of the glycerolipid homeostasis system in plant cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:2023-35, 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25067e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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63
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Botté CY, Deligny M, Roccia A, Bonneau AL, Saïdani N, Hardré H, Aci S, Yamaryo-Botté Y, Jouhet J, Dubots E, Loizeau K, Bastien O, Bréhélin L, Joyard J, Cintrat JC, Falconet D, Block MA, Rousseau B, Lopez R, Maréchal E. Chemical inhibitors of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthases in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Chem Biol 2011; 7:834-42. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hammond JP, Broadley MR, Bowen HC, Spracklen WP, Hayden RM, White PJ. Gene expression changes in phosphorus deficient potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) leaves and the potential for diagnostic gene expression markers. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24606. [PMID: 21935429 PMCID: PMC3173461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are compelling economic and environmental reasons to reduce our reliance on inorganic phosphate (Pi) fertilisers. Better management of Pi fertiliser applications is one option to improve the efficiency of Pi fertiliser use, whilst maintaining crop yields. Application rates of Pi fertilisers are traditionally determined from analyses of soil or plant tissues. Alternatively, diagnostic genes with altered expression under Pi limiting conditions that suggest a physiological requirement for Pi fertilisation, could be used to manage Pifertiliser applications, and might be more precise than indirect measurements of soil or tissue samples. RESULTS We grew potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants hydroponically, under glasshouse conditions, to control their nutrient status accurately. Samples of total leaf RNA taken periodically after Pi was removed from the nutrient solution were labelled and hybridised to potato oligonucleotide arrays. A total of 1,659 genes were significantly differentially expressed following Pi withdrawal. These included genes that encode proteins involved in lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism, characteristic of Pi deficient leaves and included potential novel roles for genes encoding patatin like proteins in potatoes. The array data were analysed using a support vector machine algorithm to identify groups of genes that could predict the Pi status of the crop. These groups of diagnostic genes were tested using field grown potatoes that had either been fertilised or unfertilised. A group of 200 genes could correctly predict the Pi status of field grown potatoes. CONCLUSIONS This paper provides a proof-of-concept demonstration for using microarrays and class prediction tools to predict the Pi status of a field grown potato crop. There is potential to develop this technology for other biotic and abiotic stresses in field grown crops. Ultimately, a better understanding of crop stresses may improve our management of the crop, improving the sustainability of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Hammond
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
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Calderón-Vázquez C, Sawers RJ, Herrera-Estrella L. Phosphate deprivation in maize: genetics and genomics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1067-77. [PMID: 21617030 PMCID: PMC3135936 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.174987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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66
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Hammond JP, Mayes S, Bowen HC, Graham NS, Hayden RM, Love CG, Spracklen WP, Wang J, Welham SJ, White PJ, King GJ, Broadley MR. Regulatory hotspots are associated with plant gene expression under varying soil phosphorus supply in Brassica rapa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1230-41. [PMID: 21527424 PMCID: PMC3135916 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.175612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is a quantitative trait that can be mapped genetically in structured populations to identify expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). Genes and regulatory networks underlying complex traits can subsequently be inferred. Using a recently released genome sequence, we have defined cis- and trans-eQTL and their environmental response to low phosphorus (P) availability within a complex plant genome and found hotspots of trans-eQTL within the genome. Interval mapping, using P supply as a covariate, revealed 18,876 eQTL. trans-eQTL hotspots occurred on chromosomes A06 and A01 within Brassica rapa; these were enriched with P metabolism-related Gene Ontology terms (A06) as well as chloroplast- and photosynthesis-related terms (A01). We have also attributed heritability components to measures of gene expression across environments, allowing the identification of novel gene expression markers and gene expression changes associated with low P availability. Informative gene expression markers were used to map eQTL and P use efficiency-related QTL. Genes responsive to P supply had large environmental and heritable variance components. Regulatory loci and genes associated with P use efficiency identified through eQTL analysis are potential targets for further characterization and may have potential for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Hammond
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
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67
