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Sharmila S, Christiana I, Kiran P, Reddy MVR, Sankaran K, Kaliraj P. Bacterial lipid modification enhances immunoprophylaxis of filarial abundant larval transcript-2 protein in Mastomys model. Parasite Immunol 2014; 35:201-13. [PMID: 23495791 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As in many other parasitic diseases, efficacious vaccine for lymphatic filariasis has been elusive for want of new approaches leaving billions of people either debilitated or at risk. With multiple B- and T-cell epitopes, the abundant larval transcript-2 (ALT-2) of the filarial worm, Brugia malayi, has been shown to be a promising immunoprophylactic target. To enhance its efficacy, it was lipid modified using our recently developed protein engineering tool, which then offered 30% more immunoprotection (49 vs. 79%) in Mastomys coucha model. Sustained high levels of IFN-γ (about 100 times) and high antibody titres (10-fold) elicited by lipid-modified ALT-2, as compared to the native form, indicated the maintenance of Th1/Th2 balance that is impaired in filariasis. Thus, this study provides the basis for developing efficacious vaccines for filariasis and other parasitic diseases by exploiting bacterial lipid modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharmila
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Nagaputra JC, Rollier CS, Sadarangani M, Hoe JC, Mehta OH, Norheim G, Saleem M, Chan H, Derrick JP, Feavers I, Pollard AJ, Moxon ER. Neisseria meningitidis native outer membrane vesicles containing different lipopolysaccharide glycoforms as adjuvants for meningococcal and nonmeningococcal antigens. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:234-42. [PMID: 24351756 PMCID: PMC3910940 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00561-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the adjuvant effect of a modified glycoform of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (LgtB-LpxL1) compared to that of the nonmodified glycoform Lpxl1 serogroup B meningococcal H44/76 native outer membrane vesicles (nOMVs) on immune responses to vaccination with the recombinant meningococcal protein, rPorA, tetanus toxoid, or meningococcal serogroup C capsular polysaccharide. We used LgtB-LpxL1 LPS because the disruption of the lgtB gene, which results in the exposure of N-acetylglucosamine-galactose-glucose residues in the LPS outer core, has been shown to enhance the activation of human dendritic cells in vitro. The responses were compared to those of a monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL)-based adjuvant and to an aluminum hydroxide suspension. The nOMVs induced blood serum IgG responses against each of the three antigens comparable to those obtained with MPL or aluminum salt. However, nOMVs elicited (i) a lower IgG1/IgG2a ratio against rPorA and (ii) serum bactericidal antibody titers superior to those achieved with aluminum salt, reaching similar titers to those obtained with MPL. Similarly, bactericidal antibody titers induced by immunization with meningococcal serogroup C polysaccharide and nOMVs were similar to those obtained using MPL but were better than those with aluminum salt. Immunization with tetanus toxoid and nOMVs resulted in tetanus toxoid-specific IgG responses similar to those obtained when adjuvanted with aluminum salt. These results highlight the potential utility of meningococcal LpxL1 LPS-containing nOMVs as an adjuvant for recombinant meningococcal protein vaccines and suggest their possible use with a variety of other antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry C. Nagaputra
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christine S. Rollier
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J. Claire Hoe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ojas Hrakesh Mehta
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gunnstein Norheim
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Chan
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy P. Derrick
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Feavers
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E. Richard Moxon
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Liang A, Riaz H, Dong F, Luo X, Yu X, Han Y, Chong Z, Han L, Guo A, Yang L. Evaluation of efficacy, biodistribution and safety of antibiotic-free plasmid encoding somatostatin genes delivered by attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis. Vaccine 2014; 32:1368-74. [PMID: 24486312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe here a balanced-lethal system using an Asd(+) expression plasmid pVGS/2SS-asd encoding two copies of somatostatin (SS) genes carried by Δasd/Δcrp double mutant Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (named C501). The advantage of this novel system is the use of asd (aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) gene as selection marker to replace the antibiotic resistance markers, thus eliminating the industrial cultivation and environmental problems. We then evaluated the efficacy, biodistribution and safety of antibiotic-free plasmid delivered by strains C501. Mice orally immunized with C501 (pVGS/2SS-asd) had significantly higher levels of anti-SS total IgG and IgA antibodies than control mice and demonstrated a bias toward Th2-associated responses (IgG1/IgG2a ratio>1). Safety evaluation indicated that vaccinated mice displayed no abnormal clinical signs and histological changes. Biodistribution result revealed that the GS/2SS message was detected in several examined tissues with the exception of ovary and brain, but was rapidly cleared from the body (approximately 10 days). Furthermore, the risk of integration of plasmid pVGS/2SS-asd into the host cellular genome was considered to be negligible. These results may have important implications for the use of vaccine strain C501 (pVGS/2SS-asd) in domestic animals and prompt new perspectives on the safety of DNA vaccines delivered by attenuated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hasan Riaz
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Fangxiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yanguo Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhenlu Chong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Novel polysaccharide from Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan can improve immune response to ovalbumin in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:121-8. [PMID: 24418339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of oral administration of the polysaccharide from the Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan (RCPS) for its adjuvant potential on the specific cellular and humoral immune responses in mice. In this study, our data demonstrated that oral administration of RCPS significantly enhanced the phagocytic capacity of peritoneal macrophage, splenocyte proliferation, the activity of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers. Furthermore, RCPS promoted the level of interleukin-2(IL-2), IFN-γ and IL-4 in CD4(+)T cells and level of IFN-γ in CD8(+)T cells. In addition, RCPS enhanced the expression of CD40(+), CD80(+) and CD86(+) on the dendritic cells (DCs). Importantly, RCPS down-regulated the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)Treg cells. Taken together, these results suggested that RCPS could increase both cellular and humoral immune responses via up-regulating DCs maturation, and suppressing Treg frequency.
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Huang S, Huang Q, Huang B, Lu F. The effect of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on immune response in mouse model of experimental periodontitis. J Dent Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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56
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Considerations for use of acupuncture as supplemental therapy for patients with allergic asthma. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2013; 44:254-61. [PMID: 22661215 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-012-8321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the clinical and immunomodulatory effects of acupuncture in the treatment of patients with allergic asthma. The acupuncture points GV14, BL12, and BL13 were selected based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine in treating asthma. Manual acupuncture was performed once every other day (three times per week) for 5 weeks. The needles were twisted approximately 360° evenly at the rate of 60 times/min for 20 s, manipulated every 10 min and withdrawn after 30 min. Concentrations of sIgA and total IgA in secretions were determined by the combination of sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation and RIA. Levels of cortisol in the plasma were measured by RIA. Total IgE in the sera was examined by ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to detect the numbers of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and IL-2R + T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. The absolute and differential numbers of eosinophils in peripheral blood were counted with eosin staining. The total efficacy of the acupuncture treatment in patients with allergic asthma at the end of one course of treatment was 85 %. After treatment, the concentrations of sIgA and total IgA in the saliva (P<0.01, P<0.02) and nasal secretions (P<0.02, P<0.02) were significantly decreased in patients with allergic asthma. The levels of total IgE in sera (P<0.001), the counts of IL-2R + T lymphocytes (P<0.001), and the absolute and differential numbers of eosinophils (P<0.01, P<0.01) in the peripheral blood were also significantly decreased. The numbers of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were significantly increased in the allergic asthmatics treated by acupuncture (P<0.001, P<0.01, and P<0.001, respectively). The concentration of cortisol in the plasma of asthmatic patients did not change significantly after the acupuncture treatment (P>0.05). Acupuncture has regulatory effects on mucosal and cellular immunity in patients with allergic asthma and may be an adjunctive therapy for allergic asthma.
