51
|
Effect of a Benzalkonium Chloride Surfactant-Sodium Hypochlorite Combination on Elimination of Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod 2015; 42:145-9. [PMID: 26577873 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of a sodium hypochlorite-surfactant combination on the removal of Enterococcus faecalis from infected teeth. METHODS Sixty-four extracted human single canal anterior teeth were prepared with rotary instrumentation and sterilized. Teeth were divided into 4 groups, N = 16. Three experimental groups were inoculated with E. faecalis and cultured for 21 days before use: positive control group, no irrigation; NaOCl group, irrigated with 5 mL 6% NaOCl; and NaOCl/BAK group, irrigated with 5 mL 6% NaOCl/0.008% benzalkonium chloride (BAK). The negative control group received medium only and no inoculate. Paper point sampling of the canals was obtained before irrigation (S1) for all 4 groups and for 2 groups after irrigation (S2) to determine remaining colony-forming units. After sampling, all teeth were split in half and evaluated for bacterial viability colony-forming units and penetration of dentinal tubules by using fluorescent vital dye staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Comparison of pre-irrigation and post-irrigation paper point samples from the 2 irrigated groups showed a significant reduction in bacterial canal load (P < .001, Kruskal-Wallis), with a significantly lower load in the NaOCl/BAK group than in the NaOCl group (P = .001, Mann-Whitney U test); 68.8% of the NaOCl/BAK samples gave no recoverable counts. In contrast, no significant difference between these groups was found for counts recovered from dentin. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed no differences in tubule penetration. CONCLUSIONS The addition of BAK to NaOCl significantly reduced the number of remaining bacteria within the canal after irrigation compared with NaOCl alone.
Collapse
|
52
|
Peters OA, Arias A, Paqué F. A Micro–computed Tomographic Assessment of Root Canal Preparation with a Novel Instrument, TRUShape, in Mesial Roots of Mandibular Molars. J Endod 2015; 41:1545-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
53
|
Suman JM, Kuga MC, Da Rosa RA, Santini MF, Grazziotin-Soares R, Montagner F, Só MVR. Antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine after final irrigation with ethanol: CLSM and culture-based method analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:682-7. [PMID: 26138134 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of 95% ethanol on the antibacterial properties of 2% chlorexidine (CHX) over monospecies biofilm (Enterococcus faecalis) through a culture-based method, and over multispecies biofilm using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). For monospecies model, E. faecalis biofilm was induced in 40 root canals. The irrigation procedures were: S-saline solution; S/CHX-saline solution + CHX; E-ethanol; and E/CHX-ethanol + CHX. Microbial sampling was performed at three periods: before (S1), immediately after (S2), and 72 h after the final flush (S3). For multispecies biofilm model, 28 sterilized bovine dentin blocks were fixed on a removable orthodontic device to allow intraoral biofilm development. Seven samples were used in each group. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's test for multiple comparisons. There was a significant reduction in CFUs count immediately after the final flush (S2) in all experimental groups (P < 0.05). However, only S/CHX, E and E/CHX groups had CFU counts close to zero, without differences among them (P > 0.05). After 72h (S3), the S/CHX and E/CHX groups had CFU counts near zero (P > 0.05). The CFU count increased in S3 for S and E groups (P < 0.05). CLSM showed that the percentages of remaining live cells were similar in S/CHX, E, and E/CHX groups (P > 0.05). The S group had the highest percentage of live cells (P < 0.05). The 95% ethanol did not interfere in the antibacterial properties of 2% CHX over mono- and multispecies biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Martins Suman
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Milton Carlos Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Abreu Da Rosa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Manuela Favarin Santini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renata Grazziotin-Soares
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francisco Montagner
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcus ViníCius Reis Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Barros J, Dias A, Rodrigues MA, Pina-Vaz C, Lopes MA, Pina-Vaz I. Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Activity of Polyethylenimine: An Interesting Compound for Endodontic Treatment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:427-32. [PMID: 26323443 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Bacteria levels of necrotic teeth are greatly reduced after endodontic treatment procedures but the presence of persisting microorganisms leads to continuous efforts to develop materials with antimicrobial properties. The purpose of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of polyethylenimine (PEI) against common bacteria and yeasts, regarding planktonic cells and biofilm, and to clarify its antimicrobial mechanism of action through flow cytometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antibiofilm and antimicrobial effect of PEI was determined against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans strains using reference protocols. The effect of PEI was evaluated regarding adhesion, biofilm formation and biofilm disaggregation. In order to understand PEI cellular effects flow cytometric analysis was performed with different fluorescent markers. RESULTS It was verified that minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values and minimal lethal concentrations (MLC) obtained for PEI were similar and ranged between 50 and 400 mg/l, proving the microbicidal and fungicidal activity of this compound. Antibiofilm activity was also proved for all the microorganisms. Severe lesion of the membrane and cell depolarization was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Polyethylenimine showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against microorganisms often associated with apical periodontitis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Theoretically, prolonging the antibacterial effects of materials used in endodontics may be interesting to help prevent reinfection and possibly to affect residual bacteria that survived the treatment procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Barros
