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Hofer W, Deschner F, Jézéquel G, Pessanha de Carvalho L, Abdel-Wadood N, Pätzold L, Bernecker S, Morgenstern B, Kany AM, Große M, Stadler M, Bischoff M, Hirsch AKH, Held J, Herrmann J, Müller R. Functionalization of Chlorotonils: Dehalogenil as Promising Lead Compound for In Vivo Application. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319765. [PMID: 38502093 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The natural product chlorotonil displays high potency against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria and Plasmodium falciparum. Yet, its scaffold is characterized by low solubility and oral bioavailability, but progress was recently made to enhance these properties. Applying late-stage functionalization, we aimed to further optimize the molecule. Previously unknown reactions including a sulfur-mediated dehalogenation were revealed. Dehalogenil, the product of this reaction, was identified as the most promising compound so far, as this new derivative displayed improved solubility and in vivo efficacy while retaining excellent antimicrobial activity. We confirmed superb activity against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. and mature transmission stages of Plasmodium falciparum. We also demonstrated favorable in vivo toxicity, pharmacokinetics and efficacy in infection models with S. aureus. Taken together, these results identify dehalogenil as an advanced lead molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Hofer
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Felix Deschner
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Gwenaëlle Jézéquel
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Laìs Pessanha de Carvalho
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Noran Abdel-Wadood
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology /, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Linda Pätzold
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Bernecker
- Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Inorganic Solid State Chemistry, Saarland University Campus, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas M Kany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Miriam Große
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
- Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
- Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Jana Held
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, BP 242, BP 242, Gabon
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
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Wang Z, Liu D, Zhang J, Liu L, Zhang Z, Liu C, Hu S, Wu L, He Z, Sun H. Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple mechanisms of linezolid resistance in clinical enterococci in China. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:41. [PMID: 38704577 PMCID: PMC11070108 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections caused by linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) are clinically difficult to treat and threaten patient health. However, there is a lack of studies on long time-span LRE strains in China. For this reason, our study comprehensively revealed the resistance mechanisms of LRE strains collected in a Chinese tertiary care hospital from 2011 to 2022. METHODS Enterococcal strains were screened and verified after retrospective analysis of microbial data. Subsequently, 65 LRE strains (61 Enterococcus faecalis and 4 Enterococcus faecium, MIC ≥ 8 µg/ml), 1 linezolid-intermediate Enterococcus faecium (MIC = 4 µg/ml) and 1 linezolid-susceptible Enterococcus faecium (MIC = 1.5 µg/ml) were submitted for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS The optrA gene was found to be the most common linezolid resistance mechanism in our study. We identified the wild-type OptrA and various OptrA variants in 98.5% of LRE strains (61 Enterococcus faecalis and 3 Enterococcus faecium). We also found one linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain carried both optrA and cfr(D) gene, while one linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium only harbored the poxtA gene. Most optrA genes (55/64) were located on plasmids, with impB-fexA-optrA, impB-fexA-optrA-erm(A), fexA-optrA-erm(A), and fexA-optrA segments. A minority of optrA genes (9/64) were found on chromosomes with the Tn6674-like platform. Besides, other possible linezolid resistance-associated mechanisms (mutations in the rplC and rplD genes) were also found in 26 enterococcal strains. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that multiple mechanisms of linezolid resistance exist among clinical LRE strains in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Danping Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Rd37, xueyuan, Haidian, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beihang University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjia Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Lingli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Rd37, xueyuan, Haidian, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beihang University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Huaxin Hospital, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Songnian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zilong He
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Rd37, xueyuan, Haidian, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beihang University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China.
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Philip A, Oueslati S, Villa F, Pannetier C, Cattoir V, Duranteau J, Figueiredo S, Naas T. Development of an ultrafast PCR to detect clinically relevant acquired vancomycin-resistance genes from cultured enterococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:997-1005. [PMID: 38501366 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VRE are increasingly described worldwide. Screening of hospitalized patients at risk for VRE carriage is mandatory to control their dissemination. Here, we have developed the Bfast [VRE Panel] PCR kit, a rapid and reliable quantitative PCR assay for detection of vanA, vanB, vanD and vanM genes, from solid and liquid cultures adaptable to classical and ultrafast real-time PCR platforms. METHODS Validation was carried out on 133 well characterized bacterial strains, including 108 enterococci of which 64 were VRE. Analytical performances were determined on the CFX96 Touch (Bio-Rad) and Chronos Dx (BforCure), an ultrafast qPCR machine. Widely used culture plates and broths for enterococci selection/growth were tested. RESULTS All targeted van alleles (A, B, D and M) were correctly detected without cross-reactivity with other van genes (C, E, G, L and N) and no interference with the different routinely used culture media. A specificity and sensitivity of 100% and 99.7%, respectively, were determined, with limits of detection ranging from 21 to 238 cfu/reaction depending on the targets. The Bfast [VRE Panel] PCR kit worked equally well on the CFX and Chronos Dx platforms, with differences in multiplexing capacities (five and four optical channels, respectively) and in turnaround time (45 and 16 minutes, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The Bfast [VRE Panel] PCR kit is robust, easy to use, rapid and easily implementable in clinical microbiology laboratories for ultra-rapid confirmation of the four main acquired van genes. Its features, especially on Chronos Dx, seem to be unmatched compared to other tools for screening of VRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Philip
- Team ReSIST, INSERM U1184, Faculty of Medicine Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- R&D, BforCure, 14 rue de la Beaune, 93100 Montreuil, France
| | - Saoussen Oueslati
- Team ReSIST, INSERM U1184, Faculty of Medicine Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Department, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | | | - Vincent Cattoir
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and French National Reference Centre for Antibiotic Resistance (Lab Enterococci), Rennes University Hospital, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Jacques Duranteau
- Surgical Intensive Care Department, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Samy Figueiredo
- Team ReSIST, INSERM U1184, Faculty of Medicine Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Surgical Intensive Care Department, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Thierry Naas
- Team ReSIST, INSERM U1184, Faculty of Medicine Université Paris-Saclay, LabEx LERMIT, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Department, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Zeng T, Fu Q, Luo F, Dai J, Fu R, Qi Y, Deng X, Lu Y, Xu Y. Lactic acid bacteria modulate the CncC pathway to enhance resistance to β-cypermethrin in the oriental fruit fly. ISME J 2024; 18:wrae058. [PMID: 38618721 PMCID: PMC11069359 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota of insects has been shown to regulate host detoxification enzymes. However, the potential regulatory mechanisms involved remain unknown. Here, we report that gut bacteria increase insecticide resistance by activating the cap "n" collar isoform-C (CncC) pathway through enzymatically generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Bactrocera dorsalis. We demonstrated that Enterococcus casseliflavus and Lactococcus lactis, two lactic acid-producing bacteria, increase the resistance of B. dorsalis to β-cypermethrin by regulating cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and α-glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. These gut symbionts also induced the expression of CncC and muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis. BdCncC knockdown led to a decrease in resistance caused by gut bacteria. Ingestion of the ROS scavenger vitamin C in resistant strain affected the expression of BdCncC/BdKeap1/BdMafK, resulting in reduced P450 and GST activity. Furthermore, feeding with E. casseliflavus or L. lactis showed that BdNOX5 increased ROS production, and BdNOX5 knockdown affected the expression of the BdCncC/BdMafK pathway and detoxification genes. Moreover, lactic acid feeding activated the ROS-associated regulation of P450 and GST activity. Collectively, our findings indicate that symbiotic gut bacteria modulate intestinal detoxification pathways by affecting physiological biochemistry, thus providing new insights into the involvement of insect gut microbes in the development of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zeng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qianyan Fu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fangyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Sericulture & Mulberry Engineering Research Center, Guangdong Prov Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics & Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian Dai
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yixiang Qi
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Sericulture & Mulberry Engineering Research Center, Guangdong Prov Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics & Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongyue Lu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Bhatti JM, Raza SA, Alam AF, Khan YN, Mala A, Batool I, Sameeullah FNU. Antibiotic choices among healthcare professionals for enterococcal bacteremia with patterns of resistance and risk factors of mortality, in settings of poor antibiotic stewardship program - a five-year retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:514. [PMID: 37544982 PMCID: PMC10405468 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcal bacteremia has become prevalent in the recent decade, especially in hospitalized patients. Moreover, the rise in resistance patterns against antibiotic drugs regarding enterococci infection, such as cephalosporins, ampicillin and vancomycin, is prevailing. The major driving force behind this is the incongruous use of antibiotics with a minor contribution from environmental stressors which calls for vigilant and prudent administration of evidence-based antibiotics. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted from January 1 2017 until December 31 2021, at the tertiary care center, Dr Ziauddin Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. RESULTS Our research revealed ampicillin resistance in 87 (63.5%), with an estimated 25 (18.8%) mortality. Male gender 19 (76%) and vancomycin resistance 13 (52%) were associated with increased mortality. Furthermore, appropriate antibiotic therapy reduced the risk of death compared with inappropriate and excessive use of antibiotics 10 (40%) vs. 15 (60%) vs. 20 (80%) respectively. Targeted therapy with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was associated with lower mortality 1 (4%) and higher discharge rates 34 (32.1%). On Kaplan-Meier survival, targeted therapy with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was associated with shorter hospital stays and prolonged survival. UTI was found as the most common source of enterococcal bacteremia 57 (41.6%), followed by respiratory 21 (15.3%) and intra-abdominal 13 (9.5%). In 26 (19%) patients, no identifiable source of infection was found. CONCLUSION Vancomycin resistance and male gender were found independent risk factors for mortality. The use of inappropriate antibiotics significantly increases mortality in these patients. The appropriate antibiotic therapy reduces the risk of death. Furthermore, overuse of antibiotics didn't reduce mortality; instead increased the financial burden and chances of developing multi-drug resistant strains of other organisms by increasing hospital stays of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Ali Raza
- Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, North Nazimabad, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Ali Mala
- Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, North Nazimabad, Karachi, Pakistan
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El-Zamkan MA, Mohamed HMA. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and biofilm formation in Enterococcus species isolated from milk of sheep and goat with subclinical mastitis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259584. [PMID: 34780540 PMCID: PMC8592430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is designed to discuss the antimicrobial resistance, virulence determinants and biofilm formation capacity of Enterococcus spp. isolated from milk of sheep and goat with subclinical mastitis in Qena, Egypt. The obtained isolates were identified by the VITEK2 system and 16S rDNA sequencing as E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. casseliflavus and E. hirae. Overall, E. faecalis and E. faecium were the dominant species recovered from mastitic milk samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility test evidenced multidrug resistance of the isolates against the following antimicrobials: oxacillin (89.2.%), followed by vancomycin (75.7%) and linezolid (70.3%). Also, most of these isolates (73%) could form biofilms. For example, 18.9% of Enterococcus strains formed strong biofilm, whereas 32.4% of isolates formed moderate biofilm and 21.6% of isolates formed weak biofilm. The most prevalent resistance genes found in our isolates were blaZ (54%), vanA (40%), ermB (51.4%), tetM (13.5%) and optrA (10.8%). Moreover, asa1 (37.8%), cylA (42.3%), gelE (78.4%), esp (32.4%), EF3314(48.6%) and ace (75.5%) were the most common virulence genes. A significant correlation was found between biofilm formation, multidrug resistance and virulence genes of the isolates. This study highlights several aspects of virulence and harmfulness of Enterococcus strains isolated from subclinical mastitic milk, which necessitates continuous inspection and monitoring of dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. El-Zamkan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Control, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Hams M. A. Mohamed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Zelnik Yovel D, Glotsman G, Love IY, Darnell N, Rapoport MJ. Indwelling Urinary Catheter and Dementia Are Associated with Enterococcal Urinary Tract Infections in Hospitalized Patients. Isr Med Assoc J 2021; 23:708-713. [PMID: 34811986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent increase in enterococcal urinary tract infections (EUTI) and the potential morbidity and mortality associated with inappropriate antimicrobial treatment underscores the need for early risk assessment and institution of appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy. OBJECTIVES To identify high-risk features associated with hospitalized patients with EUTI. METHODS Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and bacteriological data of 285 patients hospitalized with UTI during 2016 were retrieved from the computerized database of Shamir Medical Center. Patients were divided into two groups: EUTI and non-EUTI (NEUTI), according to the presence or absence of enterococcus in the urine culture. The features of the two groups were compared. RESULTS We obtained 300 urine cultures from 285 patients. Of the total, 80 patients (26.6%) had EUTI and 220 patients (73.3%) had NEUTI. A higher prevalence of urinary multi-bacterial cultures was found in EUTI compared to NEUTI patients (P < 0.01). Higher prevalence of permanent indwelling urinary catheter and dementia were found in hospitalized patients with community-acquired EUTI and nosocomial EUTI respectively (P = 0.02, P = 0.016) compared to patients with NEUTI. CONCLUSIONS Indwelling urinary catheter and dementia are risk factors for EUTI in patients with community and hospital acquired infection, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Zelnik Yovel
