51
|
Timofeeva AM, Ivanisenko NV, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Systemic lupus erythematosus: molecular cloning and analysis of recombinant monoclonal kappa light chain NGTA2-Me-pro-ChTr possessing two different activities-trypsin-like and metalloprotease. Int Immunol 2015; 27:633-45. [PMID: 26174315 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyclonal antibodies hydrolyzing myelin basic protein (MBP) can play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). An immunoglobulin light chain phagemid library derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with SLE was used. The small pools of phage particles displaying light chains with different affinity for MBP were isolated by affinity chromatography on MBP-Sepharose. The fraction eluted with 0.5M NaCl was used for preparation of individual monoclonal light chains (MLChs, 26-27kDa). The clones were expressed in Escherichia coli in a soluble form; MLChs were purified by metal-chelating chromatography followed by gel filtration. In mammalians, there are serine proteases and metalloproteases. These and many other enzymes usually have only one active site and catalyze only one chemical reaction. In contrast to canonical proteases, one MLCh (NGTA2-Me-pro-ChTr) efficiently hydrolyzed MBP (but not other proteins) and four different oligopeptides corresponding to four immunodominant sequences containing cleavage sites of MBP. The proteolytic activity of MLCh was efficiently inhibited only by specific inhibitors of serine-like (phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride, PMSF) and metalloproteases (EDTA). It was shown that MLCh possess independent serine-like and metal-dependent activities. The principal existence of monoclonal antibodies with two different proteolytic activities is unexpected but very important for the further understanding of at present unknown biological functions of human antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Timofeeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita V Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Tolmacheva AS, Blinova EA, Ermakov EA, Buneva VN, Vasilenko NL, Nevinsky GA. IgG abzymes with peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities from the sera of healthy humans. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:565-80. [PMID: 25946706 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present the evidence showing that small fractions of electrophoretically homogeneous immunoglobulin G (IgGs) from the sera of healthy humans and their Fab and F(ab)2 fragments oxidize 3,3'-diaminobenzidine through a peroxidase activity in the presence of H2 O2 and through an oxidoreductase activity in the absence of H2 O2 . During purification on protein G-Sepharose and gel filtration, the polyclonal IgGs partially lose the Me(2+) ions. After extensive dialysis of purified Abs against agents chelating metal ions, the relative peroxidase activity decreased dependently of IgG analyzed from 100 to ~10-85%, while oxidoreductase activity from 100 to 14-83%. Addition of external metal ions to dialyzed and non-dialyzed IgGs leads to a significant increase in their activity. Chromatography of the IgGs on Chelex non-charged with Cu(2+) ions results in the adsorption of a small IgG fraction bound with metal ions (~5%), while Chelex charged with Cu(2+) ions bind additionally ~38% of the total IgGs. Separation of Abs on both sorbents results in IgG separation to many different subfractions demonstrating various affinities to the chelating resin and different levels of the specific oxidoreductase and peroxidase activities. In the presence of external Cu(2+) ions, the specific peroxidase activity of several IgG subfractions achieves 20-27 % as compared with horseradish peroxidase (HRP, taken for 100%). The oxidoreductase activity of these fractions is ~4-6-fold higher than that for HRP. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutases, catalases, and glutathione peroxidases are known to represent critical defence mechanisms for preventing oxidative modifications of DNA, proteins, and lipids. Peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of human IgGs could also play an important role in the protection of organisms from oxidative stress and toxic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Tolmacheva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentiev Ave., 10, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena A Blinova
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Ermakov
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nataliya L Vasilenko
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentiev Ave., 10, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Timofeeva AM, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Systemic lupus erythematosus: molecular cloning and analysis of 22 individual recombinant monoclonal kappa light chains specifically hydrolyzing human myelin basic protein. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:614-27. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Timofeeva
- SB RAS; Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; 8 Lavrentiev Ave. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- SB RAS; Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; 8 Lavrentiev Ave. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 2 Pirogova St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- SB RAS; Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; 8 Lavrentiev Ave. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 2 Pirogova St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Doronin VB, Parkhomenko TA, Castellazzi M, Padroni M, Pastore M, Buneva VN, Granieri E, Nevinsky GA. Comparison of antibodies hydrolyzing myelin basic protein from the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107807. [PMID: 25265393 PMCID: PMC4180057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It was found that antibodies (Abs) against myelin basic protein (MBP) are the major components of the antibody response in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We have recently shown that IgGs from sera of MS patients are active in the hydrolysis of MBP. However, in literature there are no available data concerning possible MBP-hydrolyzing Abs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients. We have shown that the average content of IgGs in their sera is about 195-fold higher than that in their CSF. Here we have compared, for the first time, the average content of lambda- and kappa-IgGs as well as IgGs of four different subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) in CSF and sera of MS patients. The average relative content of lambda-IgGs and kappa -IgGs in the case of CSFs (8.0 and 92.0%) and sera (12.3 and 87.7%) are comparable, while IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4: CSF - 40.4, 49.0, 8.2, and 2.5% of total IgGs, respectively and the sera - 53.6, 36.0, 5.6, and 4.8%, decreased in different order. Electrophoretically and immunologically homogeneous IgGs were obtained by sequential affinity chromatography of the CSF proteins on protein G-Sepharose and FPLC gel filtration. We present first evidence showing that IgGs from CSF efficiently hydrolyze MBP and that their average specific catalytic activity is unpredictably ∼54-fold higher than that of Abs from sera of the same MS patients. Some possible reasons of these findings are discussed. We suggest that anti-MBP abzymes of CSF may promote important neuropathologic mechanisms in this chronic inflammatory disorder and in MS pathogenesis development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Visilii B. Doronin
- Novosibirsk Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Taisiya A. Parkhomenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Marina Padroni
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michela Pastore
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Enrico Granieri
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
- * E-mail: (GAN); (EG)
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- * E-mail: (GAN); (EG)
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Odintsova ES, Dmitrenok PS, Timofeeva AM, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Why specific anti-integrase antibodies from HIV-infected patients can efficiently hydrolyze 21-mer oligopeptide corresponding to antigenic determinant of human myelin basic protein. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:32-45. [PMID: 24375582 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients possess anti-integrase (IN) catalytic IgGs and IgMs (abzymes), which, unlike canonical proteases, specifically hydrolyze only intact globular IN. Anti-myelin MBP abzymes from patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus efficiently hydrolyze only intact MBP. Anti-MBP and anti-IN abzymes do not hydrolyze several other tested control globular proteins. Here, we show that anti-IN abzymes efficiently hydrolyze a 21-mer oligopeptide (OP21) corresponding to one antigenic determinant (AGD) of MBP, whereas anti-MBP abzymes extremely poorly cleave oligopeptides corresponding to AGDs of IN. All sites of IgG-mediated and IgM-mediated proteolysis of OP21 by anti-IN abzymes were found for the first time by a combination of reverse phase and thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry. Several clustered sites of OP21 cleavage were revealed and compared with the cleavage sites within the complete IN. Several fragments of OP21 had good homology with many fragments of the IN sequence. The active sites of anti-IN abzymes are known to be located on their light chains, whereas heavy chains are responsible for the affinity for protein substrates. Interactions of intact IN with both light and heavy chains of the abzymes provide high affinity for IN and the specificity of its hydrolysis. Our data suggest that OP21 interacts mainly with the light chains of polyclonal anti-IN abzymes, which possess lower affinity and specificity for substrate. The hydrolysis of the non-cognate OP21 oligopeptide may be also less specific than the hydrolysis of the globular IN because in contrast to previously described serine protease-like abzymes against different proteins, anti-IN abzymes possess serine, thiol, acidic, and metal-dependent protease activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Odintsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Systemic lupus erythematosus: Molecular cloning of fourteen recombinant DNase monoclonal kappa light chains with different catalytic properties. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1725-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