- Professor, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, Phone: +351 220 901 100, e-mail:
| | - Ana Dias
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto; Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Rodrigues
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto; Centre for Mechanical Engineering of the University of Coimbra Portugal
| | - Cidália Pina-Vaz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto; Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria A Lopes
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto; Centre for Mechanical Engineering of the University of Coimbra Portugal
| | - Irene Pina-Vaz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Tomazinho FSF, Sousa-Neto MD, Pécora JD, Lamon AW, Gonzalez BC, Silva-Sousa YTC. Use of a dissolved oxygen microsensor for assessing the viability and thickness of microbial biofilm on root surfaces. Int Endod J 2015; 48:469-77. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. S. F. Tomazinho
- School of Dentistry; University of Ribeirão Preto; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - M. D. Sousa-Neto
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - J. D. Pécora
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - A. W. Lamon
- School of Engineering; University of São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - B. C. Gonzalez
- School of Engineering; University of São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Photoactivation of curcumin and sodium hypochlorite to enhance antibiofilm efficacy in root canal dentin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:108-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
57
|
Regenerative Endodontic Therapy: A Data Analysis of Clinical Protocols. J Endod 2015; 41:146-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
58
|
Chen EW, Carey AJ, Ulett GC, George R. Characterisation of the efficacy of endodontic medications using a three-dimensional fluorescent tooth model: Anex vivostudy. AUST ENDOD J 2015; 41:88-96. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily W. Chen
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Alison J. Carey
- School of Medical Sciences; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Glen C. Ulett
- School of Medical Sciences; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Roy George
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Singh S, Nagpal R, Manuja N, Tyagi SP. Photodynamic therapy: An adjunct to conventional root canal disinfection strategies. AUST ENDOD J 2014; 41:54-71. [PMID: 25404404 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although chemical-based root canal disinfectants are important to reduce microbial loads and remove infected smear layer from root dentin, they have only a limited ability to eliminate biofilm bacteria, especially from root complexities. This paper explores the novel photodynamic therapy (PDT) for antimicrobial disinfection of root canals. The combination of an effective photosensitizer, the appropriate wavelength of light and ambient oxygen is the key factor in PDT. PDT uses a specific wavelength of light to activate a non-toxic dye (photosensitizer), leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species. These reactive oxygen molecules can damage bacterial proteins, membrane lipids and nucleic acids, which promote bacterial cell death. In, addition PDT may enhance cross-linking of collagen fibrils in the dentin matrix and thereby improving dentin stability. The concept of PDT is plausible and could foster new therapy concepts for endodontics. The available knowledge should enable and encourage steps forward into more clinical-oriented research and development. This article discusses PDT as related to root canal disinfection, including its components, mechanism of action, reviews the current endodontic literature and also highlights the shortcomings and advancements in PDT techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, India
| | - Rajni Nagpal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, India
| | - Naveen Manuja
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, India
| | - Sashi Prabha Tyagi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Effect of Nanosilver Gel, Chlorhexidine Gluconate, and Camphorated Phenol on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:380278. [PMID: 27355067 PMCID: PMC4897455 DOI: 10.1155/2014/380278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To assess the effectiveness of nanosilver gel (NSG) in comparison to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and camphorated phenol (CP) against Enterococcus faecalis (E.f) biofilm. Methods and Materials. Two tests were done, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis, to determine the effectiveness of NSG, CHX, and CP on E.f biofilm. Polystyrene microtiter 96- and 6-well plates were used for MTT and CLSM, respectively. Nanosilver gel was in three concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%), chlorhexidine gluconate used was 2%, and camphorated phenol and normal saline were as control. Analysis was done using one-way ANOVA; the post hoc test was run for multiple comparisons. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences among groups (0.05% NSG and CP, 0.1% NSG and CP, 0.2% NSG and CP, 0.1% NSG and 2% CHX, 0.2% and NSG and 2% CHX) (P < 0.001) and also showed significant difference between groups (P < 0.001), f-ratio 87.823. A post hoc Tukey's test revealed no significant difference between chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.05% nanosilver gel (P > 0.05). Conclusions. 0.1% and 0.2% nanosilver gel is more effective on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm as compared to chlorhexidine gluconate and camphorated phenol.
