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Hassan ZK, Hafez MM, Kamel MM, Zekri ARN. Human Papillomavirus Genotypes and Methylation of CADM1, PAX1, MAL and ADCYAP1 Genes in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:169-176. [PMID: 28240513 PMCID: PMC5563095 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.1.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) may play a role in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The aim of this study was to determine any HPV genotypes and correlations to CADM1, PAX1, MAL and ADCYAP1 gene methylation in Egyptian EOC patients. Materials and methods: The prevalence of HR-HPV in 100 formalin fixed paraffin embedded EOC tissues was determined using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6 + primers to amplify a broad spectrum of HPV genotypes in a single reaction. DNA sequencing was applied to identify HPV genotypes for the positive samples. All samples negative for HPV were re-analyzed for HR-HPV and low-risk HPV subtypes using type specific primers. Results: The prevalence of HPV was 10% in our EOC cases. HPV-16 and HPV-18 were the predominant genotypes followed by HPV−33, all being associated with advanced stages. Other HR-HPV and low risk HPV genotypes were not found. CADM1 was hypermethylated in 100% of patients infected with HPV-16 and HPV-33 and in 75% of patients infected with HPV-18. Hypermethylation of PAX1 was evident in 80% and in 75% of patients infected with HPV-16 and HPV-18 while MAL was hypermethylated in 100% and ADCYAP1 was hypermethylated in 60% and in 75%, respectively. Conclusion: The presence of high risk HPV genotypes among epithelial ovarian carcinoma may reflect an importance of infection in the pathogenesis of EOC. In HR-HPV infected cancers, DNA methylation may be one of the mechanisms triggering the alteration in CADM1, PAX1, MAL and ADCYAP1 gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab K Hassan
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.
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52
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Wang T, Wu MH, Wu YM, Zhang WY. A Population-based Study of Invasive Cervical Cancer Patients in Beijing: 1993-2008. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:3298-304. [PMID: 26668143 PMCID: PMC4797504 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.171420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the incidence of cervical cancer has been rising, particularly in young adults, as the second most common gynecological cancer in China. The aim of this study was to explore the incidence change and the epidemiological characteristics of cervical cancer in Beijing over the past 16 years. METHODS All the cases of the study were limited to Beijing residents diagnosed with cervical cancer and registered in Beijing from January 1, 1993, to December 31, 2008. A total of 4100 patients with cervical cancer were obtained from the Statistics Database of Beijing Cancer Registry (BJCaR). According to the registered data, we retrospectively reviewed all original cases which we can acquired in reported hospital. Cervical situ cancer, cervical metastatic cancer, non-Beijing residents and repeatedly registered cases were excluded. Totally, 3641 registered cases were verified correctly. Meanwhile, we also collected the following data: Age, occupation, detected methods, histological type, and staging. The trends of incidence and mortality were analyzed by Joinpoint Regression Program 4.1.1.1 produced by National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA). The annual percent change (APC) was calculated using the Joinpoint regression model. RESULTS The crude rates of incidence and mortality were 10.4 and 1.0 per 100,000 women, respectively during 1993 to 2008. The average WHO age-standardized incidence rates were 11.5 per 100,000 women. There was a decrease in incidence annually by 8.0% (P = 0.3) during 1993-1996 and a rapid increase annually by 18.9% after 1999 (P < 0.01). The median age was 67 years in 1993, but the median age decreased to 45 years in 2008. The peak of the age-specific incidence curve was at 40 years in the most recent period (2005-2008), which was 25-30 years earlier than that in previous periods (1993-1996). In the 2224 cases, the numbers of patients with stage I, II, III and IV were 910 (40.9%), 601 (27%), 542 (24.4%), 171 (7.7%), respectively. The percentage of patients with stage I was 7.6% (13/171) in 1993-1996, but the percentage increased to 51.6% (643/1247) in 2005-2008 (P < 0.01). Otherwise the percentage of advanced stage (stage III-IV) during the same period was dropped down significantly from 52.0% (89/171) to 22.5% (280/1247) (P < 0.01). Unemployed and housewife ranked first accounting for 27.3% of the total (607/2224). Urban low-income people such as worker ranked the second accounting for 17.0% (377/2224), the third place was farmer accounting for 14.0% (312/2224). Only 381 (17.1%, 381/2224) women in 2224 were first detected cervical cancer by routine screenings. Company staff (36.5%, 139/381), professional and technical personnel (22.6%, 86/381), national official (22.0%, 84/381) occupied the top three (total 81.1%) in the 381 patients detected cervical cancer by screening. CONCLUSIONS The cervical cancer incidence has showed a continuous rise in Beijing since 1999. Government-led mass screening should target the low socioeconomic population primarily. Meanwhile the government should enhance public health education of cancer screening to increase the rate of screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei-Yuan Zhang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
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Park JK, Shin YS. Risk Factors for Urethral Condyloma among Heterosexual Young Male Patients with Condyloma Acuminatum of Penile Skin. Infect Chemother 2016; 48:216-218. [PMID: 27659432 PMCID: PMC5048003 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2016.48.3.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To our knowledge, this is the first study that focuses on risk factor of urethral condyloma (UC). The subjects of our study included genital warts patients who had been diagnosed as having condyloma acuminatum of penile skin (CAPS) with/without UC. Relationship with UC of number of life time female partners, co-infection with urethritis, circumcision status, number of CAPS and wart diameter were studied by use of multivariate analysis. Co-infection with urethritis, circumcision status were risk factors of UC in heterosexual young male patients with CAPS. This information will be helpful for providing more professional counseling to patients with genital warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kwan Park
- Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Medical Device Clinical Trial Center of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yu Seob Shin
- Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Medical Device Clinical Trial Center of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Urology, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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54
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Borena W, Grünberger M, Widschwendter A, Kraxner KH, Marth E, Mayr P, Meier J, Ruth N, Guerrero AT, Marth C, Holm-von Laer D. Pre-vaccine era cervical human papillomavirus infection among screening population of women in west Austria. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:889. [PMID: 27565569 PMCID: PMC5002092 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In order to evaluate the newly implemented gender-neutral HPV vaccination program, knowledge on the pre-vaccine prevalence of HPV infection is of paramount importance. Data on HPV infection among the women with no known previous cytological abnormalities are inexistent in Austria. This study presents data on the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes among women with no known cytological abnormalities in west Austria. Methods Women between 18 and 65 years of age attending annual cervical cancer screening examinations were included in the study. Data on socio-demographic and reproductive factors were collected using structured questionnaires. Corresponding cervical swab samples were tested for the presence of HPV DNA and were genotyped. Questionnaire data and HPV status were linked with the corresponding cytological findings. Results A total of 542 women were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 35.9 (SD = 11.5). The prevalence of HPV infection was 20.5 %. HPV 16 (6.5 %), HPV 33 (3.3 %) and HPV 31 (3.0 %) were the dominant genotypes detected. Multivariate analysis showed that women younger than 30 years of age, smokers, women with a higher number of lifetime sexual partners and those living in the eastern districts of the study region were at significantly higher risk of HPV infection. Conclusions With this study we present the first data on the prevalence of cervical HPV genotypes among a screening population in Austria. The results not only fill the missing information on HPV infection in this group of women in the country, they also provide baseline data for a future evaluation of the impact of the Austrian gender-neutral HPV immunization program. Moreover, our finding of higher HPV prevalence in the eastern compared to the western district of the study region may – at least partly – explain the east–west gradient in the standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer in the region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3581-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wegene Borena