57
|
Parkhomenko TA, Doronin VB, Castellazzi M, Padroni M, Pastore M, Buneva VN, Granieri E, Nevinsky GA. Comparison of DNA-hydrolyzing antibodies from the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93001. [PMID: 24736683 PMCID: PMC3988009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It was found that high-affinity anti-DNA antibodies were one of the major components of the intrathecal IgG response in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients [Williamson et al., PNAS, 2001]. Recently we have shown that IgGs from the sera of MS patients are active in the hydrolysis of DNA. Here we have shown, for the first time, that average concentration of total proteins (132-fold), total IgGs (194-fold) and anti-DNA antibodies (200-fold) in the sera is significantly higher than that in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of fifteen MS patients. The relative activities of total protein from sera and CSFs varied remarkably from patient to patient. It was surprising that the specific DNase activity of the total protein of CSF reparations were 198-fold higher than the serum ones. Electrophoretically and immunologically homogeneous IgGs were obtained by sequential affinity chromatography of the CSF proteins on protein G-Sepharose and FPLC gel filtration. We present first evidence showing that IgGs from CSF not only bind but efficiently hydrolyze DNA and that average specific DNase activity of homogeneous antibodies from CSF is unpredictably ∼49-fold higher than that from the sera of the same MS patients. Some possible reasons of these findings are discussed. We suggest that DNase IgGs of CSF may promote important neuropathologic mechanisms in this chronic inflammatory disorder and MS pathogenesis development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisiya A. Parkhomenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vasilii B. Doronin
- Novosibirsk Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Marina Padroni
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michela Pastore
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Enrico Granieri
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Vorobjeva MA, Krasitskaya VV, Fokina AA, Timoshenko VV, Nevinsky GA, Venyaminova AG, Frank LA. RNA aptamer against autoantibodies associated with multiple sclerosis and bioluminescent detection probe on its basis. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2590-4. [PMID: 24512542 DOI: 10.1021/ac4037894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there are no specific laboratory tests for establishing the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The presence of proteolytic autoantibodies against myelin basic protein is now considered as a characteristic feature of MS. New 2'-F-containing RNA aptamer of high affinity and specificity to these antibodies was selected. Covalent conjugate of this aptamer and Ca(2+)-regulated photoprotein obelin was obtained for the first time and applied as a label in bioluminescent microplate assay to detect target antibodies. The developed model solid-phase microassay is simple, fast, and highly sensitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Vorobjeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Timofeeva AM, Dmitrenok PS, Konenkova LP, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Multiple sites of the cleavage of 21- and 25-mer encephalytogenic oligopeptides corresponding to human myelin basic protein (MBP) by specific anti-MBP antibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51600. [PMID: 23520443 PMCID: PMC3592856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IgGs from patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) purified on MBP-Sepharose in contrast to canonical proteases hydrolyze effectively only myelin basic protein (MBP), but not many other tested proteins. Here we have shown for the first time that anti-MBP SLE IgGs hydrolyze nonspecific tri- and tetrapeptides with an extreme low efficiency and cannot effectively hydrolyze longer 20-mer nonspecific oligopeptides corresponding to antigenic determinants (AGDs) of HIV-1 integrase. At the same time, anti-MBP SLE IgGs efficiently hydrolyze oligopeptides corresponding to AGDs of MBP. All sites of IgG-mediated proteolysis of 21-and 25-mer encephalytogenic oligopeptides corresponding to two known AGDs of MBP were found by a combination of reverse-phase chromatography, TLC, and MALDI spectrometry. Several clustered major, moderate, and minor sites of cleavage were revealed in the case of 21- and 25-mer oligopeptides. The active sites of anti-MBP abzymes are localised on their light chains, while heavy chains are responsible for the affinity of protein substrates. Interactions of intact globular proteins with both light and heavy chains of abzymes provide high affinity to MBP and specificity of this protein hydrolysis. The affinity of anti-MBP abzymes for intact MBP is approximately 1000-fold higher than for the oligopeptides. The data suggest that all oligopeptides interact mainly with the light chains of different monoclonal abzymes of total pool of IgGs, which possesses a lower affinity for substrates, and therefore, depending on the oligopeptide sequences, their hydrolysis may be less specific than globular protein and can occur in several sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Timofeeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ludmila P. Konenkova
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Division of Russian Medical Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Buneva VN, Krasnorutskii MA, Nevinsky GA. Natural antibodies to nucleic acids. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:127-143. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
|
61
|
Odintsova ES, Dmitrenok PS, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Specific anti-integrase abzymes from HIV-infected patients: a comparison of the cleavage sites of intact globular HIV integrase and two 20-mer oligopeptides corresponding to its antigenic determinants. J Mol Recognit 2013; 26:121-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena S. Odintsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Lavrentiev Ave. 8; Novosibirsk; 630090; Russia
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division; Russian Academy of Sciences; Vladivostok; 690022; Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Grosbois SS, Brionne MF, de Longcamp ALF, Gautier P, V Kaveri S, Borel-Derlon A, Repessé Y. Hydrolysis of factor VIII mediated by catalytic antibodies occurs in haemophilia A patients with or without factor VIII inhibitors. Haemophilia 2012; 19:322-9. [PMID: 23216758 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The major complication of the substitutive treatment of haemophilia A (HA) is the development of antifactor VIII (FVIII) antibodies. Most of these antibodies neutralize FVIII procoagulant activity, and are identified as FVIII inhibitor. A subgroup of these antibodies, 'catalytic antibodies', catalyses the FVIII hydrolysis. We investigated the frequency and the activity of catalytic antibodies, according to the phenotype of HA and the presence or absence of FVIII inhibitor. IgG from 16 patients with inhibitor and 17 patients without inhibitor were purified. Rates of FVIII hydrolysis and inhibitor titres were evaluated. Anti-FVIII catalytic antibodies were detected in 63.6% of patients with HA, irrespective of the HA phenotype and the presence of FVIII inhibitor. The frequency was significantly higher for severe HA patients (73.3%) and patients with inhibitor (87.5%), but their FVIII-proteolytic activity was not significantly different from patients with mild or moderate HA and patients without inhibitor. The evolution of both catalytic and inhibitory activities was studied for 11 patients with FVIII inhibitor. We observed two profiles. In the profile 1, 18.2% of patients, the catalytic activity and the inhibitor titre coevolved. In contrast, a dissociated evolution of these two parameters was observed in 72.8% patients in profile 2. These data confirm the importance of anti-FVIII catalytic activity in patients with severe, moderate and mild HA. Interestingly, most of the patients presented a dissociated profile, suggesting that anti-FVIII antibodies might not systematically act as FVIII inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Grosbois