Collapse
|
61
|
Neelakantan P, Cheng CQ, Mohanraj R, Sriraman P, Subbarao C, Sharma S. Antibiofilm activity of three irrigation protocols activated by ultrasonic, diode laser or Er:YAG laser in vitro. Int Endod J 2014; 48:602-10. [PMID: 25080240 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the impact of three irrigation protocols, activated by three different methods, on mature biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis in vitro. METHODOLOGY Root canals in 280 single-rooted teeth were instrumented using a rotary Ni-Ti system. Biofilms of E. faecalis were generated based on a previously established protocol. Samples were randomly divided into three experimental (n = 80) and one control (n = 40) group based on the irrigation protocol employed: group 1 (NaOCl + Etidronic acid), 1 : 1 mixture of 6% NaOCl and 18% etidronic acid; group 2 (NaOCl-EDTA), 3% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA; group 3 (NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl), 3% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA and a final flush of 3% NaOCl. Saline served as the control. Samples were further divided into four subgroups (n = 20) based on the activation method: subgroup A, no activation; subgroup B, ultrasonic activation; group C, diode laser; group D, Er:YAG laser. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to assess bacterial viability in situ. Root dentine powder was obtained for determining the colony-forming units (CFU mL(-1) ). Data were analysed by appropriate statistical analyses with P = 0.05. RESULTS All experimental irrigation protocols caused complete destruction of the biofilm in the root canal lumen. Within the dentinal tubules, all groups had a significantly higher percentage of dead bacteria than the saline control (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between NaOCl + etidronic acid and NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl (P > 0.05), whereas both groups brought about more bacterial reduction than NaOCl-EDTA (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between diode laser and Er:YAG laser in any of the groups (P > 0.05). Both diode and Er:YAG laser were more effective than ultrasonic activation and conventional syringe irrigation in reducing E. fecalis biofilms (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of NaOCl after or in combination with a chelator caused the greatest reduction of E. faecalis. Diode laser and Er:YAG laser activation were superior to ultrasonics in dentinal tubule disinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Neelakantan
- Biofilm Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - C Q Cheng
- Biofilm Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - R Mohanraj
- Biofilm Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - P Sriraman
- Biofilm Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - C Subbarao
- Biofilm Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - S Sharma
- Biofilm Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Holliday R, Alani A. Traditional and contemporary techniques for optimizing root canal irrigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:51-2, 54, 56-8 passim. [PMID: 24640478 DOI: 10.12968/denu.2014.41.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Canal irrigation during root canal treatment is an important component of chemo-mechanical debridement of the root canal system. Traditional syringe irrigation can be enhanced by activating the irrigant to provide superior cleaning properties. This activation can be achieved by simple modifications in current technique or by contemporary automated devices. Novel techniques are also being developed, such as the Self-adjusting File (Re-Dent-Nova, Ra'anana, Israel), Ozone (Healozone, Dental Ozone, London, UK), Photoactivated Disinfection and Ultraviolet Light Disinfection. This paper reviews the techniques available to enhance traditional syringe irrigation, contemporary irrigation devices and novel techniques, citing their evidence base, advantages and disadvantages. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Recent advances in irrigation techniques and canal disinfection and debridement are relevant to practitioners carrying out root canal treatment.
