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Fraietta R, Pasqualotto FF, Roque M, Taitson PF. SARS-COV-2 and Male Reproductive Health. JBRA Assist Reprod 2020; 24:347-350. [PMID: 32510901 PMCID: PMC7365526 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical challenges for the public and private health, research, and medical communities have been posed by the COVID-19 outbreak. Some of these challenges are related to the possible adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproductive health, and whether other potential modes of transmission may occur, such as sexual transmission. Moreover, concerns have been raised in terms of whether the COVID-19 outbreak may have an impact on fertility worldwide. In this study, we will discuss the origins of SARS-CoV-2. We will further describe its mechanism of action, diagnosis, symptoms, and potential effects on the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Fraietta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Firmbach Pasqualotto
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Roque
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Mater Prime, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Franco Taitson
- Discipline of Human Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Abstract
Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to succeed in achieving a spontaneous pregnancy after 1 year. Male and female factors contribute to infertility with approximately 40% each. In the remaining cases factors that affect fertility can be found in both partners. The andrological work-up should be started simultaneously with the gynecological diagnostic procedure in order to identify and treat andrological factors related to infertility. Since the majority of intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedures are performed due to andrological infertility, andrological diagnostics can prevent a delay in assisted reproductive technology. The andrological work-up can be necessary before 12 months of unsuccessful conception if the female partner is older than 35 years or andrological factors are present that could impair male fertility.
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53
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Panner Selvam MK, Ambar RF, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Etiologies of sperm DNA damage and its impact on male infertility. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13706. [PMID: 32559347 DOI: 10.1111/and.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Male factor is responsible for up to 50% of infertility cases in the world. Semen analysis is considered the cornerstone of laboratory evaluation of male infertility, but it has its own drawbacks and fails to predict the male fertility potential with high sensitivity and specificity. Different etiologies have been linked with male infertility, of which sperm DNA damage has gained significant attention with extensive research on sperm function tests. The associations between sperm DNA damage and a variety of disorders such as varicocele, obesity, cancer, radiation and lifestyle factors are explored in this review. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms of DNA damage as well as its impact in different scenarios of male infertility, associated with spontaneous and assisted reproduction. Finally, we review the clinical applicability of sperm DNA fragmentation testing in the management of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael F Ambar
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Sexual and Reproductive Medicine - Department of Urology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ralf Henkel
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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Younis JS, Abassi Z, Skorecki K. Is there an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on male fertility? The ACE2 connection. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E878-E880. [PMID: 32421367 PMCID: PMC7276979 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00183.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The viral pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), generated by a novel mutated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has become a serious worldwide public health emergency, evolving exponentially. While the main organ targeted in this disease is the lungs, other vital organs, such as the heart and kidney, may be implicated. The main host receptor of the SARS-CoV-2 is angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a major component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The ACE2 is also involved in testicular male regulation of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. As the SARS-CoV-2 may have the potential to infect the testis via ACE2 and adversely affect male reproductive system, it is essential to commence with targeted studies to learn from the current pandemic, with the possibility of preemptive intervention, depending on the findings and time course of the continuing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny S Younis
- Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
- Azrieili Faculty of Medicine in Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Karl Skorecki
- Azrieili Faculty of Medicine in Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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55
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Kohn JR, Haney NM, Nichols PE, Rodriguez KM, Kohn TP. Varicocele Repair Prior to Assisted Reproductive Technology: Patient Selection and Special Considerations. Res Rep Urol 2020; 12:149-156. [PMID: 32426301 PMCID: PMC7196200 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s198934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical varicoceles are one of the most commonly identified physical exam abnormalities in men presenting with infertility. Clinical varicoceles can cause impaired spermatogenesis and surgical correction can improve semen parameters in select men. Increasingly, andrologists are performing varicocele repairs prior to intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to boost male fertility potential. In this review, we evaluated the available literature 1) to determine if varicocelectomy prior to IUI or assisted reproductive technologies proved to improve sperm production or pregnancy outcomes; and 2) to identify who may be the ideal candidate for pre-IUI/ART varicocelectomy. Overall, few studies have explored this topic and little can be concluded about the impact of varicocelectomy prior to IUI. The evidence, however, does support that correcting a clinical varicocele can increase pregnancy outcomes in couples who plan to pursue IVF or ICSI. When selecting patients for varicocelectomy prior to IUI or ART, clinicians should evaluate female age as improvement in semen parameters can take 6 months after varicocelectomy and this duration of time may be deleterious in cases of advanced maternal age when each cycle becomes increasingly important. Overall, the currently limited literature regarding clinical varicoceles correction demonstrates that pregnancy rates can be increased when comparing patients who have undergone varicocelectomy prior to ART with those who had clinical varicocele but did not undergo surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaden R Kohn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nora M Haney
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Katherine M Rodriguez
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Taylor P Kohn
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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56
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Khanbazi MH, Mogheiseh A, Ahrari Khafi MS, Nazifi S, Ahmadi N, Khazaei M. The effects of therapeutic ultrasound waves on testicular tissue, echogenicity, semen quality, oxidative stress, and acute-phase proteins in dogs. Theriogenology 2020; 153:39-47. [PMID: 32417610 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The application of high-intensity ultrasound waves has been investigated as one of the non-invasive methods of contraception in several species. This study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of contraception in dogs using ultrasound waves by measuring acute-phase proteins and oxidative stress indices. Ten mixed-breed adult and fertile dogs were divided into two equal treatment and control groups. The dogs' testes in the treatment group were exposed to ultrasound waves at an intensity of 1.5 W/cm2 and a frequency of 1 MHz, 3 times for 5 min, and every 48 h. Blood sampling (before exposure, and 3, 5, 7, 21, 35, 49, and 63 days after exposure), semen collection (before exposure, and 4, 6, and 8 weeks after exposure), testicular ultrasonography (before exposure, and 4, 6, and 8 weeks after exposure), and testis histopathology (30 and 60 days after exposure) were performed during the study. The echogenicity of the dogs' testes significantly increased in the treatment group from week 6 onwards (P = 0.001). The concentration and progressive motility of spermatozoa in all samples, from both the control and the treatment groups, were normal at different times during the study. There was no significant change in the concentration of serum testosterone. The activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes on days 3, 5, and 7 and catalase activity on day 3 significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to those of the control group (P = 0.006). In addition, malondialdehyde concentration significantly increased in the treatment group on days 3, 5, and 7 (P < 0.0001). The concentrations of C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein significantly increased on days 3, 5, and 7 compared to those of the control group (P = 0.005). To sum up, high-intensity ultrasound waves could activate the process of the acute phase response of inflammation and oxidative stress and induce further damage to the testicular tissue in dogs. This was mainly observed in the first week after the testes were exposed to ultrasound waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Khanbazi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Asghar Mogheiseh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
| | | | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Ahmadi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Khazaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
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57
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Pinto‐Pinho P, Matos J, Arantes‐Rodrigues R, Gomes Z, Brito M, Moutinho O, Colaço B, Pinto‐Leite R. Association of lifestyle factors with semen quality: A pilot study conducted in men from the Portuguese Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto Douro region followed in fertility support consultations. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13549. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pinto‐Pinho
- Genetics/Andrology Laboratory Hospital Centre of Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto Douro (CHTMAD) Vila Real Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology University of Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) Vila Real Portugal
| | - Joana Matos
- Genetics/Andrology Laboratory Hospital Centre of Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto Douro (CHTMAD) Vila Real Portugal
| | - Regina Arantes‐Rodrigues
- Genetics/Andrology Laboratory Hospital Centre of Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto Douro (CHTMAD) Vila Real Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro‐environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB) University of Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) Vila Real Portugal
| | - Zélia Gomes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Centre of Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto Douro (CHTMAD) Vila Real Portugal
| | - Miguel Brito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Centre of Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto Douro (CHTMAD) Vila Real Portugal