- Department of Hematology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Parkhomenko TA, Buneva VN, Doronin BM, Volkova MV, Senkovich SA, Generalov II, Nevinsky GA. IgGs containing λ- and κ-type light chains and of all subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) from the sera of patients with autoimmune diseases and viral and bacterial infections hydrolyze DNA. J Mol Recognit 2012; 25:383-92. [PMID: 22733547 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present the first evidence demonstrating that small fractions of IgGs of all four subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) from patients with viral (tick-borne encephalitis), bacterial infections (streptococcal infection or erysipelas), and suppurative surgical infections caused by epidermal staphylococci as well as from patients with autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis) are catalytically active in the hydrolysis of supercoiled DNA. The hydrolysis of DNA was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The catalytic activities of nonfractionated IgGs increased in the following order: tick-borne encephalitis < suppurative surgical infection < streptococcal infection < multiple sclerosis < systemic lupus erythematosus, whereas IgGs of healthy donors were inactive. However, the pools of antibodies corresponding to any particular disease were characterized by a specific ratio of IgGs of all four subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) and IgGs containing λ- and κ-type light chains, and each of these subfractions of immunoglobulins demonstrated characteristic relative DNase activity. The relative activities of IgGs containing λ-type light chains may on average be higher, lower, or comparable with those for IgGs with κ-type light chains. The relative contributions of IgGs of different subclasses to the total activity of IgGs also varied widely in the case of various diseases: IgG1 (7%-45%), IgG2 (0.4%-73%), IgG3 (0%-12%), and IgG4 (9%-66%). Thus, immune systems of patients with different diseases can generate a variety of anti-DNA abzymes of different types and with different catalytic properties, which can play an important role in the pathogenesis or protection from the development of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisiya A Parkhomenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Sapparapu G, Planque S, Mitsuda Y, McLean G, Nishiyama Y, Paul S. Constant domain-regulated antibody catalysis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36096-104. [PMID: 22948159 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.401075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some antibodies contain variable (V) domain catalytic sites. We report the superior amide and peptide bond-hydrolyzing activity of the same heavy and light chain V domains expressed in the IgM constant domain scaffold compared with the IgG scaffold. The superior catalytic activity of recombinant IgM was evident using two substrates, a small model peptide that is hydrolyzed without involvement of high affinity epitope binding, and HIV gp120, which is recognized specifically by noncovalent means prior to the hydrolytic reaction. The catalytic activity was inhibited by an electrophilic phosphonate diester, consistent with a nucleophilic catalytic mechanism. All 13 monoclonal IgMs tested displayed robust hydrolytic activities varying over a 91-fold range, consistent with expression of the catalytic functions at distinct levels by different V domains. The catalytic activity of polyclonal IgM was superior to polyclonal IgG from the same sera, indicating that on average IgMs express the catalytic function at levels greater than IgGs. The findings indicate a favorable effect of the remote IgM constant domain scaffold on the integrity of the V-domain catalytic site and provide a structural basis for conceiving antibody catalysis as a first line immune function expressed at high levels prior to development of mature IgG class antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Sapparapu
- Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Bezuglova AM, Dmitrenok PS, Konenkova LP, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Multiple sites of the cleavage of 17- and 19-mer encephalytogenic oligopeptides corresponding to human myelin basic protein (MBP) by specific anti-MBP antibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Peptides 2012; 37:69-78. [PMID: 22781164 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to canonical proteases, myelin basic protein (MBP)-Sepharose-purified IgG from multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients efficiently hydrolyze only MBP, but not many other tested proteins. It was shown that anti-MBP SLE IgGs cleave nonspecific tri- and tetrapeptides with an extremely low efficiency and cannot efficiently hydrolyse longer oligopeptides corresponding to antigenic determinants (AGDs) of HIV-1 integrase. To identify all sites of IgG-mediated proteolysis corresponding to two AGDs of MBP, we have used a combination of reverse-phase chromatography (RPhC), MALDI spectrometry, and TLC to analyze the cleavage products of two (17- and 19-mer) encephalytogenic oligopeptides corresponding to these AGDs. Both oligopeptides contained several clustered major and minor sites of cleavage. The active sites of anti-MBP abzymes are localized on their light chains, while the heavy chains are responsible for the affinity of protein substrates. Interactions of intact globular proteins with both light and heavy chains of abzymes provide high specificity of MBP hydrolysis. The affinity of anti-MBP abzymes for intact MBP was ∼10(3)-fold higher than for the oligopeptides. The data suggest that both oligopeptides interact mainly with the light chain of different monoclonal abzymes of total pool of IgGs, which possesses lower affinity for substrates, and therefore, depending on the oligopeptide sequences, their hydrolysis may be less specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Bezuglova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Bezuglova AM, Konenkova LP, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. IgGs containing light chains of the λ- and κ- type and of all subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) from the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus hydrolyze myelin basic protein. Int Immunol 2012; 24:759-70. [PMID: 22899672 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxs071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human myelin basic protein (hMBP)-hydrolyzing activity was recently shown to be an intrinsic property of antibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Here, we present the first evidence demonstrating a significant diversity of different fractions of polyclonal IgGs (pIgGs) from SLE patients in their affinity for hMBP and in the ability of pIgGs to hydrolyze hMBP at different optimal pH values (5.3-9.5); the pH profiles of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 were unique. IgGs containing the λ-type of light chains demonstrated higher relative activities (RAs) in the hydrolysis of hMBP and its oligopeptides (OPs) than κ-IgGs. IgGs of all four subclasses were catalytically active; their RAs in the hydrolysis of hMBP increased in the following order: IgG4 < IgG2 < IgG3 < IgG1. Metal-dependent proteolytic activity of λ-IgG, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 was higher than their serine protease-like activity, while these activities of κ-IgG were comparable. Phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride had almost no effect on the activity of IgG4, while EDTA significantly suppressed its activity. The RAs of λ-IgG in the hydrolysis of four OPs corresponding to different cleavage sites of hMBP were remarkably higher than those for κ-IgGs. IgG1-IgG4 demonstrated different RAs and patterns of hydrolysis of these four OPs. Although combination of Ca²⁺ plus Mg²⁺ was the best in the activation of IgG1 and IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 demonstrated the highest activity in the presence of Ca²⁺ plus Co²⁺. The ratio of the RAs of λ-IgG, κ-IgG and IgG1-IgG4 preparations in all analyzed cases was individual for each preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Bezuglova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Medical Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Odintsova ES, Baranova SV, Dmitrenok PS, Calmels C, Parissi V, Andreola ML, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Anti-integrase abzymes from the sera of HIV-infected patients specifically hydrolyze integrase but nonspecifically cleave short oligopeptides. J Mol Recognit 2012; 25:193-207. [PMID: 22434709 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to canonical proteases, total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies (Abs) from HIV-infected patients hydrolyze effectively only HIV integrase (IN), reverse transcriptase (RT), human casein, and serum albumin. Anti-IN IgG and IgM isolated by chromatography on IN-Sepharose hydrolyze specifically only IN but not many other tested proteins. Total Abs from HIV-infected patients hydrolyze not only globular proteins but also different specific and nonspecific tri-, tetra-, and 20- to 25-mer oligopeptides (OPs) with a higher rate than anti-IN Abs isolated using IN-Sepharose. A similar situation was observed for IgG from patients with multiple sclerosis and HIV-infected patients, which after purification on myelin basic protein (MBP)-Sepharose and RT-Sepharose specifically hydrolyze only MBP and RT, respectively. The active sites of all anti-protein abzymes are localized on their light chains, whereas the heavy chain is responsible for the affinity of protein substrates. Interactions of intact globular proteins with both light and heavy chains of abzymes provide the specificity of protein hydrolysis. The affinity of anti-IN and anti-MBP abzymes for intact IN and MBP is approximately 10(2)- to 10(5)-fold higher than for short and long specific and nonspecific OPs. The data suggest that all OPs interact mainly with the light chain of different Abs, which possesses a lower affinity for substrates, and therefore, depending on the OP sequences, their hydrolysis may be less specific or completely nonspecific. The data indicate that the relative activity of Abs not fractionated on specific protein sorbents in the hydrolysis of specific and nonspecific OPs can correspond to an average proteolytic activity of light chains of polyclonal Abs directed against many different proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Odintsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Baranova SV, Buneva VN, Kharitonova MA, Sizyakina LP, Zakharova OD, Nevinsky GA. Diversity of integrase-hydrolyzing IgGs and IgMs from sera of HIV-infected patients. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 76:1300-11. [PMID: 22150275 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911120030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It was previously shown that small fractions of IgGs and IgMs from the sera of AIDS patients specifically hydrolyze only HIV integrase (IN) but not many other tested proteins. Here we present evidence showing that these IgGs and IgMs are extreme catalytically heterogeneous. Affinity chromatography on IN-Sepharose using elution of IgGs (or IgMs) with different concentration of NaCl and acidic buffer separated catalytic antibodies (ABs) into many AB subfractions demonstrating different values of K(m) for IN and k(cat). Nonfractionated IgGs and IgMs possess serine-, thiol-, acidic-like, and metal-dependent proteolytic activity. Metal-dependent activity of abzymes increases in the presence of ions of different metals. In contrast to canonical proteases having one pH optimum, initial nonfractionated IgGs and IgMs demonstrate several optima at pH from 3 to 10. The data obtained show that IN-hydrolyzing polyclonal IgG and IgM of HIV-infected patients are cocktails of anti-IN ABs with different structure of the active centers possessing various affinity to IN, pH optima, and relative rates of the specific substrate hydrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Baranova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrentieva 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Odintsova ES, Baranova SV, Buneva VN, Calmels C, Parissi V, Andreola ML, Zakharova OD, Nevinsky GA. Catalytic antibodies from HIV-infected patients specifically hydrolyzing viral integrase suppress the enzyme catalytic activities. J Mol Recognit 2012; 24:1067-76. [PMID: 22038813 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase (IN) catalyzes integration of a DNA copy of the viral genome into the host genome. It was shown previously that IN preincubation with various oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) induces formation of dimers and oligomers of different gyration radii; only specific ODNs stimulate the formation of catalytically active dimers. Here we have shown that preincubation of IN with specific and nonspecific ODNs leads to a significant and comparable decrease in its hydrolysis by chymotrypsin, while nonspecific ODNs protect the enzyme from the hydrolysis by trypsin worse than specific ODNs; all ODNs had little effect on the IN hydrolysis by proteinase K. In contrast to canonical proteweases, IgGs from HIV-infected patients specifically hydrolyze only IN. While d(pT)(n) markedly decreased the IgG-dependent hydrolysis of IN, d(pA)(n) and d(pA)(n) •d(pT)(n) demonstrated no detectable protective effect. The best protection from the hydrolysis by IgGs was observed for specific single- and especially double-stranded ODNs. Although IN was considerably protected by specific ODNs, proteolytic IgGs and IgMs significantly suppressed both 3'-processing and integration reaction catalyzed by IN. Since anti-IN IgGs and IgMs can efficiently hydrolyze IN, a positive role of abzymes in counteracting the infection cannot be excluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Odintsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Bezuglova AM, Konenkova LP, Doronin BM, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Affinity and catalytic heterogeneity and metal-dependence of polyclonal myelin basic protein-hydrolyzing IgGs from sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Mol Recognit 2012; 24:960-74. [PMID: 22038803 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It was shown using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that titers of antibodies against human myelin basic protein (hMBP) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients 4.2-fold higher than in healthy individuals, but 2.1-fold lower than in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Approximately 86% electrophoretically and immunologically homogeneous SLE immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) purified using several affinity resins including Sepharose with immobilized hMBP specifically hydrolyze only hMBP but not many other tested proteins. Several rigid criteria were applied to show that the hMBP-hydrolyzing activity is an intrinsic property of SLE IgGs but not from healthy donors. In contrast to MS IgGs, abzymes from SLE patients are more sensitive to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and less sensitive to specific inhibitors of serine-like proteases. We present the first evidence demonstrating a significant diversity of different fractions of SLE IgGs in their affinity for hMBP-Sepharose, the ability of IgGs to hydrolyze hMBP at different optimal pHs (5-10) and be activated by different metal ions: Ca(2+) > Mg(2+) ≥ Co(2+) ≥ Fe(2+) ≥ Ni(2+) ≥ Zn(2+) ≥ Cu(2+) ≥ Mn(2+) . Combinations of Ca(2+) + Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) + Co(2) lead to a significant increase in the antibody proteolytic activity as compared with Ca(2+) , Co(2+) , or Mg(2+) ions taken separately. Our findings suggest that the immune systems of individual SLE similar to MS patients can generate a variety of anti-hMBP abzymes with different catalytic properties, which can attack hMBP of myelin-proteolipid shell of axons and play an important role in pathogenesis not only MS but also SLE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Bezuglova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Krasnorutskii MA, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. DNase, RNase, and phosphatase activities of antibodies formed upon immunization by DNA, DNase I, and DNase II. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 76:1065-72. [PMID: 22082277 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911090124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Relative DNase, RNase (efficiency of hydrolysis of ribo- and deoxyribooligonucleotides (ON)), and phosphatase (removal of the ON 5' terminal phosphate) catalytic activities of antibodies (AB) obtained after rabbit immunization by DNA, DNase I, and DNase II were compared. It is shown that electrophoretically homogeneous preparations of polyclonal AB from non-immunized rabbits did not exhibit such activities. Immunization of rabbits by DNA, DNase I, and DNase II results in generation of IgG abzymes that exhibit high activity in the ON hydrolysis reaction and even higher activity in cleavage of 5' terminal phosphate of ON. In this case K(m) values for supercoiled plasmid DNA and ON found in reactions of their AB-dependent nuclease hydrolysis and phosphatase cleavage of 5' terminal phosphate differ by 2-4 orders of magnitude. This shows that nuclease and phosphatase activities belong to different abzyme fractions within polyclonal AB. Thus, in this work data indicative of the possibility of a formation of antibodies exhibiting phosphatase activity after immunization of animals with DNA, DNase I, and DNase II, were obtained for the first time. Possible reasons for production of AB with phosphatase activity after immunization of rabbits with these immunogens are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Krasnorutskii
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Brown EL, Nishiyama Y, Dunkle JW, Aggarwal S, Planque S, Watanabe K, Csencsits-Smith K, Bowden MG, Kaplan SL, Paul S. Constitutive production of catalytic antibodies to a Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor and effect of infection. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9940-9951. [PMID: 22303018 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.330043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that recognize microbial B lymphocyte superantigenic epitopes are produced constitutively with no requirement for adaptive immune maturation. We report cleavage of the Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb) by catalytic antibodies produced with no exposure to the bacterium and reduction of the catalytic antibody activity following infection. IgG catalytic antibodies that specifically hydrolyzed Efb via a nucleophilic catalytic mechanism were found in the blood of healthy humans and aseptic mice free of S. aureus infection. IgG hydrolyzed peptide bonds on the C-terminal side of basic amino acids, including a bond located within the C3b-binding domain of Efb. Efb digested with the IgG lost its ability to bind C3b and inhibit complement-dependent antibody-mediated red blood cell lysis. In addition to catalysis, the IgG expressed saturable Efb binding activity. IgG from S. aureus-infected mice displayed reduced Efb cleaving activity and increased Efb binding activity compared with uninfected controls, suggesting differing effects of the infection on the antibody subsets responsible for the two activities. IgG from children hospitalized for S. aureus infection also displayed reduced Efb cleavage compared with healthy children. These data suggest a potential defense function for constitutively produced catalytic antibodies to a putative superantigenic site of Efb, but an adaptive catalytic response appears to be proscribed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Brown
- Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030,; Department of Extracellular Matrix Biology, The Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas 77030, and.