Collapse
|
63
|
Lin LM, Shimizu E, Gibbs JL, Loghin S, Ricucci D. Histologic and Histobacteriologic Observations of Failed Revascularization/Revitalization Therapy: A Case Report. J Endod 2014; 40:291-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
64
|
Lin LM, Ricucci D, Huang GTJ. Regeneration of the dentine-pulp complex with revitalization/revascularization therapy: challenges and hopes. Int Endod J 2013; 47:713-24. [PMID: 24330275 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The concept of regenerative endodontics has gained much attention in clinical endodontics in the past decade. One aspect of this discipline is the application of revitalization/revascularization therapies for infected and/or necrotic immature pulps in permanent teeth. Following the publication of a case report (Iwaya et al. ), investigators have been rigorously examining the types of tissues formed in the canals as well as exploring strategies to regenerate the pulp-dentine complex in revitalized teeth. This review will provide an update on the types of tissues generated in the canals after revitalization/revascularization therapy in both animal and human studies. The understanding of the role of stem cells and microenvironment in the process of wound healing resulting in either regeneration or repair will be thoroughly discussed. Stem cells and microenvironmental cues introduced into the canal during revitalization/revascularization procedures will be examined. In addition, requirement of a sterile microenvironment in the canal and vital tissue generation in revitalization/revascularization therapy will be emphasized. The challenges that we face and the hopes that we have in revitalization/revascularization therapy for regenerative endodontics will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Lin
- Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Effect of Modified Nonequilibrium Plasma with Chlorhexidine Digluconate against Endodontic Biofilms In Vitro. J Endod 2013; 39:1438-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
66
|
Zaugg LK, Zitzmann NU, Hauser-Gerspach I, Waltimo T, Weiger R, Krastl G. Antimicrobial activity of short- and medium-term applications of polyhexamethylene biguanide, chlorhexidine digluconate and calcium hydroxide in infected immature bovine teethin vitro. Dent Traumatol 2013; 30:326-31. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia K. Zaugg
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Nicola U. Zitzmann
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Center of Dental Traumatology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Irmgard Hauser-Gerspach
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Oral Microbiology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Tuomas Waltimo
- Center of Dental Traumatology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Oral Microbiology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Roland Weiger
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Center of Dental Traumatology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Krastl
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Center of Dental Traumatology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Department of Oral Surgery; School of Dentistry; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Wu D, Fan W, Kishen A, Gutmann JL, Fan B. Evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. J Endod 2013; 40:285-90. [PMID: 24461420 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an irrigant or medicament against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms formed on root dentin. METHODS Dentin sections were inoculated with E. faecalis for 4 weeks to establish a standard monospecies biofilm model. These biofilms were tested in 2 stages. In stage 1, the biofilms were irrigated with 0.1% AgNP solution, 2% sodium hypochlorite, and sterile saline for 2 minutes, respectively. In stage 2, the biofilms were treated with AgNP gel (0.02% and 0.01%) and calcium hydroxide for 7 days. The ultrastructure of one half of the specimens from each group was evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy, whereas the structure and distribution of viable bacteria of the other half of the specimens were assessed with confocal laser scanning microscopy combined with viability staining. RESULTS Syringe irrigation with 0.1% AgNP solution did not disrupt the biofilm structure, and the proportion of viable bacteria in the biofilm structures was not different from that of the saline group (P > .05) but was less than that of the control group (P < .05). The biofilms treated with 0.02% AgNP gel as medicament significantly disrupted the structural integrity of the biofilm and resulted in the least number of post-treatment residual viable E. faecalis cells compared with 0.01% AgNP gel and calcium hydroxide groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study suggested that the antibiofilm efficacy of AgNPs depends on the mode of application. AgNPs as a medicament and not as an irrigant showed potential to eliminate residual bacterial biofilms during root canal disinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daming Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anil Kishen
- Disciplines of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James L Gutmann
- Department of Endodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A and M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Bing Fan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Shen Y, Gao Y, Lin J, Ma J, Wang Z, Haapasalo M. Methods and models to study irrigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