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Kocourková D, Krčková Z, Pejchar P, Veselková Š, Valentová O, Wimalasekera R, Scherer GFE, Martinec J. The phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase C NPC4 plays a role in response of Arabidopsis roots to salt stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:3753-63. [PMID: 21525137 PMCID: PMC3134337 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase C, also known as non-specific phospholipase C (NPC), is a new member of the plant phospholipase family that reacts to environmental stresses such as phosphate deficiency and aluminium toxicity, and has a role in root development and brassinolide signalling. Expression of NPC4, one of the six NPC genes in Arabidopsis, was highly induced by NaCl. Maximum expression was observed from 3 h to 6 h after the salt treatment and was dependent on salt concentration. Results of histochemical analysis of P(NPC4):GUS plants showed the localization of salt-induced expression in root tips. On the biochemical level, increased NPC enzyme activity, indicated by accumulation of diacylglycerol, was observed as early as after 30 min of salt treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings. Phenotype analysis of NPC4 knockout plants showed increased sensitivity to salinity as compared with wild-type plants. Under salt stress npc4 plants had shorter roots, lower fresh weight, and reduced seed germination. Expression levels of abscisic acid-related genes ABI1, ABI2, RAB18, PP2CA, and SOT12 were substantially reduced in salt-treated npc4 plants. These observations demonstrate a role for NPC4 in the response of Arabidopsis to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kocourková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Krčková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpánka Veselková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Valentová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Rinukshi Wimalasekera
- Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Floriculture and Wood Science, Section of Applied Molecular Physiology, Herrenhauser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Günther F. E. Scherer
- Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Floriculture and Wood Science, Section of Applied Molecular Physiology, Herrenhauser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Cheng Y, Zhou W, El Sheery NI, Peters C, Li M, Wang X, Huang J. Characterization of the Arabidopsis glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GDPD) family reveals a role of the plastid-localized AtGDPD1 in maintaining cellular phosphate homeostasis under phosphate starvation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 66:781-95. [PMID: 21323773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GDPD), which hydrolyzes glycerophosphodiesters into sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) and the corresponding alcohols, plays an important role in various physiological processes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, little is known about the physiological significance of GDPD in plants. Here, we characterized the Arabidopsis GDPD family that can be classified into canonical GDPD (AtGDPD1-6) and GDPD-like (AtGDPDL1-7) subfamilies. In vitro analysis of enzymatic activities showed that AtGDPD1 and AtGDPDL1 hydrolyzed glycerolphosphoglycerol, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphoethanolamine, but the maximum activity of AtGDPD1 was much higher than that of AtGDPDL1 under our assay conditions. Analyses of gene expression patterns revealed that all AtGDPD genes except for AtGDPD4 were transcriptionally active in flowers and siliques. In addition, the gene family displayed overlapping and yet distinguishable patterns of expression in roots, leaves and stems, indicating functional redundancy as well as specificity of GDPD genes. AtGDPDs but not AtGDPDLs are up-regulated by inorganic phosphate (P(i) ) starvation. Loss-of-function of the plastid-localized AtGDPD1 leads to a significant decrease in GDPD activity, G-3-P content, P(i) content and seedling growth rate only under P(i) starvation compared with the wild type (WT). However, membrane lipid compositions in the P(i) -deprived seedlings remain unaltered between the AtGDPD1 knockout mutant and WT. Thus, we suggest that the GDPD-mediated lipid metabolic pathway may be involved in release of P(i) from phospholipids during P(i) starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Shimojima M, Ohta H. Critical regulation of galactolipid synthesis controls membrane differentiation and remodeling in distinct plant organs and following environmental changes. Prog Lipid Res 2011; 50:258-66. [PMID: 21414359 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant galactolipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), are the most abundant lipids in chloroplast membranes, and they constitute the majority of total membrane lipids in plants. MGDG is synthesized by two types of MGDG synthase, type-A (MGD1) and type-B (MGD2, MGD3). These MGDG synthases have distinct roles in Arabidopsis. In photosynthetic organs, Type A MGD is responsible for the bulk of MGDG synthesis, whereas Type B MGD is expressed in non-photosynthetic organs such as roots and flowers and mainly contributes to DGDG accumulation under phosphate deficiency. Similar to MGDG synthesis, DGDG is synthesized by two synthases, DGD1 and DGD2; DGD1 is responsible for the majority of DGDG synthesis, whereas DGD2 makes its main contribution under phosphate deficiency. These galactolipid synthases are regulated by light, plant hormones, redox state, phosphatidic acid levels, and various stress conditions such as drought and nutrient limitation. Maintaining the appropriate ratio of these two galactolipids in chloroplasts is important for stabilizing thylakoid membranes and maximizing the efficiency of photosynthesis. Here we review progress made in the last decade towards a better understanding of the pathways regulating plant galactolipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Shimojima