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Sadakane K, Ichinose T, Takano H, Yanagisawa R, Koike E, Inoue KI. The alkylphenols 4-nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-tert-butylphenol aggravate atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:893-902. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sadakane
- Department of Health Sciences; Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences; Megusuno Oita City Oita Japan
| | - Takamichi Ichinose
- Department of Health Sciences; Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences; Megusuno Oita City Oita Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Kyoto University Graduate School of Engineering; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Rie Yanagisawa
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba City Ibaraki Japan
| | - Eiko Koike
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba City Ibaraki Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Inoue
- Center for Medical Science; International University of Health and Welfare; Otawara Tochigi Japan
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58
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Wang M, Meng X, Yang R, Qin T, Li Y, Zhang L, Fei C, Zhen W, Zhang K, Wang X, Hu Y, Xue F. Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides can improve the immune efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccine in chicken. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 59:178-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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59
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Chattopadhya D, Grover SS, Sharma M, Ichhpujani RL, Baveja UK. Immune response in HIV-1-infected children with thalassaemia given a primary course of DPT vaccine before acquiring HIV-1 infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 23:279-92. [PMID: 14738576 DOI: 10.1179/027249303225007824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of HIV infection on immune response to diphtheria and tetanus primary immunisation was investigated in 24 HIV-1-positive multi-transfused (MT) children with thalassaemia and compared with 48 HIV-1-negative MT thalassaemic children and 36 HIV-1-negative non-transfused (NT) children in the community. Diphtheria and tetanus antibody levels in the HIV-1-positive MT group were comparable with the two HIV-negative groups. The proportions of children with antibody titres below the protective level (i.e. <0.01 IU/ml) for antidiphtheria antibodies were 20.8, 16.6 and 16.6%, and 12.5, 12.5 and 13.9% for anti-tetanus antibodies in the three groups, respectively. On the other hand, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to diphtheria and tetanus antigens was significantly depressed in the HIV-1-positive group compared with the HIV-negative controls. The mean percentages of both mature (CD20+) and immature (CD10+) B-cell counts were significantly higher in the HIV-1-positive group than in the HIV-negative MT and NT groups (p<0.05). Levels of serum immunoglobulins and spontaneously secreted immunoglobulins were significantly higher in the HIV-1-positive group compared with both HIV-negative groups. The HIV-1-positive group showed a mean (SD) IL-6 of 52.9 (28.8) pg/ml compared with 23.7 (12.1) pg/ml and a detection rate of 54.2% in the HIV-negative MT group, and 23.6 (8.2) pg/ml and a 50% detection rate in the HIV-negative NT group. The IL-2 level was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the HIV-1-positive group [41.7% detection rate and mean (SD) 28.8 (17.1) pg/ml] than in the HIV-negative MT and NT groups [75% and 83.3% detection rates and mean (SD) 57.2 (42.3) pg/ml and 99.3 (51.1) pg/ml, respectively]. During follow-up for 3 years, the frequency of major infections was significantly higher in the HIV-1-positive group than in the other two groups. Acute pneumonia and acute sinusitis were the predominant infections regardless of HIV status while primary bacteraemia, osteomyelitis, pyogenic meningitis and septic arthritis were common in the HIV-1-positive group. We conclude that, in HIV-1-infected children pre-immunised with DPT, DTH response to diphtheria and tetanus antigens might be more reliable than anti-diphtheria and anti-tetanus antibody levels in predicting susceptibility to major bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chattopadhya
- Division of AIDS, AIDS Reference Centre, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Delhi, India.
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60
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Sidiq T, Khajuria A, Shafi S, Ismail T, Sampath Kumar H, Kannappa Srinivas V, Krishna E, Kamal Johri R. Efficacy evaluation of two synthetic lysine lipidated tripeptides as vaccine adjuvants against HBsAg. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 705:68-78. [PMID: 23474022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, adjuvant potential of two novel lipidated tripeptide lysine derivatives (KKSM and KKSMB) was evaluated using various in vitro and animal-derived models of humoral and cell-mediated immune events in response to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The results were compared with alum adjuvanted with HBsAg. Both these molecules were found to stimulate anti-HBsAg IgG and neutralizing (IgG1 and IgG2a) antibody titres in mice sera. The two molecules stimulated the proliferation of T-lymphocyte sub-sets (CD4/CD8) as well as the production of soluble mediators of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 response (IL-4) in spleen cell culture supernatant. Furthermore, the two lipidated tripeptides enhanced the CD4, CD8, CD3 and CD19 cell populations as well as CD4/CD8 derived IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and TNF-α in whole blood of treated mice. There was found to be the significant enhancement in the release of IL-12, IFN-γ and nitrite content in macrophage supernatant. Moreover, the two lipidated tripeptides enhanced the population of CD80 and CD86 in spleen-derived macrophages and did not show any hemolytic effect on rabbit RBCs. Taken together, these results suggest that both these molecules are the potent enhancers of anti-HBsAg immune response via augmenting Th1/Th2 response in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabasum Sidiq
- Division of Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu-180001, India
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61
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Nawwab Al-Deen F, Ma C, Xiang SD, Selomulya C, Plebanski M, Coppel RL. On the efficacy of malaria DNA vaccination with magnetic gene vectors. J Control Release 2013; 168:10-7. [PMID: 23500060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy and types of immune responses from plasmid malaria DNA vaccine encoding VR1020-PyMSP119 condensed on the surface of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated SPIONs. In vivo mouse studies were done firstly to determine the optimum magnetic vector composition, and then to observe immune responses elicited when magnetic vectors were introduced via different administration routes. Higher serum antibody titers against PyMSP119 were observed with intraperitoneal and intramuscular injections than subcutaneous and intradermal injections. Robust IgG2a and IgG1 responses were observed for intraperitoneal administration, which could be due to the physiology of peritoneum as a major reservoir of macrophages and dendritic cells. Heterologous DNA prime followed by single protein boost vaccination regime also enhanced IgG2a, IgG1, and IgG2b responses, indicating the induction of appropriate memory immunity that can be elicited by protein on recall. These outcomes support the possibility to design superparamagnetic nanoparticle-based DNA vaccines to optimally evoke desired antibody responses, useful for a variety of diseases including malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Nawwab Al-Deen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
