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Martin-Saavedra FM, Cebrian V, Gomez L, Lopez D, Arruebo M, Wilson CG, Franceschi RT, Voellmy R, Santamaria J, Vilaboa N. Temporal and spatial patterning of transgene expression by near-infrared irradiation. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8134-8143. [PMID: 24957294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether near-infrared (NIR) light could be employed for patterning transgene expression in plasmonic cell constructs. Hollow gold nanoparticles with a plasmon surface band absorption peaking at ∼750 nm, a wavelength within the so called "tissue optical window", were used as fillers in fibrin-based hydrogels. These composites, which efficiently transduce NIR photon energy into heat, were loaded with genetically-modified cells that harbor a heat-activated and ligand-dependent gene switch for regulating transgene expression. NIR laser irradiation in the presence of ligand triggered 3-dimensional patterns of transgene expression faithfully matching the illuminated areas of plasmonic cell constructs. This non-invasive technology was proven useful for remotely controlling in vivo the spatiotemporal bioavailability of transgenic vascular endothelial growth factor. The combination of spatial control by means of NIR irradiation along with safe and timed transgene induction presents a high application potential for engineering tissues in regenerative medicine scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Martin-Saavedra
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Cebrian
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leyre Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel Lopez
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher G Wilson
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration and Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Renny T Franceschi
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration and Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Richard Voellmy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- HSF Pharmaceuticals S.A., 1814 La Tour-de-Peilz, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Santamaria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Vilaboa
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Brown AC, Barker TH. Fibrin-based biomaterials: modulation of macroscopic properties through rational design at the molecular level. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1502-14. [PMID: 24056097 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen is one of the primary components of the coagulation cascade and rapidly forms an insoluble matrix following tissue injury. In addition to its important role in hemostasis, fibrin acts as a scaffold for tissue repair and provides important cues for directing cell phenotype following injury. Because of these properties and the ease of polymerization of the material, fibrin has been widely utilized as a biomaterial for over a century. Modifying the macroscopic properties of fibrin, such as elasticity and porosity, has been somewhat elusive until recently, yet with a molecular-level rational design approach it can now be somewhat easily modified through alterations of molecular interactions key to the protein's polymerization process. This review outlines the biochemistry of fibrin and discusses methods for modification of molecular interactions and their application to fibrin based biomaterials.
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Kumar Y, Vadivel K, Schmidt AE, Ogueli GI, Ponnuraj SM, Rannulu N, Loo JA, Bajaj M, Bajaj SP. Decoy plasminogen receptor containing a selective Kunitz-inhibitory domain. Biochemistry 2014; 53:505-17. [PMID: 24383758 PMCID: PMC3985851 DOI: 10.1021/bi401584b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kunitz domain 1 (KD1) of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 in which P2' residue Leu17 (bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor numbering) is mutated to Arg selectively inhibits the active site of plasmin with ∼5-fold improved affinity. Thrombin cleavage (24 h extended incubation at a 1:50 enzyme-to-substrate ratio) of the KD1 mutant (Leu17Arg) yielded a smaller molecule containing the intact Kunitz domain with no detectable change in the active-site inhibitory function. The N-terminal sequencing and MALDI-TOF/ESI data revealed that the starting molecule has a C-terminal valine (KD1L17R-VT), whereas the smaller molecule has a C-terminal lysine (KD1L17R-KT). Because KD1L17R-KT has C-terminal lysine, we examined whether it could serve as a decoy receptor for plasminogen/plasmin. Such a molecule might inhibit plasminogen activation as well as the active site of generated plasmin. In surface plasmon resonance experiments, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and Glu-plasminogen bound to KD1L17R-KT (Kd ∼ 0.2 to 0.3 μM) but not to KD1L17R-VT. Furthermore, KD1L17R-KT inhibited tPA-induced plasma clot fibrinolysis more efficiently than KD1L17R-VT. Additionally, compared to ε-aminocaproic acid KD1L17R-KT was more effective in reducing blood loss in a mouse liver-laceration injury model, where the fibrinolytic system is activated. In further experiments, the micro(μ)-plasmin-KD1L17R-KT complex inhibited urokinase-induced plasminogen activation on phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-stimulated U937 monocyte-like cells, whereas the μ-plasmin-KD1L17R-VT complex failed to inhibit this process. In conclusion, KD1L17R-KT inhibits the active site of plasmin as well as acts as a decoy receptor for the kringle domain(s) of plasminogen/plasmin; hence, it limits both plasmin generation and activity. With its dual function, KD1L17R-KT could serve as a preferred agent for controlling plasminogen activation in pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kanagasabai Vadivel
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Amy E. Schmidt
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Godwin I. Ogueli
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sathya M. Ponnuraj
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nalaka Rannulu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Molecular
Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Madhu
S. Bajaj
- Department
of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, David
Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - S. Paul Bajaj
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Molecular
Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Simultaneous bilateral computer assisted total knee arthroplasty: the effect of intravenous or intraarticular tranexamic acid. J Arthroplasty 2013; 28:1888-91. [PMID: 23642448 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of tranexamic acid (TA) in total knee arthroplasty is well documented. However, there is limited evidence to suggest the use of TA in simultaneous bilateral computer assisted total knee arthroplasty (CATKA). We, therefore, studied the effect of TA, in simultaneous bilateral computer assisted total knee arthroplasty, in terms of blood transfusion, routes of administration and complications. We divided 90 patients into three groups. Group I patients received intravenous normal saline alone (IVNS group). Group II received intravenous TA alone (IVTA group). Group III received intraarticular TA alone (IATA group). Our study confirms that there is significant benefit of using TA but no difference between the intravenous or intraarticular routes of administration.