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-65 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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70
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Furt F, Simon-Plas F, Mongrand S. Lipids of the Plant Plasma Membrane. THE PLANT PLASMA MEMBRANE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-13431-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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71
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Martin P, Van Mooy BAS, Heithoff A, Dyhrman ST. Phosphorus supply drives rapid turnover of membrane phospholipids in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. ISME JOURNAL 2010; 5:1057-60. [PMID: 21160536 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2010.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In low-phosphorus (P) marine systems, phytoplankton replace membrane phospholipids with non-phosphorus lipids, but it is not known how rapidly this substitution occurs. Here, when cells of the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana were transferred from P-replete medium to P-free medium, the phospholipid content of the cells rapidly declined within 48 h from 45±0.9 to 21±4.5% of the total membrane lipids; the difference was made up by non-phosphorus lipids. Conversely, when P-limited T. pseudonana were resupplied with P, cells reduced the percentage of their total membrane lipids contributed by a non-phosphorus lipid from 43±1.5 to 7.3±0.9% within 24 h, whereas the contribution by phospholipids rose from 2.2±0.1 to 44±3%. This dynamic phospholipid reservoir contained sufficient P to synthesize multiple haploid genomes, suggesting that phospholipid turnover could be an important P source for cells. Field observations of phytoplankton lipid content may thus reflect short-term changes in P supply and cellular physiology, rather than simply long-term adjustment to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Martin
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK.
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73
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Pejchar P, Potocký M, Novotná Z, Veselková S, Kocourková D, Valentová O, Schwarzerová K, Martinec J. Aluminium ions inhibit the formation of diacylglycerol generated by phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase C in tobacco cells. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 188:150-60. [PMID: 20629955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
• Aluminium ions (Al) have been recognized as a major toxic factor for crop production in acidic soils. This study aimed to assess the impact of Al on the activity of phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase C (PC-PLC), a new member of the plant phospholipase family. • We labelled the tobacco cell line BY-2 and pollen tubes with a fluorescent derivative of phosphatidylcholine and assayed for patterns of fluorescently labelled products. Growth of pollen tubes was analysed. • We observed a significant decrease of labelled diacylglycerol (DAG) in cells treated with AlCl(3). Investigation of possible metabolic pathways that control DAG generation and consumption during the response to Al showed that DAG originated from the reaction catalysed by PC-PLC. The growth of pollen tubes was retarded in the presence of Al and this effect was accompanied by the decrease of labelled DAG similar to the case of the BY-2 cell line. The growth of pollen tubes arrested by Al was rescued by externally added DAG. • Our observation strongly supports the role of DAG generated by PC-PLC in the response of tobacco cells to Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Domingues TF, Meir P, Feldpausch TR, Saiz G, Veenendaal EM, Schrodt F, Bird M, Djagbletey G, Hien F, Compaore H, Diallo A, Grace J, Lloyd J. Co-limitation of photosynthetic capacity by nitrogen and phosphorus in West Africa woodlands. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2010; 33:959-80. [PMID: 20102540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic leaf traits were determined for savanna and forest ecosystems in West Africa, spanning a large range in precipitation. Standardized major axis fits revealed important differences between our data and reported global relationships. Especially for sites in the drier areas, plants showed higher photosynthetic rates for a given N or P when compared with relationships from the global data set. The best multiple regression for the pooled data set estimated V(cmax) and J(max) from N(DW) and S. However, the best regression for different vegetation types varied, suggesting that the scaling of photosynthesis with leaf traits changed with vegetation types. A new model is presented representing independent constraints by N and P on photosynthesis, which can be evaluated with or without interactions with S. It assumes that limitation of photosynthesis will result from the least abundant nutrient, thereby being less sensitive to the allocation of the non-limiting nutrient to non-photosynthetic pools. The model predicts an optimum proportionality for N and P, which is distinct for V(cmax) and J(max) and inversely proportional to S. Initial tests showed the model to predict V(cmax) and J(max) successfully for other tropical forests characterized by a range of different foliar N and P concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ferreira Domingues
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, Scotland, UK.