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Margarethe Grünberger
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Widschwendter
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aida Tort Guerrero
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Marth
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dorothee Holm-von Laer
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Cinar O, Suat Bolat M, Akdeniz E, Sahinkaya N. A rare cause of acute urinary retention in women: meatal condyloma accuminata, a case report. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 24:87. [PMID: 27642426 PMCID: PMC5012721 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.24.87.9751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute urinary retention in women is a rarely seen phenomenon due to pharmacological, neuromuscular, anatomical, functional and infectious causes. Human papillomaviruses causing condyloma acuminata is one of the rarely reported viral infectious cause of acute urinary retention in case reports. A 45-year-old woman with acute urinary retention was found to have a round solid lesion on external urethral meatus. Histopathological examination revealed as condyloma acuminata. Urethral condyloma can be treated by local excision as an effective method for early improvement of voiding function. Even if the genital condyloma can be locally excised, patients should be referred to the gynecologists for cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Cinar
- Department of Urology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Suat Bolat
- Department of Urology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Akdeniz
- Department of Urology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Necmettin Sahinkaya
- Department of Urology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
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Cheikh A, El Majjaoui S, Ismaili N, Cheikh Z, Bouajaj J, Nejjari C, El Hassani A, Cherrah Y, Benjaafar N. Evaluation of the cost of cervical cancer at the National Institute of Oncology, Rabat. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 23:209. [PMID: 27347298 PMCID: PMC4907759 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.23.209.7750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Cervical Cancer (CC) is one of the heavy and costly diseases for the population and the health system. We want to know through this study, the first in Morocco, the annual cost of the treatment of this disease at the National Institute of Oncology (NIO) in Rabat, we also want to explore the possibility of flat-rate management of this disease in order to standardize medical practices and improve reimbursement by health insurance funds. Methods 550 patients were treated for their cervical cancer in the Rabat's NIO. Data of all of medical and surgical services offered to patients were collected from the NIO registry. The cost of care was assessed using the method of micro-costing. We will focus to the total direct cost of all the services lavished to patients in NIO. Results The global cost was about US$ 1,429,673 with an average estimated at US$ 2,599 ± US$ 839. Radiotherapy accounts for 55% of total costs, followed by brachytherapy (27%) and surgery (7%). This three services plus chemotherapy influence the overall cost of care (p <0.001). Other services (radiology, laboratory tests and consultations) represent only 10%. The overall cost is influenced by the stage of the disease, this cost decreased significantly evolving in the stage of CC (p <0.001). Conclusion The standardization of medical practices is essential to the equity and efficiency in access to care. The flat-rate or lump sum by stage of disease is possible and interesting for standardizing medical practices and improving the services of the health insurance plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Cheikh
- Team of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Department of pharmacy, International Hospital Cheikh Zaid, Rabat, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine, Abulcasis University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sanaa El Majjaoui
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nabil Ismaili
- Department of oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Zakia Cheikh
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jamal Bouajaj
- Department of Radiotherapy, International Hospital Cheikh Zaid, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Chakib Nejjari
- National Institute of Public Health, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Fes, Morocco
| | - Amine El Hassani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Head of Hospital, International Hospital Cheikh Zaid, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yahya Cherrah
- Team of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Benjaafar
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Ma C, Zeng C, Jin L, Yang Y, Li P, Chen L, Wang J. GSK3β mediates the carcinogenic effect of HPV16 in cervical cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16555. [PMID: 26560046 PMCID: PMC4642308 DOI: 10.1038/srep16555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent and fatal cancers among women and infection of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most important risk factor. This study investigated how HPV16 regulated GSK3β expression and function to promote cervical cancers. The expression of GSK3β was analyzed by quantitative PCR and western blot. The proliferation, invasion, and clonogenic survival of cells with different E6/E7 levels were measured by MTT, transwell invasion assays, and soft agar colony-forming assays, respectively. The levels of GSK3β were correlated with the copy numbers and expression levels of HPV16 E6/E7 genes. HPV16 E6/E7 genes regulated GSK3β transcription through an element located in the promoter 85 and 250 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. The abilities of cell proliferation, invasion, and clonogenic survival were increased in C33A cells by ectopic HPV16 E6/E7 and decreased in CaSki cells by knocking down HPV16 E6/E7 levels. Meanwhile, LiCl increased GSK3β transcript levels and the proliferation of CaSki cells in a HPV16-dependent manner. These data indicated that GSK3β may participated in HPV16 mediated deregulation of wnt/β-catenin and other signaling pathways promoting the progression and invasion of cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Chenglong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Liangfeng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China
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Wang N, Wei H, Yin D, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Ma X, Zhang S. MicroRNA-195 inhibits proliferation of cervical cancer cells by targeting cyclin D1a. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4711-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Al Moustafa AE, Al-Awadhi R, Missaoui N, Adam I, Durusoy R, Ghabreau L, Akil N, Ahmed HG, Yasmeen A, Alsbeih G. Human papillomaviruses-related cancers. Presence and prevention strategies in the Middle east and north African regions. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:1812-21. [PMID: 25424787 DOI: 10.4161/hv.28742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are estimated to be the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Meanwhile, it is well established that infection by high-risk HPVs is considered the major cause of cervical cancer since more than 96% of these cancers are positive for high-risk HPVs, especially types 16 and 18. Moreover, during the last 2 decades, numerous studies pointed-out the possible involvement of high-risk HPV in several human carcinomas including head and neck, colorectal and breast cancers. The association between high-risk HPVs and cervical cancer and potentially other human malignancies would necessitate the introduction of vaccines which were generated against the 2 most frequent high-risk HPVs (types 16 and 18) worldwide, including the Middle East (ME) as well as North African countries. The presence of high-risk HPVs in the pathogenesis of human cancers in the ME, which is essential in order to evaluate the importance of vaccination against HPVs, has not been fully investigated yet. In this review, we present an overview of the existing epidemiological evidence regarding the presence of HPV in human cancers in the ME and the potential impact of vaccination against HPV infections and its outcome on human health in this region.