| | - Osvaldo Moutinho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Centre of Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto Douro (CHTMAD) Vila Real Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro‐environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB) University of Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) Vila Real Portugal
| | - Rosário Pinto‐Leite
- Genetics/Andrology Laboratory Hospital Centre of Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto Douro (CHTMAD) Vila Real Portugal
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58
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Wan X, He X, Liu Q, Duan P, Li H. Frequent and mild scrotal heat stress impairs embryo development, implantation and offspring sex ratio in mice. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 40:617-626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Gallo A, Boni R, Tosti E. Gamete quality in a multistressor environment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105627. [PMID: 32151884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, accumulated evidence confirms that the global environment conditions are changing rapidly. Urban industrialization, agriculture and globalization have generated water, air and soil pollution, giving rise to an environment with a growing number of stress factors, which has a serious impact on the fitness, reproduction and survival of living organisms. The issue raises considerable concern on biodiversity conservation, which is now at risk: it is estimated that a number of species will be extinct in the near future. Sexual reproduction is the process that allows the formation of a new individual and is underpinned by gamete quality defined as the ability of spermatozoa and oocytes to interact during fertilization leading to the creation and development of a normal embryo. This review aimed to provide the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of a broad spectrum of environmental stressors on diverse parameters used to estimate and evaluate gamete quality in humans and in canonical animal models used for experimental research. Effects of metals, biocides, herbicides, nanoparticles, plastics, temperature rise, ocean acidification, air pollution and lifestyle on the physiological parameters that underlie gamete fertilization competence are described supporting the concept that environmental stressors represent a serious hazard to gamete quality with reproductive disorders and living organism failure. Although clear evidence is still limited, gamete capacity to maintain and/or recover physiological conditions is recently demonstrated providing further clues about the plasticity of organisms and their tolerance to the pressures of pollution that may facilitate the reproduction and the persistence of species within the scenario of global change. Changes in the global environment must be urgently placed at the forefront of public attention, with a massive effort invested in further studies aimed towards implementing current knowledge and identifying new methodologies and markers to predict impairment of gamete quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Boni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tosti
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
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Segars J, Katler Q, McQueen DB, Kotlyar A, Glenn T, Knight Z, Feinberg EC, Taylor HS, Toner JP, Kawwass JF. Prior and novel coronaviruses, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and human reproduction: what is known? Fertil Steril 2020; 113:1140-1149. [PMID: 32482250 PMCID: PMC7161522 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize current understanding of the effects of novel and prior coronaviruses on human reproduction, specifically male and female gametes, and in pregnancy. DESIGN Review of English publications in PubMed and Embase to April 6, 2020. METHOD(S) Articles were screened for reports including coronavirus, reproduction, pathophysiology, and pregnancy. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Reproductive outcomes, effects on gametes, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal complications. RESULT(S) Seventy-nine reports formed the basis of the review. Coronavirus binding to cells involves the S1 domain of the spike protein to receptors present in reproductive tissues, including angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), CD26, Ezrin, and cyclophilins. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) may cause severe orchitis leading to germ cell destruction in males. Reports indicate decreased sperm concentration and motility for 72-90 days following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Gonadotropin-dependent expression of ACE2 was found in human ovaries, but it is unclear whether SARS-Coronavirus 2 (CoV-2) adversely affects female gametogenesis. Evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection has a lower maternal case fatality rate than SARS or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), but anecdotal reports suggest that infected, asymptomatic women may develop respiratory symptoms postpartum. Coronavirus Disease 2019 infections in pregnancy are associated with preterm delivery. Postpartum neonatal transmission from mother to child has been reported. CONCLUSION(S) Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection may affect adversely some pregnant women and their offspring. Additional studies are needed to assess effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male and female fertility.
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MESH Headings
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/complications
- Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Female
- Fertility
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Infertility, Female/diagnosis
- Infertility, Female/physiopathology
- Infertility, Female/virology
- Infertility, Male/diagnosis
- Infertility, Male/physiopathology
- Infertility, Male/virology
- Male
- Orchitis/diagnosis
- Orchitis/physiopathology
- Orchitis/virology
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/complications
- Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/physiopathology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology
- Pregnancy Outcome
- Reproduction
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- SARS-CoV-2
- Sperm Count
- Sperm Motility
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Affiliation(s)
- James Segars
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Quinton Katler
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dana B McQueen
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology &, Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexander Kotlyar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tanya Glenn
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zac Knight
- American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eve C Feinberg
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology &, Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - James P Toner
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer F Kawwass
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Duzhong Butiansu Prescription Improves Heat Stress-Induced Spermatogenic Dysfunction by Regulating Sperm Formation and Heat Stress Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6723204. [PMID: 32184896 PMCID: PMC7063193 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6723204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Duzhong Butiansu (DZBTS) prescription contains many traditional Chinese medicines and has been shown to have a curative effect on male fertility. However, the efficacy and mechanism of DZBTS in the treatment of male infertility induced by heat stress have not been reported. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the effect and mechanism of DZBTS on spermatogenic function of a heat stress model in rats. Methods Male Wistar rats (280–320 g) were given different doses of DZBTS (0.4853 g/kg/d or 0.9707 g/kg/d), Shengjing capsule (0.56 g/kg/d), or double distilled water for 15 days. A 43°C hot water bath for 30 minutes was used to stimulate the testis of rats. Sperm count, sperm motility, the organ index of kidney and gonadal organs, serum sex hormone levels, and serum oxidising reaction index were measured. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphology of the testis and kidney. The expression of Hsp70 in testes was observed by immunofluorescence. The changes in heat stress, reproductive-related protein, and mRNA were measured by western blot assay and RT-qPCR. Results Heat stress downregulated the levels of sex hormone (P < 0.05 or P < 0.05 or P < 0.05 or P < 0.05 or P < 0.05 or P < 0.05 or P < 0.05 or Conclusions Our results for the first time have found that DZBTS can improve spermatogenesis disorder in a heat stress model in rats, which may be mainly by regulating AR, sperm regulatory protein CREB1, and the HSF/Hsp70 signaling pathway to decrease oxidative stress.
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63
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Wen Y, Leng J, Shen X, Han G, Sun L, Yu F. Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031084. [PMID: 32046319 PMCID: PMC7037944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Environmental health in subway stations, a typical type of urban underground space, is becoming increasingly important. Ventilation is the principal measure for optimizing the complex physical environment in a subway station. This paper narratively reviews the environmental and health effects of subway ventilation and discusses the relevant engineering, environmental, and medical aspects in combination. Ventilation exerts a notable dual effect on environmental health in a subway station. On the one hand, ventilation controls temperature, humidity, and indoor air quality to ensure human comfort and health. On the other hand, ventilation also carries the potential risks of spreading air pollutants or fire smoke through the complex wind environment as well as produces continuous noise. Assessment and management of health risks associated with subway ventilation is essential to attain a healthy subway environment. This, however, requires exposure, threshold data, and thereby necessitates more research into long-term effects, and toxicity as well as epidemiological studies. Additionally, more research is needed to further examine the design and maintenance of ventilation systems. An understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and aerodynamic characteristics of various pollutants can help formulate ventilation strategies to reduce pollutant concentrations. Moreover, current comprehensive underground space development affords a possibility for creating flexible spaces that optimize ventilation efficiency, acoustic comfort, and space perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Wen
- School of Architecture, Future Underground Space Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing 210019, Jiangsu, China; (Y.W.); (G.H.); (L.S.); (F.Y.)
| | - Jiawei Leng
- School of Architecture, Future Underground Space Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing 210019, Jiangsu, China; (Y.W.); (G.H.); (L.S.); (F.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-83790760
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- School of Public Health, Station and Train Health Institute, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210019, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Gang Han
- School of Architecture, Future Underground Space Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing 210019, Jiangsu, China; (Y.W.); (G.H.); (L.S.); (F.Y.)
| | - Lijun Sun
- School of Architecture, Future Underground Space Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing 210019, Jiangsu, China; (Y.W.); (G.H.); (L.S.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Architecture, Future Underground Space Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing 210019, Jiangsu, China; (Y.W.); (G.H.); (L.S.); (F.Y.)