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jesse W Dunkle
- Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Shreya Aggarwal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stephanie Planque
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Keri Csencsits-Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - M Gabriela Bowden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sheldon L Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sudhir Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chemical Immunology Research Center, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030,.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Odintsova ES, Baranova SV, Dmitrenok PS, Rasskazov VA, Calmels C, Parissi V, Andreola ML, Buneva VN, Zakharova OD, Nevinsky GA. Antibodies to HIV integrase catalyze site-specific degradation of their antigen. Int Immunol 2011; 23:601-12. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
74
|
Odintsova ES, Zaksas NP, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Metal dependent hydrolysis of β-casein by sIgA antibodies from human milk. J Mol Recognit 2011; 24:45-59. [PMID: 20140974 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We present the first evidence that electrophoretically and immunologically homogeneous sIgAs purified from milk of healthy human mothers by chromatography on Protein A-Sepharose and FPLC gel filtration contain intrinsically bound metal ions (Ca > Mg ≥ Al > Fe approximately Zn ≥ Ni ≥ Cu ≥ Mn), the removal of which by a dialysis against ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) leads to a significant decrease in the β-casein-hydrolyzing activity of these antibodies (Abs). An affinity chromatography of total sIgAs on benzamidine-Sepharose interacting with canonical serine proteases separates a small metalloprotease sIgA fraction (6.8 ± 2.4%) from the main part of these Abs with a serine protease-like β-casein-hydrolyzing activity. The relative activity of this metalloprotease sIgA fraction containing intrinsically bound metal ions increases ∼1.2-1.9-fold after addition of external metal ions (Mg(2+) > Fe(2+) > Cu(2+) ≥ Ca(2+) ≥ Mn(2+)) but decreases by 85 ± 7% after the removal of the intrinsically bound metals. The metalloprotease sIgA fraction free of intrinsic metal ions demonstrates a high β-casein-hydrolyzing activity in the presence of individual external metal ions (Fe(2+) > Ca(2+) > Co(2+) ≥ Ni(2+)) and especially several combinations of metals: Co(2+) + Ca(2+) < Mg(2+) + Ca(2+) < Ca(2+) + Zn(2+) < Fe(2+) + Zn(2+) < Fe(2+) + Co(2+) < Fe(2+) + Ca(2+). The patterns of hydrolysis of a 22-mer oligopeptide corresponding to one of sIgA-dependent specific cleavage sites in β-casein depend significantly on the metal used. Metal-dependent sIgAs demonstrate an extreme diversity in their affinity for casein-Sepharose and chelating Sepharose, and interact with Sepharoses bearing immobilized monoclonal mouse IgGs against λ- and κ-type light chains of human Abs. Possible ways of the production of metalloprotease abzymes (Abz) by human immune system are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Odintsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Wootla B, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Warrington AE, Bieber AJ, Kaveri SV, Rodriguez M. Autoantibodies with enzymatic properties in human autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2011; 37:144-50. [PMID: 21624820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Ig) or antibodies are heavy plasma proteins, with sugar chains added to amino acid residues by N-linked glycosylation and occasionally by O-linked glycosylation. The versatility of antibodies is demonstrated by the various functions that they mediate such as neutralization, agglutination, fixation with activation of complement and activation of effector cells. In addition to this plethora of functions, some antibodies express enzymatic activity. Antibodies endowed with enzymatic properties have been described in human autoimmune manifestations in a variety of disorders such as autoimmune thyroiditis, systemic erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS) and acquired hemophilia (AH). Antibodies isolated from these conditions were able to specifically hydrolyze thyroglobulin, DNA, RNA, myelin basic protein (MBP), and factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX), respectively. The therapeutic relevance of these findings is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Wootla
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Magorivska IB, Bilyy RO, Havrylyuk AM, Chop'yak VV, Stoika RS, Kit YY. Anti-histone H1 IgGs from blood serum of systemic lupus erythematosus patients are capable of hydrolyzing histone H1 and myelin basic protein. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:495-502. [PMID: 20583146 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Novel hydrolytic activity of the anti-histone H1 antibodies (Ab) toward histone H1 and myelin basic protein (MBP) was shown. Blood serum of ten patients with clinically diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and nine healthy donors (control) were screened for the anti-histone H1 antibody- and anti-MBP antibody-mediated specific proteolytic activity. IgGs were isolated by chromatography on Protein G-Sepharose, and four of ten SLE patients appeared to possess IgGs that were capable of cleaving both histone H1 and MBP. Such activity was confirmed to be an intrinsic property of the IgG molecule, since it was preserved at gel filtration at alkaline and acidic pH. At the same time, proteolytic activity was absent in the sera-derived Ab of all healthy donors under control. Anti-histone IgGs were purified by the affinity chromatography on histone H1-Sepharose. Their cross-reactivity toward cationic proteins (histones, lysozyme, and MBP) and their capability of hydrolyzing histone H1 and MBP were detected. However, these IgGs were not cleaving core histones, lysozyme, or albumin. Capability of cleaving histone H1 and MBP was preserved after additional purification of anti-histone H1 IgGs by the HPLC gel filtration. The protease activity of anti-histone H1 IgG Ab was inhibited by serine protease inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina B Magorivska
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Parkhomenko TA, Legostaeva GA, Doronin BM, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. IgGs containing light chains of the lambda and kappa type and of all subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) from sera of patients with multiple sclerosis hydrolyze DNA. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:486-94. [PMID: 20119969 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present the first evidence demonstrating that small fractions of IgGs of all four subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) are catalytically active in the hydrolysis of DNA and on average their relative activity (nM supercoiled DNA/1mg IgG/1 h) increases in the order: IgG1 (0.58) < IgG2 (0.94) < IgG3 (1.4) < IgG4 (4.1), while their approximate relative contribution to the total activity of abzymes increases in the order: IgG1 (6.9%) < IgG3 (9.3%) < IgG2 (18.2%) < IgG4 (65.6%). On average IgGs containing light chains of the lambda-type are severalfold more active in the hydrolysis of DNA than IgGs with light chains of the kappa-type. Using different physicochemical methods of antibody analysis we have shown that the immune system of multiple sclerosis patients generates a variety of anti-DNA abzymes of different type and with different catalytic properties, which can play an important role in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisiya A Parkhomenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Kostrikina IA, Kolesova ME, Orlovskaya IA, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Diversity of DNA-hydrolyzing antibodies from the sera of autoimmune-prone MRL/MpJ-lpr mice. J Mol Recognit 2010; 24:557-69. [PMID: 20842640 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown for the first time that polyclonal IgG abzymes (Abzs) with DNase activity from the sera of autoimmune-prone MRL/MpJ-lpr mice can be separated by isoelectric focusing into many subfractions having the isoelectric points (pI) from 4.5 to 9, with the maximal activity for Abzs with pI = 6.5-9.0. Affinity chromatography on DNA-cellulose separated DNase IgGs into many subfractions demonstrating a range of affinities for DNA and different levels of the relative DNase activities (RDA) due to intrinsically bound metals and after addition of external Mg(2+) , Mn(2+) , Ca(2+), and Mg(2+) +Ca(2+). Some fractions significantly increase RDAs in the presence of external ions (Mg(2+) + Ca(2+) > Mg(2+) > Mn(2+) > Ca(2+)), while each of this cofactor can also inhibit or have no influence on the RDAs of another fractions. It is known that complexes of DNA with histones and other proteins of apoptotic cells are the primary immunogens in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and methylated BSA (mBSA) increase the RDAs of only some fractions, while have no effect or inhibit other IgG fractions. The ratio of the RDAs in the presence of all metal ions, BSA, and mBSA was individual for every abzyme fraction. Mn(2+) and Ca(2+) stimulated accumulation of only relaxed form of supercoiled DNA (scDNA) in the case of all subfractions, while in the presence of Mg(2+) antibodies (Abs) of some subfractions (and in the presence of Mn(2+) +Ca(2+) all subfractions) produced relaxed DNA (rDNA) and linear DNA (linDNA) in a variable extent. The data obtained show that the polyclonal Abzs of mice may be a cocktail of Abs directly to DNA, RNA, and their complexes with proteins and anti-idiotypic Abs to active centers of different nucleases. The diversity of the physicochemical and kinetic characteristics of the Abzs seems to be significantly widened when pre-diseased mice spontaneously develop the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Kostrikina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lavrent'eva 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Baranova SV, Buneva VN, Kharitonova MA, Sizyakina LP, Calmels C, Andreola ML, Parissi V, Zakharova OD, Nevinsky GA. HIV-1 integrase-hydrolyzing IgM antibodies from sera of HIV-infected patients. Int Immunol 2010; 22:671-80. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxq051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