69
|
Violante TL, Haase EM, Vickerman MM. Collagen-binding Streptococcal Surface Proteins Influence the Susceptibility of Biofilm Cells to Endodontic Antimicrobial Solutions. J Endod 2013; 39:370-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
70
|
Phenotypic Detection of Virulence Traits and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Endodontic Enterococcus faecalis Isolates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.12691/ajmr-1-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
71
|
Mohammadi Z, Shalavi S, Yazdizadeh M. Antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide in endodontics: a review. Chonnam Med J 2012; 48:133-40. [PMID: 23323217 PMCID: PMC3539092 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2012.48.3.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of endodontic therapy is to preserve the patient's natural teeth without compromising the patient's local or systemic health. Calcium hydroxide has been included in several materials and antimicrobial formulations that are used in several treatment modalities in endodontics, such as inter-appointment intracanal medicaments. The purpose of this article was to review the antimicrobial properties of calcium hydroxide in endodontics. Calcium hydroxide has a high pH (approximately 12.5-12.8) and is classified chemically as a strong base. The lethal effects of calcium hydroxide on bacterial cells are probably due to protein denaturation and damage to DNA and cytoplasmic membranes. Calcium hydroxide has a wide range of antimicrobial activity against common endodontic pathogens but is less effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Calcium hydroxide is also a valuable anti-endotoxin agent. However, its effect on microbial biofilms is controversial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Mohammadi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. ; Iranian Center for Endodontic Research (ICER), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
|
73
|
Halford A, Ohl CD, Azarpazhooh A, Basrani B, Friedman S, Kishen A. Synergistic effect of microbubble emulsion and sonic or ultrasonic agitation on endodontic biofilm in vitro. J Endod 2012; 38:1530-4. [PMID: 23063230 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irrigation dynamics and antibacterial activity determine the efficacy of root canal disinfection. Sonic or ultrasonic agitation of irrigants is expected to improve irrigation dynamics. This study examined the effects of microbubble emulsion (ME) combined with sonic or ultrasonic agitation on irrigation dynamics and reduction of biofilm bacteria within root canal models. METHODS Two experiments were conducted. First, high-speed imaging was used to characterize the bubble dynamics generated in ME by sonic or ultrasonic agitation within canals of polymer tooth models. Second, 5.25% NaOCl irrigation or ME was sonically or ultrasonically agitated in canals of extracted teeth with 7-day-grown Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Dentinal shavings from canal walls were sampled at 1 mm and 3 mm from the apical terminus, and colony-forming units (CFUs) were enumerated. Mean log CFU/mL values were analyzed with analysis of variance and post hoc tests. RESULTS High-speed imaging demonstrated strongly oscillating and vaporizing bubbles generated within ME during ultrasonic but not sonic agitation. Compared with CFU counts in controls, NaOCl-sonic and NaOCl-ultrasonic yielded significantly lower counts (P < .05) at both measurement levels. ME-sonic yielded significantly lower counts (P = .002) at 3 mm, whereas ME-ultrasonic yielded highly significantly lower counts (P = .000) at both measurement levels. At 3 mm, ME-ultrasonic yielded significantly lower CFU counts (P = .000) than ME-sonic, NaOCl-sonic, and NaOCl-ultrasonic. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced bubble dynamics and reduced E. faecalis biofilm bacteria beyond the level achieved by sonic or ultrasonic agitation of NaOCl suggested a synergistic effect of ME combined with ultrasonic agitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Halford
- Discipline of Endodontics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Razera Baldasso FE, Stürmer CP, Luisi SB, Rodrigues Petruzzi MNM, SCARPARO RK, Figueiredo JAPD. Microflora associated with primary endodontic infections: Correlations among sem evaluation, clinical features, and radiographic findings. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1557-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
75
|
Comparison of different live/dead stainings for detection and quantification of adherent microorganisms in the initial oral biofilm. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:841-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
76
|