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de Carvalho RC, Groner MF, Camillo J, Ferreira PRA, Fraietta R. The interference of COVID-19 in the male reproductive system: Important questions and the future of assisted reproduction techniques. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e2183. [PMID: 32876112 PMCID: PMC7442377 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Cristina de Carvalho
- Disciplina de Urologia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Matheus Ferreira Groner
- Disciplina de Urologia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Jacqueline Camillo
- Disciplina de Urologia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Paulo Roberto Abrão Ferreira
- Disciplina de Infectologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Renato Fraietta
- Disciplina de Urologia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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65
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Parekh NV, Lundy SD, Vij SC. Fertility considerations in men with testicular cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:S14-S23. [PMID: 32055481 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.08.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern approach to cancer management has evolved into a multidisciplinary initiative focused not only on cancer specific and overall survival, but also patient quality of life and survivorship. Future fertility is often a major concern for young patients undergoing cancer therapy. Fertility preservation has emerged as a viable but significantly underutilized option. Patients and families should be aware of the varying effects of antineoplastic therapy on their future fertility to allow for an informed decision regarding their fertility preservation options. In this review we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of fertility in the setting of testicular cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel V Parekh
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Scott D Lundy
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah C Vij
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Andrologische Anamnese – welche Fragen sollten auch Gynäkologen stellen? GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-019-00281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Köhn FM, Kliesch S, Pinggera GM, Schuppe HC, Tüttelmann F. Andrologische Diagnostik vor einer reproduktionsmedizinischen Behandlung. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-019-00283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Llamas Luceño N, de Souza Ramos Angrimani D, de Cássia Bicudo L, Szymańska KJ, Van Poucke M, Demeyere K, Meyer E, Peelman L, Mullaart E, Broekhuijse MLWJ, Van Soom A. Exposing dairy bulls to high temperature-humidity index during spermatogenesis compromises subsequent embryo development in vitro. Theriogenology 2019; 141:16-25. [PMID: 31494458 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The possible impact of natural heat stress on animal fertility is currently a major concern for breeding companies. Here, we aimed to address this concern by determining the effects of natural heat stress on the fertility of Holstein bulls located in the Netherlands. Semen samples were collected from six bulls at two locations in March 2016 (low temperature-humidity index (THI) group; maximum THI of 51.8 and 55 at their respective locations) or August (high THI group; maximum THI of 77.9 and 80.5 during meiotic and spermiogenic stages of spermatogenesis, 42 to 14 days prior to semen collection). The effect of heat stress on semen quality was assessed by sperm morphology, motility, reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, viability, and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, we evaluated the development of embryos generated in vitro by low and high THI semen, and determined inner cell mass/trophectoderm ratio, apoptotic cell ratio, and embryonic gene expression in day-8 blastocysts. An increase in cell death (propidium iodide-positive cells; P = 0.039) was observed in the high THI group (31.5%) compared to the low THI group (27.6%). Moreover, a decrease (P < 0.001) was observed in the total blastocyst rates at day 7 post-insemination (15.3 vs 20.9%) and day 8 (23.2 vs 29.6%) in the high THI compared to the low THI group, respectively. There were no differences in the relative abundance of candidate transcripts examined. In conclusion, sperm samples from dairy bulls obtained during a period with higher THI had reduced viability and led to a decrease in blastocyst development and delayed hatching, compared to semen collected during a period with low THI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Llamas Luceño
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Daniel de Souza Ramos Angrimani
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Cássia Bicudo
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katarzyna J Szymańska
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mario Van Poucke
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Peelman
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Abstract
The identification of potential environmental hazards may be clinically relevant in the diagnosis of male infertility. Knowledge about these factors will improve prevention of fertility disorders. Apart from drugs or factors related to lifestyle such as alcohol and tobacco smoke, various environmental and occupational agents, both chemical and physical, may impair male reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity may evolve at the hypothalamic-pituitary, testicular, or post-testicular level; endpoints comprise deterioration of spermatogenesis and sperm function as well as endocrine disorders and sexual dysfunction. With regard to the complex regulation of the male reproductive system, the available information concerning single exogenous factors and their mechanisms of action in humans is limited. This is also due to the fact that extrapolation of results obtained from experimental animal or in vitro studies remains difficult. Nevertheless, the assessment of relevant exposure to reproductive toxicants should be carefully evaluated during diagnostic procedures of andrological patients.
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Freeman S, Bertolotto M, Richenberg J, Belfield J, Dogra V, Huang DY, Lotti F, Markiet K, Nikolic O, Ramanathan S, Ramchandani P, Rocher L, Secil M, Sidhu PS, Skrobisz K, Studniarek M, Tsili A, Tuncay Turgut A, Pavlica P, Derchi LE. Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: guidelines and recommendations of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group (ESUR-SPIWG) for detection, classification, and grading. Eur Radiol 2019; 30:11-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Marsh C, McCracken M, Gray M, Nangia A, Gay J, Roby KF. Low total motile sperm in transgender women seeking hormone therapy. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:1639-1648. [PMID: 31250175 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was undertaken to compare semen quality, hormonal status, and social factors in transgender women seeking fertility preservation with those of fertile cisgender men. Long-range goals are to establish standard practice measures ensuring optimum semen quality for cryopreservation and fertility preservation in transgender women. METHODS This is a case-control study carried out at an academic medical center. Cases are transgender women seeking fertility preservation prior to initiation of hormone therapy. Controls are cisgender men recently fathering a child. All participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 survey and additional survey questions related to personal behaviors. Complete semen analysis was carried out in a clinical andrology laboratory according to WHO guidelines, 5th edition. Serum follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, and testosterone were measured at the time of semen analysis. RESULTS Sperm concentration, total sperm per ejaculate, total motile sperm, volume, and normal sperm morphology were significantly lower in transgender females compared with fertile cisgender men. Other measures of semen parameters and hormone concentrations were not different between groups. Survey results indicated transgender women were more likely to have symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress and utilize tucking and tight undergarments, compared with controls; however, both groups reported similar numbers of ejaculations per week. CONCLUSIONS Although semen parameters were low, cryopreservation of sperm prior to hormone therapy is a viable fertility preservation option for most transgender women. The etiology of the differences in semen parameters is not known. Enhanced education related to personal behaviors or treatment to reduce effects of stressors prior to cryopreservation may improve future fertility potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Marsh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- Center for Advanced Reproductive Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Overland Park, KS, 66211, USA.
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Megan McCracken
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Center for Advanced Reproductive Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Overland Park, KS, 66211, USA
| | - Meredith Gray
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Ajay Nangia
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Judy Gay
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Center for Advanced Reproductive Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Overland Park, KS, 66211, USA
| | - Katherine F Roby
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- Center for Advanced Reproductive Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Overland Park, KS, 66211, USA.