80
|
Nevinsky GA, Buneva VN. Peculiarities of abzymes from sera and milk of healthy donors and patients with autoimmune and viral diseases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 74:945-61. [PMID: 19916905 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909090028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The detection of catalytic activity of antibodies is the earliest indicator of development of autoimmune diseases (AID). In early stages of AID, the repertoire of abzymes with various properties is relatively small, but it is greatly increased during their development. Catalytic diversity of the abzymes includes DNase, RNase, ATPase, and oxidoreductase activities; there are antibodies phosphorylating proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides. This review summarizes new data on abzyme heterogeneity and possible reasons for this phenomenon. A possible role of abzymes and their exceptional multiplicity in the pathogenesis of different AID is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Parkhomenko TA, Buneva VN, Tyshkevich OB, Generalov II, Doronin BM, Nevinsky GA. DNA-hydrolyzing activity of IgG antibodies from the sera of patients with tick-borne encephalitis. Biochimie 2010; 92:545-54. [PMID: 20138955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
DNase autoantibodies (Abzs) can be found in the blood of patients with several autoimmune diseases, while the blood of healthy donors or patients with diseases with an insignificant disturbance of the immune status does not contain DNase Abzs. Here we present the first analysis of the DNase Abzs activity in the patients with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Several strict criteria have been applied to show that the DNase activity is an intrinsic property of IgGs from the sera of TBE patients but not from healthy donors. The relative activity of IgGs has been shown to vary extensively from patient to patient, but most of the preparations (91%) had detectable levels of the DNase activity. Polyclonal DNase IgGs were not active in the presence of EDTA or after a dialysis against EDTA, but could be activated by several externally added metal ions, with the level of activity decreasing in the order Mn(2+) + Ca(2+) > or = Mn(2+)+ Mg(2+) > or = Mn(2+) > or = Mg(2+) + Ca(2+) > or = Co(2+) > or = Mg(2+) > Ca(2+), while K(+), Na(+), Ni(2+), Zn(2+), and Cu(2+) did not stimulate DNA hydrolysis. Affinity chromatography on DNA-cellulose separated the DNase IgGs into many subfractions with various affinities for DNA and very different levels of the relative activity. Possible reasons for catalytic diversity of polyclonal human Abzs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisiya A Parkhomenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Belogurov A, Kozyr A, Ponomarenko N, Gabibov A. Catalytic antibodies: balancing between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Bioessays 2010; 31:1161-71. [PMID: 19795406 DOI: 10.1002/bies.200900020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin molecule is a perfect template for the de novo generation of biocatalytic functions. Catalytic antibodies, or abzymes, obtained by the structural mimicking of enzyme active sites have been shown to catalyze numerous chemical reactions. Natural enzyme analogs for some of these reactions have not yet been found or possibly do not exist at all. Nowadays, the dramatic breakthrough in antibody engineering and expression technologies has promoted a considerable expansion of immunoglobulin's medical applications and is offering abzymes a unique chance to become a promising source of high-precision "catalytic vaccines." At the same time, the discovery of natural abzymes on the background of autoimmune disease revealed their beneficial and pathogenic roles in the disease progression. Thus, the conflicting Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde protective and destructive essences of catalytic antibodies should be carefully considered in the development of therapeutic abzyme applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Belogurov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Baranova SV, Buneva VN, Kharitonova MA, Sizyakina LP, Calmels C, Andreola ML, Parissi V, Nevinsky GA. HIV-1 integrase-hydrolyzing antibodies from sera of HIV-infected patients. Biochimie 2009; 91:1081-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
84
|
Parkhomenko TA, Odintsova ES, Buneva VN, Kunder EV, Zhyltsov IV, Senkovich SA, Generalov II, Nevinsky GA. DNA-hydrolysing activity of IgG antibodies from the sera of patients with diseases caused by different bacterial infections. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:2875-87. [PMID: 18671763 PMCID: PMC4498943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
DNase autoantibodies (Abs) can be found in the blood of patients with several autoimmune diseases, while the blood of healthy donors or patients with diseases with insignificant disturbances of the immune status does not contain the DNase Abs. Here we have analysed for the first time the DNase activity in the patients with diseases caused by several bacterial infections. Several rigid criteria have been applied to show that the DNase activity is an intrinsic property of IgGs from the sera of patients with bacterial diseases but not from healthy donors. The relative activity of IgGs has been shown to vary extensively between the diseases analysed and from patient to patient, but most of the preparations had detectable levels of the DNase activity. On average, the catalytic activities were significantly lower than in patients with autoimmune pathologies and increased in the following order: streptococcal infection (erysipelas) < urogenital chlamydiosis associated with arthritis (Reiter's disease) < meningococcal meningitis < shigellosis < suppurative surgical infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus < suppurative surgical infections caused by epidermal staphylococci < urogenital ureaplasmosis associated with reactive arthritis. While intact IgGs possessed this catalytic activity, separated light chains of polyclonal Abs appeared to be even more active in the hydrolysis of DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisiya A Parkhomenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian DivisionNovosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena S Odintsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian DivisionNovosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian DivisionNovosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian DivisionNovosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Sapparapu G, Planque SA, Nishiyama Y, Foung SK, Paul S. Antigen-specific proteolysis by hybrid antibodies containing promiscuous proteolytic light chains paired with an antigen-binding heavy chain. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:24622-33. [PMID: 19542217 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.011858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The antigen recognition site of antibodies consists of the heavy and light chain variable domains (V(L) and V(H) domains). V(L) domains catalyze peptide bond hydrolysis independent of V(H) domains (Mei, S., Mody, B., Eklund, S. H., and Paul, S. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 15571-15574). V(H) domains bind antigens noncovalently independent of V(L) domains (Ward, E. S., Güssow, D., Griffiths, A. D., Jones, P. T., and Winter, G. (1989) Nature 341, 544-546). We describe specific hydrolysis of fusion proteins of the hepatitis C virus E2 protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST-E2) or FLAG peptide (FLAG-E2) by antibodies containing the V(H) domain of an anti-E2 IgG paired with promiscuously catalytic V(L) domains. The hybrid IgG hydrolyzed the E2 fusion proteins more rapidly than the unpaired light chain. An active site-directed inhibitor of serine proteases inhibited the proteolytic activity of the hybrid IgG, indicating a serine protease mechanism. The hybrid IgG displayed noncovalent E2 binding in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. Immunoblotting studies suggested hydrolysis of FLAG-E2 at a bond within E2 located approximately 11 kDa from the N terminus. GST-E2 was hydrolyzed by the hybrid IgG at bonds in the GST tag. The differing cleavage pattern of FLAG-E2 and GST-E2 can be explained by the split-site model of catalysis, in which conformational differences in the E2 fusion protein substrates position alternate peptide bonds in register with the antibody catalytic subsite despite a common noncovalent binding mechanism. These studies provide proof-of-principle that the catalytic activity of a light chain can be rendered antigen-specific by pairing with a noncovalently binding heavy chain subunit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Sapparapu