Moses PJ, Power DA, Jesionowski AM, Jenkinson HF, Pantera EA, Vickerman MM. Streptococcus gordonii collagen-binding domain protein CbdA may enhance bacterial survival in instrumented root canals ex vivo. J Endod 2012; 39:39-43. [PMID: 23228255 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The surface-associated collagen-binding protein Ace of Enterococcus faecalis has been implicated as a virulence factor that contributes to bacterial persistence in endodontic infections. The purpose of this study was to determine if proteins with amino acid sequence similarity to Ace found in more abundant oral streptococci could play a similar role in potentially enhancing endodontic infections. METHODS A Streptococcus gordonii gene similar to ace was identified by genome sequence searches in silico. An isogenic derivative of strain DL1 with a disruption in the identified gene was constructed by allelic replacement. Parent and mutant strains were characterized for their ability to bind immobilized collagen type 1 in a microtiter plate-binding assay. Survival of the strains in a human tooth ex vivo-instrumented root canal model was compared by inoculating canals with parental or mutant bacteria and determining the colony-forming units (CFUs) recovered at various time points over a 12-day period. RESULTS The S. gordonii gene, encoding a protein with a conserved collagen-binding domain similar to that of Ace, was designated cbdA. The cbdA-deficient cells were less able to bind collagen type 1 than parental cells (P < .0001). Genetic complementation of the cbdA-deficient strain restored the collagen-binding phenotype. By day 12, significantly fewer (P = .03) cbdA-deficient than parental CFUs were recovered from instrumented canals. CONCLUSIONS A gene encoding a putative collagen-binding protein was identified in S. gordonii. Fewer S. gordonii cbdA-deficient cells survived ex vivo compared with parental cells, suggesting that collagen-binding proteins may contribute to the persistence of oral streptococci in instrumented root canals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Moses
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Liu V, Dashper S, Parashos P, Liu SW, Stanton D, Shen P, Chivatxaranukul P, Reynolds EC. Antibacterial efficacy of casein-derived peptides against Enterococcus faecalis. Aust Dent J 2012; 57:339-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2012.01711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
78
|
Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects by Atmospheric Pressure Nonequilibrium Plasmas against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms In Vitro. J Endod 2012; 38:545-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
79
|
Leprince JG, Zeitlin BD, Tolar M, Peters OA. Interactions between immune system and mesenchymal stem cells in dental pulp and periapical tissues. Int Endod J 2012; 45:689-701. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
80
|
Sahar-Helft S, Slutzky-Goldberg I, Moshonov J, Stabholtz A, Jacobovitz M, Tam A, Steinberg D. Synergistic Effect of Er:YAG Laser Irradiation in Combination with Chlorhexidine on the Viability of Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29:753-8. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharonit Sahar-Helft
- Dept of Endodontics, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iris Slutzky-Goldberg
- Dept of Endodontics, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joshua Moshonov
- Dept of Endodontics, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adam Stabholtz
- Dept of Endodontics, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marcos Jacobovitz
- Dept of Endodontics, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avshalom Tam
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Doron Steinberg
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Comparison of Debris Removal with Three Different Irrigation Techniques. J Endod 2011; 37:1301-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
82
|
Álvarez AL, Espinar FO, Méndez JB. The Application of Microencapsulation Techniques in the Treatment of Endodontic and Periodontal Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2011; 3:538-71. [PMID: 24310596 PMCID: PMC3857082 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics3030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of intracanal and periodontal infections, the local application of antibiotics and other therapeutic agents in the root canal or in periodontal pockets may be a promising approach to achieve sustained drug release, high antimicrobial activity and low systemic side effects. Microparticles made from biodegradable polymers have been reported to be an effective means of delivering antibacterial drugs in endodontic and periodontal therapy. The aim of this review article is to assess recent therapeutic strategies in which biocompatible microparticles are used for effective management of periodontal and endodontic diseases. In vitro and in vivo studies that have investigated the biocompatibility or efficacy of certain microparticle formulations and devices are presented. Future directions in the application of microencapsulation techniques in endodontic and periodontal therapies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asteria Luzardo Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Francisco Otero Espinar
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - José Blanco Méndez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; E-Mail:
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Peters OA, Bardsley S, Fong J, Pandher G, DiVito E. Disinfection of Root Canals with Photon-initiated Photoacoustic Streaming. J Endod 2011; 37:1008-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
84
|
HÜLSMANN MICHAEL, DREBENSTEDT STEFFI, HOLSCHER CHRISTIAN. Shaping and filling root canals during root canal re-treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2011.00264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
85
|