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Ndoua CCN, Tebeu PM, Kemfang JD, Kasia JM. [Evaluation of results after treatment of cervical intraepithelial lesions by cryotherapy: a preliminary study at the University Hospital Centre in Yaounde: report of 21 cases]. Pan Afr Med J 2015; 20:225. [PMID: 26140068 PMCID: PMC4482521 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.225.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nous rapportons les résultats d'une série de 21 cas de prise en charge par cryothérapie de lésions intra-épithéliales cervicales au Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) de Yaoundé. Notre objectif principal était d’évaluer les résultats préliminaires de la prise en charge des lésions précancéreuses éligibles pour la cryothérapie. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive qui s'est étalée sur 24 mois. Etaient inclus dans l’étude toutes les femmes traitées par cryothérapie. Nous avons exclu les patientes traitées par une autre méthode, les patientes perdues de vue et les dossiers incomplets. Le statut cervical a été déterminé à 6 semaines, 6 mois et 12 mois. Les complications précoces et tardives ont également été répertoriées. Au total 95.2% des lésions étaient cicatrisées à 6 semaines. A 6 mois, toutes les lésions avaient disparu et au 12ème mois, la guérison était effective chez 95.2% des patientes. Les saignements et l'hydrorrhée étaient les principales complications tardives avec des fréquences respectives de 66.7% et 95.2%. Aucun cas de sténose cervicale n'a été répertorié. La cryothérapie peut être utilisée comme méthode de traitement pour des lésions précancéreuses du col.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Cyrille Noa Ndoua
- Faculté de Médecine et Sciences Biomédicales de l'Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroun ; Centre Hospitalier de Recherche et d'Application de la Chirurgie Endoscopique et de la Reproduction Humaine, Cameroun
| | - Pierre Marie Tebeu
- Faculté de Médecine et Sciences Biomédicales de l'Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroun ; Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Jean Dupont Kemfang
- Faculté de Médecine et Sciences Biomédicales de l'Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroun ; Hôpital Général de Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Jean Marie Kasia
- Faculté de Médecine et Sciences Biomédicales de l'Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroun ; Centre Hospitalier de Recherche et d'Application de la Chirurgie Endoscopique et de la Reproduction Humaine, Cameroun ; Hôpital Général de Yaoundé, Cameroun
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Hakima L, Adler E, Prystowsky M, Schiff B, Schlecht N, Fox A, Suhrland M, Khader SN. Hybrid Capture 2 human papillomavirus testing of fine needle aspiration cytology of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Diagn Cytopathol 2015; 43:683-7. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Hakima
- Department of Pathology; Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
| | - Esther Adler
- Department of Pathology; Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
| | | | - Bradley Schiff
- Department of Otolaryngology; Head & Neck Surgery; Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
| | - Nicolas Schlecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health; Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
| | - Amy Fox
- Department of Pathology; Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
| | - Mark Suhrland
- Department of Pathology; Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
| | - Samer N. Khader
- Department of Pathology; Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
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Tuncer HA, Kirnap M, Dursun P, Ayhan A, Moray G, Haberal M. Cervical Carcinoma in a Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2015; 14:100-2. [PMID: 25807337 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2014.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A range of cancer types, at increased rates, is described in renal transplant recipients receiving immunosuppression. Aside from immunodeficiency, heightened medical surveillance for cancer, lifestyle, and other risk factors all play a role. Although the relation between cancer risk and degree of immunodeficiency might not be linear, and might be different for a wide range of cancer subtypes, human papillomavirus-related cancers in long-term transplant recipients may suggest the role of even modest immunosuppression, when present long enough. High-risk human papillomavirus types are recognized as the cause of cancer of the cervix. We report a 49-year-old female renal transplant recipient diagnosed with cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 5 years after the transplant. Based on this patient, we highlight difficulties in surgical approach and the importance of close clinical follow-up including regular gynecologic screening for cervical premalignant and malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Aykut Tuncer
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Immune Escape and Immunotherapy of HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer: Has the Future Arrived? CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-015-0079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Li JG, Li L, Zhang SW, Wei X. HPV16E7-Specific siRNA Inhibits Cell Proliferation in CaSki Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:529-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Methylation in the promoters of HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes is associated with cervical cancer in Uygur women in Xinjiang. Int J Biol Markers 2014; 29:e354-62. [PMID: 25198553 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the suitability of HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes as biomarkers for the early detection of cervical cancer in Uygur women in Xinjiang, China. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and HPV (HPV16 and HPV18)-specific PCR were performed on 110 cervical samples: 40 normal cervices, 10 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1), 10 CIN2, 10 CIN3 and 40 cervical cancer tissues. The expression of the 2 genes was measured by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in 10 methylation-positive and 10 methylation-negative cervical tissues. We found that both HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes were methylated in 38 of the 40 cervical cancer tissues, 9 of the 10 CIN3, and 6 of the 10 CIN2. In contrast, methylation of these 2 genes was found in only 1 of the 40 normal tissues and none of 10 CIN1. Furthermore, hypermethylated HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes were correlated with infection with HPV16 and HPV18 in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and cervical cancer (both p<0.05). The expression of HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes was lower in the methylation-positive cervical tissues than in the methylation-negative cervical tissues. Our results indicate that HS3ST2 and CCNA1 genes may play important roles in HPV-induced cervical cancer and that patients with specific hypermethylated genes may have a greater risk of progressing to invasive cervical cancer.
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Chen Y, Williams V, Filippova M, Filippov V, Duerksen-Hughes P. Viral carcinogenesis: factors inducing DNA damage and virus integration. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:2155-86. [PMID: 25340830 PMCID: PMC4276961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6042155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are the causative agents of 10%-15% of human cancers worldwide. The most common outcome for virus-induced reprogramming is genomic instability, including accumulation of mutations, aberrations and DNA damage. Although each virus has its own specific mechanism for promoting carcinogenesis, the majority of DNA oncogenic viruses encode oncogenes that transform infected cells, frequently by targeting p53 and pRB. In addition, integration of viral DNA into the human genome can also play an important role in promoting tumor development for several viruses, including HBV and HPV. Because viral integration requires the breakage of both the viral and the host DNA, the integration rate is believed to be linked to the levels of DNA damage. DNA damage can be caused by both endogenous and exogenous factors, including inflammation induced by either the virus itself or by co-infections with other agents, environmental agents and other factors. Typically, cancer develops years to decades following the initial infection. A better understanding of virus-mediated carcinogenesis, the networking of pathways involved in transformation and the relevant risk factors, particularly in those cases where tumorigenesis proceeds by way of virus integration, will help to suggest prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of virus-mediated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Vonetta Williams
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Maria Filippova
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Valery Filippov
- Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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Hebnes JB, Olesen TB, Duun-Henriksen AK, Munk C, Norrild B, Kjaer SK. Prevalence of genital human papillomavirus among men in Europe: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sex Med 2014; 11:2630-44. [PMID: 25088239 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the commonest sexually transmitted infection worldwide and causes substantial morbidity in both sexes. Most European countries offer HPV vaccination for girls, but vaccine recommendations for boys are warranted. AIMS The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of genital HPV, identify parameters that affect the prevalence, and describe the type-specific prevalence among men in Europe. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature in PubMed and Embase. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Genital HPV prevalence and factors influencing prevalence in general and high-risk male populations in Europe. RESULTS We included 31 articles that gave the prevalence of genital HPV DNA among men in northern, southern and western Europe; no studies from eastern Europe were identified. The pooled HPV prevalence among 1,863 men representing the general population (nine studies) was 12.4%, with large heterogeneity between studies (I(2) = 96.3%, P < 0.0001). The pooled HPV prevalence among 6,428 men in the high-risk population (22 studies) was 30.9%, also with substantial heterogeneity (I(2) = 95.6%, P < 0.0001). In unadjusted meta-regression analysis, the HPV prevalence in the general population was significantly higher in studies published after 2000 (28.5%) than in earlier studies (8.8%) (P = 0.0179). In the meta-regression analysis adjusted by publication year, the heterogeneity in the two population groups could not be explained by geographical region, anatomical sampling site, or HPV detection method. HPV16 was the most prevalent high-risk type in both populations. CONCLUSIONS HPV prevalence differs in male general and high-risk populations, but HPV16 and HPV18 are among the most common HPV types detected in both groups. Our findings contribute knowledge that may be useful as a baseline measure before the introduction of HPV vaccination for boys in Europe, and add to understanding of the epidemiology of HPV infection in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie B Hebnes
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Corr BR, Behbakht K, Spillman MA. Gynecologic biopsy for molecular profiling: a review for the interventional radiologist. Semin Intervent Radiol 2014; 30:417-24. [PMID: 24436571 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1359738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The interventional radiologist is often asked to obtain multiple biopsies of gynecological malignancies for genetic profiling. This article reviews the current indications for gynecological biopsy as well as how the information gained contributes to a personalized medicine plan for the individual patient. The specific focus of this review is the current knowledge and practice of molecular profiling for gynecological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley R Corr