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Beckerman Z, Shopen Y, Alon H, Cohen O, Nir RR, Adler Z, Bolotin G. Coronary artery bypass grafting after aprotinin: Are we doing better? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145:243-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Tranexamic acid, a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine, is an antifibrinolytic agent that acts by binding to plasminogen and blocking the interaction of plasmin(ogen) with fibrin, thereby preventing dissolution of the fibrin clot. Tranexamic acid (Transamin®) is indicated in Japan for use in certain conditions with abnormal bleeding or bleeding tendencies in which local or systemic hyperfibrinolysis is considered to be involved. This article reviews the efficacy and tolerability of tranexamic acid in conditions amenable to antifibrinolytic therapy and briefly overviews the pharmacological properties of the drug. In large, randomized controlled trials, tranexamic acid generally significantly reduced perioperative blood loss compared with placebo in a variety of surgical procedures, including cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass, total hip and knee replacement and prostatectomy. In many instances, tranexamic acid also reduced transfusion requirements associated with surgery. It also reduced blood loss in gynaecological bleeding disorders, such as heavy menstrual bleeding, postpartum haemorrhage and bleeding irregularities caused by contraceptive implants. Tranexamic acid significantly reduced all-cause mortality and death due to bleeding in trauma patients with significant bleeding, particularly when administered early after injury. It was also effective in traumatic hyphaema, gastrointestinal bleeding and hereditary angioneurotic oedema. While it reduces rebleeding in subarachnoid haemorrhage, it may increase ischaemic complications. Pharmacoeconomic analyses predicted that tranexamic acid use in surgery and trauma would be very cost effective and potentially life saving. In direct comparisons with other marketed agents, tranexamic acid was at least as effective as ε-aminocaproic acid and more effective than desmopressin in surgical procedures. It was more effective than desmopressin, etamsylate, flurbiprofen, mefenamic acid and norethisterone, but less effective than the levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterine device in heavy menstrual bleeding and was as effective as prednisolone in traumatic hyphaema. Tranexamic acid was generally well tolerated. Most adverse events in clinical trials were of mild or moderate severity; severe or serious events were rare. Therefore, while high-quality published evidence is limited for some approved indications, tranexamic acid is an effective and well tolerated antifibrinolytic agent.