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galina Glotsman
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itamar Y Love
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Darnell
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Micha J Rapoport
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Oftedal TF, Ovchinnikov KV, Hestad KA, Goldbeck O, Porcellato D, Narvhus J, Riedel CU, Kjos M, Diep DB. Ubericin K, a New Pore-Forming Bacteriocin Targeting mannose-PTS. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0029921. [PMID: 34643411 PMCID: PMC8515946 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00299-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis infection in dairy cattle is a significant economic burden for the dairy industry globally. To reduce the use of antibiotics in treatment of clinical mastitis, new alternative treatment options are needed. Antimicrobial peptides from bacteria, also known as bacteriocins, are potential alternatives for combating mastitis pathogens. In search of novel bacteriocins against mastitis pathogens, we screened samples of Norwegian bovine raw milk and found a Streptococcus uberis strain with potent antimicrobial activity toward Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Listeria, and Lactococcus. Whole-genome sequencing of the strain revealed a multibacteriocin gene cluster encoding one class IIb bacteriocin, two class IId bacteriocins, in addition to a three-component regulatory system and a dedicated ABC transporter. Isolation and purification of the antimicrobial activity from culture supernatants resulted in the detection of a 6.3-kDa mass peak by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, a mass corresponding to the predicted size of one of the class IId bacteriocins. The identification of this bacteriocin, called ubericin K, was further confirmed by in vitro protein synthesis, which showed the same inhibitory spectrum as the purified antimicrobial compound. Ubericin K shows highest sequence similarity to the class IId bacteriocins bovicin 255, lactococcin A, and garvieacin Q. We found that ubericin K uses the sugar transporter mannose phosphotransferase (PTS) as a target receptor. Further, by using the pHlourin sensor system to detect intracellular pH changes due to leakage across the membrane, ubericin K was shown to be a pore former, killing target cells by membrane disruption. IMPORTANCE Bacterial infections in dairy cows are a major burden to farmers worldwide because infected cows require expensive treatments and produce less milk. Today, infected cows are treated with antibiotics, a practice that is becoming less effective due to antibiotic resistance. Compounds other than antibiotics also exist that kill bacteria causing infections in cows; these compounds, known as bacteriocins, are natural products produced by other bacteria in the environment. In this work, we discover a new bacteriocin that we call ubericin K, which kills several species of bacteria known to cause infections in dairy cows. We also use in vitro synthesis as a novel method for rapidly characterizing bacteriocins directly from genomic data, which could be useful for other researchers. We believe that ubericin K and the methods described in this work will aid in the transition away from antibiotics in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Oftedal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Kirill V. Ovchinnikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Kai A. Hestad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Oliver Goldbeck
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Davide Porcellato
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Judith Narvhus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Morten Kjos
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Dzung B. Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Han HW, Patel KD, Kwak JH, Jun SK, Jang TS, Lee SH, Knowles JC, Kim HW, Lee HH, Lee JH. Selenium Nanoparticles as Candidates for Antibacterial Substitutes and Supplements against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1028. [PMID: 34356651 PMCID: PMC8301847 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have increased rapidly, representing a major threat to human health. This problem has created an urgent need to identify alternatives for the treatment of MDR bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify the antibacterial activity of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and selenium nanowires (SeNWs) against MDR bacteria and assess the potential synergistic effects when combined with a conventional antibiotic (linezolid). SeNPs and SeNWs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, and UV-visible analysis. The antibacterial effects of SeNPs and SeNWs were confirmed by the macro-dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. SeNPs showed MIC values against methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) at concentrations of 20, 80, 320, and >320 μg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, SeNWs showed a MIC value of >320 μg/mL against all tested bacteria. Therefore, MSSA, MRSA, and VRSA were selected for the bacteria to be tested, and SeNPs were selected as the antimicrobial agent for the following experiments. In the time-kill assay, SeNPs at a concentration of 4X MIC (80 and 320 μg/mL) showed bactericidal effects against MSSA and MRSA, respectively. At a concentration of 2X MIC (40 and 160 μg/mL), SeNPs showed bacteriostatic effects against MSSA and bactericidal effects against MRSA, respectively. In the synergy test, SeNPs showed a synergistic effect with linezolid (LZD) through protein degradation against MSSA and MRSA. In conclusion, these results suggest that SeNPs can be candidates for antibacterial substitutes and supplements against MDR bacteria for topical use, such as dressings. However, for use in clinical situations, additional experiments such as toxicity and synergistic mechanism tests of SeNPs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Won Han
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-W.H.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.); (H.-W.K.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Kapil D. Patel
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-W.H.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.); (H.-W.K.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Kwak
- Department of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea;
| | - Soo-Kyung Jun
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Hanseo University, Seosan 31962, Korea;
| | - Tae-Su Jang
- Department of Pre-Medi, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Sung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Jonathan Campbell Knowles
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-W.H.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.); (H.-W.K.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-W.H.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.); (H.-W.K.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-W.H.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.); (H.-W.K.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-W.H.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.); (H.-W.K.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Innes GK, Nachman KE, Abraham AG, Casey JA, Patton AN, Price LB, Tartof SY, Davis MF. Contamination of Retail Meat Samples with Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Relation to Organic and Conventional Production and Processing: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, 2012-2017. Environ Health Perspect 2021; 129:57004. [PMID: 33978452 PMCID: PMC8114881 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During food animal production, animals are exposed to, colonized by, and sometimes infected with bacteria that may contaminate animal products with susceptible and multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). The United States' Organic Foods Production Act resulted in decreased antibiotic use in some animal production operations. Some studies have reported that decreased antibiotic use is associated with reduced MDRO on meat. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate associations of meat production and processing methods with MDRO and overall bacterial contamination of retail meats. METHODS Bacterial contamination data from 2012 to 2017 for chicken breast, ground beef, ground turkey, and pork chops were downloaded from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to estimate associations with MDRO contamination and any contamination (adjusted for year and meat type) overall, and according to bacteria genus (Salmonella, Campylobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli) and meat type. RESULTS A total of 39,349 retail meat samples were linked to 216 conventional, 123 split (conventional and organic), and three organic processing facilities. MDRO contamination was similar in conventionally produced meats processed at split vs. conventional facilities but was significantly lower in organically produced meats processed at split facilities [adjusted prevalance ratio (aPR)=0.43; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.63]. Meat processed by split vs. conventional processors had higher or similar MDRO contamination for all tested bacterial genera except Campylobacter (aPR=0.29; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.64). The prevalence of any contamination was lower in samples processed at split vs. conventional facilities for aggregated samples (aPR=0.70; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.73) and all meat types and bacterial genera. DISCUSSION Organically produced and processed retail meat samples had a significantly lower prevalence of MDRO than conventionally produced and processed samples had, whereas meat from split processors had a lower prevalence of any contamination than samples from conventional processors had. Additional studies are needed to confirm findings and clarify specific production and processing practices that might explain them. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel K. Innes
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Keeve E. Nachman
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alison G. Abraham
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Joan A. Casey
- Mailman School of Public Heath, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew N. Patton
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lance B. Price
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sara Y. Tartof
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Meghan F. Davis
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abera A, Tilahun M, Tekele SG, Belete MA. Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns, and Risk Factors Associated with Enterococci among Pediatric Patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeastern Ethiopia. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:5549847. [PMID: 33954176 PMCID: PMC8064786 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5549847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcus species, which is previously considered as medically not important, now becomes one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. Even though it becomes the most public health concern and emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen, there is no enough data in the study area. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and associated risk factors of enterococci infection in pediatric patients. METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2019 at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeastern Ethiopia. A total of 403 pediatric patients were included in the study, and a pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and risk factor-related data. Clinical samples such as urine, blood, wound swabs, discharges, and other body fluids were collected aseptically and inoculated on to Bile Esculin Azide Agar, and colony characteristics, Gram stain, catalase, salt, and temperature tolerance tests were employed for bacterial identification. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were performed using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Data was entered into SPSS software version 25 and descriptive statistics; bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. In all cases, a P value ≤ 0.05 with corresponding 95% confidence interval were considered as statistically significant. RESULT The overall prevalence of enterococci was 2.7% (11/403). Of which, the highest number of enterococci infection was recovered from urine sample (54.5%) followed by blood (27.3%), wound swab (9.1%), and other body fluids (9%). The overall multidrug resistance rate was 54.5%. Higher drug resistance pattern was observed against tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Having history of invasive procedure (P < 0.001), chronic illness (P < 0.001) and previous admission history of the children (P < 0.001) were statistically significant associated risk factors for pediatrics enterococci infection. CONCLUSION The prevalence of enterococci from pediatric patients in this study was relatively low compared to other studies. Significant rates of MDR and VRE were identified, and the risk of infection became high when children had a history of different chronic illnesses and history of admission and underwent invasive treatment procedures. Therefore, efforts should be made to prevent enterococci infections and spread of multidrug-resistant enterococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Admasu Abera
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Berhan Health Science College, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Tilahun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Saba Gebremichael Tekele
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Ashagrie Belete
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Mbanga J, Abia ALK, Amoako DG, Essack SY. Longitudinal Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. from a Wastewater Treatment Plant and Its Associated Waters in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:904-918. [PMID: 33512279 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the prevalence, distribution, and antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolated from raw and treated wastewater of a major wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and the receiving river water upstream and downstream from the WWTP discharge point. Escherichia coli and enterococci were isolated and counted using the Colilert®-18 Quanti-Tray® 2000 and Enterolert®-18 Quanti-Tray 2000 systems, respectively. A total of 580 quantitative PCR-confirmed E. coli and 579 enterococci were randomly chosen from positive samples and tested for in vitro antibiotic susceptibility using the disk diffusion assay against 20 and 16 antibiotics, respectively. The removal success of the bacterial species through the treatment procedure at the WWTP was expressed as log removal values (LRVs). Most E. coli were susceptible to meropenem (94.8%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (92.9%), with most Enterococcus susceptible to ampicillin (97.8%) and vancomycin (96.7%). In total, 376 (64.8%) E. coli and 468 (80.8%) Enterococcus isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR). A total of 42.4% (246/580) E. coli and 65.1% (377/579) enterococci isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance indices >0.2. The LRV for E. coli ranged from 2.97 to 3.99, and for enterococci the range was observed from 1.83 to 3.98. A high proportion of MDR E. coli and enterococci were present at all sampled sites, indicating insufficient removal during wastewater treatment. There is a need to appraise the public health risks associated with bacterial contamination of environmental waters arising from such WWTPs to protect the health of users of the receiving water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Mbanga
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Akebe Luther King Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Daniel Gyamfi Amoako