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kian Behbakht
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Monique A Spillman
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Çetin O, Verit FF, Keskin S, Zebitay AG, Deregözü A, Usta T, Yücel O. Knowledge levels of adolescent girls about human papilloma virus and its vaccine. Turk Arch Pediatr 2014; 49:142-7. [PMID: 26078650 DOI: 10.5152/tpa.2014.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of our study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of the adolescent girls who presented to our clinic about human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and HPV vaccine. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five hundred and one adolescent girls aged between 13 and 18 years who presented to the gynecology outpatient clinic between March 2012 and March 2013 were asked to answer the questions of the questionnaire about HPV and HPV vaccine. The "Participant Information Form" and "HPV Information Assessment Form" were used by examination of the related literature by the investigators. The data obtained were entered into the computer using the SPSS 16.5 program and evaluated. Descriptive statistics were shown with mean, standard deviation, number and percentage values. RESULTS The mean age of 501 subjects who were included into the study was 15.92 years. 390 subjects (77.8%) who were included in the study had no information about HPV. 111 subjects (22.2%) stated that they heard of HPV before or had information about HPV. The mean age of the subjects who had information about human papilloma virus was found to be 16.52 years. The mean age of 390 subjects (77.8%) who had no information about human papilloma virus was 15.75 years. It was found that only one of the subjects (0.9%) was vaccinated with HPV vaccine. When the subjects who did not wish to be vaccinated were asked for the reason, 40.9% stated that the reason was inadequate information, 26.4% stated that the reason was high cost, 16.4% stated that the reason was the fact that they did not consider themselves at risk and 16.4% stated that the reason was the fact that they were afraid of side effects. CONCLUSIONS In our study, it was found that the adolescent girls who constituted our study group had insufficient information about HPV and HPV vaccine. Verbal, written and visual communication tools and internet should be used intensively and efficiently for the objective of introducing HPV vaccine and teaching the precautions related with prevention of cervix cancer in terms of public health. Primarily pediatrician and gynecologists and family physicians who give service for the adolescence age group should be supported to develop appropriate attitudes and behaviors related with HPV vaccine and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orkun Çetin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Süleymaniye Maternity Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ferda Verit
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Süleymaniye Maternity Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Keskin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Süleymaniye Maternity Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Galip Zebitay
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Süleymaniye Maternity Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Deregözü
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Süleymaniye Maternity Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Usta
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Yücel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Süleymaniye Maternity Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Laprano TDR, Lemos EH, Cunha LMP, Júnior JE, de SousaTeles RA, Rabenhorst SHB. Association of TP53 codon 72 and intron 3 16-bp Ins/Del polymorphisms with cervical cancer risk. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7435-40. [PMID: 24782034 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer incidence has grown worldwide, with it being a more significant problem in developing countries. Invasive squamous cell cervical cancers are preceded by a long phase of preinvasive disease, known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cervical cancer can develop when the virus takes advantage of any TP53 gene dysfunction of the host organism. TP53 is responsible for encoding the tumor suppressor p53 phosphoprotein, which helps preserve genome integrity. Currently, many studies have focused on genetic polymorphisms as an important contribution to cancer susceptibility, but few related to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Thus, the present study aimed to see whether patients with suspected CIN had TP53 gene polymorphisms that might have contributed to the development of neoplasia. This study included 133 women who were referred to the Cervical Pathology Clinic of the Maternity School Assis Chateaubriand MEAC for suspected cervical lesions. Polymorphism genotyping was carried out by the PCR-RFLP technique using DNA extracted from patients' blood. The most frequent genotype in both CIN(+) and CIN(-) patients was Arg/Pro TP53 codon 72 and A1A1 for 16-bp Del in intron 3. No risk of cervical cancer was found for the polymorphisms studied. However, a significant association was found when the two polymorphisms were combined: patients with the A1A1/ArgPro genotype were statistically more frequent in the CIN(-) group (p = 0.042), while A2A2-A1A2/ProArg was significantly more frequent in the CIN(+) group. The results of our study suggest that combined analysis of TP53 polymorphisms Arg72Pro and 16-bp Ins/Del may help to monitor the development of CIN in Brazilian women.
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Female urethral condyloma causing bladder outlet obstruction. Int Neurourol J 2014; 18:42-4. [PMID: 24729927 PMCID: PMC3983509 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2014.18.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In women, urethral condyloma rarely leads to a bladder outlet obstruction. A 39-year-old woman who presented with frequency, urgency, and residual urine sensation was found to have a condyloma in her urethral meatus. Urodynamic study indicated bladder outlet obstruction. After condyloma excision, she returned to normal voiding, and the free maximum flow rate improved. In women, excision of urethral condylomas that cause obstruction can be an effective treatment with early recovery of voiding function.
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Kominkova M, Michalek P, Guran R, Cernei N, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Anyz J, Zitka O, Stepankova O, Pikula J, Adam V, Beklova M, Kizek R. From Amino Acids Profile to Protein Identification: Searching for Differences in Roe Deer Papilloma. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Cervical cancer, a potentially preventable disease, remains the second most common malignancy in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus is the single most important etiological agent in cervical cancer, contributing to neoplastic progression through the action of viral oncoproteins, mainly E6 and E7, which interfere with critical cell cycle pathways, p53 and retinoblastoma. However, evidence suggests that human papillomavirus infection alone is insufficient to induce malignant changes and that other host genetic variations are important in the development of cervical cancer. This article will discuss the latest molecular profiling techniques available and review the published literature relating to their role in the diagnosis and management of cervical dysplasia and cancer. It is hoped that these techniques will allow the detection of novel biomarkers at DNA, RNA, microRNA and protein levels, which may ultimately play a role in facilitating early disease diagnosis and in predicting response to therapies, thus allowing the development of personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara M Martin
- Department of Pathology, Coombe Women's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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74
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Chen J, Qin Z, Pan S, Jiang J, Liu L, Liu J, Chen X, Hu Z, Shen H. Genetic variants in RAN, DICER and HIWI of microRNA biogenesis genes and risk of cervical carcinoma in a Chinese population. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 25:565-71. [PMID: 24255581 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2013.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence indicates that dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis is implicated in cancer development and progression. Based on the important role of miRNA biogenesis genes in carcinogenesis, we hypothesized that genetic variations of the miRNA biogenesis genes may modulate susceptibility to cervical cancer. METHODS We identified three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) of of miRNA biogenesis key genes (rs1057035 in DICER, rs3803012 in RAN and rs10773771 in HIWI) and genotyped these SNPs in a case-control study of 1,486 cervical cancer cases and 1,549 cancer-free controls in Chinese women. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses showed that no significant associations were observed between the three SNPs and cervical cancer risk [rs3803012 in RAN AG/GG vs. AA adjusted OR =1.104, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.859-1.419; rs1057035 in DICER CT/CC vs. TT adjusted OR =0.962, 95% CI: 0.805-1.149; rs10773771 in HIWI CT/CC vs. TT adjusted OR =0.963, 95% CI: 0.826-1.122]. CONCLUSIONS The findings did not suggest that genetic variants in the 3'-UTR of RAN, DICER and HIWI of miRNA biogenesis genes were associated with the risk of cervical cancer in this Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; ; Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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75
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Al-Shabanah OA, Hafez MM, Hassan ZK, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Abozeed WN, Al-Rejaie SS, Alsheikh AA. Human papillomavirus genotyping and integration in ovarian cancer Saudi patients. Virol J 2013; 10:343. [PMID: 24252426 PMCID: PMC3842654 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with different malignancies but its role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is controversial. This study investigated the prevalence, genotyping and physical state of HPV in ovarian cancer Saudi patients. Methods Hundred formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) ovarian carcinoma tissues and their normal adjacent tissues (NAT) were included in the study. HPV was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerated HPVL1 consensus primer pairs MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6 + to amplify a broad spectrum of HPV genotypes in a single reaction. The HPV positive samples were further genotyped using DNA sequencing. The physical state of the virus was identified using Amplification of Papillomavirus Oncogene Transcripts (APOT) assay in the samples positive for HPV16 and/or HPV18. Results High percentage of HPV (42%) was observed in ovarian carcinoma compared to 8% in the NAT. The high-risk HPV types 16, 18 and 45 were highly associated with the advanced stages of tumor, while low-risk types 6 and 11 were present in NAT. In malignant tissues, HPV-16 was the most predominant genotype followed by HPV-18 and -45. The percentage of viral integration into the host genome was significantly high (61.1%) compared to 38.9% episomal in HPV positive tumors tissues. In HPV18 genotype the percentage of viral integration was 54.5% compared to 45.5% episomal. Conclusion The high risk HPV genotypes in ovarian cancer may indicate its role in ovarian carcinogenesis. The HPV vaccination is highly recommended to reduce this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed M Hafez
- Department of pharmacology, College of pharmacy; King Saud University, P,O, Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Lebelo RL, Boulet G, Nkosi CM, Bida MN, Bogers JP, Mphahlele MJ. Diversity of HPV types in cancerous and pre-cancerous penile lesions of South African men: Implications for future HPV vaccination strategies. J Med Virol 2013; 86:257-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramokone L. Lebelo