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Guggenberger C, Wolz C, Morrissey JA, Heesemann J. Two distinct coagulase-dependent barriers protect Staphylococcus aureus from neutrophils in a three dimensional in vitro infection model. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002434. [PMID: 22253592 PMCID: PMC3257306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pyogenic abscess-forming facultative pathogenic microorganism expressing a large set of virulence-associated factors. Among these, secreted proteins with binding capacity to plasma proteins (e.g. fibrinogen binding proteins Eap and Emp) and prothrombin activators such as Coagulase (Coa) and vWbp are involved in abscess formation. By using a three-dimensional collagen gel (3D-CoG) supplemented with fibrinogen (Fib) we studied the growth behavior of S. aureus strain Newman and a set of mutants as well as their interaction with mouse neutrophils by real-time confocal microscopy. In 3D-CoG/Fib, S. aureus forms microcolonies which are surrounded by an inner pseudocapsule and an extended outer dense microcolony-associated meshwork (MAM) containing fibrin. Coa is involved in formation of the pseudocapsule whereas MAM formation depends on vWbp. Moreover, agr-dependent dispersal of late stage microcolonies could be observed. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the pseudocapsule and the MAM act as mechanical barriers against neutrophils attracted to the microcolony. The thrombin inhibitor argatroban is able to prevent formation of both pseudocapsule and MAM and supports access of neutrophils to staphylococci. Taken together, this model can simulate specific stages of S. aureus abscess formation by temporal dissection of bacterial growth and recruitment of immune cells. It can complement established animal infection models in the development of new treatment options. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent pathogens causing divers localized and metastatic abscess-forming infections. Here we studied the role of the staphylocoagulases Coa and vWbp in the formation of microcolony-associated fibrin structures. By using a three-dimensional collagen gel (3D-CoG) supplemented with human fibrinogen as a growth environment for staphylococci and as a neutrophil migration matrix, we were able to demonstrate that Coa is involved in producing a fibrin-containing pseudocapsule wrapping the staphylococcal microcolony whereas vWbp is required for establishing an extended outer fibrin meshwork. The pseudocapsule and the outer meshwork hinder neutrophils from attacking the staphylococci. Addition of the thrombin inhibitor argatroban prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and thus abolishes barrier formation. This in vitro model provides us with new options to study formation as well as prevention of staphylococcal abscesses under tissue-like conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Guggenberger
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Wolz
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julie A. Morrissey
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Heesemann
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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58
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Swedberg JE, Harris JM. Natural and engineered plasmin inhibitors: applications and design strategies. Chembiochem 2012; 13:336-48. [PMID: 22238174 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The serine protease plasmin is ubiquitously expressed throughout the human body in the form of the zymogen plasminogen. Conversion to active plasmin occurs through enzymatic cleavage by plasminogen activators. The plasminogen activator/plasmin system has a well-established function in the removal of intravascular fibrin deposition through fibrinolysis and the inhibition of plasmin activity; this has found widespread clinical use in reducing perioperative bleeding. Increasing evidence also suggests diverse, although currently less defined, roles for plasmin in a number of physiological and pathological processes relating to extracellular matrix degradation, cell migration and tissue remodelling. In particular, dysregulation of plasmin has been linked to cancer invasion/metastasis and various chronic inflammatory conditions; this has prompted efforts to develop inhibitors of this protease. Although a number of plasmin inhibitors exist, they commonly suffer from poor potency and/or specificity of inhibition that either results in reduced efficacy or prevents clinical use. Consequently, there is a need for further development of high-affinity plasmin inhibitors that maintain selectivity over other serine proteases. This review summarises clearly defined and potential applications for plasmin inhibition. The properties of naturally occurring and engineered plasmin inhibitors are discussed in the context of current knowledge regarding plasmin structure, specificity and function. This includes design strategies to obtain the potency and specificity of inhibition in addition to controlled temporal and spatial distribution tailored for the intended use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim E Swedberg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072 (Australia)