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sabiha Y Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Lazăr V, Gheorghe I, Curutiu C, Savin I, Marinescu F, Cristea VC, Dobre D, Popa GL, Chifiriuc MC, Popa MI. Antibiotic resistance profiles in cultivable microbiota isolated from some romanian natural fishery lakes included in Natura 2000 network. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:52. [PMID: 33499841 PMCID: PMC7836572 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aims the characterization of antibiotic resistance phenotypes and encoding genes in bacterial strains isolated from some Romanian aquatic fishery lowland salted lakes. MATERIAL/METHODS This study was conducted on 44 bacterial strains, mainly belonging to species used as microbiological indicators of fecal pollution isolated from four natural fishery lakes. All strains were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion method. Simplex and multiplex PCR were performed to identify the β-lactams antibiotic resistance genes (blaNMD, blaOXA-48, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaCTX-M, blaTEM), sulfonamides (Sul1, Sul2), tetracyclines (TetA, TetB, TetC, TetD, TetM), aminoglycosides (aac3Ia), vancomycin (VanA, VanB, VanC), macrolides (ermA, ermB, ermC) as well as the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) markers (QnrA, QnrB, QnrS), and class 1 integrons (Int1, drfA1-aadA1). RESULTS The Enterococcus spp. isolates exhibited phenotypic resistance to vancomycin (35 %) and macrolides (erythromycin) (75 %); from the vancomycin - resistant strains, 5 % harboured VanA (E. faecalis), while the erythromycin resistant isolates were positive for the ermA gene (E. faecalis - 10 %, E. faecium - 5 %). The Gram- negative rods (GNR) exhibited a high level of resistance to β-lactams: cefuroxime (63 %), cefazolin (42 %), ceftriaxone (8 %), ceftazidime and aztreonam (4 % each). The genetic determinants for beta-lactam resistance were represented by blaCTX-M-like (33 %), blaNDM-like and blaIMP-like (8.33 %) genes. The resistance to non-β-lactam antibiotics was ascertained to the following genes: quinolones (QnrS - 4.16 %); sulfonamides (Sul1-75 %, Sul2-4.16 %); aminoglycosides (aac3Ia - 4.16 %); tetracyclines (tetA - 25 %, tetC - 15 %). The integrase gene was found in more than 50 % of the studied strains (58.33 %). CONCLUSIONS The cultivable aquatic microbiota from fishery lakes is dominated by enterococci and Enterobacterales strains. The GNR strains exhibited high levels of β-lactam resistance mediated by extended spectrum beta-lactamases and metallo-β-lactamases. The Enterococcus sp. isolates were highly resistant to macrolides and vancomycin. The high level and diversity of resistance markers, correlated with a high frequency of integrons is suggesting that this environment could act as an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes with a great probability to be horizontally transmitted to other associated species from the aquatic sediments microbiota, raising the potential zoonotic risk for fish consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lazăr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- Maximilian Association, Buzău, Romania
| | - Irina Gheorghe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Curutiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Savin
- National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection , Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florica Marinescu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection , Bucharest, Romania
| | - Violeta Corina Cristea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Gabriela Loredana Popa
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Ioan Popa
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
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Ahmadpoor N, Ahmadrajabi R, Esfahani S, Hojabri Z, Moshafi MH, Saffari F. High-Level Resistance to Erythromycin and Tetracycline and Dissemination of Resistance Determinants among Clinical Enterococci in Iran. Med Princ Pract 2021; 30:272-276. [PMID: 33789292 PMCID: PMC8280436 DOI: 10.1159/000516216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution pattern of genes responsible for erythromycin and tetracycline resistance and their association with resistance phenotypes in enterococcus isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-six Enterococcus faecalis and 26 E. faecium isolates were collected from 2 hospitals in Kerman, Iran. Minimum inhibitory concentration of erythromycin and tetra-cycline was determined and then genes encoding resistance to erythromycin - erm (A-C), mef, and msr - and tetracycline - tet (M), tet (O), tet (S), tet (K), and tet (L) - were investigated. RESULTS In all resistant isolates (n = 72, 64%), high-level resistance to both tested antibiotics was found. The most prevalent erm gene was erm (B) (77.7%), followed by erm (A) (15.2%) and erm (C) (8.3%). Genes mediating erythromycin efflux were detected in 70.8% (mef) and 9.7% (msr) of resistant isolates. Regarding tetracycline, tet (M) was detected at the highest rate (50%), followed by tet (O) (31%) and tet (S) (11%). Export of tetracycline was found in 31% (tet (K)) and 12% (tet (L)) of isolates. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of high-level resistance to both erythromycin and tetracycline was documented. Alterations at the ribosomal level was more frequently detected in erythromycin and tetracycline resistance than efflux systems. Concurrent resistance mechanisms were more involved in resistance to erythromycin than tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikta Ahmadpoor
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Roya Ahmadrajabi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sarvenaz Esfahani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zoya Hojabri
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Moshafi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- *Correspondence to: Mohammad Hassan Moshafi,
| | - Fereshteh Saffari
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- **Correspondence to: Fereshteh Saffari,
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Lee MC, Lu CH, Lee WY, Lee CM. Correlation between Nosocomial Carriage of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Antimicrobial Use in Taiwan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 104:1131-1136. [PMID: 33319735 PMCID: PMC7941815 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid increase of nosocomial vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from 23.3% in 2009 to 44.5% in 2018 among all the medical centers in Taiwan was found. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between antimicrobial usage and prevalence of VRE. We conducted the study between January 2010 and December 2019 in a tertiary teaching hospital in Taiwan. Antibiotic consumption was expressed as defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1,000 patient-days (PDs). The trend in antibiotic consumption and VRE prevalence were analyzed by regression analysis with yearly data. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between antibiotic consumption and the prevalence of VRE. The total consumption of antibiotics increased significantly from 450.6 DDDs/1,000 PDs in 2010 to 520.1 DDDs/1,000 PDs in 2019 (P = 0.013). Positive correlations were found between the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and the consumption of amoxicillin/clavulanate, vancomycin, and carbapenems, which included meropenem (P < 0.05). The increase in total VRE prevalence was significantly correlated with increased consumption of vancomycin and carbapenems, which included meropenem (P < 0.05). This 10-year study in a hospital demonstrated changes in antimicrobial use, which may have affected VRE prevalence in the hospital. We found a rise in nosocomial VRE prevalence was associated with the use of specific antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ying Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Lee
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan
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Rivera-Gomis J, Marín P, Otal J, Galecio JS, Martínez-Conesa C, Cubero MJ. Resistance patterns to C and D antibiotic categories for veterinary use of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. commensal isolates from laying hen farms in Spain during 2018. Prev Vet Med 2020; 186:105222. [PMID: 33316583 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a global threat for human and animal health. Few studies have been carried out on laying hens. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Campylobacter spp., E. coli, and Enterococcus spp. isolates in Spanish laying hens in 2018. Samples were collected from 39 laying hen farms. The microorganisms of interest were isolated and confirmed by PCR. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) to antimicrobials of C and D categories were determined. 195 E. coli, 195 Enterococcus spp. and 25 Campylobacter spp. isolates were obtained. E. coli isolates showed high resistance to D category antimicrobials (sulfamethoxazole 76.41 %, tetracycline 62.05 %, trimethoprim 50.77 %, ampicillin 30.77 %) and lower resistance to C category (azithromycin 30.26 %, gentamicin 12.31 %, chloramphenicol 4.62 %). A 10.26 % of E. coli isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) to 3 antimicrobial families was found in 23.08 % of the isolates and 13.85 % were MDR to 4 families, being Erythromycin-Sulfamethoxazole-Tetracycline the most common resistance profile (10.77 %). Enterococcus spp. showed very high resistance to D category tetracycline (78.47 %) and C category erythromycin (76.42 %). The 11.79 % of Enterococcus spp. isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials and 53.33 % were resistant to 2 families, being Erythromycin-Tetracycline the most common AMR profile (51.79 %). Regarding Campylobacter spp., resistance to tetracycline (48 %) was higher than resistance to C category antimicrobials (erythromycin 28 %, streptomycin 24 %, gentamicin 16 %). There was a 52 % sensitivity to all tested antimicrobials and 24 % showed MDR to aminoglycosides, macrolides and tetracyclines (Gentamicin-Streptomycin-Erythromycin-Tetracycline MDR profile). Novel data on AMR in laying hen commensal isolates in Spain was provided. High resistance to several antimicrobials was found, especially to key drugs for the treatment of zoonosis, which represents a public health risk. Better surveillance and careful regulation of antimicrobial use is required in laying hen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rivera-Gomis
- Research Group E095-06 Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Regional Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pedro Marín
- Research Group E095-06 Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Regional Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julio Otal
- Animal Production Department, Regional Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Sebastián Galecio
- Research Group E095-06 Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Regional Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbayá EC 170157, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Martínez-Conesa
- Research Group on Rainfed Agriculture for Rural Development, Department of Rural Development, Oenology and Sustainable Agriculture. Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), 30150 Alberca de Las Torres, Murcia, Spain
| | - María José Cubero
- Research Group E095-06 Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Regional Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Vrancianu CO, Gheorghe I, Dobre EG, Barbu IC, Cristian RE, Popa M, Lee SH, Limban C, Vlad IM, Chifiriuc MC. Emerging Strategies to Combat β-Lactamase Producing ESKAPE Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8527. [PMID: 33198306 PMCID: PMC7697847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1929 as a therapeutic agent against staphylococci, β-lactam antibiotics (BLAs) remained the most successful antibiotic classes against the majority of bacterial strains, reaching a percentage of 65% of all medical prescriptions. Unfortunately, the emergence and diversification of β-lactamases pose indefinite health issues, limiting the clinical effectiveness of all current BLAs. One solution is to develop β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) capable of restoring the activity of β-lactam drugs. In this review, we will briefly present the older and new BLAs classes, their mechanisms of action, and an update of the BLIs capable of restoring the activity of β-lactam drugs against ESKAPE (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens. Subsequently, we will discuss several promising alternative approaches such as bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles, CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) cas technology, or vaccination developed to limit antimicrobial resistance in this endless fight against Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
- Microbiology Immunology Department and The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.-G.D.); (I.C.B.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Irina Gheorghe
- Microbiology Immunology Department and The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.-G.D.); (I.C.B.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Elena-Georgiana Dobre
- Microbiology Immunology Department and The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.-G.D.); (I.C.B.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Ilda Czobor Barbu
- Microbiology Immunology Department and The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.-G.D.); (I.C.B.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Roxana Elena Cristian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marcela Popa
- Microbiology Immunology Department and The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.-G.D.); (I.C.B.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Sang Hee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, 03674 Myongjiro, Yongin 449-728, Gyeonggido, Korea;
- National Leading Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, 116 Myongjiro, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Carmen Limban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia no.6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.); (I.M.V.)
| | - Ilinca Margareta Vlad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia no.6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.); (I.M.V.)
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Microbiology Immunology Department and The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.-G.D.); (I.C.B.); (M.P.); (M.C.C.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
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Al Salah DMM, Ngweme GN, Laffite A, Otamonga JP, Mulaji C, Poté J. Hospital wastewaters: A reservoir and source of clinically relevant bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes dissemination in urban river under tropical conditions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 200:110767. [PMID: 32470679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and dissemination of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) that are associated with clinical pathogens and the evaluation of associated risks are still under-investigated in developing countries under tropical conditions. In this context, cultivable and molecular approaches were performed to assess the dissemination of bacteria and the antibiotic resistance genes in aquatic environment in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Cultivable approach quantified β-lactam, carbapenem resistant, and total Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae in river sediments and surface waters that receive raw hospital effluents. The molecular approach utilized Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) to quantify the total bacteria and the richness of relevant bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs: blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M, blaIMP, blaTEM) in sediment samples. Statistical analysis were employed to highlight the significance of hospital contribution and seasonal variation of bacteria and ARGs into aquatic ecosystems in suburban municipalities of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The contribution of hospitals to antibiotic resistance proliferation is higher in the dry season than during the wet season (p < 0.05). Hospital similarly contributed Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas and ARGs significantly to the sediments in both seasons (p < 0.05). The organic matter content correlated positively with E. coli (r = 0.50, p < 0.05). The total bacterial load correlated with Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas (0.49 < r < 0.69, p < 0.05). Each ARG correlated with the total bacterial load or at least one relevant bacteria (0.41 < r < 0.81, p < 0.05). Our findings confirm that hospital wastewaters contributed significantly to antibiotic resistance profile and the significance of this contribution increased in the dry season. Moreover, our analysis highlights this risk from untreated hospital wastewaters in developing countries, which presents a great threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhafer Mohammed M Al Salah
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Institute F. A. Forel and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bd Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, Prince Turki the 1st St, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Georgette N Ngweme
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 11850, Kinshasa XI, Congo
| | - Amandine Laffite
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Institute F. A. Forel and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bd Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Otamonga
- Université Pédagogique Nationale (UPN), Croisement Route de Matadi et Avenue de La Libération. Quartier Binza/UPN, B.P. 8815 Kinshasa, Congo
| | - Crispin Mulaji
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 190, Kinshasa XI, Congo
| | - John Poté
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Institute F. A. Forel and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bd Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; Université Pédagogique Nationale (UPN), Croisement Route de Matadi et Avenue de La Libération. Quartier Binza/UPN, B.P. 8815 Kinshasa, Congo; Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 190, Kinshasa XI, Congo.