- Department of Virology; University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus and National Health Laboratory Service; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Gaëlle Boulet
- Applied Molecular Biology Research Group; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan Antwerp Belgium
| | - Cornelius M. Nkosi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology; University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus; Pretoria South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service; Dr. George Mukhari Tertiary Laboratory; Pretoria South Africa
| | - Mechack N. Bida
- Department of Anatomical Pathology; University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus; Pretoria South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service; Dr. George Mukhari Tertiary Laboratory; Pretoria South Africa
| | - John-Paul Bogers
- Applied Molecular Biology Research Group; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan Antwerp Belgium
| | - M. Jeffrey Mphahlele
- Department of Virology; University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus and National Health Laboratory Service; Pretoria South Africa
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Denslow SA, Rositch AF, Firnhaber C, Ting J, Smith JS. Incidence and progression of cervical lesions in women with HIV: a systematic global review. Int J STD AIDS 2013; 25:163-77. [PMID: 24216030 DOI: 10.1177/0956462413491735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Global data on cervical lesion incidence and progression in HIV-positive women are essential for understanding the natural history of cervical neoplasia and informing screening policy. A systematic review was performed summarizing the incidence and progression of cervical lesions in HIV-positive women. Of 5882 HIV-positive women from 15 studies, incidence ranged from 4.9 to 21.1 cases per 100 woman-years for any cervical lesion and 0.4 to 8.8 cases per 100 woman-years for high-grade cervical lesions. HIV-positive women showed a median three-fold higher incidence of cervical lesions compared to HIV-negative women. Of 1099 HIV-positive women from 11 studies, progression from low- to high-grade lesions ranged from 1.2 to 26.2 cases per 100 woman-years. Both incidence and progression rates increased with lower CD4 counts. The effect of antiretroviral therapy on the natural history of cervical neoplasia remains unclear. HIV-positive women have higher incidence and progression of cervical neoplasia. Cervical cancer screening should be integrated into HIV treatment programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri A Denslow
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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Deligeoroglou E, Giannouli A, Athanasopoulos N, Karountzos V, Vatopoulou A, Dimopoulos K, Creatsas G. HPV infection: immunological aspects and their utility in future therapy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2013; 2013:540850. [PMID: 24023507 PMCID: PMC3762170 DOI: 10.1155/2013/540850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High prevalence and mortality rates of cervical cancer create an imperative need to clarify the uniqueness of HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection, which serves as the key causative factor in cervical malignancies. Understanding the immunological details and the microenvironment of the infection can be a useful tool for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Chronic infection and progression to carcinogenesis are sustained by immortalization potential of HPV, evasion techniques, and alterations in the microenvironment of the lesion. Inside the lesion, Toll-like receptors expression becomes irregular; Langerhans cells fail to present the antigens efficiently, tumor-associated macrophages aggregate resulting in an unsuccessful immune response by the host. HPV products also downregulate the expression of microenvironment components which are necessary for natural-killer cells response and antigen presentation to cytotoxic cells. Additionally HPV promotes T-helper cell 2 (Th2) and T-regulatory cell phenotypes and reduces Th1 phenotype, leading to suppression of cellular immunity and lesion progression to cancer. Humoral response after natural infection is inefficient, and neutralizing antibodies are not adequate in many women. Utilizing this knowledge, new endeavors, such as therapeutic vaccination, aim to stimulate cellular immune response against the virus and alter the milieu of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimios Deligeoroglou
- Division of Pediatric-Adolescent Gynecology and Reconstructive Surgery, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens University, Medical School, Aretaieion Hospital, Vassilisis, Sofias Avenue 76, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Giannouli
- Division of Pediatric-Adolescent Gynecology and Reconstructive Surgery, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens University, Medical School, Aretaieion Hospital, Vassilisis, Sofias Avenue 76, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Athanasopoulos
- Division of Pediatric-Adolescent Gynecology and Reconstructive Surgery, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens University, Medical School, Aretaieion Hospital, Vassilisis, Sofias Avenue 76, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Karountzos
- Division of Pediatric-Adolescent Gynecology and Reconstructive Surgery, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens University, Medical School, Aretaieion Hospital, Vassilisis, Sofias Avenue 76, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Vatopoulou
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 1st Department of Ob/Gyn Papageorgiou Hospital, University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Perifereiaki Odos Thessalonikis-N, Efkarpias, 564 29 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dimopoulos
- Division of Pediatric-Adolescent Gynecology and Reconstructive Surgery, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens University, Medical School, Aretaieion Hospital, Vassilisis, Sofias Avenue 76, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - George Creatsas
- Division of Pediatric-Adolescent Gynecology and Reconstructive Surgery, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens University, Medical School, Aretaieion Hospital, Vassilisis, Sofias Avenue 76, 11528 Athens, Greece
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Human papillomavirus multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay for the assessment of viral load, integration, and gain of telomerase-related genes in cervical malignancies. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:2410-8. [PMID: 23968641 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the reliability of a novel multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay in detecting integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) based on the viral E2/E6 copy number ratio in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded cervical lesions. The MLPA results were compared with those of amplification of papillomavirus oncogene transcripts for RNA, detection of integrated papillomavirus sequences for DNA, and HPV fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). DNA was isolated from 41 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded HPV-positive cervical lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 lesions, squamous cell carcinomas, and adenocarcinomas) for MLPA analysis. From 13 matching frozen samples, DNA and RNA were isolated for the detection of integrated papillomavirus sequences and/or the amplification of papillomavirus oncogene transcripts, respectively. Integrated HPV16, HPV18, or both were identified. The MLPA assay detected viral integration in 12 of these 13 cases, and episomal copies also were detected in 7 cases. In 20 of the 24 cases with exclusive viral integration or episomal viral copies as detected by FISH, MLPA confirmed the physical status of the virus. In the cases classified as mixed by FISH, the presence of excess episomal copies complicated the recognition of viral integration by MLPA. Furthermore, the feasibility of detecting gain of the telomerase genes with the HPV MLPA assay was evaluated. The MLPA confirmed the FISH data in 12 of 13 cases in which the status of copy number gain for telomerase RNA component was known. In conclusion, the HPV MLPA assay can be performed on routinely processed cervical lesions for the detection of viral load and HPV integration.
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Shafer LA, Jeffrey I, Elias B, Shearer B, Canfell K, Kliewer E. Quantifying the impact of dissimilar HPV vaccination uptake among Manitoban school girls by ethnicity using a transmission dynamic model. Vaccine 2013; 31:4848-55. [PMID: 23933332 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gardasil, a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, began among grade 6 girls in Manitoba, Canada in 2008. In Manitoba, there is evidence that First Nations, Métis, and Inuit women (FNMI) have higher HPV prevalence, lower invasive cervical cancer (ICC) screening, and higher ICC incidence than all other Manitoban (AOM) women. We developed a mathematical model to assess the plausible impact of unequal vaccination coverage among school girls on future cervical cancer incidence. METHODS We fit model estimated HPV prevalence and ICC incidence to corresponding empirical estimates. We used the fitted model to evaluate the impact of varying levels of vaccination uptake by FNMI status on future ICC incidence, assuming cervical screening uptake among FNMI and AOM women remained unchanged. RESULTS Depending on vaccination coverage, estimated ICC incidence by 2059 ranged from 15% to 68% lower than if there were no vaccination. The level of cross-ethnic sexual mixing influenced the impact that vaccination rates among FNMI has on ICC incidence among AOM, and vice versa. The same level of AOM vaccination could result in ICC incidence that differs by up to 10%, depending on the level of FNMI vaccination. Similarly, the same level of FNMI vaccination could result in ICC incidence that differs by almost 40%, depending on the level of AOM vaccination. CONCLUSIONS If we are unable to equalize vaccination uptake among all school girls, policy makers should prepare for higher levels of cervical cancer than would occur under equal vaccination uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Anne Shafer
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes among women in Hunan province, China. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; 170:202-5. [PMID: 23787251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated as a causative factor of cervical cancer. This study aimed to examine HPV genotype distribution and prevalence among women in Hunan province, mid-south China. STUDY DESIGN Cervical samples were collected from 3640 women for cervical cancer screening. Participants were screened by cytology, and HPV genotyping was performed by DNA chip. RESULTS Of the 3640 cases, 22.6% (822/3640) were HPV DNA positive, of whom 19.0% (156/822) had multiple infections and 20.0% (726/3640) were confirmed to have high-risk HPV infection. The most common HPV genotype was HPV-16, followed by -52, -58, -18, -6 and -39. Cytological examination showed that the HPV positive rate was 59.3% (80/135) in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 66.1% (111/168) in women with low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions, 72.6% (106/146) in women with high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions, and 87.2% (68/78) in women with invasive cervical cancer, all of which were significantly higher than the rate in women with normal squamous cells (14.3%, 451/3115). CONCLUSION This is the first study to report the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection among women in Hunan province, China. The findings provide important guidance for a vaccination programme in this region aimed at immunizing women before they are infected with HPV.