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Joyard J, Ferro M, Masselon C, Seigneurin-Berny D, Salvi D, Garin J, Rolland N. Chloroplast proteomics highlights the subcellular compartmentation of lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2010; 49:128-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
Chloroplasts are the defining organelle of photoautotrophic plant cells. Photosynthetic light reactions and electron transport are the functions of an elaborate thylakoid membrane system inside chloroplasts. The lipid composition of photosynthetic membranes is characterized by a substantial fraction of nonphosphorous galactoglycerolipids reflecting the need of sessile plants to conserve phosphorus. Lipid transport and assembly of glycerolipids play an essential role in the biogenesis of the photosynthetic apparatus in developing chloroplasts. During chloroplast biogenesis, fatty acids are synthesized in the plastid and are exported to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are incorporated into membrane lipids. Alternatively, lipids can also be assembled de novo at the inner envelope membrane of plastids in many plants. A rich repertoire of lipid exchange mechanisms involving the thylakoid membranes, the chloroplast inner and outer envelope membranes, and the endoplasmic reticulum is emerging. Studies of thylakoid biogenesis provide new insights into the general mechanisms of intermembrane lipid transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Benning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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Tjellström H, Hellgren LI, Wieslander A, Sandelius AS. Lipid asymmetry in plant plasma membranes: phosphate deficiency-induced phospholipid replacement is restricted to the cytosolic leaflet. FASEB J 2009; 24:1128-38. [PMID: 19966136 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-139410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As in other eukaryotes, plant plasma membranes contain sphingolipids, phospholipids, and free sterols. In addition, plant plasma membranes also contain sterol derivatives and usually <5 mol% of a galactolipid, digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG). We earlier reported that compared to fully fertilized oats (Avena sativa), oats cultivated without phosphate replaced up to 70 mol% of the root plasma membrane phospholipids with DGDG. Here, we investigated the implications of a high DGDG content on membrane properties. The phospholipid-to-DGDG replacement almost exclusively occurred in the cytosolic leaflet, where DGDG constituted up to one-third of the lipids. In the apoplastic (exoplasmic) leaflet, as well as in rafts, phospholipids were not replaced by DGDG, but by acylated sterol glycosides. Liposome studies revealed that the chain ordering in free sterol/phospholipid mixtures clearly decreased when >5 mol% DGDG was included. As both the apoplastic plasma membrane leaflet (probably the major water permeability barrier) and rafts both contain only trace amounts of DGDG, we conclude that this lipid class is not compatible with membrane functions requiring a high degree of lipid order. By not replacing phospholipids site specifically with DGDG, negative functional effects of this lipid in the plasma membrane are avoided.-Tjellström, H., Hellgren, L. I., Wieslander, A., Sandelius, A. S. Lipid asymmetry in plant plasma membranes: phosphate deficiency-induced phospholipid replacement is restricted to the cytosolic leaflet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Tjellström
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Hernández G, Valdés-López O, Ramírez M, Goffard N, Weiller G, Aparicio-Fabre R, Fuentes SI, Erban A, Kopka J, Udvardi MK, Vance CP. Global changes in the transcript and metabolic profiles during symbiotic nitrogen fixation in phosphorus-stressed common bean plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 151:1221-38. [PMID: 19755543 PMCID: PMC2773089 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.143842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is widespread in regions where the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), the most important legume for human consumption, is produced, and it is perhaps the factor that most limits nitrogen fixation. Global gene expression and metabolome approaches were used to investigate the responses of nodules from common bean plants inoculated with Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 grown under P-deficient and P-sufficient conditions. P-deficient inoculated plants showed drastic reduction in nodulation and nitrogenase activity as determined by acetylene reduction assay. Nodule transcript profiling was performed through hybridization of nylon filter arrays spotted with cDNAs, approximately 4,000 unigene set, from the nodule and P-deficient root library. A total of 459 genes, representing different biological processes according to updated annotation using the UniProt Knowledgebase database, showed significant differential expression in response to P: 59% of these were induced in P-deficient nodules. The expression platform for transcription factor genes based in quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed that 37 transcription factor genes were differentially expressed in P-deficient nodules and only one gene was repressed. Data from nontargeted metabolic profiles indicated that amino acids and other nitrogen metabolites were decreased, while organic and polyhydroxy acids were accumulated, in P-deficient nodules. Bioinformatics analyses using MapMan and PathExpress software tools, customized to common bean, were utilized for the analysis of global changes in gene expression that affected overall metabolism. Glycolysis and glycerolipid metabolism, and starch and Suc metabolism, were identified among the pathways significantly induced or repressed in P-deficient nodules, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Hernández
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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79
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Phospholipase D- and phosphatidic acid-mediated signaling in plants. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:927-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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