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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72
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Petersen KU, Hansen J, Ebbehoej NE, Bonde JP. Infertility in a Cohort of Male Danish Firefighters: A Register-Based Study. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:339-346. [PMID: 30452532 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim in this study was to examine infertility among male firefighters in Denmark. Thus, we established a cohort of 4,710 past and present male Danish firefighters through personnel and membership records obtained from employers and trade unions. Information on vital status and infertility from the Danish Civil Registration System, the In Vitro Fertilisation Register, and the National Patient Register for the period 1984-2017 was linked to cohort members using their Danish personal identification numbers. Hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated for male-factor infertility and overall infertility through Cox regression analyses comparing the firefighters with 2 reference groups: a sample of employees and military men. Among the full-time firefighters, the risk of male-factor infertility was increased in comparison with the sample of employees (In Vitro Fertilisation Register model: hazard ratio = 1.46 (95% confidence interval: 1.10, 1.94); National Patient Register model: hazard ratio = 1.53 (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 1.98)). Results were less consistent using the military men as the reference group. Further, the increase in infertility seemed restricted to duration of time employed as a firefighter. No increase in risk of either male-factor infertility or overall infertility was seen among the part-time/volunteer firefighters. Thus, full-time firefighting was associated with a greater risk of being diagnosed with male-factor infertility in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa U Petersen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels E Ebbehoej
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens P Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kopalli SR, Cha KM, Hwang SY, Jeong MS, Kim SK. Korean Red Ginseng ( Panax ginseng Meyer) with enriched Rg3 ameliorates chronic intermittent heat stress-induced testicular damage in rats via multifunctional approach. J Ginseng Res 2019; 43:135-142. [PMID: 30662302 PMCID: PMC6323164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax ginseng Meyer, known as Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), is one of the important age-old traditional herbs used in boosting libido and improving male fertility. In this study, the effects of Rg3-enriched KRG extract (KGC04P) on heat stress-induced testicular damage in experimental rats was evaluated. METHODS Male rats (Sprague-Dawley) were divided into four groups (n = 10): normal control (NC), heat-stressed control (HC), heat-stressed plus KGC04P-100 mg/kg (HK100), and heat-stressed plus KGC04P-200 mg/kg (HK200) groups. Starting 1 week prior to heat stress, animals were administered orally with KGC04P (100 and 200 mg/kg) mixed with a regular pellet diet and continued for 25 weeks. Heat stress was induced to HC, HK100, and HK200 groups by intermittently exposing the animals to high temperatures (32 ± 1°C, 2 h/day). After 6 months, animals were euthanized under general anesthesia with carbon dioxide and evaluated for various parameters in serum and testicular tissue by using Western blotting, biochemical kits, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Significant (p < 0.05) alterations in several parameters, such as body/organ weight, sperm kinematics, and lipid metabolism marker levels, in the serum and testis of rats were observed. Further, the expression of testicular antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, sex hormonal receptors, and spermatogenesis-related genes were also affected significantly (p < 0.05) in the heat-stressed group. However, KGC04P prevented the heat stress-induced changes in rats significantly (p < 0.05) at both concentrations. CONCLUSION KGC04P attenuated heat stress-induced testicular damage by a multifunctional approach and can be developed as an excellent therapeutic agent for hyperthermia-mediated male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyu-Min Cha
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seock-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Science and Industry, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Kwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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Elgergawy A, Dawood A, Abbas A, Nagla SM. Outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in infertile men with nontense vaginal hydrocele: A prospective cohort study. J Hum Reprod Sci 2019; 12:316-320. [PMID: 32038082 PMCID: PMC6937774 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_45_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of nontense vaginal hydrocele in male partner with oligoasthenospermia on the success rates of the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Patients and Methods: Enrolled patients (n = 60) were divided into two groups: Group I who have oligoasthenospermia with nontense vaginal hydrocele (study group) and Group II who have oligoasthenospermia with no hydrocele group (control group). The primary outcomes included the fertilization and pregnancy rates whereas the secondary outcomes included any complications occurred. Results: There were no differences in demographic characteristics between both groups. Semen parameters were poorer in the hydrocele group than in the nonhydrocele group regarding count and motility (P < 0.001). The volume of testis was reduced significantly in the hydrocele group (P < 0.001). The results of ICSI regarding fertilization rate, number and quality of developed embryos, and pregnancy rates are not statistically different between both groups. Conclusion: Hydrocele affects both sperm count and motility, but it has no effects on ICSI outcomes. Clinical pregnancy rate was comparable in patients with or without hydrocele. Hence, the surgical management of hydrocele before ICSI is not recommended.
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Mahdivand N, Najafi G, Nejati V, Shalizar-Jalali A, Rahmani F. Royal jelly protects male rats from heat stress-induced reproductive failure. Andrologia 2018; 51:e13213. [PMID: 30548301 DOI: 10.1111/and.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) as an antioxidant has been shown to have attenuated oxidative stress damages in reproductive organs. The objective was carried out the effects of RJ on sperm characteristics, sperm malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) outcome in heat stress (HS) exposed male rats. Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into eight groups; group 1 received normal saline, group 2 received RJ (100 mg kg-1 day-1 ; PO), groups 3, 4 and 5 were heat-stressed (43, 39 and 37°C for 20 min per day respectively) and groups 6, 7 and 8 were heat-stressed along with RJ (43, 39 and 37°C for 20 min per day, respectively, plus RJ at a dose of 100 mg kg-1 day-1 ; PO). The HS was induced through immersion of experimental rat scrotums in a water bath. After 48 days, the HS induced remarkable diminish in sperm motility, viability and fertilising potential along with reduced blastulation rate and enhanced sperm chromatin abnormality, MDA levels and DNA damage. Nevertheless, RJ co-administration improved sperm characteristics and early embryo development as well as sperm lipid peroxidation level. Our data suggest that RJ can effectively ameliorate the experimental HS-induced infertility in rats through MDA concentration restoration and sperm characteristics and pre-implantation embryo development improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Mahdivand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Najafi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Shalizar-Jalali
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahmani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Zavattaro M, Ceruti C, Motta G, Allasia S, Marinelli L, Di Bisceglie C, Tagliabue MP, Sibona M, Rolle L, Lanfranco F. Treating varicocele in 2018: current knowledge and treatment options. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:1365-1375. [PMID: 30284221 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Varicocele is defined as a state of varicosity and tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus around the testis caused by retrograde blood flow through the internal spermatic vein. The prevalence of clinically relevant varicocele ranges from 5 to 20% in the male population and is often associated with infertility and reduction of sperm quality. In this review, the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of varicocele are reviewed along with therapeutic options and treatment effects on sperm parameters and fertility both in adult and in pediatric/adolescent subjects. METHODS We conducted a Medline and a PubMed search from 1965 to 2018 to identify publications related to varicocele clinical aspects, treatment procedures and treatment outcomes. Keywords used for the search were: "varicocele", "varicocelectomy", "sclerotherapy", "male infertility", "subfertility", and "semen abnormalities". RESULTS Data from a large number of studies in adolescent and adult males indicate that varicocele correction improves semen parameters in the majority of patients, reducing oxidative stress and improving sperm nuclear DNA integrity either with surgical or percutaneous approach. CONCLUSIONS Varicocele repair seems to represent a cost-effective therapeutic option for all males (both adolescent and adults) with a clinical varicocele in the presence of testicular hypotrophy, worsening sperm alterations or infertility. On the other hand, some investigators questioned the role of varicocelectomy in the era of assisted reproduction. Thus, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of varicocele-associated male subfertility is of paramount importance to elucidating the deleterious effects of varicocele on spermatogenesis and possibly formulating new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zavattaro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - C Ceruti