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Byg LM, Vidlund J, Vasiljevic N, Clausen D, Forslund O, Norrild B. NF-κB signalling is attenuated by the E7 protein from cutaneous human papillomaviruses. Virus Res 2012; 169:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
For the last five millennia we have been dealing with the annoyance of verrucas. Anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States and is increasing in incidence. As in other gastrointestinal conditions, HPV infection can lead to a stepwise transition from normal cells to dysplastic cells and then to invasive anal cancer. Knowledge of the natural history of HPV infection, risk factors, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic methods gives us the tools to adequately prevent, evaluate, treat, and counsel our patients. In this review, the authors detail the diagnosis, management, and treatment of anal condyloma and anal intraepithelial neoplasia with a focus on prevention, early detection, and treatment using current data and technology.
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Rodriguez-Cerdeira C, Sanchez-Blanco E, Alba A. Evaluation of Association between Vaginal Infections and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Types in Female Sex Workers in Spain. ISRN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2012; 2012:240190. [PMID: 22900198 PMCID: PMC3415090 DOI: 10.5402/2012/240190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background. Infection with and persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) are the strongest risk factors for cervical cancer. In addition, other genital microorganisms may also be involved in the progression of HPV-associated lesions. Objetive. To evaluate the association of the vaginal microbiota (Candida spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, and bacterial vaginosis) with HR-HPV infection in Spanish female sex workers (FSWs). Methods. This cross-sectional study involved 208 (FSWs; age, 18-49 years) who visited a sexually transmitted infection (STI) information and prevention center (SERGAS) between January 2010 and December 2011. Face-to-face interviews were carried out. Cervical and vaginal samples were examined for human papillomavirus (HPV), Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida spp., and microorganisms related to bacterial vaginosis (BV). Results. HR-HPV was found to be significantly associated with BV in FSWs with positive results for HPV16-related types (31, 33, 35, and 52). T. vaginalis was isolated in FSWs with the following HR-HPVs: 18, 45, 66, and 68. Candida spp. were isolated only in FSWs with HPV 18-positive infection. Conclusion. We demonstrate a significant prevalence of HR-HPVs in FSWs with disturbances in the vaginal microbiota.
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Henken FE, Oosterhuis K, Öhlschläger P, Bosch L, Hooijberg E, Haanen JBAG, Steenbergen RDM. Preclinical safety evaluation of DNA vaccines encoding modified HPV16 E6 and E7. Vaccine 2012; 30:4259-66. [PMID: 22554465 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) can result in the formation of anogenital cancers. As hrHPV proteins E6 and E7 are required for cancer initiation and maintenance, they are ideal targets for immunotherapeutic interventions. Previously, we have described the development of DNA vaccines for the induction of HPV16 E6 and E7 specific T cell immunity. These vaccines consist of 'gene-shuffled' (SH) versions of HPV16 E6 and E7 that were fused to Tetanus Toxin Fragment C domain 1 (TTFC) and were named TTFC-E6SH and TTFC-E7SH. Gene-shuffling was performed to avoid the risk of inducing malignant transformation at the vaccination site. Here, we describe the preclinical safety evaluation of these candidate vaccines by analysis of their transforming capacity in vitro using established murine fibroblasts (NIH 3T3 cells) and primary human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs). We demonstrate that neither ectopic expression of TTFC-E6SH and TTFC-E7SH alone or in combination enabled NIH 3T3 cells to form colonies in soft agar. In contrast, expression of HPV16 E6WT and E7WT alone or in combination resulted in effective transformation. Similarly, retroviral transduction of HFKs from three independent donors with both TTFC-E6SH and TTFC-E7SH alone or in combination did not show any signs of immortalization. In contrast, the combined expression of E6WT and E7WT induced immortalization in HFKs from all donors. Based on these results we consider it justified to proceed to clinical evaluation of DNA vaccines encoding TTFC-E6SH and TTFC-E7SH in patients with HPV16 associated (pre)malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Henken
- Department of Pathology, Unit of Molecular Pathology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Burden of invasive cervical cancer in North Carolina. Prev Med 2012; 54:270-6. [PMID: 22342290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cervical cancer causes over 4000 deaths yearly in the United States, although highly preventable through vaccination, screening, and early treatment. We aimed to determine demographic correlates for cervical cancer in North Carolina to identify target populations for interventions and to create a framework for state-level analyses. METHOD Data on all reported invasive cervical cancer cases from 1998 to 2007 were obtained from the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry. Age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates were estimated using population data from the National Center for Health Statistics. RESULTS Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates varied greatly by county and were inversely associated with county prosperity. Hispanic women had the highest incidence rate, black women the highest mortality rate, although white women accounted for most cases. Incidence rates remained fairly steady above age 35 and mortality rates steadily increased with age. A later stage at diagnosis was more common for older women and for women without private insurance. CONCLUSION Registry-based assessment illustrates the economic, racial, and age disparities associated with cervical cancer. This localized focus on demographic correlates is an important step toward eliminating this preventable disease and offers a template for cervical cancer prevention programs in other states.
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Morrison WB. Inflammation and cancer: a comparative view. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 26:18-31. [PMID: 22151229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rudolph Virchow first speculated on a relationship between inflammation and cancer more than 150 years ago. Subsequently, chronic inflammation and associated reactive free radical overload and some types of bacterial, viral, and parasite infections that cause inflammation were recognized as important risk factors for cancer development and account for one in four of all human cancers worldwide. Even viruses that do not directly cause inflammation can cause cancer when they act in conjunction with proinflammatory cofactors or when they initiate or promote cancer via the same signaling pathways utilized in inflammation. Whatever its origin, inflammation in the tumor microenvironment has many cancer-promoting effects and aids in the proliferation and survival of malignant cells and promotes angiogenesis and metastasis. Mediators of inflammation such as cytokines, free radicals, prostaglandins, and growth factors can induce DNA damage in tumor suppressor genes and post-translational modifications of proteins involved in essential cellular processes including apoptosis, DNA repair, and cell cycle checkpoints that can lead to initiation and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace B Morrison
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Human papillomavirus's physical state and cyclin A1 promoter methylation in cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011; 21:902-6. [PMID: 21412159 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e3182158683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the second biggest cause of death among human female cancers. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main factor in this cancer, especially HPV types 16 and 18, which constitute the high-risk group. There are 2 physical states of HPV in host cells: integrated and episomal forms. Our previous study explored the very high degree of cyclin A1 (CCNA1) promoter methylation in invasive cervical cancer in which all cases were infected by HPV. OBJECTIVE From previous evidence, it seemed that HPV might affect CCNA1 promoter methylation. Therefore, both the quantity and physical state of HPV were investigated in this study for their effects on CCNA1 promoter methylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine the correlation of HPV quantity and CCNA1 methylation, the proportion of HPV L1/HAT (histone acetyltransferase, which is a human housekeeping gene) and the percentage intensity of CCNA1 promoter methylation were observed. CCNA1 promoter methylation was detected by methylation-specific primer polymerase chain reaction. To investigate the physical state, the HPV E2 region was amplified. The effect of the physical state on CCNA1 methylation was observed. RESULTS No correlation was found between the quantity of HPV and CCNA1 promoter methylation. Interestingly, the physical state of HPV had the potential to affect methylation of this gene. The integrated form of HPV had a significantly higher impact on CCNA1 methylation than HPV in episomal form (P=0.001; 95% confidence interval, 11.96-38.44). CONCLUSION We suggest that the integrated form of HPV might lead to CCNA1 promoter methylation in cervical cancer by some mechanisms.