Mohammadi Z, Dummer PMH. Properties and applications of calcium hydroxide in endodontics and dental traumatology. Int Endod J 2011; 44:697-730. [PMID: 21535021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium hydroxide has been included within several materials and antimicrobial formulations that are used in a number of treatment modalities in endodontics. These include, inter-appointment intracanal medicaments, pulp-capping agents and root canal sealers. Calcium hydroxide formulations are also used during treatment of root perforations, root fractures and root resorption and have a role in dental traumatology, for example, following tooth avulsion and luxation injuries. The purpose of this paper is to review the properties and clinical applications of calcium hydroxide in endodontics and dental traumatology including its antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, effect on bacterial biofilms, the synergism between calcium hydroxide and other agents, its effects on the properties of dentine, the diffusion of hydroxyl ions through dentine and its toxicity. Pure calcium hydroxide paste has a high pH (approximately 12.5-12.8) and is classified chemically as a strong base. Its main actions are achieved through the ionic dissociation of Ca(2+) and OH(-) ions and their effect on vital tissues, the induction of hard-tissue deposition and the antibacterial properties. The lethal effects of calcium hydroxide on bacterial cells are probably due to protein denaturation and damage to DNA and cytoplasmic membranes. It has a wide range of antimicrobial activity against common endodontic pathogens but is less effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Calcium hydroxide is also an effective anti-endotoxin agent. However, its effect on microbial biofilms is controversial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Mohammadi
- Department of Endodontics, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Is endodontic re-treatment mandatory for every relatively old temporary restoration? A narrative review. J Am Dent Assoc 2011; 142:391-6. [PMID: 21454844 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2011.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND BACKGROUND In this review, the authors examine whether there is any decisive evidence to support the revision of root fillings that have been exposed to the oral environment for more than three months, undertaken solely because of suspicions of microleakage. Researchers in numerous endodontic studies have addressed the evaluation of coronal microleakage by using different tracers and techniques. The need to achieve a tight, permanent coronal seal as soon as possible after the completion of endodontic treatment is obvious. However, the clinical importance of microleakage studies recently has been questioned because of their wide range and even contradictory results, and findings from only a few clinical investigations have demonstrated a clear relationship between the endodontic success rate and failure rate owed to coronal microleakage in cases involving high-quality endodontic therapy. METHODS The authors analyzed commonly cited articles regarding the clinical relevance of microleakage studies and the success rate of teeth with compromised restorations. CONCLUSIONS In a review of the literature, the authors found no clear evidence to support immediate replacement of well-obturated endodontic treatment that has lasted more than three months solely because of suspicions of microleakage. It may be prudent in such cases to make a new coronal restoration immediately and to observe the tooth for at least three months before placing the permanent crown.
Collapse
|
87
|
The Effect of QMix, an Experimental Antibacterial Root Canal Irrigant, on Removal of Canal Wall Smear Layer and Debris. J Endod 2011; 37:80-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
88
|
Resazurin metabolism assay for root canal disinfectant evaluation on dual-species biofilms. J Endod 2010; 37:31-5. [PMID: 21146072 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endodontic infections are caused by polymicrobial biofilms. Therefore, novel root canal disinfectants should be evaluated not only on single-species biofilms but also on dual- or mixed-species biofilms. A simple, high-throughput assay is urgently needed for this. In this study, the application of the resazurin metabolism assay was investigated for the evaluation of a root canal disinfectant on dual-species biofilms. METHODS Enterococcus faecalis with or without Streptococcus mutans in biofilms were formed in an active attachment biofilm model for 24 hours. Subsequently, the biofilms were treated with various concentrations of NaOCl for 1 minute. After resazurin metabolism by both organisms was confirmed, treatment efficacies using 0.0016% resazurin were evaluated. RESULTS During NaOCl treatments, resazurin metabolism displays a clear dose response, not only in single-species E. faecalis (or S. mutans) biofilms but also in dual-species biofilms. Notably, the assay revealed that the resistance of dual-species biofilms to NaOCl was 30-fold higher than in single-species E. faecalis biofilms. Viability counts on a selected NaOCl treatment (0.004%) confirmed this result and showed the increased resistance of E. faecalis in dual-species biofilms. CONCLUSIONS Clearly, the high-throughput and low cost resazurin metabolism assay has a great potential for testing novel root canal antimicrobial agents in mixed-species biofilms.