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Liu J, Wang Y, Yang Y, Jiang X, Zhao M, Wang W, Wu G, Wu J, Zheng M, Peng S. Pyrolo[1,2:4,5]-1,4-dioxopyrazino[1,2:1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indoles: a group of urokinase inhibitors, their synthesis, and stereochemistry-dependent activity. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:2312-22. [PMID: 21953864 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antifibrinolytic agents are required during complex surgeries to decrease bleeding; their pro-thrombotic potency and efficacy in causing hemostasis has attracted much attention. To discover new inhibitors of urokinase with high selectivity for antifibrinolytic effects over pro-thrombotic effects, the 12-position of (5aS,12S,14aS)- and (5aS,12R,14aS)-5,14-dioxo-1,2,3,5,5a,6,11, 12,14,14a-decahydro-5H,14H-pyrolo[1,2:4,5]pyrazino[1,2:1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indoles were modified with L-Ala, L-Asp, L-Phe, L-Trp, L-Lys, L-Ser, Gly, and L-Leu to provide 16 (5aS,12S,14aS) and (5aS,12R,14aS) derivatives. In a murine bleeding model, the (5aS,12S,14aS) derivatives containing L-Ala, L-Asp, L-Phe, and L-Trp induced blood coagulation for the treated mice; they also stimulated thrombus formation in a rat thrombosis model, but the other derivatives inhibited thrombosis. The most potent compound, the L-Asp derivative, showed a good therapeutic window: the minimum effective dose for coagulation was <1 nmol kg(-1), whereas at 10 nmol kg(-1), no pro-thrombotic effect was observed. This type of coagulation action was correlated with a mechanism of urokinase inhibition, and these results could lead to the discovery of novel urokinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
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60
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An S, Ma D, Wei JF, Yang X, Yang HW, Yang H, Xu X, He S, Lai R. A novel allergen Tab y 1 with inhibitory activity of platelet aggregation from salivary glands of horseflies. Allergy 2011; 66:1420-7. [PMID: 21848516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Horsefly sting causes allergic reactions in human body. However, our knowledge on horsefly allergens remains poor. OBJECTIVES To identify the novel horsefly allergens and characterize their properties. METHODS A native allergen protein Tab y 1 (apyrase) was purified from the salivary glands of the horsefly Tabanus yao Macquart by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Its sequence was determined by Edman degradation and cDNA cloning. Its allergenicity was assessed by immunoblotting for specific IgE, basophil activation test, skin prick test (SPT), and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Tab y 1 showed a single diffusion band of 70 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Seventy percent (7/10) of patients with horsefly allergy tested positive to Tab y 1 in SPT; sera from 81% (30/37) of patients reacted to Tab y 1 on western blots. Purified Tab y 1 reduced approximately 42% sera IgE reactivity to horsefly salivary gland extract on a competitive ELISA. Tab y 1 upregulated the expression of CD63 and CCR3 on passively sensitized basophils by up to approximately 4.9-fold. Tab y 1 also showed enzymatic activity to hydrolyze ATP and ADP, and potent antiplatelet aggregation and antithrombotic activities. CONCLUSION The current work identified a novel major allergen of horsefly, Tab y 1, with antiplatelet aggregation and antithrombotic activities, which implicates Tab y 1 in helping horseflies suck host blood, meanwhile causing allergy in their human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S An
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Swedberg JE, Harris JM. Plasmin Substrate Binding Site Cooperativity Guides the Design of Potent Peptide Aldehyde Inhibitors. Biochemistry 2011; 50:8454-62. [DOI: 10.1021/bi201203y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim E. Swedberg
- Institute of Health and
Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland
4059, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Harris
- Institute of Health and
Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland
4059, Australia
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62
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Sa-Ngasoongsong P, Channoom T, Kawinwonggowit V, Woratanarat P, Chanplakorn P, Wibulpolprasert B, Wongsak S, Udomsubpayakul U, Wechmongkolgorn S, Lekpittaya N. Postoperative blood loss reduction in computer-assisted surgery total knee replacement by low dose intra-articular tranexamic acid injection together with 2-hour clamp drain: a prospective triple-blinded randomized controlled trial. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2011; 3:e12. [PMID: 22053253 PMCID: PMC3206515 DOI: 10.4081/or.2011.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-dose local tranexamic acid has been introduced in total knee arthroplasty for bleeding control. We are not sure about the systemic absorption and side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low dosage of intra-articular tranexamic acid injection combined with 2-hour clamp drain in minimally bleeding computer-assisted surgery total knee replacement (CAS-TKR). A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in a total of 48 patients underwent CAS-TKR. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either of a mixed intra-articular solution of tranexamic acid 250 mg with physiologic saline (TXA group), or physiologic saline (control group) and then followed by clamp drain for 2 hours. Postoperative blood loss was measured by three different methods as drainage volume, total hemoglobin loss and calculated total blood loss. Transfusion requirement and postoperative complications were recorded. All patients were screened for deep vein thrombosis and the functional outcomes were evaluated at 6 months after surgery. The mean postoperative drainage volume, total hemoglobin loss and calculated total blood loss in TXA group were 308.8 mL, 2.1 g/dL and 206.3 mL compared to 529.0 mL, 3.0 g/dL and 385.1 mL in the control group (P=0.0003, 0.0005 and <0.0001 respectively). Allogenic blood transfusion was needed for one patient (4.2%) in TXA group and for eight patients (33.3%) in the control group. Postoperative knee scores were not significantly different between groups. No deep vein thrombosis, infection or wound complication was detected in both groups. In this study, low dose intra-articular tranexamic acid injection combined with 2-hour clamping drain was effective for reducing postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirement in CAS-TKR without significant difference in postoperative complications or functional outcomes.