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is highly prevalent in men and there is an interest in further understanding the relationship between HPV infection and disease in men, including the development of genital warts, penile intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive penile carcinomas. Genital warts are caused by HPV 6/11 and are the most common clinical manifestation of HPV in men. Though they are benign and not associated with mortality, they are a source of psychosocial distress and physical discomfort. HPV infection can also develop into invasive penile carcinoma which is associated with morbidity and mortality. Approximately 40% of invasive penile carcinomas are attributable to HPV with HPV 16, 18, and 6/11 being the genotypes most commonly detected in penile tumors. Penile carcinomas of the basaloid and warty histologic subtypes are most likely to test positive for HPV. In addition to HPV infection, the risk factors most strongly associated with penile cancer are lack of neonatal circumcision, phimosis (the inability of uncircumcised men to fully retract the foreskin), and anogenital warts. Male vaccination with the quadrivalent HPV vaccine that protects against HPV 6/11/16/18 has been shown to significantly reduce HPV-associated anogenital infection and disease in men. If the quadrivalent vaccine is successfully disseminated to large segments of the young male population, there is the potential for substantial reduction in genital HPV infection and related lesions in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella M Anic
- Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Barcellos RB, Almeida SEDM, Sperhacke RD, Verza M, Rosso F, Medeiros RMD, Perizzolo PF, Cortez-Herrera E, Rossetti MLR. Evaluation of a novel microplate colorimetric hybridization genotyping assay for human papillomavirus. J Virol Methods 2011; 177:38-43. [PMID: 21807028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) has been associated with cervical cancer. Developing assays for the identification of these viral types is of great importance for monitoring patients and controlling strategies. The development of the MCHA (microplate colorimetric hybridization assay), a PCR-based method for identifying six of the most common HR-HPV types (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 39 and 45) is described. The MCHA combines the amplification with the GP5+/GP6+ consensus primers followed by PCR reverse hybridization with specific probes and detection through a colorimetric assay. The performance of the MCHA was evaluated using 108 DNA samples typed previously by the PapilloCheck(®). The agreement between both methods was 69.4% for HPV 16; 79.1% for HPV 45; 82.4% for HPV 18; 93.6% for HPV 31; 87.9% for HPV 33, and 17.6% for HPV 39. The assay had higher sensitivity than the Papillocheck(®), particularly for identifying HPV 16 and 18. The MCHA seemed to be sensitive and specific for the identification of the most prevalent HPV types in invasive cervical cancer, HPV 16, 18, 45, 33 and 31. It requires low-cost reagents and common laboratory apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Bones Barcellos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde (CDCT/FEPPS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Park ST, Song MJ, Park JS, Hur SY, Lee CW. Incidence and clinicopathologic behavior of uterine cervical carcinoma in renal transplant recipients. World J Surg Oncol 2011; 9:72. [PMID: 21752252 PMCID: PMC3151219 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal allograft recipients are reported to have a higher incidence of malignancy than the general population. This single hospital-based study examined the incidence and clinicopathologic behavior of uterine cervical carcinoma in renal transplant recipients. METHODS Among 453 women receiving renal transplantation from January 1990 to December 2008, 5 patients were diagnosed with cervical carcinoma. Medical records of these 5 patients were retrospectively reviewed, and clinicopathologic data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The incidence of cervical carcinoma in renal transplant recipients was 58.1 out of 100,000 per year, which is 3.5 times higher than in the general Korean population. The mean interval between the time of renal transplantation and the time of cervical carcinoma diagnosis was 80.7 months. After a median follow-up of 96.2 months, there was no recurrence of the disease or death. In 4 patients who were positive from human papillomavirus in situ hybridization (HPV ISH), high or probably high risk HPV DNA was detected in all. Punctate staining of HPV ISH was detected in 3 out of 4 patients. CONCLUSIONS Higher incidence of cervical carcinoma is expected in renal transplant recipients, so appropriate surveillance is needed to ensure early detection and treatment of cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Taek Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jong Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sup Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Hur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Denslow SA, Westreich DJ, Firnhaber C, Michelow P, Williams S, Smith JS. Bacterial vaginosis as a risk factor for high-grade cervical lesions and cancer in HIV-seropositive women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2011; 114:273-7. [PMID: 21683359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of bacterial vaginosis (BV) on the risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) among HIV-seropositive women. METHODS A hospital-based prospective cohort study of HIV-seropositive women was conducted in Johannesburg, South Africa from January 2005 to September 2009. Multivariate log-binomial and Poisson regressions were used to estimate prevalence and rate ratios, respectively. RESULTS Among 1954 HIV-seropositive women, the baseline prevalence of HSIL was 17%. BV prevalence was high (54%) and showed no association with prevalence of HSIL (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.92-1.35) nor with cervical lesion progression at follow-up visit (n=503) (adjusted rate ratio: 1.00; 95% CI, 0.65-1.53). CONCLUSION Among HIV-seropositive women, BV was not associated with an increased risk of HSIL or cervical lesion progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri A Denslow
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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Akyuz A, Yılmaz C, Yenen MC, Yavan T, Kılıç A. Women’s awareness of the human papilloma virus and related health problems. J Adv Nurs 2011; 67:2703-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yue C, Wang M, Ding B, Wang W, Fu S, Zhou D, Zhang Z, Han S. Polymorphism of the pre-miR-146a is associated with risk of cervical cancer in a Chinese population. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 122:33-7. [PMID: 21529907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs are tiny non-coding RNAs that reportedly play an important role in numerous physiological processes. A G>C polymorphism (rs2910164) is located on the passenger strand of the precursor of miR-146a, which could alter mature miR-146a expression. We hypothesized that a possible association exists between miR-146a gene polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk in a population-based control study of female residents in Jiangsu Province. METHODS The subjects included 447 cervical cancer cases and 443 cancer-free controls with frequency matched by age. We genotyped the functional polymorphism of miR-146a (rs2910164) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, and used a sample of 24 cervical cancer tissue to test the expression of miR-146a by real-time quantitative reverse transcription. RESULTS Our study indicated that the subjects carrying GG homozygote had a 1.496-fold increased risk than those carrying CG/CC genotypes (95% CI=1.068-2.095). Moreover, miR-146a quantification showed that the carriers of GG genotype had obviously more reduced miR-146a expression level compared with the carriers of CC genotype. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the risk of cervical cancer in a Chinese population partly results from miRNA-146a expression deviation in vivo, being caused by common polymorphism in miR-146a. This is an initial study to indicate that miR-146a (rs2910164) might contribute to cervical cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Oosterhuis K, Öhlschläger P, van den Berg JH, Toebes M, Gomez R, Schumacher TN, Haanen JB. Preclinical development of highly effective and safe DNA vaccines directed against HPV 16 E6 and E7. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:397-406. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lee SJ, Lee AW, Kim TJ, Kim JH, Bae JH, Lee CW, Song MJ, Yoon JH, Hur SY, Park JS. Correlation between immunocytochemistry of human papilloma virus L1 capsid protein and behavior of low-grade cervical cytology in Korean women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2011; 37:1222-8. [PMID: 21518134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in Korean women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) in relation to the immunocytochemical detection of the HPV L1 capsid protein. MATERIAL AND METHODS From January 2006 to December 2007, a total of 353 immunocytochemistry tests were performed on specimens from HPV-infected patients with LSIL. Due to exclusions, the study population was reduced to 318. Subjects were monitored at 4-6 month intervals. The regression, persistence, and progression of the cytologic abnormalities of the 318 cases were compared with the results of HPV L1 capsid protein immunocytochemical detection. RESULTS Of the 137 patients negative for the HPV L1 capsid protein, 38 (27.7%) showed progression to high-grade lesions, 50 (36.5%) showed persistence, and 49 (35.8%) showed regression to normal cytological features. In contrast, of the remaining 181 patients positive for the HPV L1 capsid protein, 15 (8.3%) showed progression to high-grade lesions, 74 (40.9%) showed persistence, and 92 (50.8%) showed regression. The results of immunocytochemical testing for the HPV L1 capsid protein show a linear association with the progression or regression behavior of low-grade cervical cytology in patients infected with HPV (linear by linear association test, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Immunocytochemical detection of HPV L1 was significantly related with the biological patterns of LSIL in Korean women. Hence, immunocytochemistry for the detection of HPV L1 is beneficial in providing further information for LSIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Vincent Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpodong, Seochogu, Seoul, Korea