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Motta
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - S Allasia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - L Marinelli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - C Di Bisceglie
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - M P Tagliabue
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - M Sibona
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Rolle
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - F Lanfranco
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Costa GM, Lacerda SM, Figueiredo AF, Leal MC, Rezende-Neto JV, França LR. Higher environmental temperatures promote acceleration of spermatogenesis in vivo in mice (Mus musculus). J Therm Biol 2018; 77:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Darbandi M, Darbandi S, Agarwal A, Sengupta P, Durairajanayagam D, Henkel R, Sadeghi MR. Reactive oxygen species and male reproductive hormones. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:87. [PMID: 30205828 PMCID: PMC6134507 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of the increasing incidence of male infertility paired with decreasing semen quality have triggered studies on the effects of lifestyle and environmental factors on the male reproductive potential. There are numerous exogenous and endogenous factors that are able to induce excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) beyond that of cellular antioxidant capacity, thus causing oxidative stress. In turn, oxidative stress negatively affects male reproductive functions and may induce infertility either directly or indirectly by affecting the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and/or disrupting its crosstalk with other hormonal axes. This review discusses the important exogenous and endogenous factors leading to the generation of ROS in different parts of the male reproductive tract. It also highlights the negative impact of oxidative stress on the regulation and cross-talk between the reproductive hormones. It further describes the mechanism of ROS-induced derangement of male reproductive hormonal profiles that could ultimately lead to male infertility. An understanding of the disruptive effects of ROS on male reproductive hormones would encourage further investigations directed towards the prevention of ROS-mediated hormonal imbalances, which in turn could help in the management of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 USA
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Damayanthi Durairajanayagam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535 South Africa
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
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Hamerezaee M, Dehghan SF, Golbabaei F, Fathi A, Barzegar L, Heidarnejad N. Assessment of Semen Quality among Workers Exposed to Heat Stress: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Steel Industry. Saf Health Work 2018; 9:232-235. [PMID: 29928539 PMCID: PMC6005923 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to investigate the heat stress and semen quality among male workers in a steel industry in Iran and investigate the relationship between heat stress indices and semen parameters. METHODS The study was conducted on workers exposed (n = 30) and unexposed (n = 14) to heat in a steel industry. After obtaining a brief biography of the selected employees, scrotal temperature, oral temperature, and environmental parameters were measured, and their semen samples were analyzed according to the procedure recommended by the World Health Organization. The heat stress indices, including wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and predicted heat strain (PHS), in their workplace were calculated according to environmental parameters (ISO 7243:1989 and 7933:2004, respectively). RESULTS Time-weighted averages of WBGT and PHS (35.76°C and 491.56 w/m2w m 2 , respectively) for the exposed group were higher than threshold limit values. The mean difference of environmental, physiological, and semen parameters (exception: pH of semen), and also WBGT and PHS indices were statistically significant (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Mean semen parameters were in the normozoospermic range. WBGT and PHS indices showed significantly "negative" correlation with physiological parameters (scrotal and oral temperature) and most semen parameters (semen volume, sperm morphology, sperm motility, sperm count; p < 0.05); moreover, the correlation of WBGT with these parameters was stronger than PHS. CONCLUSION Semen parameters of the studied workers exposed to heat were in the borderline level of normozoospermic range, and their semen parameters were significantly lower than controls. For better assessment of occupational environment concerning physiological and semen parameters in steel industries, WBGT can be a more useful index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Hamerezaee
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh F. Dehghan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Golbabaei
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asad Fathi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Loghman Barzegar
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Heidarnejad
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Jin JX, Wang HZ, Zhai ZX, Ma BL, Li QF, Xiao N, Wang ZP, Rodriguez R. Transrectal microwave thermotherapy causing a short-time influence on sperm quality in Chinese chronic nonbacterial prostatitis patients. Asian J Androl 2018; 19:548-553. [PMID: 27538474 PMCID: PMC5566848 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.185852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis can affect the sperm's quality. Previous studies have shown that transrectal microwave thermotherapy (TRMT) results in symptomatic relief in patients with chronic prostatitis, but the effects on sperm have not been carefully investigated. This study evaluates the impact of TRMT on the relief or decrease of symptoms and quality of sperm when used to treat patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. Sixty patients were enrolled in the study. TRMT treatment was administered over 5 days, 1 h per day. Semen examination was carried out pretreatment and immediately at the conclusion of the 5-day treatment. Also, it was repeated 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months later. The treatment's symptom relief efficacy was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI). After the treatment, the overall NIH-CPSI scores were lower compared to those of pretreatment. In addition, the white blood cells and lecithin in expressed prostatic secretion were normal after the treatment. The sperm count was decreased by 23.8% 3 months after the treatment, sperm motility was reduced by 10.3% immediately after treatment, and sperm deformity was increased by 17.2%. The sperm volume and PH were not affected. However, the sperm quality recovered after treatment and the malformation rate was also lower at 6 months after treatment. TRMT is a favorable and safe treatment option for patients with nonbacterial chronic prostatitis. It could relieve the patient's symptoms and impact on sperm quality in the short-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Jin
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Diseases of Urological System Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Han-Zhang Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Zheng-Xing Zhai
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Diseases of Urological System Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bao-Liang Ma
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Diseases of Urological System Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qin-Fang Li
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Diseases of Urological System Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Diseases of Urological System Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Wang
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Diseases of Urological System Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ronald Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
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82
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Clinical Effects of Regular Dry Sauna Bathing: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1857413. [PMID: 29849692 PMCID: PMC5941775 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1857413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Many health benefits are claimed by individuals and facilities promoting sauna bathing; however the medical evidence to support these claims is not well established. This paper aims to systematically review recent research on the effects of repeated dry sauna interventions on human health. Methods A systematic search was made of medical databases for studies reporting on the health effects of regular dry sauna bathing on humans from 2000 onwards. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Results Forty clinical studies involving a total of 3855 participants met the inclusion criteria. Only 13 studies were randomized controlled trials and most studies were small (n < 40). Reported outcome measures were heterogeneous with most studies reporting beneficial health effects. Only one small study (n = 10) reported an adverse health outcome of disrupted male spermatogenesis, demonstrated to be reversible when ceasing sauna activity. Conclusions Regular dry sauna bathing has potential health benefits. More data of higher quality is needed on the frequency and extent of adverse side effects. Further study is also needed to determine the optimal frequency and duration of distinct types of sauna bathing for targeted health effects and the specific clinical populations who are most likely to benefit.