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Ma D, Xu X, An S, Liu H, Yang X, Andersen JF, Wang Y, Tokumasu F, Ribeiro JMC, Francischetti IMB, Lai R. A novel family of RGD-containing disintegrins (Tablysin-15) from the salivary gland of the horsefly Tabanus yao targets αIIbβ3 or αVβ3 and inhibits platelet aggregation and angiogenesis. Thromb Haemost 2011; 105:1032-45. [PMID: 21475772 DOI: 10.1160/th11-01-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel family of RGD-containing molecules (Tablysin-15) has been molecularly characterised from the salivary gland of the haematophagous horsefly Tabanus yao. Tablysin-15 does not share primary sequence homology to any disintegrin discovered so far, and displays an RGD motif in the N-terminus of the molecule. It is also distinct from disintegrins from Viperidae since its mature form is not released from a metalloproteinase precursor. Tablysin-15 exhibits high affinity binding for platelet αIIbβ3 and endothelial cell αVβ3 integrins, but not for α5β1 or α2β1. Accordingly, it blocks endothelial cell adhesion to vitronectin (IC50 ~1 nM) and marginally to fibronectin (IC50 ~1 μM), but not to collagen. It also inhibits fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-induced endothelial cell proliferation, and attenuates tube formation in vitro. In platelets, Tablysin-15 inhibits aggregation induced by collagen, ADP and convulxin, and prevents static platelet adhesion to immobilised fibrinogen. In addition, solid-phase assays and flow cytometry demonstrates that αIIbβ3 binds to Tablysin-15. Moreover, immobilised Tablysin-15 supports platelet adhesion by a mechanism which was blocked by anti-integrin αIIbβ3 monoclonal antibody (e.g. abciximab) or by EDTA. Furthermore, Tablysin-15 dose-dependently attenuates thrombus formation to collagen under flow. Consistent with these findings, Tablysin-15 displays antithrombotic properties in vivo suggesting that it is a useful tool to block αIIbβ3, or as a prototype to develop antithrombotics. The RGD motif in the unique sequence of Tablysin-15 represents a novel template for studying the structure-function relationship of the disintegrin family of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ma
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
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64
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Yang H, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Wu J, Liu C, Ye H, Li F, Yu H, Lai R. A bi-functional anti-thrombosis protein containing both direct-acting fibrin(ogen)olytic and plasminogen-activating activities. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17519. [PMID: 21423730 PMCID: PMC3056663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Direct-acting fibrin(ogen)olytic agents such as plasmin have been proved to contain effective and safety thrombolytic potential. Unfortunately, plasmin is ineffective when administered by the intravenous route because it was neutralized by plasma antiplasmin. Direct-acting fibrin(ogen)olytic agents with resistance against antiplasmin will brighten the prospect of anti-thrombosis. As reported in 'Compendium of Materia Medica', the insect of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker has been used as traditional anti-thrombosis medicine without bleeding risk for several hundreds years. Currently, we have identified a fibrin(ogen)olytic protein (Eupolytin1) containing both fibrin(ogen)olytic and plasminogen-activating (PA) activities from the beetle, E. sinensis. OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of native and recombinant eupolytin1 in fibrin(ogen)olytic and plasminogen-activating processes. METHODS AND RESULTS Using thrombus animal model, eupolytin1 was proved to contain strong and rapid thrombolytic ability and safety in vivo, which are better than that of urokinase. Most importantly, no bleeding complications were appeared even the intravenous dose up to 0.12 µmol/kg body weight (3 times of tested dose which could completely lyse experimental thrombi) in rabbits. It is the first report of thrombolytic agents containing both direct-acting fibrin(ogen)olytic and plasminogen-activating activities. CONCLUSIONS The study identified novel thrombolytic agent with prospecting clinical potential because of its bi-functional merits containing both plasmin- and PA-like activities and unique pharmacological kinetics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yang
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cunbao Liu
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huahu Ye
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengliang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Haining Yu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail: (RL); (HY)
| | - Ren Lai
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (RL); (HY)