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Li XD, Chen YH, Liu C, Hong J, Deng H, Yu DJ. Eutrophication and Related Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococci in the Minjiang River, China. Microb Ecol 2020; 80:1-13. [PMID: 31838570 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the aquatic environment has received increasing attention in recent years, and growing eutrophication problems may contribute to AMR in aquatic ecosystems. To evaluate whether and how eutrophication affects AMR, 40 surface water samples were collected from the Minjiang River, Fujian Province, China. Total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) were measured as eutrophication factors. Additionally, enterococci species were isolated and their resistance to six common antibiotics was tested. Eutrophication generally showed a trend of increasing with the flow direction of the Minjiang River, with 25 sites (62.5%) having a TN/TP value over the Redfield value (16:1), which indicated that eutrophication in this region was of phosphorus limitation. High nutrition sites were in or near urban areas. Poor quality water was found in the middle and lower reaches of the Minjiang River system. The resistance frequency of 40 enterococci isolates to the six antibiotics tested was as follows: oxytetracycline > erythromycin > ciprofloxacin > chloramphenicol > ampicillin > vancomycin (70, 50, 17.5, 12.5, 2.5, 0%), and the multi-resistant rate reached 50% with eight resistance phenotypes. AMR also increased along the direction of water flow downstream, and most of the sites with the highest AMR were in or near urban areas, as was true for nutrition levels. Positive correlations between AMR and eutrophication factors (TN, TP, and CODMn) were identified using the Pearson's correlation coefficient, and TN/TP generally was negatively related to AMR. These results indicated that eutrophication may induce or selective for resistance of water-borne pathogens to antibiotics, with a high resistance level and a wide resistance spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Vocational College of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350119, China
| | - Can Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Juan Hong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dao-Jin Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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20
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Maiti PK, Das S, Sahoo P, Mandal S. Streptomyces sp SM01 isolated from Indian soil produces a novel antibiotic picolinamycin effective against multi drug resistant bacterial strains. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10092. [PMID: 32572099 PMCID: PMC7308314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66984-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A Kashmir Himalayan (India) soil isolate, Streptomyces sp. SM01 was subjected to small scale fermentation for the production of novel antimicrobials, picolinamycin (SM1). The production has been optimized which found to be maximum while incubated in AIA medium (pH 7) for 7 days at 30 °C. Seven days grew crude cell-free culture media (50 µL) showed a larger zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus compared to streptomycin (5 µg) and ampicillin (5 µg). Extraction, purification, and chemical analysis of the antimicrobial component has been proved to be a new class of antibiotic with 1013 dalton molecular weight. We have named this new antibiotic as picolinamycin for consisting picolinamide moiety in the center of the molecule and produced by a Streptomyces sp. In general, the antimicrobial potency of this newly characterized antibiotic found to be higher against Gram-positive organisms than the tested Gram-negative organisms. The MIC of this antimicrobial compound was found to be 0.01 µg/ml for tested Gram-positive organisms and 0.02 to 5.12 µg/ml for Gram-negative organisms. Furthermore, it showed strong growth impairments of several multidrug resistance (MDR) strains, including methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococci and Enterococci with the MIC value of 0.04 to 5.12 µg/ml and MDR (but methicillin-sensitive) strains of S. aureus with the MIC value of 0.084 µg/ml. It also showed anti-mycobacterial potential in higher concentrations (MIC is 10.24 µg/ml). Picolinamycin however did not show toxicity against tested A549 human cell line indicating that the spectrum of its activity limited within bacteria only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak Kumar Maiti
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Sujoy Das
- The Molecular Recognition Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Siksha Bhavana, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Prithidipa Sahoo
- The Molecular Recognition Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Siksha Bhavana, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India.
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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21
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Osei Sekyere J, Mensah E. Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. in Africa: a systematic review from a One Health perspective. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1465:29-58. [PMID: 31647583 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria in Africa from a One Health perspective is lacking. Here, we report result from a search for English-language articles on the resistance mechanisms and clonality of Gram-positive bacteria in Africa between 2007 and 2019 reported in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and African Journals OnLine; 172 studies from 22 different African countries were identified. Resistance genes, such as mecA, erm(B), erm(C), tet(M), tet(K), tet(L), vanB, vanA, vanC, and tet(O), were found to be common. Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. were the main species reported by the studies, with clones such as Staphylococcus aureus ST5 (n = 218 isolates), ST8 (n = 127 isolates), ST80 (n = 133 isolates), and ST88 (n = 117 isolates), and mobile genetic elements such as IS16 (n = 28 isolates), IS256 (n = 96), Tn916 (n = 107 isolates), and SCCmec (n = 4437 isolates) identified. SCCmec IV (n = 747 isolates) was predominant, followed by SCCmec III (n = 305 isolates), SCCmec II (n = 163 isolates), SCCmec V (n = 135 isolates), and SCCmec I (n = 79 isolates). Resistance to penicillin (n = 5926 isolates), tetracycline (n = 5300 isolates), erythromycin (n = 5151 isolates), rifampicin (n = 3823 isolates), gentamycin (n = 3494 isolates), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (n = 3089 isolates), and ciprofloxacin (n = 2746 isolates) was common in most reports from 22 countries. Clonal dissemination of resistance across countries and between humans, animals, and the environment was observed. Resistance rates ranged from 1.4% to 100% for 15 of the studies; 10 were One Health-related studies. Strict infection control measures, antimicrobial stewardship, and periodic One Health epidemiological surveillance studies are needed to monitor and contain the threat of increasing antibiotic resistance in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Osei Sekyere
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Eric Mensah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Das AK, Dudeja M, Kohli S, Ray P, Singh M, Kaur PS. Biofilm synthesis and other virulence factors in multidrug-resistant uropathogenic enterococci isolated in Northern India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2020; 38:200-209. [PMID: 32883934 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Enterococci express high degree of resistance towards wide range of antibiotics. Production of biofilm and many virulence factors along with drug resistance makes it difficult to eradicate the infection from urinary tract. The present study detected the expression of such factors including biofilm production by multidrug-resistant (MDR) enterococci. Materials and Methods Drug susceptibility of 103 uropathogenic enterococci was performed followed by estimation of minimum inhibitory concentration of high-level gentamicin and vancomycin by microbroth dilution method. Vancomycin-resistant genes were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Production of virulence factors such as haemagglutination, caseinase, lipase, gelatinase, haemolysin and β-lactamase was detected by phenotypic methods in MDR strains. Biofilm production was detected by calcofluor-white fluorescence staining and semi-quantitative adherence assay. Results 45% and 18.4% of the isolates were high-level gentamicin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), respectively. vanA gene was detected in 14 and vanB gene in 5 strains. Biofilm, caseinase and gelatinase were the most expressed virulence factor. Expression of caseinase, gelatinase and lipase was significantly higher in Enterococcus faecalis (P < 0.05). Expression of haemagglutination, gelatinase and haemolysin among the vancomycin-resistant isolates was significantly higher (P < 0.05). Conclusion VanA and vanB are the prevalent genotypes responsible for vancomycin resistance. The high prevalence of MDR enterococcal strains producing biofilm and virulence determinants raises concern. asa1, hyl, esp, gelE, cyl and other genes are known to express these factors and contribute to biofilm formation. Most uropathogenic enterococci expressed biofilm at moderate level and can be detected effectively by calcofluor-white staining. No correlation was noted between vancomycin resistance and biofilm production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Kumar Das
- Department of Microbiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mridu Dudeja
- Department of Microbiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kohli
- Department of Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Manvi Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Preet Simran Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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23
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Capps KM, Amachawadi RG, Menegat MB, Woodworth JC, Perryman K, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, DeRouchey JM, Goodband RD, Bai J, Apley MD, Lubbers BV, Nagaraja TG. Impact of added copper, alone or in combination with chlortetracycline, on growth performance and antimicrobial resistance of fecal enterococci of weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa003. [PMID: 31950170 PMCID: PMC7072034 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest a link between added copper (Cu) and co-selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterococcus spp., but data are inconsistent. This study aimed to assess the impact of added Cu, alone or with a feed-grade antimicrobial, on growth performance, transferable Cu resistance gene (tcrB) prevalence, abundance of tcrB in fecal community DNA, and AMR in fecal enterococci in weaned piglets. A total of 320 barrows (DNA 200 × 400, DNA Genetics) weaned at approximately 21 d of age with 7.4 kg (7.4 ± 0.06 kg) BW were used in a 28-d study. Piglets were fed a common non-medicated diet for 7 d of acclimation. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with main effects of added Cu (0 vs. 200 mg/kg Cu from Cu sulfate) and chlortetracycline (0 vs. 440 mg/kg CTC). Growth performance and fecal samples were obtained on days 0, 14, and 28. There was no evidence (P > 0.05) for Cu and CTC interaction in growth performance. Pigs fed diets with added Cu had increased (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI from days 0 to 14, with no evidence for differences (P > 0.05) from days 15 to 28 and 0 to 28. Pigs fed diets with CTC had improved (P < 0.01) ADG, ADFI, and G:F from days 0 to 28. Prevalence of tcrB-positive enterococci was not affected by the addition of Cu and/or CTC (P > 0.05). Prevalence of tcrB-positive enterococci was higher on day 14 than other sampling days (P = 0.002). Prevalence of tetracycline resistance gene [tet(M)]-positive enterococci was not affected by treatments or day (P > 0.05). Prevalence of macrolide resistance gene [erm(B)]-positive enterococci had a significant treatment and sampling day interaction (P = 0.021). The abundance of the tcrB gene in feces, quantified by PCR, was not affected by Cu treatment. The median Cu minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of tcrB-negative and -positive isolates were 3 and 20 mM, respectively (P < 0.001). For day 0 and day 28, all Enterococcus isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, daptomycin, and tigecycline, with a majority of isolates resistant to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, lincomycin, linezolid, tetracycline, tylosin tartrate, and Synercid. In conclusion, 200 mg/kg added Cu or 440 mg/kg CTC in nursery diets improved growth performance of nursery pigs. Added Cu, with or without a selection pressure of CTC, did not increase Cu-resistant enterococci and did not co-select resistance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylen M Capps
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Raghavendra G Amachawadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Mariana B Menegat
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Steve S Dritz
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Joel M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Robert D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Mike D Apley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Brian V Lubbers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Tiruvoor G Nagaraja
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Cazer CL, Eldermire ERB, Lhermie G, Murray SA, Scott HM, Gröhn YT. The effect of tylosin on antimicrobial resistance in beef cattle enteric bacteria: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2020; 176:104934. [PMID: 32109782 PMCID: PMC7197392 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tylosin is a commonly used in-feed antimicrobial and is approved in several countries to reduce the incidence of liver abscesses in beef cattle. Macrolides are critically important antimicrobials in human health and used to treat some foodborne bacterial diseases, such as Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella. Feeding tylosin could select for resistant enteric bacteria in cattle, which could contaminate beef products at slaughter and potentially cause foodborne illness. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of feeding tylosin to cattle on phenotypic and genotypic resistance in several potential zoonotic enteric bacteria: Enterococcus species, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica, and Campylobacter species. This review was registered with PROSPERO (#CRD42018085949). RESULTS Eleven databases were searched for primary research studies that fed tylosin at approved doses to feedlot cattle and tested bacteria of interest for phenotypic or genotypic resistance. We screened 1,626 citations and identified 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Enterococcus species were tested in seven studies, Escherichia coli was isolated in five studies, three studies reported on Salmonella, and two studies reported on Campylobacter species. Most studies relied on phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing and seven also reported resistance gene testing. A random-effects meta-analyses of erythromycin-resistant enterococci from four studies had significant residual heterogeneity. Only two studies were available for a meta-analysis of tylosin-resistant enterococci. A semi-quantitative analysis demonstrated an increase in macrolide-resistant enterococci after long durations of tylosin administration (>100 days). Semi-quantitative analyses of other bacteria-antimicrobial combinations revealed mixed results, but many comparisons found no effect of tylosin administration. However, about half of these no-effect comparisons did not record the cumulative days of tylosin administration or the time since the last dose. CONCLUSIONS When fed at approved dosages for typical durations, tylosin increases the proportion of macrolide-resistant enterococci in the cattle gastrointestinal tract, which could pose a zoonotic risk to human beef consumers. Feeding tylosin for short durations may mitigate the impact on macrolide-resistant enterococci and further studies are encouraged to determine the effect of minimizing or eliminating tylosin use in beef cattle. There may also be an impact on other bacteria and other antimicrobial resistances but additional details or data are needed to strengthen these comparisons. We encourage authors of antimicrobial-resistance studies to follow reporting guidelines and publish details of all comparisons to strengthen future meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey L Cazer
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Erin R B Eldermire
- Flower-Sprecher Veterinary Library, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA.