Collapse
|
89
|
Ricucci D, Siqueira JF. Biofilms and Apical Periodontitis: Study of Prevalence and Association with Clinical and Histopathologic Findings. J Endod 2010; 36:1277-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
90
|
Athanassiadis B, Abbott PV, George N, Walsh LJ. An in vitro study of the antimicrobial activity of some endodontic medicaments against Enteroccus faecalis biofilms. Aust Dent J 2010; 55:150-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
91
|
Root Canal Preparation with a Novel Nickel-Titanium Instrument Evaluated with Micro-computed Tomography: Canal Surface Preparation over Time. J Endod 2010; 36:1068-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
92
|
Carr GB, Schwartz RS, Schaudinn C, Gorur A, Costerton JW. Ultrastructural Examination of Failed Molar Retreatment with Secondary Apical Periodontitis: An Examination of Endodontic Biofilms in an Endodontic Retreatment Failure. J Endod 2009; 35:1303-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
93
|
Camps J, Pommel L, Aubut V, Verhille B, Satoshi F, Lascola B, About I. Shelf life, dissolving action, and antibacterial activity of a neutralized 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 108:e66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
94
|
Evaluation of the Effect of Two Chlorhexidine Preparations on Biofilm Bacteria In Vitro: A Three-Dimensional Quantitative Analysis. J Endod 2009; 35:981-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
95
|
Estrela C, Sydney GB, Figueiredo JAP, Estrela CRDA. A model system to study antimicrobial strategies in endodontic biofilms. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 17:87-91. [PMID: 19274391 PMCID: PMC4327582 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572009000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop a model system to study antimicrobial strategies in endodontic biofilms. Enterococcus faecalis suspension was colonized in 10 human root canals. Five milliliters of Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) were mixed with 5 mL of the bacterial inoculums (E. faecalis) and inoculated with sufficient volume to fill the root canal during 60 days. This procedure was repeated every 72 h, always using 24-h pure culture prepared and adjusted to No. 1 MacFarland turbidity standard. Biofilm formation was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). E. faecalis consistently adhered to collagen structure, colonized dentin surface, progressed towards the dentinal tubules and formed a biofilm. The proposed biofilm model seems to be viable for studies on antimicrobial strategies, and allows for a satisfactory colonization time of selected bacterial species with virulence and adherence properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Estrela
- Department of Oral Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Bacteria in the apical root canal of teeth with primary apical periodontitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 107:721-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
97
|
Estrela C, Sydney GB, Figueiredo JAP, Estrela CRDA. Antibacterial efficacy of intracanal medicaments on bacterial biofilm: a critical review. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 17:1-7. [PMID: 19148398 PMCID: PMC4327605 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572009000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discuss critically the antibacterial efficacy of intracanal medicaments on bacterial biofilm. Longitudinal studies were evaluated by a systematic review of English-language articles retrieved from electronic biomedical journal databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL) and handsearching records, using different matches of keywords for root canal biofilm, between 1966 and August 1st, 2007. The selected articles were identified from titles, abstracts and full-text articles by two independent reviewers, considering the tabulated inclusion and exclusion criteria. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The search retrieved 91 related articles, of which 8.8% referred to in vivo studies demonstrating the lack of efficacy of endodontic therapy on bacterial biofilm. Intracanal medicaments were found to have a limited action against bacterial biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Estrela
- Department of Oral Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Affiliation(s)
- Z Mohammadi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Abstract
The major objective in root canal therapy is to disinfect the entire root canal system. This requires that the pulpal contents be eliminated as sources of infection. This goal may be accomplished using mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation, in conjunction with medication of the root canal between treatment sessions. Microorganisms and their by-products are considered to be the major cause of pulpal and periradicular pathosis. In order to reduce or eliminate bacteria, various irrigation solutions have been used during treatment. Chlorhexidine is a cationic molecule which can be used during treatment. It has a wide range antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, because of its cationic structure, chlorhexidine has a unique property named substantivity. The purpose of this paper is to review different aspects of the use of chlorhexidine gluconate in endodontics.
Collapse
|
100
|
Ahmed NAAM, Petersen FC, Scheie AA. Biofilm formation and autoinducer-2 signaling inStreptococcus intermedius: role of thermal and pH factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 23:492-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2008.00460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|