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RNA Interference of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 Increases HLA Class I Antigen Expression in HaCaT-E7 Cells. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011; 21:28-34. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e3181ffcca1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the major causative agents of cervical cancer. The E7 protein of high-risk HPV disturbs cell cycle control and down-regulates components of the antigen presentation pathway, suggesting an ideal target for development of the immunotherapy in HPV-positive cervical cancers. We previously reported that HPV16 E7 could down-regulate cell-surface HLA class I antigen accompanying decreased expression of transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP-1). The purpose of this study was to determine whether knockdown of HPV16 E7 could up-regulate surface HLA class I antigen expression in HPV16 E7 expressing HaCaT cells (HaCaT-E7).Methods:An E7-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into the HaCaT-E7 cells, and the expression of HPV16 E7 was measured by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. With the use of flow cytometry analysis, the levels of cell surface HLA class I antigen and intracellular TAP-1 expression were detected.Results:It was found that transfection of HPV16 E7-siRNA reduced HPV16 E7 expression as measured on messenger RNA and protein levels. The flow cytometry analysis showed that, compared with mock transfection, a statistically significant increase of approximately 75% in surface HLA class I levels was observed in HaCaT-E7 cells at 72 hours after transfection of E7 siRNA. Moreover, he knockdown of E7 in HaCaT-E7 cells could result in an increase of intracellular TAP-1 expression, which is essential for the expression of HLA class I at cell surface.Conclusions:Our study showed that the knockdown of HPV16 E7 could increase cell surface HLA class I antigen expression in HaCaT-E7 cells. In addition, for HPV-positive human cervical cancer, our observations indicate that theHPV E7gene is a target of choice.
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Montgomery K, Bloch JR, Bhattacharya A, Montgomery O. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer knowledge, health beliefs, and preventative practices in older women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2010; 39:238-49. [PMID: 20576067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2010.01136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore knowledge of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, health beliefs, and preventative practices in women 40 to 70 years. DESIGN Cross-sectional descriptive. SETTING Three urban ambulatory Obstetrics and Gynecology offices connected with a teaching hospital's Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the Mid-Atlantic section of the United States. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 149 women age 40 to 70. METHODS To assess HPV and cervical cancer knowledge, health beliefs, and preventative practices a self-administered survey, the Awareness of HPV and Cervical Cancer Questionnaire was distributed to women as they waited for their well-woman gynecologic exam. RESULTS The mean knowledge score was 7.39 (SD=3.42) out of 15. One third of the questions about the relationship of HPV and risks for cervical cancer were answered incorrectly by more than 75% of these women. Although most appreciate the seriousness of cervical cancer, they believed themselves not particularly susceptible. CONCLUSION There is a need for HPV and cervical cancer awareness and education for women older than age 40. Women's health care professionals are well positioned to act as a catalyst to improve HPV and cervical cancer knowledge, health beliefs, and preventative practice to ensure optimum health promotion for all women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymberlee Montgomery
- Drexel University College of Nursing & Health Professions, 245 N. 15thStreet, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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Samarawardana P, Dehn DL, Singh M, Franquemont D, Thompson C, Gaido L, Torkko KC, Homer P, Burke S, Titmus MA, Nayi V, Shroyer KR. p16(INK4a) is superior to high-risk human papillomavirus testing in cervical cytology for the prediction of underlying high-grade dysplasia. Cancer Cytopathol 2010; 118:146-56. [PMID: 20544710 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.20078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary goal of this study was to compare the clinical performance of an optimized and rigorously controlled immunocytochemical (ICC) assay for p16(INK4a) to high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as diagnostic adjuncts for cytology specimens from colposcopy patients. METHODS : The study included 403 cervical cytology specimens collected within 3 months of colposcopy. The colposcopic impression and cervical biopsy diagnosis served as the standards for correlation with cytological, p16(INK4a), and HPV data. p16(INK4a) was evaluated using an immunoperoxidase-based assay that was linear over 4 logs for the detection of HeLa-spiked positive control cytology specimens, using a threshold for positive test results that was based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. HR-HPV was detected by multiplex PCR using genotype-specific primers. RESULTS : In all combined diagnostic categories (negative for intraepithelial lesion and malignancy, atypical glandular cells, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), the p16(INK4a) ICC and HR-HPV assays, respectively, had sensitivity of 81.7% and 83.3% (P = .81) and specificity of 78.1% and 50.9% (P < .001) for the detection of underlying > or =grade 2 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions on biopsy. Furthermore, the positive predictive value of p16(INK4a) ICC was greater than that of HR-HPV for patients with biopsies > or =CIN-2 (41.2% and 24.2%, respectively, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS : This p16(INK4a) immunocytochemical assay has superior specificity but similar sensitivity to HR-HPV testing to predict underlying high-grade dysplastic lesions in patients who are referred for colposcopy. The determination of the overall performance characteristics of p16(INK4a) immunocytochemistry, as an independent test or in combination with HPV testing in low-risk screening populations, however, will require subsequent large-scale prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panduka Samarawardana
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8691, USA
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Horewicz VV, Feres M, Rapp GE, Yasuda V, Cury PR. Human papillomavirus-16 prevalence in gingival tissue and its association with periodontal destruction: a case-control study. J Periodontol 2010; 81:562-8. [PMID: 20367098 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 is detected in normal oral mucosa and several oral lesions, including squamous cell carcinoma, condyloma acuminatum, verruca vulgaris, focal epithelial hyperplasia, and periodontal diseases. It was hypothesized that HPV may be involved in periodontal breakdown and that periodontal tissue acts as a reservoir for the virus. Therefore, in this study, the prevalence of HPV-16 in the gingival tissue of Brazilians with periodontal health or disease is investigated. METHODS Fifty-six gingival samples from subjects with chronic periodontitis, 26 samples from subjects with gingivitis, and 22 samples from subjects with healthy peridontium were analyzed. Total DNA was extracted, and the presence of HPV-16 was assessed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Positive and negative controls were included in the reactions. RESULTS HPV-16 was not detected in any of the 104 gingival samples evaluated; therefore, this virus showed no association with periodontal disease in this study. CONCLUSION In the population studied, HPV-16 may not have participated in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis, and the gingival tissue did not act as a reservoir for this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica V Horewicz
- Research Group on Periodontal Disease, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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