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62
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Fukuoka A, Futatsugi-Yumikura S, Takahashi S, Kazama H, Iyoda T, Yoshimoto T, Inaba K, Nakanishi K, Yonehara S. Identification of a novel type 2 innate immunocyte with the ability to enhance IgE production. Int Immunol 2013; 25:373-82. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxs160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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63
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Gupta A, Hunt CR, Pandita RK, Pae J, Komal K, Singh M, Shay JW, Kumar R, Ariizumi K, Horikoshi N, Hittelman WN, Guha C, Ludwig T, Pandita TK. T-cell-specific deletion of Mof blocks their differentiation and results in genomic instability in mice. Mutagenesis 2013; 28:263-70. [PMID: 23386701 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia patients develop lymphoid malignancies of both B- and T-cell origin. Similarly, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (Atm)-deficient mice exhibit severe defects in T-cell maturation and eventually develop thymomas. The function of ATM is known to be influenced by the mammalian orthologue of the Drosophila MOF (males absent on the first) gene. Here, we report the effect of T-cell-specific ablation of the mouse Mof (Mof) gene on leucocyte trafficking and survival. Conditional Mof(Flox/Flox) (Mof (F/F)) mice expressing Cre recombinase under control of the T-cell-specific Lck proximal promoter (Mof(F/F)/Lck-Cre(+)) display a marked reduction in thymus size compared with Mof(F/F)/Lck-Cre(-) mice. In contrast, the spleen size of Mof(F/F)/Lck-Cre(+) mice was increased compared with control Mof(F/F)/Lck-Cre(-) mice. The thymus of Mof(F/F)/Lck-Cre(+) mice contained significantly reduced T cells, whereas thymic B cells were elevated. Within the T-cell population, CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive T-cell levels were reduced, whereas the immature CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative (DN) population was elevated. Defective T-cell differentiation is also evident as an increased DN3 (CD44(-)CD25(+)) population, the cell stage during which T-cell receptor rearrangement takes place. The differentiation defect in T cells and reduced thymus size were not rescued in a p53-deficient background. Splenic B-cell distributions were similar between Mof(F/F)/Lck-Cre(+) and Mof(F/F)/Lck-Cre(-) mice except for an elevation of the κ light-chain population, suggestive of an abnormal clonal expansion. T cells from Mof(F/F)/Lck-Cre(+) mice did not respond to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, whereas LPS-stimulated B cells from Mof(F/F)/Lck-Cre(+) mice demonstrated spontaneous genomic instability. Mice with T-cell-specific loss of MOF had shorter lifespans and decreased survival following irradiation than did Mof(F/F)/Lck-Cre(-) mice. These observations suggest that Mof plays a critical role in T-cell differentiation and that depletion of Mof in T cells reduces T-cell numbers and, by an undefined mechanism, induces genomic instability in B cells through bystander mechanism. As a result, these mice have a shorter lifespan and reduced survival after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75229, USA
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Charret KS, Lagrota-Cândido J, Carvalho-Pinto CE, Hottz CF, Lira MLF, Rodrigues RF, Gomes AO, Bernardino AM, Canto-Cavalheiro MM, Leon LL, Amaral VF. The histopathological and immunological pattern of CBA mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis after treatment with pyrazole carbohydrazide derivatives. Exp Parasitol 2013; 133:201-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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65
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Feng H, Du X, Tang J, Cao X, Han X, Chen Z, Chen Y, Zeng X. Enhancement of the immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in mice by oral administration of a Novel polysaccharide from the roots of Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan (RC). Cell Immunol 2013; 281:111-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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66
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Coffman RL. Converging Discoveries: The First Reports of IL-4. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:847-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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67
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Schulten V, Oseroff C, Alam R, Broide D, Vijayanand P, Peters B, Sette A. The identification of potentially pathogenic and therapeutic epitopes from common human allergens. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2012; 110:7-10. [PMID: 23244651 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To outline the processes involved in large-scale T-cell epitope identification from common allergens and illustrate their relevance to development of allergy specific immunotherapy. DATA SOURCES A set of studies recently published by our laboratory illustrating high-throughput identification of allergen specific T-cell epitopes. STUDY SELECTION T-cell responses contribute both directly and indirectly to allergy-related disease. However, the molecular targets (epitopes) recognized by allergen-specific T cells are largely undefined. We review several different studies in the last 2 years that identified novel T-cell epitopes from a panel of 32 different allergen sources. RESULTS Allergen-specific T-cell responses are highly heterogeneous. Epitopes prevalently recognized in allergic patients are often capable of binding to multiple HLA class II molecules. This feature can be used to predict these promiscuous epitopes by bioinformatic predictions. This approach was validated in the Timothy grass system and then applied to a panel of 31 other allergen sources. CONCLUSION T-cell epitopes for common allergens have been identified, and a general method to identify epitopes from additional allergens has been validated. Characterization of epitopes for common allergens might enable new diagnostics and immunotherapy regimens. These data will also allow the study of T-cell responses in different patient populations and throughout disease progression.
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In vitro interleukin 4 and interferon-gamma production by mononuclear cells from atopic dermatitis patients. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2:411-5. [PMID: 18475556 PMCID: PMC2365435 DOI: 10.1155/s0962935193000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/1993] [Accepted: 09/02/1993] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to elucidate further the possible role of specific cytokines in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) the in vitro production of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in patients with severe atopic dermatitis (n = 4) was compared with that in a group of non-atopic healthy controls. Overall IL-4 production by PHA- and PWM-driven PBMNCs was increased in controls during the first 48 h in culture. Addition of interleukin 2 (IL-2) into parallel cultures generated an insignificant (p > 0.05) increase in IL-4 production in AD patients compared with that from controls. IFN-γ production by PWM-stimulated PBMNCs was markedly decreased in AD patients compared with controls (p < 0.01). Addition of IL-2 (250 U/ml) to parallel cultures failed to restore IFN-γ production in AD patients. Finally, no IL-4 or IFN-γ activity could be detected in any of the sera. In conclusion, the data suggest a possible dysregulation of cytokine production in at least a subgroup of AD patients, with an impaired capacity to secrete IFN-γ, but a partially intact IL-4 generating capacity.