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83
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Zhang MH, Zhai LP, Fang ZY, Li AN, Qiu Y, Liu YX. Impact of a mild scrotal heating on sperm chromosomal abnormality, acrosin activity and seminal alpha-glucosidase in human fertile males. Andrologia 2018; 50:e12985. [PMID: 29468755 DOI: 10.1111/and.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe sperm aneuploidy, DNA integrity, seminal alpha-glucosidase (NAG) and acrosin activity (AA) under testicular heat stress (SH). Spermatozoa were obtained from 30 healthy adult volunteers subjected to scrotal warming at 43°C for 30-40 min on two successive days per week for 3 months between February 2012 and September 2016. Aniline blue (AB), acridine orange (AO) staining, TUNEL assay and FISH analysis to evaluate sperm function, sperm DNA integrity and chromosomal abnormalities were carried on before, during and after SH. Sperm AA and NAG was measured by microplate reader. The mean parameters of sperm parameters, AA and NAG were significantly decreased. In contrast, the mean percentage of sperm DNA fragmentation and the proportion of aneuploidy of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y were significantly increased for spermatozoa collected during SH versus before SH (p < .01-.001). After stopping scrotal heating for 3 months, most parameters were completely restored to pre-SH levels. Sperm parameters, sperm DNA integrity, chromosomes, AA and NAG are affected by scrotal exposure to constant SH temperatures several degrees over normal physiological temperature, and after treatment, these parameters were reversibly restored to the level before SH in adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-H Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Key Laboratory for Improving Birth Outcome Technique, Shandong Provincial Family Planning Institute of Science and Technology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - L-P Zhai
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Control of Endemic Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Z-Y Fang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Key Laboratory for Improving Birth Outcome Technique, Shandong Provincial Family Planning Institute of Science and Technology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - A-N Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Key Laboratory for Improving Birth Outcome Technique, Shandong Provincial Family Planning Institute of Science and Technology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Y Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Key Laboratory for Improving Birth Outcome Technique, Shandong Provincial Family Planning Institute of Science and Technology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Y-X Liu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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84
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Garolla A, Šabović I, Tescari S, De Toni L, Menegazzo M, Cosci I, De Filippis V, Giarola M, Foresta C. Impaired sperm function in infertile men relies on the membrane sterol pattern. Andrology 2018; 6:325-334. [PMID: 29378089 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Membrane cholesterol removal appears a key step for the gain of fertility potential during sperm maturation. However, the membrane sterol pattern in sperm cells from infertile patients, with impaired sperm parameters, has been poorly investigated. To elucidate a causative link between sperm membrane composition in male fertility, here we have investigated the levels of cholesterol and its oxidized derivatives 7β-hydroxycholesterol and 7-keto-cholesterol in sixteen infertile patients with oligo-asthenozoospermia and 16 normozoospermic (N) fertile subjects. Furthermore, ten of 16 N fertile subjects agreed to receive a defined testicular thermal challenge by adhering to a programme of sauna sessions for 1 month. Semen samples were obtained from each of the participants, and sperm parameters were assessed according to the World Health Organization criteria. Sperm levels of cholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol and 7-keto-cholesterol were quantified by ultra-pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The results showed that oligo-asthenozoospermia patients had a huge amount of cholesterol content compared with fertile subjects (12.40 ± 6.05 μg/106 cells vs. 0.45 ± 0.28 μg/106 cells, p < 0.001, N and oligo-asthenozoospermia, respectively). Also, oxidized derivatives were significantly higher in oligo-asthenozoospermia patients (7β-hydroxycholesterol: 1.96 ± 1.03 ng/106 cells vs. 0.075 ± 0.05 ng/106 cells, p < 0.001 and 7-keto-cholesterol: 1.11 ± 0.72 ng/106 cells vs. 0.005 ± 0.003 ng/106 cells, p < 0.001). Moreover, sauna exposure, in parallel with a progressive worsening of sperm motility parameters, was associated with a reversible increase in sperm cholesterol after the third and fourth week of treatment, whilst 7β-hydroxycholesterol and 7-keto-cholesterol levels showed an earlier enhancement starting from the second week. Our data show for the first time in humans a strong difference in the cholesterol and its oxidized derivatives of infertile and fertile subjects. These findings suggest a strict biochemical link relating testis function, sperm membrane status and male fertility potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garolla
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - I Šabović
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - S Tescari
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - L De Toni
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Menegazzo
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - I Cosci
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - V De Filippis
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Giarola
- Center for Technological Platforms, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - C Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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85
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Abstract
Obesity is a highly prevalent non-communicable disease worldwide and is commonly associated with male infertility. Several etiopathological theories have been mentioned in the literature by which obesity affects spermatogenesis, thus affecting the male fertility potential. Mechanisms for explaining the effect of obesity on male infertility include endocrinopathy, increased aromatization activity, associated erectile dysfunction, psychological and thermal effects, obstructive sleep apnea, increased leptin and oxygen free radicals, and associated inflammatory and obstructive elements of epididymitis. Treatment of such a complex problem includes weight reduction (by lifestyle modification and increased physical activity), optimization of altered testosterone-to-estradiol ratio using aromatase inhibitors and/or gonadotropins, treatment of associated comorbidities by phosphodiesterase inhibitors for erectile dysfunction, and insulin-sensitizing agents for the management of diabetes. The aim of this mini-review is to highlight the pathological basis of this problem and to focus on obesity as an etiology of male infertility.
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86
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Kim KII, Jo J. The effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment in male patients with infertility: a study protocol for a prospective observational pilot study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9696. [PMID: 29369195 PMCID: PMC5794379 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Male factor subfertility has increasingly been considered the cause of infertility in couples. Many men with male infertility have sperm problems such as oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, or teratozoospermia. Because abnormal semen parameters are idiopathic to some extent, no standard therapy has been established to date. Herbal medicine has been reported to have beneficial properties in the treatment of subfertility, especially in improving semen quality both in vivo and in human studies. Therefore, we intend to investigate the effectiveness and safety of treatment using Korean medicine (KM) for infertile male patients with poor semen quality.This will be a single-center, prospective, case-only observational pilot study. About 20 male patients with infertility who visit Conmaul Hospital of Korean Medicine will be recruited. We will follow the standard treatment protocol, which has shown good results in the treatment of male infertility. The protocol is composed mainly of a 10-week herbal decoction treatment; acupuncture and/or pharmacopuncture are added when needed. Semen samples, quality of life, and the scrotal temperatures of infertile men will be observed before and after the 10-week treatment with KM.The study has received ethical approval from the Public Institutional Review Board (approval number: P01-201708-21-008). The findings will be disseminated to appropriate audiences via peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION Korean Clinical Trial Registry (CRIS), Republic of Korea: KCT0002611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-II Kim
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Junyoung Jo
- Department of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology, Conmaul Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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87
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans-Christian Schuppe
- Funktionsbereich Andrologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH - Standort Gießen, Standort Gießen, Deutschland
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88
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Halder S, Sarkar M, Dey S, Kumar Bhunia S, Ranjan Koley A, Giri B. Protective effects of red grape (Vitis vinifera) juice through restoration of antioxidant defense, endocrine swing and Hsf1, Hsp72 levels in heat stress induced testicular dysregulation of Wister rat. J Therm Biol 2017; 71:32-40. [PMID: 29301698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ability of red grape juice (RGJ), a known antioxidant, on testis of adult Wister rat to protect from oxidative stress induced damages by heat stress has been investigated in this study. Heat stress was induced maintaining body and testicular temperature at 43°C for 30min/day for 15 days using a hyperthermia induction chamber. Four groups of rats (n=6 per group) comprising of Group-I (control) -kept at 32°C, Group-II -exposed to heat stress alone, Group-III received RGJ (0.8ml/rat/day) alone and Group-IV -exposed to heat stress and received RGJ at same dose. Analysis of blood and testicular tissue exhibited significant reduction in serum testosterone, testicular superoxide dismutase, testicular catalase and testicular glutathione (all p < 0.001); whereas, significant rise in the level of serum corticosteroid, testicular lipid peroxidase and the apoptotic enzyme caspase-3 of testis (all p < 0.001) were observed along with substantial increase in testicular Hsp72 and Hsf-1, and decrease in 17β-HSD3 were noted in heat stressed rats compared to controls. In Group-IV rats, RGJ administration could restore these parameters to normal levels. The signs of retention were clear in Group-IV rats and found to be significantly different as compared to that of the Group-II rats. In testicular histology of rats exposed to heat stress alone revealed remarkable germ cell degeneration and tubular deformations which were prevented by RGJ treatment (Group-IV). The reduced number of sperm level in Group-II also restored in RGJ treatment (Group-IV). The above results indicate that consumption of RGJ may substantially protect testis from heat stress induce dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Halder
- Experimental Medicine & Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Mrinmoy Sarkar
- Experimental Medicine & Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Sananda Dey
- Experimental Medicine & Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India; Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India
| | - Sujay Kumar Bhunia
- Experimental Medicine & Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Alok Ranjan Koley
- Experimental Medicine & Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Biplab Giri
- Experimental Medicine & Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India; Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Mokdumpur, Malda 732103, India.