| | - Guillaume Lhermie
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Sarah A Murray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, USA.
| | - H Morgan Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, USA.
| | - Yrjö T Gröhn
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Manson AL, Van Tyne D, Straub TJ, Clock S, Crupain M, Rangan U, Gilmore MS, Earl AM. Chicken Meat-Associated Enterococci: Influence of Agricultural Antibiotic Use and Connection to the Clinic. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e01559-19. [PMID: 31471308 PMCID: PMC6821970 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01559-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial farms are unique, human-created ecosystems that provide the perfect setting for the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Agricultural antibiotic use amplifies naturally occurring resistance mechanisms from soil ecologies, promoting their spread and sharing with other bacteria, including those poised to become endemic within hospital environments. To better understand the role of enterococci in the movement of antibiotic resistance from farm to table to clinic, we characterized over 300 isolates of Enterococcus cultured from raw chicken meat purchased at U.S. supermarkets by the Consumers Union in 2013. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were the predominant species found, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing uncovered striking levels of resistance to medically important antibiotic classes, particularly from classes approved by the FDA for use in animal production. While nearly all isolates were resistant to at least one drug, bacteria from meat labeled as raised without antibiotics had fewer resistances, particularly for E. faecium Whole-genome sequencing of 92 isolates revealed that both commensal- and clinical-isolate-like enterococcal strains were associated with chicken meat, including isolates bearing important resistance-conferring elements and virulence factors. The ability of enterococci to persist in the food system positions them as vehicles to move resistance genes from the industrial farm ecosystem into more human-proximal ecologies.IMPORTANCE Bacteria that contaminate food can serve as a conduit for moving drug resistance genes from farm to table to clinic. Our results show that chicken meat-associated isolates of Enterococcus are often multidrug resistant, closely related to pathogenic lineages, and harbor worrisome virulence factors. These drug-resistant agricultural isolates could thus represent important stepping stones in the evolution of enterococci into drug-resistant human pathogens. Although significant efforts have been made over the past few years to reduce the agricultural use of antibiotics, continued assessment of agricultural practices, including the roles of processing plants, shared breeding flocks, and probiotics as sources for resistance spread, is needed in order to slow the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Because antibiotic resistance is a global problem, global policies are needed to address this threat. Additional measures must be taken to mitigate the development and spread of antibiotic resistance elements from farms to clinics throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Manson
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Genomic Center for Infectious Diseases, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daria Van Tyne
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Genomic Center for Infectious Diseases, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy J Straub
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Genomic Center for Infectious Diseases, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Clock
- Food Safety and Sustainability Center, Consumer Reports, Yonkers, New York, USA
| | - Michael Crupain
- Food Safety and Sustainability Center, Consumer Reports, Yonkers, New York, USA
| | - Urvashi Rangan
- Food Safety and Sustainability Center, Consumer Reports, Yonkers, New York, USA
| | - Michael S Gilmore
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Genomic Center for Infectious Diseases, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashlee M Earl
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Genomic Center for Infectious Diseases, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Jeong S, Lee Y, Yun CH, Park OJ, Han SH. Propionate, together with triple antibiotics, inhibits the growth of Enterococci. J Microbiol 2019; 57:1019-1024. [PMID: 31659687 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-9434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterococci are Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria that colonize the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Enterococcal infections, mainly caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, include apical periodontitis, endocarditis, and bloodstream infections. Recently, vancomycinresistant Enterococci are considered major pathogens that are common but difficult to treat, especially in nosocomial settings. Moreover, E. faecalis is closely associated with recurrent endodontic infections and failed endodontic treatment. In this study, we investigated the effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are metabolites fermented by gut microbiota, on the growth of Enterococci. Enterococci were cultured in the presence or absence of acetate, propionate, or butyrate, and the optical density at 600 nm was measured to determine bacterial growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration/minimum bactericidal concentration test was conducted. Bacteria were treated with a SCFA, together with clinically used endodontic treatment methods such as triple antibiotics (metronidazole, minocycline, and ciprofloxacin) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) to determine the effects of combination treatment. Of the SCFAs, propionate had a bacteriostatic effect, inhibiting the growth of E. faecalis in a dose-dependent manner and also that of clinical strains of E. faecalis isolated from dental plaques. Meanwhile, acetate and butyrate had minimal effects on E. faecalis growth. Moreover, propionate inhibited the growth of other Enterococci including E. faecium. In addition, combination treatment of propionate and triple antibiotics led to further growth inhibition, whereas no cooperative effect was observed at propionate plus CHX. These results indicate that propionate attenuates the growth of Enterococci, suggesting propionate as a potential agent to control Enterococcal infections, especially when combined with triple antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Jeong
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjae Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- College of Liberal Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Shen Y, Davedow T, Ran T, Saleem AM, Yoon I, Narvaez C, Mcallister TA, Yang W. Ruminally protected and unprotected Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products as alternatives to antibiotics in finishing beef steers1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:4323-4333. [PMID: 31410465 PMCID: PMC6776282 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP; NaturSafe, SCFPns; and Original XPC, XPC; Diamond V) on growth performance, carcass traits, immune response, and antimicrobial resistance in beef steers fed high-grain diets. Ninety Angus steers (initial body weight [BW], 533 ± 9.8 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete design with 6 treatments (n = 15/treatment): 1) control, 2) low (12 g SCFPns·steer-1·d-1), 3) medium (15 g SCFPns·steer-1·d-1), 4) high SCFP (18 g SCFPns·steer-1·d-1), 5) encapsulated XPC (eXPC; 7 g XPC·steer-1·d-1 encapsulated with 9 g capsule material), and 6) antibiotics (ANT; 330 mg monensin + 110 mg tylosin·steer-1·d-1). Steers were fed ad libitum a diet containing 10% barley silage and 90% barley grain concentrate mix (dry matter basis) for 105 d. Increasing SCFPns tended (P < 0.09) to linearly increase feed efficiency. Average daily gain (ADG) tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in steers supplemented with eXPC than control. The SCFPns also tended (P < 0.10) to linearly increase marbling score. Proportion of severely abscessed livers tended (P < 0.10) to be lower in steers supplemented with medium and high SCFPns, eXPC, or ANT. A treatment × days on feed interaction were noticed (P < 0.01) for blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and acute phase proteins. The concentration of blood glucose responded quadratically (P < 0.05) on days 28 and 56, whereas BUN linearly (P < 0.01) increased on day 105 with increasing SCFPns dose. The SCFPns linearly increased haptoglobin (P < 0.03) and serum amyloid A (SAA;P < 0.05) concentrations on day 105, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP;P < 0.01) on days 56 and 105. The percentage of erythromycin-resistant and erythromycin + tetracycline-resistant enterococci was greater (P < 0.05) with ANT than control, SCFPns, and eXPC, whereas no difference was observed among control, SCFPns, and eXPC. No treatment effect was detected on the percentage of tetracycline-resistant enterococci. These results indicate that feeding SCFPns and eXPC was beneficial in improving ADG, feed efficiency and decreasing liver abscesses in a manner comparable to ANT. Unlike antibiotics, SCFPns or eXPC did not increase antimicrobial resistance. Both SCFPns and eXPC are potential alternatives to in-feed antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Taylor Davedow
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, R3T 2N2
| | - Tao Ran
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Atef M Saleem
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ilkyu Yoon
- Diamond V, 2525 60th Ave SW, Cedar Rapids, IA
| | - Claudia Narvaez
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, MB, R3T 2N2
| | | | - Wenzhu Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
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Atilano Carvalho P, Monteiro A, Almeida B, Correia FH, Resende V, Nunes C, Lopes S. [The Epidemiological Profile of the Isolation of 'Problem' Microorganisms]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2019; 32:600-605. [PMID: 31493364 DOI: 10.20344/amp.10838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections are a major problem and the presence of drug-resistant microorganisms has significant clinical and economic impact. The present study aims to evaluate the epidemiological profile of "problem" microorganisms isolated in a hospital in the north of Portugal. MATERIAL AND METHODS All isolated microorganisms were analyzed, between January 2014 and June 2015. Data obtained was then processed using statistical software. RESULTS We analyzed 8146 microbiological isolations and found a prevalence of 23% of 'problem' microorganisms (in descending order of frequency: Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus pneumonia), 57.55% of which isolated in male patients. The most frequent mechanism of drug resistance for the overall sample was the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and resistance to oxacillin for 'problem' microorganisms. DISCUSSION In this sample, we observed a much higher prevalence of 'problem' microorganisms than that reported in other countries, which shows the need of improvement of surveillance mechanisms and treatment of these cases. Microorganisms that showed higher resistance were Staphylococcus aureus (resistant to oxacillin) and Enterococcus (resistant to vancomycin). Those were isolated in patients with a higher mean age compared to non-resistant microorganisms. Most of these microorganisms were isolated in hospitalized patients or intermediate and intensive care units, what relates them with healthcare associated infections. CONCLUSION The prevalence of infection by 'problem' microorganisms during the studied period was 23%. The detection and control of the spread of these microorganisms are paramount due to its impact on health costs, morbidity and survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Atilano Carvalho
- Serviço de Ortopedia. Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga. Santa Maria da Feira. Portugal
| | - Ana Monteiro
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - Bruno Almeida
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal
| | | | - Vera Resende
- Serviço de Ortopedia. Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga. Santa Maria da Feira. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - Carla Nunes
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisboa. Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - Sílvia Lopes
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal
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Giannakopoulos X, Sakkas H, Ragos V, Tsiambas E, Bozidis P, M Evangelou A, Papadopoulou C, Petrogiannopoulos L, Sofikitis N. Impact of enterococcal urinary tract infections in immunocompromised - neoplastic patients. J BUON 2019; 24:1768-1775. [PMID: 31786836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Infections in immunocompromised-neoplastic patients represent a severe complication. Among bacteria, Enterococcus species constitute a common causative pathogen of urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially among hospitalized patients with or without urinary tract carcinoma, related commonly to urinary tract abnormalities, urinary catheters or prolonged antibiotic treatment. Although enterococci have been considered more commonly as colonization bacteria in the intestine than virulent agents, they are frequently implicated in UTIs. The high incidence of enterococcal UTIs is associated with several risk factors including age, female gender, previous UTI, diabetes, pregnancy, immunosuppression due to cancer development and progression, renal transplantation and spinal cord injury. Clinical manifestations are usually absent or mild in enterococcal UTIs, which may also become an important source for both bacteremia and endocarditis. Over the last years, the prevalence of multidrug resistant enterococci, particularly vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis has significantly risen worldwide, associated with increased morbidity, limited treatment options and increased health-care costs. In this review, the current knowledge on enterococcal UTIs epidemiology and influence in the corresponding immunocompromised patients is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenofon Giannakopoulos