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69
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Feng D, Yang L, Bi X, Stone RC, Patel P, Barnes BJ. Irf5-deficient mice are protected from pristane-induced lupus via increased Th2 cytokines and altered IgG class switching. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1477-87. [PMID: 22678902 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the transcription factor interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) have been identified that show a strong association with an increased risk of developing the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A potential pathological role for IRF5 in SLE development is supported by the fact that increased IRF5 mRNA and protein are observed in primary blood cells of SLE patients and this correlates with an increased risk of developing the disease. Here, we demonstrate that IRF5 is required for pristane-induced SLE via its ability to control multiple facets of autoimmunity. We show that IRF5 is required for pathological hypergammaglobulinemia and, in the absence of IRF5, IgG class switching is reduced. Examination of in vivo cytokine expression (and autoantibody production) identified an increase in Irf5(-/-) mice of Th2 cytokines. In addition, we provide clear evidence that loss of Irf5 significantly weakens the in vivo type I IFN signature critical for disease pathogenesis in this model of murine lupus. Together, these findings demonstrate the importance of IRF5 for autoimmunity and provide a significant new insight into how overexpression of IRF5 in blood cells of SLE patients may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Feng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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70
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Joseph SK, Sambanthamoorthy S, Dakshinamoorthy G, Munirathinam G, Ramaswamy K. Protective immune responses to biolistic DNA vaccination of Brugia malayi abundant larval transcript-2. Vaccine 2012; 30:6477-82. [PMID: 22885273 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Biolistic vaccination using gene gun is developed as a safer tool for delivery of DNA vaccines, a technique that combines high vaccine efficiency with lower antigen dosage and lower cost per vaccine dose. In this study, we compared the protective responses in mice after delivering the Brugia malayi abundant larval transcript-2 (BmALT-2) DNA vaccine using the conventional intradermal approach or with the needleless gene gun delivery approach. BmALT-2 is a leading vaccine candidate against B. malayi, a lymphatic filarial parasite of human. After optimizing the DNA dose and gene gun parameters for delivery into mouse skin, groups of mice were biolistically vaccinated with 5 μg of BmALT-2pVAX. Groups of mice vaccinated intradermally with 5 μg or 100 μg of BmALT-2pVAX was used for comparison of vaccine efficacy. Results demonstrated that gene gun vaccination with 5 μg of BmALT-2pVAX conferred significant protection against challenge infection that was comparable to the degree of protection conferred by intradermal vaccination with 100 μg of BmALT-2pVAX. This observation was further supported by an in vitro antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay. Analysis of the immune response showed that the gene gun vaccination predominantly induced an IgG1 antibody response and significantly high Th2 cytokine response (IL-4) from spleen cells compared to intradermal BmALT-2 DNA delivery that induced predominantly an IgG2a and Th1 cytokine response (IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF-α). These findings show that host protective responses could be achieved with 20 fold decrease in DNA dose using a gene gun and could prove to be an efficient delivery method in BmALT-2 DNA vaccination against lymphatic filariasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Joseph
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA
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71
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Barker T, Martins TB, Hill HR, Kjeldsberg CR, Henriksen VT, Dixon BM, Schneider ED, Dern A, Weaver LK. Different doses of supplemental vitamin D maintain interleukin-5 without altering skeletal muscle strength: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in vitamin D sufficient adults. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:16. [PMID: 22405472 PMCID: PMC3325895 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplemental vitamin D modulates inflammatory cytokines and skeletal muscle function, but results are inconsistent. It is unknown if these inconsistencies are dependent on the supplemental dose of vitamin D. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the influence of different doses of supplemental vitamin D on inflammatory cytokines and muscular strength in young adults. METHODS Men (n = 15) and women (n = 15) received a daily placebo or vitamin D supplement (200 or 4000 IU) for 28-d during the winter. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), cytokine concentrations and muscular (leg) strength measurements were performed prior to and during supplementation. Statistical significance of data were assessed with a two-way (time, treatment) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, followed by a Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference to test multiple pairwise comparisons. RESULTS Upon enrollment, 63% of the subjects were vitamin D sufficient (serum 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/ml). Serum 25(OH)D and interleukin (IL)-5 decreased (P < 0.05) across time in the placebo group. Supplemental vitamin D at 200 IU maintained serum 25(OH)D concentrations and increased IL-5 (P < 0.05). Supplemental vitamin D at 4000 IU increased (P < 0.05) serum 25(OH)D without altering IL-5 concentrations. Although serum 25(OH)D concentrations correlated (P < 0.05) with muscle strength, muscle strength was not changed by supplemental vitamin D. CONCLUSION In young adults who were vitamin D sufficient prior to supplementation, we conclude that a low-daily dose of supplemental vitamin D prevents serum 25(OH)D and IL-5 concentration decreases, and that muscular strength does not parallel the 25(OH)D increase induced by a high-daily dose of supplemental vitamin D. Considering that IL-5 protects against viruses and bacterial infections, these findings could have a broad physiological importance regarding the ability of vitamin D sufficiency to mediate the immune systems protection against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Barker
- The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT, 84107, USA.
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72
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Moschovakis GL, Bubke A, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Braun A, Prinz I, Kremmer E, Förster R. Deficient CCR7 signaling promotes TH2 polarization and B-cell activation in vivo. Eur J Immunol 2011; 42:48-57. [PMID: 21969271 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 has a central role in regulating homing and positioning of T cells and DCs to lymph nodes (LNs) and participates in T-cell development and activation. In this study, we addressed the role of CCR7 signaling in T(H) 2 polarization and B-cell activation. We provide evidence that the lack of CCR7 drives the capacity of naïve CD4(+) T cells to polarize toward T(H) 2 cells. This propensity contributes to a lymph node environment in CCR7-deficent mice characterized by increased expression of IL-4 and increased frequency of T(H) 2 cells. We show that elevated IL-4 levels lead to B-cell activation characterized by up-regulated expression of MHC class II, CD23 and CD86. Activated B cells are in turn highly efficient in presenting antigen to CD4(+) T cells and thus potentially contribute to the T(H) 2 microenvironment. Taken together, our results support the idea of a CCR7-dependent patterning of T(H) 2 responses, with absent CCR7 signaling favoring T(H) 2 polarization, dislocation of T helper cells into the B-cell follicles and, as a consequence, B-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Moschovakis
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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73
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Soni VK, Yadav DK, Bano N, Dixit P, Pathak M, Maurya R, Sahai M, Jain SK, Misra-Bhattacharya S. N-Methyl-6, 7-dimethoxyisoquinolone in Annona squamosa twigs is the major immune modifier to elicit polarized Th1 immune response in BALB/c mice. Fitoterapia 2011; 83:110-6. [PMID: 22004725 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Annona squamosa (AS) has traditionally been used as ethnomedicine. We have earlier extracted and fractionated the twigs of AS based upon its bioactivity and observed its immune potentiating activity that was localized in its three fractions. Present communication deals with the phytochemical analysis and pharmacological investigation of the most active chloroform fraction that led to isolation and identification of a number of compounds whose structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. Amongst the twelve pure compounds isolated, five compounds Lanuginosine (1), (+)-O-methylarmepavine (2), (+)-anomuricine (3), Isocorydine (4), and N-methyl-6, 7-dimethoxyisoquinolone (5) were evaluated in vivo for their immune modifier activities in BALB/c mice after oral administration at three log doses of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. Of these, three compounds (1, 2 and 5) showed dose dependent immune stimulating activity. However, the uppermost activity was noted in the compound N-methyl-6, 7-dimethoxyisoquinolone at the 3.0mg/kg oral dose. The activity was assessed in the form of increased splenic T and B cellular proliferation, up-regulated CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ cell population and accentuation in the peritoneal macrophage function. The compound possibly acted modifying the expression of Th1- and Th2- cytokines via stimulation of pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ. These results warrant the use of the above compounds as an efficient immune-stimulant or immune-adjuvant against diseases with immune suppression. The analogs of the compound may further be chemically synthesized to achieve desired immune modifying activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar Soni