- Chemical Immunology Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Legostaeva GA, Polosukhina DI, Bezuglova AM, Doronin BM, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Affinity and catalytic heterogeneity of polyclonal myelin basic protein-hydrolyzing IgGs from sera of patients with multiple sclerosis. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:699-709. [PMID: 19438809 PMCID: PMC3823467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human myelin basic protein (hMBP)-hydrolyzing activity was recently shown to be an intrinsic property of antibodies (Abs) from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Here, we present the first evidence demonstrating a significant diversity of different fractions of polyclonal IgGs (pIgGs) from MS patients in their affinity for hMBP and in the ability of pIgGs to hydrolyze hBMP at different optimal pHs (3–10.5). IgGs containing λ- and κ-types of light chains demonstrated comparable relative activities in the hydrolysis of hMBP. IgGs of IgG1–IgG4 sub-classes were analyzed for catalytic activity. IgGs of all four sub-classes were catalytically active, with their contribution to the total activity of Abzs in the hydrolysis of hMBP and its 19-mer oligopeptide increasing in the order: IgG1 (1.5–2.1%) < IgG2 (4.9–12.8%) < IgG3 (14.7–25.0%) < IgG4 (71–78%). Our findings suggest that the immune systems of individual MS patients generate a variety of anti-hMBP abzymes with different catalytic properties, which can attack hMBP of myelin-proteolipid shell of axons, playing an important role in MS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina A Legostaeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Krasnorutskii MA, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Antibodies against DNA hydrolyze DNA and RNA. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 73:1242-53. [PMID: 19120029 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, rabbits were immunized with a high polymer DNA complexed with methylated BSA (mBSA) and by mBSA. It is shown that electrophoretically homogeneous preparations of polyclonal antibodies (Ab) from non-immunized rabbits and animals immunized by mBSA do not exhibit catalytic activity. Ab from the blood of rabbits immunized with the DNA-mBSA complex hydrolyzed poly(C) and different RNAs with efficiency exceeding that towards DNA by approximately 3-4 orders of magnitude. Affinity chromatography of the IgG on DNA cellulose separated the Ab into fractions hydrolyzing both RNA and DNA, and for the first time fractions that hydrolyze only RNA were found. Kinetic parameters that characterize the RNA and DNA hydrolysis by initial Ab preparations and their fractions obtained by separation on an affinity sorbent are compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Krasnorutskii
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Krasnorutskii MA, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Immunization of rabbits with DNase II leads to formation of polyclonal antibodies with DNase and RNase activities. Int Immunol 2009; 21:349-60. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxp004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
89
|
Krasnorutskii MA, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Antibodies against pancreatic ribonuclease A hydrolyze RNA and DNA. Int Immunol 2008; 20:1031-40. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
90
|
Belogurov AA, Kurkova IN, Friboulet A, Thomas D, Misikov VK, Zakharova MY, Suchkov SV, Kotov SV, Alehin AI, Avalle B, Souslova EA, Morse HC, Gabibov AG, Ponomarenko NA. Recognition and degradation of myelin basic protein peptides by serum autoantibodies: novel biomarker for multiple sclerosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:1258-67. [PMID: 18178866 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.2.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The pathologic role of autoantibodies in autoimmune disease is widely accepted. Recently, we reported that anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) serum Abs from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients exhibit proteolytic activity toward the autoantigen. The aim of this study is to determine MBP epitopes specific for the autoantibodies in MS and compare these data with those from other neuronal disorders (OND), leading to the generation of new diagnostic and prognostic criteria. We constructed a MBP-derived recombinant "epitope library" covering the entire molecule. We used ELISA and PAGE/surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy assays to define the epitope binding/cleaving activities of autoantibodies isolated from the sera of 26 MS patients, 22 OND patients, and 11 healthy individuals. The levels of autoantibodies to MBP fragments 48-70 and 85-170 as well as to whole MBP and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein molecules were significantly higher in the sera of MS patients than in those of healthy donors. In contrast, selective reactivity to the two MBP fragments 43-68 and 146-170 distinguished the OND and MS patients. Patients with MS (77% of progressive and 85% of relapsing-remitting) but only 9% of patients with OND and no healthy donors were positive for catalysis, showing pronounced epitope specificity to the encephalitogenic MBP peptide 81-103. This peptide retained its substrate properties when flanked with two fluorescent proteins, providing a novel fluorescent resonance energy transfer approach for MS studies. Thus, anti-MBP autoantibody-mediated, epitope-specific binding and cleavage may be regarded as a specific characteristic of MS compared with OND and healthy donors and may serve as an additional biomarker of disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Belogurov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Clinical Hospital, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Wootla B, Dasgupta S, Mallet V, Kazatchkine MD, Nagaraja V, Friboulet A, Kaveri SV, Lacroix-Desmazes S. Physiopathology of catalytic antibodies: the case for factor VIII-hydrolyzing immunoglobulin G. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2007; 17:229-34. [PMID: 16651863 DOI: 10.1097/01.mbc.0000224840.40839.5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies that are able to catalyze the antigen for which they are specific are produced spontaneously by the immune system. Catalytic immunoglobulins (Igs) both of the IgM and IgG isotypes have been detected in the serum of healthy donors, where they have been proposed to participate in the removal of metabolic waste and in the defense of the organism against invading pathogens. Conversely, antigen-specific hydrolytic IgG have been reported in a number of inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic disorders: their pathogenic effects have been demonstrated occasionally. The pathophysiological relevance of catalytic antibodies thus remains an elusive issue. Through the description of the pro-coagulation factor VIII as a model target antigen for catalytic antibodies, we propose that catalytic antibodies have either a beneficial or a deleterious role depending on the physiopathological context. Physiology thus relies on a delicate equilibrium between the levels of soluble target antigen and that of antigen-specific hydrolyzing immunoglobulins. Indeed, in patients with hemophilia A, in whom endogenous factor VIII is deficient or missing and exogenous factor VIII needs to be administered to treat hemorrhagic events, the development of factor VIII-hydrolyzing IgG that inactivate the therapeutically administered factor VIII, may reveal deleterious. In contrast, in a situation in which excess factor VIII may be detrimental and lead to excessive coagulation, disseminated thrombosis and organ ischemia, as seen in severe sepsis, our recent data suggest that the presence of factor VIII-hydrolyzing IgG may be beneficial to the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Wootla
- INSERM UMRS 681, Universite Pierre & Marie Curie, UPMC-Paris 6/Institut des cordeliers, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Karataeva NA, Nevinsky GA. Enzymes phosphorylating lipids and polysaccharides. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2007; 72:367-79. [PMID: 17511601 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297907040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation plays an important role in regulation of living functions of organisms; phosphorylation may significantly alter chemical properties of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Canonical kinases catalyze transfer of terminal phosphate group from ATP (or other NTPs) to specific nucleophilic groups of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides. Recently, unique kinases, catalytically active antibodies (abzymes) phosphorylating proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides have also been discovered. This review highlights biological functions and enzymatic characteristics of canonical kinases and abzymes phosphorylating lipids and polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Karataeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Ikhmyangan EN, Vasilenko NL, Sinitsina OI, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Substrate specificity of rat sera IgG antibodies with peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities. J Mol Recognit 2007; 19:432-40. [PMID: 16835846 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that intact IgGs from the sera of healthy Wistar rats oxidize 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) in the presence and in the absence of H(2)O(2) similar to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Here we demonstrate for the first time that the peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of IgGs can efficiently oxidize not only DAB but also o-phenylendiamine, phenol, p-dihydroquinone, alpha-naphthol, and NADH but, in contrast to HRP, cannot oxidize adrenalin. In contrast to IgGs, HRP cannot oxidize phenol, p-dihydroquinone, or alpha-naphthol in the absence of H(2)O(2). In contrast to plant and mammalian peroxidases, IgGs were more universal in their metal dependence. The specific wide repertoire of polyclonal peroxidase and oxidoreductase IgGs oxidizing various substances could play an important role in protecting the organism from oxidative stress and serve as an additional natural system destroying different toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdenechimeg N Ikhmyangan
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentieva Avenue, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Odintsova ES, Kharitonova MA, Baranovskii AG, Sizyakina LP, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. DNA-hydrolyzing IgG antibodies from the blood of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Mol Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893306050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
95
|