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89
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Clavijo RI, Carrasquillo R, Ramasamy R. Varicoceles: prevalence and pathogenesis in adult men. Fertil Steril 2017; 108:364-369. [PMID: 28865534 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Varicocele, or dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus, affects up to 15% of men. However, few of these men encounter problems with fertility. This discrepancy between men with varicocele and the number of adversely affected men has led to abundant research to identify the mechanisms for formation of varicocele as well as the pathologic mechanisms by which varicoceles affect fertility potential. In this review, we discuss the prevalence of varicocele in adults, the anatomic features of varicocele, the leading theories as to how varicocele can negatively affect fertility potential, and finally, the current literature on the impact of varicocele on testosterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul I Clavijo
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert Carrasquillo
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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90
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Lalinde-Acevedo PC, Mayorga-Torres BJM, Agarwal A, du Plessis SS, Ahmad G, Cadavid ÁP, Cardona Maya WD. Physically Active Men Show Better Semen Parameters than Their Sedentary Counterparts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2017; 11:156-165. [PMID: 28868837 PMCID: PMC5582143 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2017.4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background The quality of semen depends upon several factors such as environment,
life style, physical activity, age, and occupation. The aim of this study was to analyze and
compare the conventional and functional semen parameters in men practicing vigorous
physical activity to those of sedentary men. Materials and Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, semen samples of 17
physically active men and 15 sedentary men were collected for analysis. Semen analysis
was performed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, while
functional parameters were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results Results showed that several semen parameters (semen volume, viability, progressive motility, total motility, normal morphology, and moribund cells) were superior
in the physically active group in comparison with the sedentary group. Semen parameters
such as viability, progressive motility and total motility, as well as the percentage of moribund spermatozoa were significantly different between both groups. However, sperm
DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial potential were not significantly different among the groups. Conclusion Nevertheless, the physical activity shows better semen parameters than sedentary group. Taken together, our results demonstrate that regular physical activity has
beneficial impact in sperm fertility parameters and such a life style can enhance the fertility status of men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C Lalinde-Acevedo
- Reproduction Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical School, University of Antioquia, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - B Jose Manuel Mayorga-Torres
- Reproduction Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical School, University of Antioquia, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan S du Plessis
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Gulfam Ahmad
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ángela P Cadavid
- Reproduction Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical School, University of Antioquia, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Walter D Cardona Maya
- Reproduction Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical School, University of Antioquia, Antioquia, Colombia.
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91
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Tournaye H, Krausz C, Oates RD. Concepts in diagnosis and therapy for male reproductive impairment. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5:554-564. [PMID: 27395770 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An accurate medical history and directed physical examination are essential in diagnosis of male infertility. We review the hormonal assessments and specific genetic analyses that are useful additional tests, and detail other evidence-based examinations that are available to help guide therapeutic strategies. By contrast with female infertility treatments-especially hormonal manipulations to stimulate or enhance oocyte production-spermatogenesis and sperm quality abnormalities are much more difficult to affect positively. In general, a healthy lifestyle can improve sperm quality. A few men have conditions in which evidence-based therapies can increase their chances for natural conception. In this second of two papers in The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology Series on male reproductive impairment, we examine the agreements and controversies that surround several of these conditions. When we are not able to cure, correct, or mitigate the cause of conditions such as severe oligozoospermia, non-remedial ductal obstruction, and absence of sperm fertilising ability, assisted reproductive technologies, such as in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), can be used as an adjunctive measure to allow for biological paternity. Not considered possible just two decades ago, azoospermia due to testicular failure, including 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome), is now treatable in approximately 50% of cases when combining surgical harvesting of testicular sperm and ICSI. Although genetic fatherhood is now possible for many men previously considered sterile, it is crucial to discover and abrogate causes as best possible, provide reliable and evidenced-based therapy, consider seriously the health and wellness of any offspring conceived, and always view infertility as a possible symptom of a more general or constitutional disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Tournaye
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of the Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Csilla Krausz
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert D Oates
- Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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92
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Ali Mohamed MS. A new strategy and system for the ex vivo ovary perfusion and cryopreservation: An innovation. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.15.6.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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93
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Pourmasumi S, Sabeti P, Rahiminia T, Mangoli E, Tabibnejad N, Talebi AR. The etiologies of sperm DNA abnormalities in male infertility: An assessment and review. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.15.6.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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94
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Naz M, Kamal M. Classification, causes, diagnosis and treatment of male infertility: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-017-0269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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95
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Dagur G, Gandhi J, Suh Y, Weissbart S, Sheynkin YR, Smith NL, Joshi G, Khan SA. Classifying Hydroceles of the Pelvis and Groin: An Overview of Etiology, Secondary Complications, Evaluation, and Management. Curr Urol 2017; 10:1-14. [PMID: 28559772 DOI: 10.1159/000447145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A hydrocele is defined as the pathological buildup of serous fluid in the pelvis and groin due to various etiologies such as diseases or trauma. It has distinct clinical manifestations, particularly discomfort and psychosocial distress. Understanding the anatomy, embryology, and physiology associated with hydrocele formation is crucial to understand its onset and progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A MEDLINE® search was conducted using keywords for the relevant classification of hydrocele and its etiology, complications, sexual barriers, evaluation, and management. RESULTS Appropriately classifying the hydrocele as primary, secondary communicating, secondary noncommunicating, microbe-induced, inflammatory, iatrogenic, trauma-induced, tumor-induced, canal of Nuck, congenital, and giant is important for identifying the underlying etiology. Often this process is overlooked when the classification or etiology is too rare. A focused evaluation is important for this, so that timely management can be provided. We comprehensively review the classifications, etiology, and secondary complications of hydrocele. Pitfalls of current diagnostic techniques are explored along with recommended methods for accurate diagnosis and current treatment options. CONCLUSION Due to the range of classifications and etiologies of hydrocele in the pelvis and groin, a deliberate differential diagnosis is essential to avoiding imminent life-threatening complications as well as providing the appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Dagur
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, N.Y., USA
| | - Jason Gandhi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, N.Y., USA
| | - Yiji Suh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, N.Y., USA
| | - Steven Weissbart
- Department of Urology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, N.Y., USA.,Women's Pelvic Health & Continence Center, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, N.Y., USA
| | - Yefim R Sheynkin
- Department of Urology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, N.Y., USA
| | | | - Gargi Joshi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, N.Y., USA
| | - Sardar Ali Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, N.Y., USA.,Department of Urology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, N.Y., USA