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, M.G. Marg, Lucknow (U.P.), India
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74
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Sharmila S, Christiana I, Kiran P, Reddy MVR, Kaliraj P. The adjuvant-free immunoprotection of recombinant filarial protein Abundant Larval Transcript-2 (ALT-2) in Mastomys coucha and the immunoprophylactic importance of its putative signal sequence. Exp Parasitol 2011; 129:247-53. [PMID: 21864531 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The filarial protein Abundant Larval Transcript-2 (ALT-2) of the filarial parasite Brugia malayi has been shown to produce 74% worm clearance when administered with an adjuvant. In the present study, we show that it not only induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity, but also protection up to 71% in Mastomys coucha, a permissive animal model for filariasis, even without adjuvant. This unique feature of ALT-2 protein is highly restricted to its 21 amino acid N-terminal signal sequence, the absence of which resulted in poor immune response as well as immunoprotection (49%). Moreover, ALT-2 is likely to exert immunoprotection effects in B. malayi infection by maintaining a Th1-Th2 balance, evident from higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2a as well as IL-4 and IFN-γ. An improved understanding about the role of this filarial protein in host immunity, host-parasite interaction and worm clearance will aid in the development of good immunoprophylaxis for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Sharmila
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamilnadu, India
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75
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Vitamins E and C Modulate the Association Between Reciprocally Regulated Cytokines After an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Surgery. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2011; 90:638-47. [DOI: 10.1097/phm.0b013e318214e886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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76
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Hibi M, Hachimura S, Hashizume S, Obata T, Kaminogawa S. Amaranth Grain Inhibits Antigen-Specific IgE Production Through Augmentation of the IFN-gamma Response in vivo and in vitro. Cytotechnology 2011; 43:33-40. [PMID: 19003205 DOI: 10.1023/b:cyto.0000039908.34387.d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. (amaranth) is a nutritionally protein rich plant with a good yield, but there has been no research concerning its immunological effects in vivo or in vitro. In the present study, we examined the effects of amaranth grain on cytokine and IgE production using in vitro helper T cell development and IgE production assays and an animal model of an orally-induced, allergen-specific IgE response. First, we examined the effect of orally administered amaranth on serum IgE concentration which reflects the immune response during allergic disease. We observed significantly decreased (p < 0.05) allergen-specific IgE in the blood of mice in our animal model. We found that orally fed amaranth significantly augmented (p < 0.05) IFN-gamma production of spleen cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that the water-soluble fraction of amaranth grain promoted helper T cell type-1 (Th1) phenotype development. Moreover, we found that the amaranth grain extract suppressed antigen-specific IgE production in vitro. These data indicate that there is a component in amaranth grain which has a suppressive effect on IgE production and augments Th1 cytokine production. In conclusion, we found that amaranth grain and its extract inhibited antigen-specific IgE production through augmenting Th1 cytokine responses in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Hibi
- Research Center, Morinaga & Co. Ltd., Yokohama 230-8504, Japan,
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77
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Chitosan nanoparticles act as an adjuvant to promote both Th1 and Th2 immune responses induced by ovalbumin in mice. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1038-1055. [PMID: 21747747 PMCID: PMC3131560 DOI: 10.3390/md9061038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the promoted immune response to ovalbumin in mice by chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) and its toxicity. CNP did not cause any mortality or side effects when mice were administered subcutaneously twice with a dose of 1.5 mg at 7-day intervals. Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were immunized subcutaneously with 25 μg ovalbumin (OVA) alone or with 25 μg OVA dissolved in saline containing Quil A (10 μg), chitosan (CS) (50 μg) or CNP (12.5, 50 or 200 μg) on days 1 and 15. Two weeks after the secondary immunization, serum OVA-specific antibody titers, splenocyte proliferation, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and production and mRNA expression of cytokines from splenocytes were measured. The serum OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers and Con A-, LPS-, and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation were significantly enhanced by CNP (P < 0.05) as compared with OVA and CS groups. CNP also significantly promoted the production of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokines and up-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokines in splenocytes from the immunized mice compared with OVA and CS groups. Besides, CNP remarkably increased the killing activities of NK cells activity (P < 0.05). The results suggested that CNP had a strong potential to increase both cellular and humoral immune responses and elicited a balanced Th1/Th2 response, and that CNP may be a safe and efficacious adjuvant candidate suitable for a wide spectrum of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
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78
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Sidiq T, Khajuria A, Suden P, Singh S, Satti N, Suri K, Srinivas V, Krishna E, Johri R. A novel sarsasapogenin glycoside from Asparagus racemosus elicits protective immune responses against HBsAg. Immunol Lett 2011; 135:129-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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79
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Maia FC, McCall JW, Jr VAS, Peixoto CA, Supakorndej P, Supakorndej N, Alves LC. Structural and ultrastructural changes in the lungs of cats Felis catus (Linnaeus, 1758) experimentally infected with D. immitis (Leidy, 1856). Vet Parasitol 2011; 176:304-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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80
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Dehzad N, Bopp T, Reuter S, Klein M, Martin H, Ulges A, Stassen M, Schild H, Buhl R, Schmitt E, Taube C. Regulatory T cells more effectively suppress Th1-induced airway inflammation compared with Th2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:2238-44. [PMID: 21242522 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a syndrome with different inflammatory phenotypes. Animal models have shown that, after sensitization and allergen challenge, Th2 and Th1 cells contribute to the development of allergic airway disease. We have previously demonstrated that naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nTregs) can only marginally suppress Th2-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. In this study, we investigated nTreg-mediated suppression of Th2-induced and Th1-induced acute allergic airway disease. We demonstrate in vivo that nTregs exert their suppressive potency via cAMP transfer on Th2- and Th1-induced airway disease. A comparison of both phenotypes revealed that, despite similar cAMP transfers, Th1-driven airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation are more susceptible to nTreg-dependent suppression, suggesting that potential nTreg-based therapeutic strategies might be more effective in patients with predominantly neutrophilic airway inflammation based on deregulated Th1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dehzad
- III Medical Department, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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81
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Chaurasia JK, Mishra A, Tripathi YB. Immunomodulation property of hexane fraction of leaves of Cinnamomum tamala Linn. in rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2010; 28:454-60. [PMID: 20677178 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of Cinnamomum tamala Linn. (CT) (Lauraceae) clinically used in Ayurveda as antidiabetic and diuretic, but no reports are available towards immunomodulating property. Its hexane fraction (CTH) was orally given to rats for 10 days and delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH), antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), mitotic index in bone marrow cells and concanavalin A (Con A) mediated proliferation of lymphocytes were assessed. Further on 30 days treatment, change in body weight (BW), spleen weight, thymus weight, bone marrow cellularity and hematological changes were observed. It inhibited significantly the DTH response (IC(50) 1475 +/- 57.19 mg kg(-1) BW), antibody production, suppressed mitotic index in bone marrow cells along with the suppression of lymphocyte proliferation against Con A (IC(50) 63.33 +/- 1.95 microg mL(-1)). In all experiments, cyclophasphamide and dexamethasone had been used as reference drug for in vivo and in vitro studies, respectively. On 30 days treatment, the CTH (800 mg kg(-1) BW and above) significantly suppressed growth rate, increase of spleen and thymus weight and low bone marrow cellularity. In hematological examination, it inhibited total white blood cell and lymphocytes count and increased per cent of polymorphs. Thus, it could be suggested that the fraction possesses immunosuppressive property at doses, higher than 800 mg kg(-1) BW in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra K Chaurasia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanari, India