Mirshahi M, Shamsipour F, Mirshahi T, Khajeh K, Naderi-Manesh H. A novel monoclonal antibody with catalytic activity against beta human chorionic gonadotropin. Immunol Lett 2006; 106:57-62. [PMID: 16759712 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2006.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Revised: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report for the first time, production of monoclonal antibody (MAb) against beta human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) with proteolytic activity. MAb "7D9" was raised in Balb/C mice using purified human chorionic gonadotropin. Immunoblot analysis and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) showed that this MAb reacts with beta hCG. The epitope for this antibody appears to be located in the C-terminal of beta chain as suggested by the absence of cross-reaction with other glycoprotein hormones such as FSH, TSH and LH. Our data reveal that this MAb is very unstable and has autodegradation characteristics. Zymogram analyses also show that 7D9 MAb has a high level of hydrolytic activity against different substrates such as casein and gelatin. This proteolytic activity can be inhibited by EDTA. These findings demonstrate the proteolytic character of 7D9 MAb and consequently explain its instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manouchehr Mirshahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Ikhmyangan EN, Vasilenko NL, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Metal ions-dependent peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of polyclonal IgGs from the sera of Wistar rats. J Mol Recognit 2006; 19:91-105. [PMID: 16416456 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present evidence showing that a small fraction of electrophoretically homogeneous IgGs from the sera of healthy Wistar rats is bound with several different Me2+ ions and oxidizes 3,3'-diaminobenzidine through a peroxidase activity in the presence of H2O2 and through an oxidoreductase activity in the absence of H2O2. During purification on Protein A-Sepharose and gel filtration, the polyclonal IgGs partially lose the Me2+ ions. Therefore, in the absence of external metal ions, the specific peroxidase activity of IgGs from the sera of different rats varied in the range 1.6-26% and increased up to 13-198% after addition of Fe2+ or Cu2+ ions as compared with horseradish peroxidase (HRP, taken for 100%). The oxidoreductase activity of HRP is 24-fold lower than its peroxidase activity, while oxidoreductase and peroxidase activities of IgGs are comparable. Oxidoreductase activities of different IgGs in the absence of external metal ions varied from 22 to 800%, and in the presence of Fe2+ or Cu2+ ions, from 37 to 1100% in comparison with the HRP oxidoreductase activity (100%). Chromatography of the IgGs on Chelex-100 leads to the adsorption of a small IgG fraction bound with metal ions and to its separation to many different subfractions demonstrating various affinities to the chelating resin and increased levels of the specific oxidoreductase and peroxidase activities. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutases, catalases, and glutathione peroxidases are known to represent critical defense mechanisms for preventing oxidative modifications of DNA, proteins, and lipids. Peroxidase and oxidoreductase activity of antibodies may play an important role in the protection of organisms from oxidative stress and toxic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdenechimeg N Ikhmyangan
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Odintsova ES, Kharitonova MA, Baranovskii AG, Sizyakina LP, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Proteolytic activity of IgG antibodies from blood of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2006; 71:251-61. [PMID: 16545061 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297906030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic activity of polyclonal IgG antibodies (Abs) from the blood of AIDS patients was analyzed for the first time. These Abs were shown to display higher activity in hydrolysis of beta-casein than in hydrolysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) or human serum albumin (HSA). Several abzymatic criteria were applied and it was shown that RT, HSA, and beta-casein hydrolyzing activities are an intrinsic property of polyclonal Abs from AIDS patients. Casein-hydrolyzing Abs were detected in the blood serum for 95% of AIDS patients, and it was shown that they possess serine protease-like catalytic activity. The substrate specificities of polyclonal Ab proteases and typical human proteases are different. Depending on the patient, the IgGs exhibit various pH optima of proteolytic activity. The products of casein hydrolysis by Ab proteases were different from those in the case of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and proteinase K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Odintsova
- Novosibirsk Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Polosukhina DI, Kanyshkova TG, Doronin BM, Tyshkevich OB, Buneva VN, Boiko AN, Gusev EI, Nevinsky GA, Favorova OO. Metal-dependent hydrolysis of myelin basic protein by IgGs from the sera of patients with multiple sclerosis. Immunol Lett 2005; 103:75-81. [PMID: 16310860 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2005.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous IgG fractions were obtained by chromatography of the sera of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on Protein G-Sepharose under conditions that remove non-specifically bound proteins. These IgGs contained several chelated metals, the relative amount of which decreases in the order: Fe>or=Ca>Cu>or=Zn>or=Mg>or=Mn>or=Pb>or=Co>or=Ni. In contrast to homogeneous IgGs of healthy individuals, Abs of MS patients effectively hydrolyzed human myelin basic protein (MBP). A minor metal-dependent fraction was obtained by chromatography of highly purified IgGs from MS patient on Chelex-100. This IgG fraction did not hydrolyze human MBP in the absence of Me(2+) ions but was activated after addition of Me(2+) ions: Mg(2+)>Mn(2+)>Cu(2+)>Ca(2+). Proteolytic activities of IgGs from other MS patients were also activated by other metal ions (Ni(2+), Fe(2+), Co(2+), Zn(2+), Pb(2+), and Co(2+)) and especially Ni(2+). Ni(2+)-activated IgGs were separated into distinct MBP-hydrolyzing fractions by chromatography on HiTraptrade mark Chelating Sepharose charged with Ni(2+). Detection of Mg(2+)-dependent proteolytic activity in the SDS-PAGE area corresponding only to IgG provided direct evidence that IgG from sera of MS patients possesses metal-dependent human MBP-hydrolyzing activity. Observed properties of MS abzymes distinguish them from other known mammalian metalloproteases and demonstrate their pronounced catalytic diversity. Metal-dependent IgGs from MS patients represent the first example of abzymes with metal-dependent proteolytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dar'ya I Polosukhina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
McGuire KL, Holmes DS. Role of complementary proteins in autoimmunity: an old idea re-emerges with new twists. Trends Immunol 2005; 26:367-72. [PMID: 15927527 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2005.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Revised: 04/29/2005] [Accepted: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that complementary proteins are involved in autoimmunity through a network involving idiotype-anti-idiotype reactions termed 'autoantigen complementarity'. We propose that complementary proteins, which occur naturally or result from cellular dysfunction, might be more common than recognized currently. This implies that the role of complementary proteins in autoimmunity merits increasing investigation. The concept of complementary proteins is reviewed here and, also, new ideas are presented that underscore the role of open-reading frames in frame -1 of recognized genes in the production of complementary proteins (frame -1 is the reverse complement sequence of a gene that uses the antisense of the codons of frame +1). Furthermore, a novel role for palindromic sequences in autoimmunity and a new model explaining how abzymes and autoantigen complementarity might be related are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L McGuire
- Department of Biology and the Molecular Biology Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Ikhmyangan EN, Vasilenko NL, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. IgG antibodies with peroxidase-like activity from the sera of healthy Wistar rats. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:3960-4. [PMID: 15993881 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Various catalytic antibodies or abzymes (Abzs) have been detected recently in the sera of patients and animals with many autoimmune diseases, where their presence is most probably associated with autoimmunization. Normal humans or animals usually do not contain Abzs. In contrast, polyclonal Abzs from healthy humans and animals have an intrinsic superoxide dismutase activity and catalyze formation of H(2)O(2) (Wentworth et al., 2000, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA; 2001, Science). Here, we present the first evidence showing that highly purified native IgGs from the sera of healthy Wistar rats interact with H(2)O(2) and possess peroxidase-like activity. Specific peroxidase activity of IgG preparations from the sera of 10 rats varied in the range 1.6-27% as compared with that for horseradish peroxidase (100%). Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutases, catalases, and glutathione peroxidases are known to represent critical defence mechanisms for preventing oxidative modifications of DNA, proteins, and lipids. Antioxidant peroxidase activity of Abzs can also play an important role in the protection of organisms from oxidative stress as well as in oxidation of toxic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdenechimeg N Ikhmyangan
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|