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Zhen X, Lundborg CS, Sun X, Hu X, Dong H. Economic burden of antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE organisms: a systematic review. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:137. [PMID: 31417673 PMCID: PMC6692939 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is one of the biggest threats to global health. Infections by ESKAPE (Enterococcus, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli) organisms are the leading cause of healthcare-acquired infections worldwide. ABR in ESKAPE organisms is usually associated with significant higher morbidity, mortality, as well as economic burden. Directing attention towards the ESKAPE organisms can help us to better combat the wide challenge of ABR, especially multi-drug resistance (MDR). Objective This study aims to systematically review and evaluate the evidence of the economic consequences of ABR or MDR ESKAPE organisms compared with susceptible cases or control patients without infection/colonization in order to determine the impact of ABR on economic burden. Methods Both English-language databases and Chinese-language databases up to 16 January, 2019 were searched to identify relevant studies assessing the economic burden of ABR. Studies reported hospital costs (charges) or antibiotic cost during the entire hospitalization and during the period before/after culture among patients with ABR or MDR ESKAPE organisms were included. The costs were converted into 2015 United States Dollars. Disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Results Of 13,693 studies identified, 83 eligible studies were included in our review. The most studied organism was S. aureus, followed by Enterococcus, A. baumannii, E. coli, E. coli or/and K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae. There were 71 studies on total hospital cost or charge, 12 on antibiotic cost, 11 on hospital cost or charge after culture, 4 on ICU cost, 2 on hospital cost or charge before culture, and 2 on total direct and indirect cost. In general, ABR or MDR ESKAPE organisms are significantly associated with higher economic burden than those with susceptible organisms or those without infection or colonization. Nonetheless, there were no differences in a few studies between the two groups on total hospital cost or charge (16 studies), antibiotic cost (one study), hospital cost before culture (one study), hospital cost after culture (one study). Even, one reported that costs associated with MSSA infection were higher than the costs for similar MRSA cases. Conclusions ABR in ESKAPE organisms is not always, but usually, associated with significantly higher economic burden. The results without significant differences may lack statistical power to detect a significant association. In addition, study design which controls for severity of illness and same empirical antibiotic therapy in the two groups would be expected to bias the study towards a similar, even negative result. The review also highlights key areas where further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhen
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- Global Health-Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines, focusing antibiotics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
- Global Health-Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines, focusing antibiotics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xueshan Sun
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Hengjin Dong
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. N1, Shancheng Avenue, Yiwu City, Zhejiang China
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31
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Terra MR, Tosoni NF, Furlaneto MC, Furlaneto-Maia L. Assessment of vancomycin resistance transfer among enterococci of clinical importance in milk matrix. J Environ Sci Health B 2019; 54:925-929. [PMID: 31382830 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1647753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissemination of vancomycin resistance in enterococci has been associated with horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements. Aim of the study was to evaluate if milk matrix is a suitable environment to support transferability of vancomycin resistance (vanA) gene from clinical vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecalis. Enterococci strains were firstly screened for the presence of cpd (inducible sex pheromone determinant) gene, vanA and tetL genes (vancomycin and tetracycline resistance markers, respectively) and the gelE (extracellular metalloendopeptidase) gene to define the mating pairs. Based on these selection markers, we investigated the transferability of eight plasmid-borne vanA harbored by E. faecium (vanA+, cpd-, tetL- and gelE-) into two E. faecalis (vanA-, cpd+, tetL + and gelE+) recipient strains in milk matrix. The strains were mated in a 1:1 ratio in 7% reconstituted milk and incubated at 37 °C. Transconjugants emerged from all 16 matings within 2 h of incubation and were evidenced by dual antibiotic resistance (vancomycin and tetracycline). The vancomycin-resistance of trasconjugants was maintained even after ten subsequent passages on nonselective medium. Transconjugants were positive for vanA, tetL and gelE genes. This study indicates milk matrix as suitable environment to support gene exchange between Enterococcus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R Terra
- Department of Microbiology, Universitry Campus, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Natara F Tosoni
- Department of Food Technology, Campus of Londrina, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Furlaneto
- Department of Microbiology, Universitry Campus, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Luciana Furlaneto-Maia
- Department of Food Technology, Campus of Londrina, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
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O'Dea M, Sahibzada S, Jordan D, Laird T, Lee T, Hewson K, Pang S, Abraham R, Coombs GW, Harris T, Pavic A, Abraham S. Genomic, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Public Health Insights into Enterococcus spp. from Australian Chickens. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:e00319-19. [PMID: 31118269 PMCID: PMC6663891 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00319-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to Australia's management of antimicrobial use in poultry, particularly the discontinued use of avoparcin for nearly 20 years, it is hypothesized that vancomycin-resistant enterococci associated with human disease are not derived from poultry isolates. This study evaluated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of five enterococcal species isolated from Australian meat chickens, genomic features of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, and the phylogenetic relationship of the poultry-derived E. faecium with isolates from human sepsis cases. All enterococcal isolates from chicken ceca were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. E. faecium and E. faecalis underwent whole-genome sequencing. E. faecium was compared at the core genome level to a collection of human isolates (n = 677) obtained from cases of sepsis over a 2-year period spanning 2015 to 2016. Overall, 205 enterococci were isolated consisting of five different species. E. faecium was the most frequently isolated species (37.6%), followed by E. durans (29.7%), E. faecalis (20%), E. hirae (12.2%), and E. gallinarum (0.5%). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and gentamicin, while one isolate was linezolid resistant (MIC 16 mg/liter). Core genome analysis of the E. faecium demonstrated two clades consisting predominantly of human or chicken isolates in each clade, with minimal overlap. Principal component analysis for total gene content revealed three clusters comprised of vanA-positive, vanB-positive, and both vanA- and vanB-negative E. faecium populations. The results of this study provide strong evidence that Australian chicken E. faecium isolates are unlikely to be precursor strains to the currently circulating vancomycin-resistant strains being isolated in Australian hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O'Dea
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Shafi Sahibzada
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - David Jordan
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW, Australia
| | - Tanya Laird
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Terence Lee
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Kylie Hewson
- Australian Chicken Meat Federation, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stanley Pang
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Rebecca Abraham
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W Coombs
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Taha Harris
- Birling Avian Laboratories, Bringelly, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Pavic
- Birling Avian Laboratories, Bringelly, NSW, Australia
| | - Sam Abraham
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Ryu BH, Hong J, Jung J, Kim MJ, Sung H, Kim MN, Chong YP, Kim SH, Lee SO, Kim YS, Woo JH, Choi SH. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of Enterococcus durans bacteremia: a 20-year experience in a tertiary care hospital. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1743-1751. [PMID: 31243595 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium bacteremia are well known, those of E. durans bacteremia are still largely unclear. We retrospectively identified 80 adult E. durans bacteremia cases treated at our 2700-bed tertiary care hospital between January 1997 and December 2016. We compared the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of the adult patients with E. durans bacteremia (case group) with those of E. faecalis and E. faecium bacteremia cases (two control groups). The case and control groups were matched for sex, age, and date of onset of bacteremia. E. durans was responsible for 1.2% of all enterococcal bacteremia cases at our hospital. Of 80 cases, 39 (48.8%) had biliary tract infection and 18 (22.5%) had urinary tract infection. Community-onset bacteremia was more frequent in the case group than in the control groups (56.2% vs. 35.0% vs. 21.2%, p < 0.01). Infective endocarditis tended to be more common in the E. durans group (7.5% vs. 1.2% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.05). The majority of E. durans isolates were susceptible to penicillin (66/76, 86.8%), ampicillin (67/76, 88.2%), and vancomycin (75/76, 98.7%). The case group had significantly lower all-cause mortality (20.0% vs. 31.2% vs. 42.5%, p < 0.01) and bacteremia-related mortality (2.5% vs. 16.2% vs. 18.8%, p < 0.01) than the control groups. E. durans bacteremia mainly originates from the biliary or urinary tract and is associated with a lower risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Han Ryu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsup Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Pil Chong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Oh Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Soo Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Woo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lépesová K, Olejníková P, Mackuľak T, Tichý J, Birošová L. Annual changes in the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci in municipal wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:18470-18483. [PMID: 31049859 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater contains subinhibitory concentrations of different micropollutants such as antibiotics that create selective pressure on bacteria. This phenomenon is also caused by insufficient wastewater treatment technology leading to the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes into the environment. Therefore, this work focused on monitoring of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci in influent and effluent wastewaters taken from the second biggest wastewater treatment plant (Petržalka) in the capital of Slovakia during 1 year. Antibiotic-resistant strains were isolated, identified, and characterized in terms of susceptibility and biofilm production. All of 27 antibiotic-resistant isolates were identified mainly as Morganella morganii, Citrobacter spp., and E. coli. Multidrug-resistance was detected in 58% of isolated strains. All tested isolates could form biofilm; two strains were very strong producers, and 74% formed biofilm by strong intensity. The flow rate of the influent wastewater had a more significant impact on the number of studied bacteria than the temperature. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Lépesová
- Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Petra Olejníková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Mackuľak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Tichý
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Birošová
- Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Matlou DP, Bissong MEA, Tchatchouang CDK, Adem MR, Foka FET, Kumar A, Ateba CN. Virulence profiles of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from surface and ground water utilized by humans in the North West Province, South Africa: a public health perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:15105-15114. [PMID: 30924038 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have been responsible for numerous outbreaks of serious infections in humans worldwide. Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis are the principal species that are frequently associated with vancomycin resistance determinants, thus usually implicated in hospital- and community-acquired infections in humans. The study aim was to determine the antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of VREs isolated from surface and groundwater samples that are used by humans in the North West Province, South Africa. A total of 170 water samples were collected and analyzed. Eighty-one potential isolates were screened for characteristics of Enterococcus species using preliminary biochemical tests, PCR assays and sequence analysis. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates against nine antibiotics were determined and a dendrogram was generated to access the relatedness of the isolates. The isolates were screened for the presence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes by multiplex PCR analysis. A total of 56 isolates were confirmed as Enterococcus species and the proportion of E. faecium (46.9%) was higher than E. faecalis (29%) and E. saccharolyticus (1.2%). Sequence data of E. faecium, E. faecalis, and E. saccharolyticus isolates revealed 97 to 98% similarities to clinical strains deposited in NCBI Genbank. Large proportions (44; 78.6%) of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin while 16 and 3.6% of the isolates possessed the vanA and vanB genes respectively. The MAR phenotype Vancomycin-Nalidixic Acid-Streptomycin-Chloramphenicol-Ampicillin-Oxytetracycline-Gentamycin-Nitrofurantoin-Sulphamethoxazole indicated that some isolates were resistant to all of the nine antibiotics tested. Cluster analysis of antibiotic resistance data revealed two major clusters. Sixteen (36.4%), 14 (27.3%), 3 (6.8%), and 2 (4.5%) of the VRE isolates possessed the gel, asa1, hyl, and esp virulence genes respectively while the cylA gene was not detected in the study. Multiple antibiotic-resistant enterococci were also resistant to vancomycin and possessed virulence determinants indicating that they can pose severe public health complications on individuals who consume contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pheeha Matlou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Marie Ebob AgborTabot Bissong