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82
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Assembly and immunological properties of Newcastle disease virus-like particles containing the respiratory syncytial virus F and G proteins. J Virol 2010; 85:366-77. [PMID: 20980510 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01861-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a serious respiratory pathogen in infants and young children as well as elderly and immunocompromised populations. However, no RSV vaccines are available. We have explored the potential of virus-like particles (VLPs) as an RSV vaccine candidate. VLPs composed entirely of RSV proteins were produced at levels inadequate for their preparation as immunogens. However, VLPs composed of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) nucleocapsid and membrane proteins and chimera proteins containing the ectodomains of RSV F and G proteins fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of NDV F and HN proteins, respectively, were quantitatively prepared from avian cells. Immunization of mice with these VLPs, without adjuvant, stimulated robust, anti-RSV F and G protein antibody responses. IgG2a/IgG1 ratios were very high, suggesting predominantly T(H)1 responses. In contrast to infectious RSV immunization, neutralization antibody titers were robust and stable for 4 months. Immunization with a single dose of VLPs resulted in the complete protection of mice from RSV replication in lungs. Upon RSV intranasal challenge of VLP-immunized mice, no enhanced lung pathology was observed, in contrast to the pathology observed in mice immunized with formalin-inactivated RSV. These results suggest that these VLPs are effective RSV vaccines in mice, in contrast to other nonreplicating RSV vaccine candidates.
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83
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Development of a Bacillus subtilis-based rotavirus vaccine. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2010; 17:1647-55. [PMID: 20810679 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00135-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis vaccine strains engineered to express either group A bovine or murine rotavirus VP6 were tested in adult mice for their ability to induce immune responses and provide protection against rotavirus challenge. Mice were inoculated intranasally with spores or vegetative cells of the recombinant strains of B. subtilis. To enhance mucosal immunity, whole cholera toxin (CT) or a mutant form (R192G) of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (mLT) were included as adjuvants. To evaluate vaccine efficacy, the immunized mice were challenged orally with EDIM EW murine rotavirus and monitored daily for 7 days for virus shedding in feces. Mice immunized with either VP6 spore or VP6 vegetative cell vaccines raised serum anti-VP6 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers, whereas only the VP6 spore vaccines generated fecal anti-VP6 IgA ELISA titers. Mice in groups that were immunized with VP6 spore vaccines plus CT or mLT showed significant reductions in virus shedding, whereas the groups of mice immunized with VP6 vegetative cell vaccines showed no difference in virus shedding compared with mice immunized with control spores or cells. These results demonstrate that intranasal inoculation with B. subtilis spore-based rotavirus vaccines is effective in generating protective immunity against rotavirus challenge in mice.
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84
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Silva ML, Martins MA, Espírito-Santo LR, Campi-Azevedo AC, Silveira-Lemos D, Ribeiro JGL, Homma A, Kroon EG, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Elói-Santos SM, Martins-Filho OA. Characterization of main cytokine sources from the innate and adaptive immune responses following primary 17DD yellow fever vaccination in adults. Vaccine 2010; 29:583-92. [PMID: 20732465 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of immune response following yellow fever (YF-17DD) vaccination are still poorly understood. In this study, we have performed a longitudinal investigation (days 0, 7, 15 and 30) to characterize the cytokine profile of innate and adaptive immunity following YF-17DD first-time vaccination. Data from non-stimulated cultures demonstrated a prominent participation of the innate immunity with increased frequency of TNF-α(+) neutrophils and IFN-γ(+) NK-cells at day 7 besides TNF-α(+) monocytes at day 7, day 15 and day 30. Increased frequency of IL-10(+) monocytes was observed at day 15 and day 30, and decreased percentage of IL-4(+) NK-cells were detected at day 7, day 15 and day 30. Time-dependent and oscillating cytokine pattern was observed in CD4(+) T-cells, with low percentage of IL-12(+), IL-4(+) and IL-10(+) cells at day 7 and increased frequency of TNF-α(+) cells at day 15 besides IFN-γ(+) and IL-5(+) cells at day 15 and day 30. Later changes with increased percentage of IL-12(+) and IL-5(+)CD8(+) T-cells were observed at day 30. Increased frequency of IL-10(+) B-cells was observed at day 15, when seroconversion was detected in all vaccinees. The overall cytokine analysis of non-stimulated leukocytes showed a transient shift towards a pro-inflammatory profile at day 7, mainly due to changes in the innate immunity, which draws back toward a mixed/regulatory pattern at day 15 and day 30. The changes induced by the in vitro YF-17DD vaccine-stimulation were mainly observed at day 0 and day 7 (before seroconversion) with minor changes at day 15 and day 30 (after seroconversion). These data support the hypothesis that a complex network with mixed pro/anti-inflammatory cytokine profile is associated with the establishment of the protective immunity following YF-17DD primo-vaccination, free of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Silva
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
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85
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Durrant DM, Metzger DW. Emerging roles of T helper subsets in the pathogenesis of asthma. Immunol Invest 2010; 39:526-49. [PMID: 20450290 DOI: 10.3109/08820131003615498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cardinal features of asthma include pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Classically, asthma, specifically allergic asthma, has been attributed to a hyperactive Th2 cell immune response. However, the Th2 cell-mediated inflammation model has failed to adequately explain many of the clinical and molecular aspects of asthma. In addition, the outcomes of Th2-targeted therapeutic trials have been disappointing. Thus, asthma is now believed to be a complex and heterogeneous disorder, with several molecular mechanisms underlying the airway inflammation and AHR that is associated with asthma. The original classification of Th1 and Th2 pathways has recently been expanded to include additional effector Th cell subsets. These include Th17, Th9 and Treg cells. Emerging data highlight the involvement of these new Th cell subsets in the initiation and augmentation of airway inflammation and asthmatic responses. We now review the roles of these recently classified effector Th cell subsets in asthmatic inflammation and the insights they may provide in addition to the traditional Th2 paradigm. The hope is that a clearer understanding of the inflammatory pathways involved and the mediators of inflammation will yield better targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Durrant
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
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86
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Schäfer K, Waterboer T, Rösl F. A capture ELISA for monitoring papillomavirus-induced antibodies in Mastomys coucha. J Virol Methods 2010; 163:216-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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87
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An immunotherapeutic treatment against flea allergy dermatitis in cats by co-immunization of DNA and protein vaccines. Vaccine 2010; 28:1997-2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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88
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Baculovirus-based nasal drop vaccine confers complete protection against malaria by natural boosting of vaccine-induced antibodies in mice. Infect Immun 2009; 78:595-602. [PMID: 19901059 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00877-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-stage malaria parasites ablate memory B cells generated by vaccination in mice, resulting in diminishing natural boosting of vaccine-induced antibody responses to infection. Here we show the development of a new vaccine comprising a baculovirus-based Plasmodium yoelii 19-kDa carboxyl terminus of merozoite surface protein 1 (PyMSP1(19)) capable of circumventing the tactics of parasites in a murine model. The baculovirus-based vaccine displayed PyMSP1(19) on the surface of the virus envelope in its native three-dimensional structure. Needle-free intranasal immunization of mice with the baculovirus-based vaccine induced strong systemic humoral immune responses with high titers of PyMSP1(19)-specific antibodies. Most importantly, this vaccine conferred complete protection by natural boosting of vaccine-induced PyMSP1(19)-specific antibody responses shortly after challenge. The protective mechanism is a mixed Th1/Th2-type immunity, which is associated with the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-dependent pathway. The present study offers a novel strategy for the development of malaria blood-stage vaccines capable of naturally boosting vaccine-induced antibody responses to infection.