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Illanes S, Zhou W, Schwarting S, Heiland S, Veltkamp R. Comparative effectiveness of hemostatic therapy in experimental warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2010; 42:191-5. [PMID: 21127298 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.593541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE intracerebral hemorrhage associated with oral anticoagulants has a poor prognosis. Current treatment guidelines are based on case series and plausibility only, and a common consensus on effective hemostatic therapy is missing. We compared the effectiveness of diverse hemostatic approaches in a mouse model of warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS male C57BL/6 mice received anticoagulant treatment with warfarin (0.4 mg/kg for 3 days). Intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by striatal injection of collagenase, and 30 minutes later, mice received an intravenous injection of saline (200 μL n=15), prothrombin complex concentrate (100 U/kg, n=10), fresh-frozen plasma (200 μL, n=13), recombinant human Factor VII activated (3.5 mg/kg, n=8 and 10 mg/kg, n=8), or tranhexamic acid (400 mg/kg, n=12). Intracerebral hemorrhage volume was quantified on T2-weighted images after 24 hours. RESULTS mean hematoma volumes were 7.4 ± 1.8 mm(3) in the nonwarfarin controls and 21.9 ± 5.0 mm(3) in the warfarin group receiving saline. Prothrombin complex concentrate (7.5 ± 2.3 mm(3)) and fresh-frozen plasma (8.7 ± 2.1) treatment resulted in significantly smaller hematoma volume compared with saline. Recombinant human Factor VII activated (10 mg/kg: 14.7 ± 3.4; 3.5 mg/kg: 15.0 ± 6.8 mm(3)) and tranexamic acid (16.2 ± 4.1 mm(3)) were less effective. Water content in the hemorrhagic hemisphere was similar in all groups except for tranexamic acid in which it was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS prothrombin complex concentrate and fresh-frozen plasma effectively prevent hematoma growth in murine warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage, whereas Factor VIIa was less effective. Tranexamic acid exacerbates perihematoma edema in this mouse warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Illanes
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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Bajaj MS, Ogueli GI, Kumar Y, Vadivel K, Lawson G, Shanker S, Schmidt AE, Bajaj SP. Engineering kunitz domain 1 (KD1) of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 to selectively inhibit fibrinolysis: properties of KD1-L17R variant. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:4329-40. [PMID: 21115497 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.191163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) inhibits factor XIa, plasma kallikrein, and factor VIIa/tissue factor; accordingly, it has been proposed for use as an anticoagulant. Full-length TFPI-2 or its isolated first Kunitz domain (KD1) also inhibits plasmin; therefore, it has been proposed for use as an antifibrinolytic agent. However, the anticoagulant properties of TFPI-2 or KD1 would diminish its antifibrinolytic function. In this study, structure-based investigations and analysis of the serine protease profiles revealed that coagulation enzymes prefer a hydrophobic residue at the P2' position in their substrates/inhibitors, whereas plasmin prefers a positively charged arginine residue at the corresponding position in its substrates/inhibitors. Based upon this observation, we changed the P2' residue Leu-17 in KD1 to Arg (KD1-L17R) and compared its inhibitory properties with wild-type KD1 (KD1-WT). Both WT and KD1-L17R were expressed in Escherichia coli, folded, and purified to homogeneity. N-terminal sequences and mass spectra confirmed proper expression of KD1-WT and KD1-L17R. Compared with KD1-WT, the KD1-L17R did not inhibit factor XIa, plasma kallikrein, or factor VIIa/tissue factor. Furthermore, KD1-L17R inhibited plasmin with ∼6-fold increased affinity and effectively prevented plasma clot fibrinolysis induced by tissue plasminogen activator. Similarly, in a mouse liver laceration bleeding model, KD1-L17R was ∼8-fold more effective than KD1-WT in preventing blood loss. Importantly, in this bleeding model, KD1-L17R was equally or more effective than aprotinin or tranexamic acid, which have been used as antifibrinolytic agents to prevent blood loss during major surgery/trauma. Furthermore, as compared with aprotinin, renal toxicity was not observed with KD1-L17R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu S Bajaj
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Lorentz KM, Kontos S, Frey P, Hubbell JA. Engineered aprotinin for improved stability of fibrin biomaterials. Biomaterials 2010; 32:430-8. [PMID: 20864171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrin has been long used clinically for hemostasis and sealing, yet extension of use in other applications has been limited due to its relatively rapid resorption in vivo, even with addition of aprotinin or other protease inhibitors. We report an engineered aprotinin variant that can be immobilized within fibrin and thus provide extended longevity. When recombinantly fused to a transglutaminase substrate domain from α(2)-plasmin inhibitor (α(2)PI(1-8)), the resulting variant, aprotinin-α(2)PI(1-8), was covalently crosslinked into fibrin matrices during normal thrombin/factor XIIIa-mediated polymerization. Challenge with