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Christ-Donald Kaptchouang Tchatchouang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Mohomud Rashid Adem
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Frank Eric Tatsing Foka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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Birkegård AC, Græsbøll K, Clasen J, Halasa T, Toft N, Folkesson A. Continuing occurrence of vancomycin resistance determinants in Danish pig farms 20 years after removing exposure to avoparcin. Vet Microbiol 2019; 232:84-88. [PMID: 31030850 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. is a major health problem worldwide and livestock have been implicated in constituting a reservoir for the transmission of vancomycin resistance to zoonotic pathogens. Vancomycin resistance determinants can be situated on mobile genetic elements and transferred between bacterial species The livestock reservoir must therefore be included in a risk assessment of the vancomycin resistance burden. Avoparcin, a vancomycin analogue, has not been used in Danish pig production for over 20 years and vancomycin has never been used. The objective of this study was to screen faecal samples from Danish pig farms for nine selected vancomycin resistance determinants. We found at least four different vancomycin resistance determinants in all screened Danish pig farms (665 finisher farms and 78 sow farms). The vancomycin resistance determinants present in vanB or vanG clusters were found at significantly different levels in sow and finisher farms. However, vanA was not detected in any of the farms. In conclusion, vancomycin resistance determinants are still present in Danish pig production 25 years after the ban on avoparcin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Camilla Birkegård
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Asmussens Allé Building 303B, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kaare Græsbøll
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Asmussens Allé Building 303B, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Julie Clasen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Kemitorvet Building 204, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tariq Halasa
- Technical University of Denmark, National Veterinary Institute, Kemitorvet Building 204, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nils Toft
- Technical University of Denmark, National Veterinary Institute, Kemitorvet Building 204, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Folkesson
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Kemitorvet Building 204, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Abstract
The genus Enterococcus comprises a ubiquitous group of Gram-positive bacteria that are of great relevance to human health for their role as major causative agents of health care-associated infections. The enterococci are resilient and versatile species able to survive under harsh conditions, making them well adapted to the health care environment. Two species cause the majority of enterococcal infections: Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Both species demonstrate intrinsic resistance to common antibiotics, such as virtually all cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, clindamycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Additionally, a remarkably plastic genome allows these two species to readily acquire resistance to further antibiotics, such as high-level aminoglycoside resistance, high-level ampicillin resistance, and vancomycin resistance, either through mutation or by horizontal transfer of genetic elements conferring resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica García-Solache
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Louis B Rice
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Sukumaran V, Cosh J, Thammavong A, Kennedy K, Ong CW. Vancomycin dependent Enterococcus: an unusual mutant? Pathology 2019; 51:318-320. [PMID: 30846227 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vichitra Sukumaran
- Department of Microbiology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Jacqueline Cosh
- Department of Microbiology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Aline Thammavong
- Department of Microbiology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Karina Kennedy
- Department of Microbiology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Chong Wei Ong
- Department of Microbiology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Shao M, Ma J, Li Q, Ju J. Identification of the Anti-Infective Aborycin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster from Deep-Sea-Derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO ZS0098 Enables Production in a Heterologous Host. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020127. [PMID: 30795576 PMCID: PMC6409603 DOI: 10.3390/md17020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aborycin is a ribosomally synthesized member of the type I lasso peptide natural products. In the present study, aborycin was isolated and identified from the deep-sea-derived microbe Streptomyces sp. SCSIO ZS0098. The aborycin biosynthetic gene cluster (abo) was identified on the basis of genome sequence analyses and then heterologously expressed in Streptomyces coelicolor M1152 to effectively produce aborycin. Aborycin generated in this fashion exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against 13 Staphylococcus aureus strains from various sources with minimum inhibitory concentrations MICs = 8.0~128 µg/mL, against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 with an MIC = 8.0 µg/mL, and against Bacillus thuringiensis with MIC = 2.0 µg/mL. Additionally, aborycin displayed potent antibacterial activity (MIC = 0.5 µg/mL) against the poultry pathogen Enterococcus gallinarum 5F52C. The reported abo cluster clearly has the potential to provide a means of expanding the repertoire of anti-infective type I lasso peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 110039, China.
| | - Juying Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 110039, China.
| | - Qinglian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 110039, China.
| | - Jianhua Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 110039, China.
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Bighiu MA, Norman Haldén A, Goedkoop W, Ottoson J. Assessing microbial contamination and antibiotic resistant bacteria using zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). Sci Total Environ 2019; 650:2141-2149. [PMID: 30290355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic pollution with faecal bacteria and subsequent consumption of contaminated water or food is a worldwide issue that causes severe health effects (e.g. meningitis, salmonellosis, dysentery). In addition, the excessive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry and human medicine has enhanced the selective pressure on pathogenic bacteria, further increasing human health risks and detrimental effects on natural microbial communities. This urges the need to monitor faecal contamination using a time-integrated approach, as grab water samples can miss pathogen peaks. We tested the ability of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) to take up and depurate faecal indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci. Furthermore, we quantified the frequency of antibiotic resistant bacteria in water and mussels both in controlled laboratory tests and under in situ conditions downstream of a sewage treatment plant (STP). Laboratory results show that bacterial indicators in mussels were 132 times higher than their concentration in water, and that mussels retained bacteria up to 2 days after pulse exposure. Field results show decreasing bacterial concentrations in both water and mussels downstream the STP, with maximum E. coli concentrations ranging 173-9 cfu mL-1 in water and 2970-330 cfu g-1 in mussels. Similarly, enterococci ranged 59-4 cfu mL-1 and 1450-240 cfu g-1 in water and mussels, respectively. High proportions of antibiotic resistant E. coli were found in mussels (72%) and water (65%), and slightly lower proportion of resistant enterococci was found in mussels (47%) and in water (34%). Moreover, 33% of the bacteria isolated from mussels were resistant to multiple antibiotics, which emphasizes that resistance is a common feature in surface waters and highlights the need for safe water management. Our results show that zebra mussels provide an efficient, time-integrating tool for quantifying faecal indicators, including resistant and multidrug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alexandra Bighiu
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden.
| | - Anna Norman Haldén
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, SLU, Sweden
| | - Willem Goedkoop
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
| | - Jakob Ottoson
- Department of Risk Benefit Assessment, National Food Agency, Sweden
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Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Zadernowska A, Zarzecka U, Zakrzewski A, Gajewska J. Enterococci from ready-to-eat food - horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes and genotypic characterization by PCR melting profile. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:1172-1179. [PMID: 30047163 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of the horizontal transfer of genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides (aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, aph(2″)-Ib, aph(2″)-Ic, aph(2″)-Id, ant(4')-Ia and ant(6')-Ia), tetracyclines (tetM, tetL, tetK, tetO and tetW), and macrolides (ermA, ermB, ermC, msrC, mefAB) in Enterococcus strains isolated from ready-to-eat dishes purchased in bars and restaurants in Olsztyn, Poland. RESULTS It was found that 74% of tested strains were able to conjugal transfer at least one of the antibiotic resistance genes. Transfer of resistance to tetracyclines in strains was observed with a frequency ranging from 1.3 × 10-6 to 8.7 × 10-7 transconjugants/donor. The int gene and the tetM gene were transferred simultaneously, which indicated that a transposon of the Tn916/Tn1545 also participated in the conjugation process. The frequency of transferring genes of resistance to macrolides ranged from 3.2 × 10-6 to 2.4 × 10-8 transconjugants/donor. The ermB gene was transferred the most frequently. The frequency of acquisition of genes encoding aminoglycosides in strains isolated from food ranged from 1.7 × 10-6 to 3,2 × 10-8 transconjugants/donor. Transfer of the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″) gene was the most frequent. In all reactions, the clonal character of transconjugants and recipients was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction melting profile (PCR MP) method, which is an alternative to the pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that Enterococcus isolated from ready-to-eat food is able to horizontally transfer genes encoding various antibiotic resistance mechanisms. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Chajęcka-Wierzchowska
- Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Zadernowska
- Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Urszula Zarzecka
- Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Zakrzewski
- Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Gajewska
- Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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42
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Benabbou TA, Karam HZ, Karam NE. Effect Oral Administration Ampicillin on the Ecological Balance of rat Enterococcal gut Microbiota. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:329-337. [PMID: 30689004 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this work is to investigate the impact of oral administration of ampicillin on the ecological balance of enterococci in the intestinal microbiota of rats during a treatment and a post-treatment. The results have showed that the treated animals excreted significantly higher percentages of resistant enterococci compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05) during the treatment and after the treatment. The most predominant species selected after the treatment began were Enterococcus faecium. The MICs for ampicillin for all isolates of E. faecium were 32 to 64 µg/mL, with the exception of two strains (TR1LBMB, TR5LBMB), were found to be highly resistant (MICs ≥ 128 µg/mL). Quantification of ampicillin in faeces by the RT-HPLC showed that the significant increase in the number of ampicillin-resistant enterococci was associated with the gradual accumulation of high levels of unabsorbed ampicillin in the faeces. Our results suggest that ampicillin treatment can now be understood as a side effect contributing to the increase in the number of resistant Enterococcus strains, particularly E. faecium strains, recognized as important nosocomial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Ahmed Benabbou
- Laboratory of microorganisms biology and biotechnology, University of Oran1 Ahmed Benbella, B.P. 16, Es-Sénia, 31100, Oran, Algeria.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature Science and Life, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Hay Salem, National road N° 19, 02000, Chlef, Algeria.