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Tremellen K, McPhee N, Pearce K. Metabolic endotoxaemia related inflammation is associated with hypogonadism in overweight men. Basic Clin Androl 2017; 27:5. [PMID: 28286655 PMCID: PMC5341351 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-017-0049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with both impaired testosterone production and a chronic state of low grade inflammation. Previously it was believed that this inflammation was mediated by a decline in the immunosuppressive action of testosterone. However, more recently an alternative hypothesis (GELDING theory) has suggested that inflammation originating from the passage of intestinal bacteria into the circulation (metabolic endotoxaemia) may actually be the cause of impaired testicular function in obese men. The aim of this study is to investigate if metabolic endotoxaemia, as quantified by serum Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP), is associated with impaired testicular endocrine function. METHODS A total of 50 men aged between 21 and 50 years (mean 35.1 ± 6.8 years) were assessed for adiposity (BMI, waist circumference and % body fat using bio-impedance), inflammatory status (serum CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and LBP) and testicular endocrine function (serum testosterone, estradiol, AMH, LH and FSH). Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation analysis, with log transformation of data where appropriate, and multi-variate regression. RESULTS Overall increasing adiposity (% body fat) was positively associated with metabolic endotoxaemia (LBP, r = 0.366, p = 0.009) and inflammation (CRP r = 0.531, p < 0.001; IL-6 r = 0.463, p = 0.001), while also being negatively correlated with serum testosterone (r = -0.403, p = 0.004). Serum testosterone levels were significantly negatively correlated with inflammation (CRP r = -0.471, p = 0.001; IL-6 r = -0.516, p < 0.001) and endotoxaemia (LBP) after adjusting for serum LH levels (p = -0.317, p = 0.03). Furthermore, serum IL-6 was negatively associated with AMH levels (r = -0.324, p = 0.023), with a negative trend between LBP and AMH also approaching significance (r = -0.267, p = 0.064). CONCLUSIONS Obesity and its associated metabolic endotoxaemia helps initiate a pro-inflammatory state characterised by raised serum IL-6 levels, which in turn is correlated with impairment of both Leydig (testosterone) and Sertoli cell function (AMH). These results open up the potential for new treatments of obesity related male hypogonadism that focus on preventing the endotoxaemia associated chronic inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelton Tremellen
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia.,Repromed, 180 Fullarton Road, Dulwich, South Australia
| | - Natalie McPhee
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia
| | - Karma Pearce
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia
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De Toni L, Garolla A, Menegazzo M, Magagna S, Di Nisio A, Šabović I, Rocca MS, Scattolini V, Filippi A, Foresta C. Heat Sensing Receptor TRPV1 Is a Mediator of Thermotaxis in Human Spermatozoa. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167622. [PMID: 27992447 PMCID: PMC5161326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular bases of sperm thermotaxis, the temperature-oriented cell motility, are currently under investigation. Thermal perception relies on a subclass of the transient receptor potential [TRP] channels, whose member TRPV1 is acknowledged as the heat sensing receptor. Here we investigated the involvement of TRPV1 in human sperm thermotaxis. We obtained semen samples from 16 normozoospermic subjects attending an infertility survey programme, testis biopsies from 6 patients with testicular germ cell cancer and testis fine needle aspirates from 6 patients with obstructive azoospermia undergoing assisted reproductive technologies. Expression of TRPV1 mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR. Protein expression of TRPV1 was determined by western blot, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Sperm motility was assessed by Sperm Class Analyser. Acrosome reaction, apoptosis and intracellular-Ca2+ content were assessed by flow cytometry. We found that TRPV1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the testis, in both Sertoli cells and germ-line cells. Moreover, compared to no-gradient controls at 31°C or 37°C (Ctrl 31°C and Ctrl 37°C respectively), sperm migration towards a temperature gradient of 31–37°C (T gradient) in non-capacitated conditions selected a higher number of cells (14,9 ± 4,2×106 cells T gradient vs 5,1± 0,3×106 cells Ctrl 31°C and 5,71±0,74×106 cells Ctrl 37°C; P = 0,039). Capacitation amplified the migrating capability towards the T gradient. Sperms migrated towards the T gradient showed enriched levels of both TRPV1 protein and mRNA. In addition, sperm cells were able to migrate toward a gradient of capsaicin, a specific agonist of TRPV1, whilst capsazepine, a specific agonist of TRPV1, blocked this effect. Finally, capsazepine severely blunted migration towards T gradient without abolishing. These results suggest that TRPV1 may represent a facilitating mediator of sperm thermotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Toni
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Garolla
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Menegazzo
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Sabina Magagna
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Iva Šabović
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
- IRCCS-Istituto Oncologico Veneto [IOV], Via Gattamelata, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Santa Rocca
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Scattolini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Filippi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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98
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Pectinase-treated Panax ginseng protects against chronic intermittent heat stress-induced testicular damage by modulating hormonal and spermatogenesis-related molecular expression in rats. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:578-588. [PMID: 29021707 PMCID: PMC5628353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated testicular temperature disrupts spermatogenesis and causes infertility. In the present study, the protective effect of enzymatically biotransformed Panax ginseng Meyer by pectinase (GINST) against chronic intermittent heat stress-induced testicular damage in rats was investigated. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats (4 wk old, 60–70 g) were divided into four groups: normal control (NC), heat-stress control (HC), heat-stress plus GINST-100 mg/kg (HG100), and heat-stress plus GINST-200 mg/kg (HG200) treatment groups. Each dose of GINST (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) was mixed separately with a regular pellet diet and was administered orally for 24 wk. For inducing heat stress, rats in the NC group were maintained at 25°C, whereas rats in the HC, HG100, and HG200 groups were exposed to 32 ± 1°C for 2 h daily for 6 mo. At week 25, the testes and serum from each animal were analyzed for various parameters. Results Significant (p < 0.01) changes in the sperm kinematic values and blood chemistry panels were observed in the HC group. Furthermore, spermatogenesis-related molecules, sex hormone receptors, and selected antioxidant enzyme expression levels were also altered in the HC group compared to those in the NC group. GINST (HS100 and HS200) administration significantly (p < 0.05) restored these changes when compared with the HC group. For most of the parameters tested, the HG200 group exhibited potent effects compared with those exhibited by the HG100 group. Conclusion GINST may be categorized as an important medicinal herb and a potential therapeutic for the treatment of male subfertility or infertility caused by hyperthermia.
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Fossum G, Gracia C, La Barbera A, Mersereau J, Odem R, Paulson R, Penzias A, Pisarska M, Rebar R, Reindollar R, Rosen M, Sandlow J, Vernon M. Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2016; 107:52-58. [PMID: 28228319 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This Committee Opinion provides practitioners with suggestions for optimizing the likelihood of achieving pregnancy in couples/individuals attempting conception who have no evidence of infertility. This document replaces the document of the same name previously published in 2013, Fertil Steril 2013;100(3):631-7.
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Affiliation(s)
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- American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
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100
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Abstract
With expanding knowledge on the health benefits of exercise, there is an increasing demand for information on the andrological consequences of participating in sports. These consequences are especially important in the context of infertility problems worldwide. The so-called “male factor” is reported in up to 50% of couples having trouble with conception. The answer to the question, “Is physical activity good for male reproductive health?” is not straightforward. A number of studies have suggested that significant changes in semen parameters may occur due to sports training of certain types, intensities, and durations. The changes to these parameters vary in scope, direction, and magnitude. Findings in recreational athletes have also differed from those in professional athletes. This review of the current literature suggests that intense physical activity may affect the semen concentration, as well as the number of motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa. Training at higher intensities and with increased loads seems to be associated with more profound changes in semen quality. In recreational athletes, exercise has either a positive or neutral effect on semen parameters. Due to many limitations (e.g., global sperm count trends, concerns about the quality control of sperm evaluations, and new standards for semen analysis), comparisons among historical data and their interpretation are difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Jóźków
- 1 University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
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