physiological plasmin concentrations revealed that aprotinin-α(2)PI(1-8)-containing matrices retained 78% of their mass after 3 wk, whereas matrices containing wild type (WT) aprotinin degraded completely within 1 wk. Plasmin challenge of commercial sealants Omrixil and Tisseel, supplemented with aprotinin-α(2)PI(1-8) or WT aprotinin, showed extended longevity as well. When seeded with human dermal fibroblasts, aprotinin-α(2)PI(1-8)-supplemented matrices supported cell growth for at least 33% longer than those containing WT aprotinin. Subcutaneously implanted matrices containing aprotinin-α(2)PI(1-8) were detectable in mice for more than twice as long as those containing WT aprotinin. We conclude that our engineered recombinant aprotinin variant can confer extended longevity to fibrin matrices more effectively than WT aprotinin in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Lorentz
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Dietrich W, Spannagl M, Boehm J, Hauner K, Braun S, Schuster T, Busley R. Tranexamic acid and aprotinin in primary cardiac operations: an analysis of 220 cardiac surgical patients treated with tranexamic acid or aprotinin. Anesth Analg 2008; 107:1469-78. [PMID: 18931201 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318182252b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antifibrinolytics are widely used in cardiac surgery to reduce bleeding. Allogeneic blood transfusion, even in primary cardiac operations with low blood loss, is still high. In the present study we evaluated the impact of tranexamic acid compared to aprotinin on the transfusion incidence in cardiac surgical patients with low risk of bleeding. METHODS This prospective, randomized, double-blind study included 220 patients undergoing primary coronary artery revascularization (coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]) or aortic valve replacement (AVR). Randomized in blocks of 20, patients received either tranexamic acid (approximately 6 g) or full-dose aprotinin (approximately 5-6 x 10(6) Kallikrein Inhibiting Units). Transfusion was guided by a strict transfusion algorithm. Molecular markers of hemostasis were determined to assess differences in the mode of action of the two drugs. Primary end-points were the incidence of allogeneic red cell transfusion and 24-h postoperative blood loss. Data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle and compared using the chi(2) and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS Two-hundred-twenty patients were enrolled (CABG: 134, AVR: 86). In the aprotinin Group 47% of patients received allogeneic blood during the hospital stay as compared to 61% in the tranexamic acid group (P = 0.036). Aprotinin conferred a 23% reduction in allogeneic transfusion risk (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.53-0.88). Overall, no significant difference in postoperative bleeding was observed, although 24-h blood loss was reduced in aprotinin-treated CABG patients (500, 350-750 mL vs 650, 475-875 mL (median, 25th-75th percentile); P = 0.039). Despite the lower transfusion rate, the hemoglobin concentration on the first postoperative day was higher in the aprotinin group (11.3, 9.9-12.1 vs 10.6, 9.9-11.6 mg/dL; P = 0.023). The fibrinolytic activity at the end of operation determined by D-Dimer was comparable in both groups. (0.15, 0.11-0.17 mg/L [aprotinin] versus 0.18, 0.12-0.24 mg/L [tranexamic acid]). The activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged up to 4 h postoperatively in the aprotinin group, while the heparin requirement was reduced: 19% of the patients in the aprotinin group and 45% in the tranexamic acid group received at least one additional bolus heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass (P < 0.001). Troponin T levels postoperatively and on postoperative day 1 were significantly higher in the tranexamic acid group (P = 0.017). No differences in renal, cardiac, or mortality outcomes were observed. CONCLUSION Considering the rate of transfusion of red blood cells, tranexamic acid was slightly inferior in patients undergoing CABG, but there was no difference in patients receiving AVR. Tranexamic acid seems to be less effective in operations with increased bleeding such as CABG. Clinical benefit depends on specific patient and institution characteristics (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00396760).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulf Dietrich
- Institute for Research in Cardiac Anesthesia, 80639 Munich, Winthirstr. 4, 80639 Munich, Germany.
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Wong J, El Beheiry H, Rampersaud YR, Lewis S, Ahn H, De Silva Y, Abrishami A, Baig N, McBroom RJ, Chung F. Tranexamic Acid Reduces Perioperative Blood Loss in Adult Patients Having Spinal Fusion Surgery. Anesth Analg 2008; 107:1479-86. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181831e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Osswald BR. Elektive Koronarrevaskularisation. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-008-0626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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