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89
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Yao K, Sato K, Usui D, Kurihara R, Okamoto M, Iguchi Y, Nishiyama K. Chemosurgery with trichloroacetic acid for allergic rhinitis: Evaluation of the efficacy in terms of inhibition of Th2 cell infiltration. Auris Nasus Larynx 2009; 36:292-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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90
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Sun HX, Wang H, Xu HS, Ni Y. Novel polysaccharide adjuvant from the roots of Actinidia eriantha with dual Th1 and Th2 potentiating activity. Vaccine 2009; 27:3984-91. [PMID: 19389450 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Revised: 04/05/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The plant polysaccharides are recognized as an effective biological response modifier with low toxicity. In this study, the water-soluble polysaccharide from the roots of Actinidia eriantha (AEPS) was evaluated for its toxicity and adjuvant potential on the specific cellular and humoral immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. AEP did not cause any mortality and side effects when mice were administered subcutaneously twice at the dose up to 5.0mg at intervals of 7 days. The mice were immunized subcutaneously with OVA 100 microg alone or with OVA 100 microg dissolved in saline containing Quil A (10 microg) or AEPS (25, 50, or 100 microg) on days 1 and 15. Two weeks later, splenocyte proliferation, natural killer (NK) cell activity, production and mRNA expression of cytokines from splenocytes, and serum OVA-specific antibody titers were measured. The Con A-, LPS-, and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation and the serum OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers in the immunized mice were significantly enhanced by AEPS (P<0.05, P<0.01 or P<0.001). AEPS also significantly promoted the production of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokines and up-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines and T-bet and GATA-3 transcription factors in splenocytes from the immunized mice (P<0.05, P<0.01 or P<0.001). Besides, AEPS remarkably increased the killing activities of NK cells from splenocytes in the immunized mice (P<0.01 or P<0.001). The results indicated that AEPS had strong potential to increase both cellular and humoral immune responses and elicit a balanced Th1/Th2 response, and that AEPS may be a safe and efficacious adjuvant candidate suitable for a wide spectrum of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemic Etiology & Immunological Prevention of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China.
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91
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Singh M, Shakya S, Soni VK, Dangi A, Kumar N, Bhattacharya SM. The n-hexane and chloroform fractions of Piper betle L. trigger different arms of immune responses in BALB/c mice and exhibit antifilarial activity against human lymphatic filarid Brugia malayi. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:716-28. [PMID: 19281872 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 02/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of immune functions by using herbal plants and their products has become fundamental regime of therapeutic approach. Piper betle Linn. (Piperaceae) is a widely distributed plant in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world and has been attributed as traditional herbal remedy for many diseases. We have recently reported the antifilarial and antileishmanial efficacy in the leaf extract of Bangla Mahoba landrace of P. betle which is a female plant. The present report describes the in vivo immunomodulatory efficacy of the crude methanolic extract and its n-hexane, chloroform, n-butanol fractions of the female plant at various dose levels ranging between 0.3 and 500 mg/kg in BALB/c. Attempts were also made to observe antifilarial activity of the active extracts and correlate it with the antigen specific immune responses in another rodent Mastomys coucha infected with human lymphatic filarial parasite Brugia malayi. The crude methanol extract and n-hexane fraction were found to potentiate significant (p<0.001) enhancement of both humoral (plaque forming cells, hemagglutination titre) as well as cell-mediated (lymphoproliferation, macrophage activation, delayed type hypersensitivity) immune responses in mice. The flow cytometric analysis of splenocytes of treated mice indicated enhanced population of T-cells (CD4(+), CD8(+)) and B-cells (CD19(+)). The n-hexane fraction (3 mg/kg) was found to induce biased type 2 cytokine response as revealed by increased IL-4(+) and decreased IFN-gamma(+) T-cell population while the chloroform fraction (10 mg/kg) produced a predominant type 1 cytokines. Crude methanolic extract (100 mg/kg) demonstrated a mixed type 1 and type 2 cytokine responses thus suggesting a remarkable immunomodulatory property in this plant. The induction of differential T-helper cell immune response appears ideal to overcome immunosuppression as observed in case of lymphatic, filarial Brugia malayi infection which may also be extended to other infections as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Singh
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, P. Box 173, Lucknow-226001, India
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92
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Combaluzier B, Mueller P, Massner J, Finke D, Pieters J. Coronin 1 is essential for IgM-mediated Ca2+ mobilization in B cells but dispensable for the generation of immune responses in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:1954-61. [PMID: 19201848 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0801811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coronin 1 is a leukocyte specific regulator of Ca(2+)-dependent signaling and is essential for the survival of peripheral T lymphocytes, but its role in B cells is unknown. In this study, we show that coronin 1 is essential for intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization and proliferation upon triggering of the BCR. However, the presence of costimulatory signals rendered coronin 1 dispensable for B cell signaling, consistent with the generation of normal immune responses against a variety of Ags in coronin 1-deficient mice. We conclude that coronin 1, while being essential for T cell function and survival, is dispensable for B cell function in vivo.