| | - Halima Zadi Karam
- Laboratory of microorganisms biology and biotechnology, University of Oran1 Ahmed Benbella, B.P. 16, Es-Sénia, 31100, Oran, Algeria
| | - Nour-Eddine Karam
- Laboratory of microorganisms biology and biotechnology, University of Oran1 Ahmed Benbella, B.P. 16, Es-Sénia, 31100, Oran, Algeria
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Maekawa T, Fukaya R, Takamatsu S, Itoyama S, Fukuoka T, Yamada M, Hata T, Nagaoka S, Kawamoto K, Eguchi H, Murata K, Kumada T, Ito T, Tanemura M, Fujimoto K, Tomita Y, Tobe T, Kamada Y, Miyoshi E. Possible involvement of Enterococcus infection in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis and cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:962-969. [PMID: 30401562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(Aim) Bacterial infection underlies the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including acute and chronic inflammation. Here, we investigated a possible role for bacterial infection in the progression of chronic pancreatitis. (Materials and Methods) Pancreatic juice was obtained from patients with pancreatic cancer (n = 20) or duodenal cancer/bile duct cancer (n = 16) and subjected to PCR using universal primers for the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Bacterial species were identified by PCR using bile samples from four pancreatic cancer patients. PCR products were subcloned into T-vectors, and the sequences were then analyzed. Immunohistochemical and serologic analyses for Enterococcus faecalis infection were performed on a large cohort of healthy volunteers and patients with chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer and on mice with caerulein-induced chronic pancreatitis. The effect of E. faecalis antigens on cytokine secretion by pancreatic cancer cells was also investigated. (Results) We found that 29 of 36 pancreatic juice samples were positive for bacterial DNA. Enterococcus and Enterobacter species were detected primarily in bile, which is thought to be a pathway for bacterial infection of the pancreas. Enterococcus faecalis was also detected in pancreatic tissue from chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer patients; antibodies to E. faecalis capsular polysaccharide were elevated in serum from chronic pancreatitis patients. Enterococcus-specific antibodies and pancreatic tissue-associated E. faecalis were detected in mice with caerulein-induced chronic pancreatitis. Addition of Enterococcus lipoteichoic acid and heat-killed bacteria induced expression of pro-fibrotic cytokines by pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. (Conclusion) Infection with E. faecalis may be involved in chronic pancreatitis progression, ultimately leading to development of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Maekawa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Risako Fukaya
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saki Itoyama
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Fukuoka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Tomoki Hata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Murata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kansai-Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiko Tomita
- Department of Pathology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toru Tobe
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Chhetri RK, Klupsch E, Andersen HR, Jensen PE. Treatment of Arctic wastewater by chemical coagulation, UV and peracetic acid disinfection. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:32851-32859. [PMID: 28210951 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatment is challenging in the Arctic region due to the cold climate and scattered population. Thus, no wastewater treatment plant exists in Greenland, and raw wastewater is discharged directly to nearby waterbodies without treatment. We investigated the efficiency of physicochemical wastewater treatment, in Kangerlussuaq, Greenland. Raw wastewater from Kangerlussuaq was treated by chemical coagulation and UV disinfection. By applying 7.5 mg Al/L polyaluminium chloride (PAX XL100), 73% of turbidity and 28% phosphate was removed from raw wastewater. E. coli and Enterococcus were removed by 4 and 2.5 log, respectively, when UV irradiation of 0.70 kWh/m3 was applied to coagulated wastewater. Furthermore, coagulated raw wastewater in Denmark, which has a chemical quality similar to Greenlandic wastewater, was disinfected by peracetic acid or UV irradiation. Removal of heterotrophic bacteria by applying 6 and 12 mg/L peracetic acid was 2.8 and 3.1 log, respectively. Similarly, removal of heterotrophic bacteria by applying 0.21 and 2.10 kWh/m3 for UV irradiation was 2.1 and greater than 4 log, respectively. Physicochemical treatment of raw wastewater followed by UV irradiation and/or peracetic acid disinfection showed the potential for treatment of arctic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Chhetri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ewa Klupsch
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Brovej, Building 118, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Rasmus Andersen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Erland Jensen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Brovej, Building 118, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Miskiewicz A, Ceranowicz P, Szymczak M, Bartuś K, Kowalczyk P. The Use of Liquids Ionic Fluids as Pharmaceutically Active Substances Helpful in Combating Nosocomial Infections Induced by Klebsiella Pneumoniae New Delhi Strain, Acinetobacter Baumannii and Enterococcus Species. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2779. [PMID: 30223584 PMCID: PMC6163946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review deals with various microbiological activities of ionic liquids, which constitute the first anti-infective defense against multi-drug-resistant bacteria-with a particular emphasis placed on medicine and pharmacology. The quoted data on the biological activity of ionic liquids including their antimicrobial properties (depending on the type of a cation or an anion) and are discussed in view of possible applications in nosocomial infections. Dedicated attention is given to finding infections with the Klebsiella pneumoniae New Delhi strain, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterococcus species, which are responsible for the induction of antibiotic resistance in intensive care units. Diagnosis and treatment using current antibiotics is a significant problem in hospital care, and the relevant burden on the health systems of the European Union member states induces the search for new, effective methods of treatment. Ionic liquids, due to their antibacterial effect, can be considered topical and general medications and may provide the basis for treatment to eliminate the antibiotic resistance phenomenon in the future. At present, the number of infections with resistant pathogens in hospitals and outpatient clinics in the European Union is growing. In 2015⁻2017, a significant incidence of respiratory and bloodstream infections with bacteria resistant to antibiotics from the 3rd generation group of cephalosporins, glycopeptides, and carbapenems were observed. The paper presents examples of synthesized bifunctional salts with at least one pharmaceutically active ion in obtaining a controlled release, controlled delivery, and biological impact on the pathogenic bacteria, viruses and fungi. The ionic liquids obtained in the presented way may find applications in the treatment of wounds and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Miskiewicz
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 18 Miodowa St., 00-246 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Szymczak
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St., 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Bartuś
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, JP II Hospital, 80 Prądnicka St., 31-202 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
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Kengen R, Thoonen E, Daveson K, Loong B, Rodgers H, Beckingham W, Kennedy K, Suwandarathne R, van Haren F. Chlorhexidine washing in intensive care does not reduce bloodstream infections, blood culture contamination and drug-resistant microorganism acquisition: an interrupted time series analysis. CRIT CARE RESUSC 2018; 20:231-240. [PMID: 30153786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care-associated infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care patients. The effect of daily washing with chlorhexidine on these infections is controversial. METHODS Single-centre, retrospective, open-label, sequential period, interrupted time series (ITS) analysis in a 31-bed tertiary referral mixed intensive care unit (ICU), comparing daily washing with water and soap (from January 2011 to August 2013) with chlorhexidine washing (from November 2013 to December 2015), after the introduction of a unit-level policy of chlorhexidine washing. All patients in the ICU were included in the study, except: if they were under 18 years of age, if their ICU stay was less than 24 hours (to ensure that all studied patients had at least one exposure to the daily wash intervention), or if patients had a known allergy to chlorhexidine. Outcome measures included: clinically significant positive blood cultures attributable to the ICU stay; contaminated blood cultures; newly acquired multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO) such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) or multidrug-resistant gram-negative (MRGN) isolates attributable to ICU from clinical and screening cultures; and newly acquired Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs). Incidence rates of these outcomes were calculated per 1000 patient days. MDRO acquisition rates were corrected for background hospital period prevalence rates of MDRO. RESULTS A total of 6634 patients were included in the study. ITS analysis showed no significant level or slope changes in any of the outcome measures after implementation of chlorhexidine washing. The incidence rate of clinically significant positive blood cultures during the chlorhexidine period compared with the water and soap period was 3.6 v 4.7 (P =0.37); blood culture contamination rates were 11.8 v 9.5 (P =0.56); incidence rates of new ICU-associated MDRO acquisitions were 3.22 v 3.69 (P =0.27); incidence rates of new CDI were 2.01 v 0.79 (P =0.16). Outcomes after adjustment for known and potential confounders were similar. CONCLUSIONS In this real-world, long term ICU study, implementation of a unit-level policy of daily washing with chlorhexidine impregnated cloths was not associated with a reduction in the rates of ICU-associated clinically significant positive blood cultures, blood culture contamination, newly acquired MDRO isolates, and CDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Kengen
- Intensive Care Unit, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia.
| | - Elcke Thoonen
- Intensive Care Unit, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia
| | - Kathryn Daveson
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Loong
- Research School of Finance, Actuarial Studies and Applied Statistics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Helen Rodgers
- Intensive Care Unit, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia
| | - Wendy Beckingham
- Infection Prevention and Control, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia
| | - Karina Kennedy
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Frank van Haren
- Intensive Care Unit, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia
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AbdelKhalek A, Abutaleb NS, Elmagarmid KA, Seleem MN. Repurposing auranofin as an intestinal decolonizing agent for vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8353. [PMID: 29844350 PMCID: PMC5974018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant enterococcal pathogens, especially vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), are among the pathogens that require new antibiotic innovation. The colonization of the gut represents a major pathway by which VRE can cause infection and spread to other patients. In the current study, auranofin (FDA-approved rheumatoid arthritis drug) is evaluated for its potential use as a decolonizing agent for VRE. Auranofin was found to exert potent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of enterococcal clinical isolates with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 μg/mL. No resistant mutants could be developed against auranofin over the course of 14 passages. Auranofin was also found to exert potent anti-biofilm activity against VRE. Auranofin was superior to linezolid, the drug of choice for VRE infection treatment, in the in vivo mouse model. Auranofin significantly reduced the VRE burden in feces, cecum, and ileum contents after 8 days of treatment. Accordingly, this study provides valuable evidence that auranofin has significant promise as a novel gastrointestinal decolonizing agent for VRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed AbdelKhalek
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Khalifa A Elmagarmid
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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48
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Yan Q, Karau MJ, Patel R. In vitro activity of oritavancin against planktonic and biofilm states of vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 91:348-350. [PMID: 29678300 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We tested the in vitro activity of oritavancin against 60 vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (VSE) and 27 vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). The oritavancin MIC ranged from ≤0.002 to 0.5μg/mL; the minimum biofilm bactericidal concentration ranged from ≤0.002 to 2μg/mL. Oritavancin has promising in vitro activity against VSE and VRE in both planktonic and biofilm states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Melissa J Karau
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Freitas ADARD, Faria AR, Pinto TDCA, Merquior VLC, Neves DM, Costa RDCD, Teixeira LM. Distribution of species and antimicrobial resistance among enterococci isolated from the fecal microbiota of captive blue-fronted parrot (Amazona aestiva) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Total Environ 2018; 615:1428-1437. [PMID: 29055593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcal strains recovered from fecal samples of captive blue-fronted parrots (Amazona aestiva) assisted at two wild animal screening centers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were identified as Enterococcus hirae (the predominant species; 75.3%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (17.3%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (4.8%), Enterococcus gallinarum (1.7%), and Enterococcus hermanniensis (0.9%). All strains were susceptible to linezolid and teicoplanin. Rates of nonsusceptibility (including resistant and intermediate categories) to other 16 antimicrobials tested varied from 69.3% to 0.4%, A considerable proportion (48.0%) of the strains was multidrug-resistant and diverse genetic determinants associated with antimicrobial resistance were identified. Tetracycline-resistant strains carried the tet(M) and/or tet(L) genes. Macrolides resistance was associated with the erm(B), erm(A) and mefA genes, while 43.2% of the isolates were negative for the investigated genes. High-level resistance to gentamicin associated with the aac(6')-le-aph(2″)-la gene was detected in one E. faecalis strain. The two strains presenting high-level resistance to streptomycin were negative for the ant(6')-Ia, ant(3')-Ia, ant(9')-Ia and ant(9')-Ib genes. The vat(D) gene was found in all the 47 quinupristin/dalfopristin resistant strains identified as non-E. faecalis. Analysis of PFGE profiles of E. hirae strains after restriction with SmaI demonstrated the occurrence of five clonal groups. The predominant E. hirae clone was distributed among birds in the two institutions, suggesting that this clone was well adapted to the host and environments investigated. The four clonal groups identified among E. faecalis were composed by small numbers of strains and, generally, restricted to birds in the same sector. The occurrence of enterococcal strains exhibiting antimicrobial resistance traits and carrying genetic determinants that represent potential threats to the health of both humans and animals, in the intestinal microbiota of A. aestiva, highlights the need for additional monitoring studies to elucidate the population structure and the dynamics of transmission of these microorganisms among animals, humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Rocha Faria
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia Lúcia Carreira Merquior
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Marchesi Neves
- Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do Rio de Janeiro (CETAS-RJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia Martins Teixeira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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50
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Giebułtowicz J, Tyski S, Wolinowska R, Grzybowska W, Zaręba T, Drobniewska A, Wroczyński P, Nałęcz-Jawecki G. Occurrence of antimicrobial agents, drug-resistant bacteria, and genes in the sewage-impacted Vistula River (Poland). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:5788-5807. [PMID: 29235021 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents (antimicrobials) are a group of therapeutic and hygienic agents that either kill microorganisms or inhibit their growth. Their occurrence in surface water may reveal harmful effects on aquatic biota and challenge microbial populations. Recently, there is a growing concern over the contamination of surface water with both antimicrobial agents and multidrug-resistant bacteria. The aim of the study was the determination of the presence of selected antimicrobials at specific locations of the Vistula River (Poland), as well as in tap water samples originating from the Warsaw region. Analysis was performed using the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method. In addition, the occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria and resistance genes was determined using standard procedures. This 2-year study is the first investigation of the simultaneous presence of antimicrobial agents, drug-resistant bacteria, and genes in Polish surface water. In Poland, relatively high concentrations of macrolides are observed in both surface and tap water. Simultaneous to the high macrolide levels in the environment, the presence of the erm B gene, coding the resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin, was detected in almost all sampling sites. Another ubiquitous gene was int1, an element of the 5'-conserved segment of class 1 integrons that encode site-specific integrase. Also, resistant isolates of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis and Gram-negative bacteria were recovered. Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolates of Gram-negative and Enterococcus were also detected. The results show that wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are the main source of most antimicrobials, resistant bacteria, and genes in the aquatic environment, probably due to partial purification during wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Giebułtowicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stefan Tyski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02097, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chelmska Street, 00725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Wolinowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Grzybowska
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chelmska Street, 00725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zaręba
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chelmska Street, 00725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Drobniewska
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Wroczyński
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02097, Warsaw, Poland
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