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93
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Howe R, Dillon S, Rogers L, McCarter M, Kelly C, Gonzalez R, Madinger N, Wilson CC. Evidence for dendritic cell-dependent CD4(+) T helper-1 type responses to commensal bacteria in normal human intestinal lamina propria. Clin Immunol 2009; 131:317-32. [PMID: 19174326 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactivity of lamina propria (LP) T cells to commensal bacteria has been demonstrated in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in humans with IBD, but few studies have evaluated the function of such cells in normal individuals. LP mononuclear cells (LPMC) were disaggregated from healthy human intestinal tissue and cultured with heat-killed commensal and pathogenic bacteria. CD3(+)CD4(+) IFN-gamma-producing (Th1) cells reactive to commensal bacteria were demonstrated at frequencies ranging from 0.05 to 2.28% in LPMC. Bacteria-specific Th1 responses were inhibited by anti-HLA-DR antibodies and chloroquine exposure, were enriched in LP relative to peripheral blood, and expressed effector memory cell markers. Bacteria-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation in vitro was dependent on the presence of LP dendritic cells (DCs), which produced pro-inflammatory cytokines upon bacterial exposure. These results suggest that bacteria-reactive DCs and CD4(+) T cells in normal LP have substantial pro-inflammatory potential that is revealed upon disaggregation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawleigh Howe
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80045, USA
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94
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Xie Y, Sun HX, Li D. Platycodin D is a potent adjuvant of specific cellular and humoral immune responses against recombinant hepatitis B antigen. Vaccine 2009; 27:757-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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95
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Ou-Yang HF, Hu XB, Ti XY, Shi JR, Li SJ, Qi HW, Wu CG. Suppression of allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model by Der p2 recombined BCG. Immunology 2008; 128:e343-52. [PMID: 19191902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by T helper (Th)2 cell immune responses. Currently, immunotherapies based on both immune deviation and immune suppression, including the development of recombinant mycobacteria as immunoregulatory vaccines, are attractive treatment strategies for asthma. In our previous studies, we created a genetically recombinant form of bacille Calmette-Guerin (rBCG) that expressed Der p2 of house dust mites and established that it induced a shift from a Th2 response to a Th1 response in naive mice. However, it is unclear whether rBCG could suppress allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model. In this article we report that rBCG dramatically inhibited airway inflammation, eosinophilia, mucus production and mast cell degranulation in allergic mice. Analysis of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue revealed that the suppression was associated with a shift from a Th2 response to a Th1 response. At the same time, rBCG induced a CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) T-cell subtype that could suppress the proliferation of Th2 effector cells in vitro in an antigen-specific manner. Moreover, suppression of CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells could be adoptively transferred. Thus, our results demonstrate that rBCG induces both generic and specific immune responses. The generic immune response is associated with a shift from a Th2 to a Th1 cytokine response, whereas the specific immune response against Der p2 appears to be related to the expansion of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-producing CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. rBCG can suppress asthmatic airway inflammation through both immune deviation and immune suppression and may be a feasible, efficient immunotherapy for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Ou-Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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96
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Albrecht M, Suezer Y, Staib C, Sutter G, Vieths S, Reese G. Vaccination with a Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-based vaccine protects mice from allergic sensitization. J Gene Med 2008; 10:1324-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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97
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Jin H, Xiao C, Geng S, Hu Y, She R, Yu Y, Kang Y, Wang B. Protein/DNA vaccine-induced antigen-specific Treg confer protection against asthma. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:2451-63. [PMID: 18792401 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by T-cell-mediated inflammation within airways. No antigen-specific treatment has been available. Using an OVA-induced murine asthma model, we find that co-immunization of an OVA epitope peptide with a DNA vaccine encoding the same epitope is able to prevent this experimental asthma as evidenced in the marked reduction of infiltrations of eosinophils and lymphocytes into the site of the allergen challenge. We demonstrate that the prevention of experimental asthma was directly related to the induction of a population of OVA-specific T-regulatory cells (Treg) exhibiting a CD4(+)CD25(-)FoxP3(+) phenotype and expressing IL-10, TGF-beta and IFN-gamma following the co-immunization. Blockade of IL-10 and TGF-beta of the Treg by anti-IL-10 and TGF-beta antibodies is partially able to reverse the suppression in vitro and in vivo, which caused the recurrence of the inflammation. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of the induced Treg is also able to suppress the OVA-induced asthma. To our knowledge, the combination of peptide with its cognate DNA vaccine protect experimental asthma via the induced epitope-specific Treg has not been previously reported and such strategy may lead to a novel immunotherapy against asthma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
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98
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Johan Garssen, Leendert Van Bree &. OZONE-INDUCED IMPAIRMENT OF PULMONARY TYPE IV HYPERSENSITIVITY AND AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS IN MICE. Inhal Toxicol 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/089583797198088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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99
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Prolongation of cardiac allograft survival by rapamycin and the invariant natural killer T cell glycolipid agonist OCH. Transplantation 2008; 86:460-8. [PMID: 18698251 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181806b72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are glycolipid-responsive cells with potent immunomodulatory properties. Although iNKT cells have been implicated in cardiac allograft tolerance, whether in vivo triggering of iNKT cells with Th2-promoting glycolipids offers a therapeutic benefit in heart transplantation remains unexplored. METHODS C3H (H-2k) hearts were transplanted into C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice. The recipients were left untreated or received the Th2-promoting iNKT cell agonist OCH, the antirejection agent rapamycin, or both. Allografts were recovered on postoperative day 8 or at endpoint, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and analyzed for intragraft transcript levels of effector cytokines and iNKT cells' invariant T-cell receptor segment Valpha14-Jalpha18. The presence of circulating alloantibodies was assessed in recipients' sera at similar time points. A second fully mismatched cardiac allograft model (BALB/c-to-C57BL/6) was used to further validate the efficacy of our treatment regimens. RESULTS Combination immunotherapy with OCH and rapamycin significantly enhanced C3H allograft survival and led to nearly normal graft histology with minimal vascular changes and mononuclear cell infiltration, and an almost normal IgG1:IgG2a ratio in recipients' sera. These were accompanied by elevated intragraft mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-4, and to a lesser extent IL-10 and IL-13, and high transcript levels of Valpha14-Jalpha18 T-cell receptor gene segment. Furthermore, when used alone or together with rapamycin, OCH delayed allograft rejection in our BALB/c-to-C57BL/6 model. CONCLUSIONS In vivo administration of OCH may deviate alloimmune responses towards a Th2 phenotype and prolong allograft survival. Select iNKT cell glycolipid agonists can therefore be used in monotherapy or combination immunotherapy of transplant rejection.
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100
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Effective collaboration between IL-4 and IL-21 on B cell activation. Immunobiology 2008; 213:545-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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