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Contardi M, Heredia-Guerrero JA, Guzman-Puyol S, Summa M, Benítez JJ, Goldoni L, Caputo G, Cusimano G, Picone P, Di Carlo M, Bertorelli R, Athanassiou A, Bayer IS. Combining dietary phenolic antioxidants with polyvinylpyrrolidone: transparent biopolymer films based on p-coumaric acid for controlled release. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1384-1396. [PMID: 32255009 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03017k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has probably been one of the most utilized pharmaceutical polymers with applications ranging from a blood plasma substitute to nanoparticle drug delivery, since its synthesis in 1939. It is a highly biocompatible, non-toxic and transparent film forming polymer. Although high solubility of PVP in aqueous environment is advantageous, it still poses several problems for some applications in which sustained targeting and release are needed or hydrophobic drug inclusion and delivery systems are to be designed. In this study, we demonstrate that a common dietary phenolic antioxidant, p-coumaric acid (PCA), can be combined with PVP covering a wide range of molar ratios by solution blending in ethanol, forming new transparent biomaterial films with antiseptic and antioxidant properties. PCA not only acts as an effective natural plasticizer but also establishes H-bonds with PVP increasing its resistance to water dissolution. PCA could be released in a sustained manner up to a period of 3 days depending on the PVP/PCA molar ratio. Sustained drug delivery potential of the films was studied using methylene blue and carminic acid as model drugs, indicating that the release can be controlled. Antioxidant and remodeling properties of the films were evaluated in vitro by free radical cation scavenging assay and in vivo on a murine model, respectively. Furthermore, the material resorption of films was slower as PCA concentration increased, as observed from the in vivo full-thickness excision model. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the films against common pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the effective reduction of inflammatory agents such as matrix metallopeptidases were demonstrated. All these properties suggest that these new transparent PVP/PCA films can find a plethora of applications in pharmaceutical sciences including skin and wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Contardi
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, Genova 16163, Italy.
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Exploring the efficacy and safety of topical Jaungo application in patients with atopic dermatitis: A pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Complement Ther Med 2018; 40:22-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bairagi U, Mittal P, Singh J, Mishra B. Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of nano formulations of ferulic acid in diabetic wound healing. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1783-1796. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1496448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjawal Bairagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Juhi Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Brahmeshwar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Ali M, Abdel Motaal A, Ahmed MA, Alsayari A, El-Gazayerly ON. An in vivo study of Hypericum perforatum in a niosomal topical drug delivery system. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:417-425. [PMID: 29382233 PMCID: PMC6058565 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1431977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The active compounds present in Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) include hyperforin, hypericins and flavonoids, which are assumed to be responsible for the activity of the extract in the treatment of wounds and scars. The present study aimed to incorporate H. perforatum extract standardized to a known content of phloroglucinols, naphthodianthrones and polyphenolic compounds into an effective transdermal drug delivery system capable of entrapping both lipophilic and hydrophilic constituents in the form of niosomal gels for wound treatment. An 80% ethanol extract (HE) was prepared on a pilot scale using DIG-MAZ. An HPLC-DAD holistic profile was established for HE and was standardized to contain 3.4 ± 4 rutin, 1.1 ± 3 chlorogenic acid, 0.5 ± 2 quercitrin, 2.8 ± 2 hyperforin, and 0.51 ± 3% w/w total hypericins. Niosomes were prepared using the modified reverse phase evaporation technique (REV). The wound healing effect of the gel was tested on 16 adult mongrel dogs. A significant decrease in the inflammatory cell count (18.4 ± 5.3) was recorded in the niosomal gel 1.5% NaCMC-treated group at the 7th day post wounding. It induced a marked regression in the inflammatory phase and enhanced the early beginning of the proliferative phase of wound healing. After 21 days, it showed complete re-epithelization, formation of new matrix fibers and significant reduction in the wound size, compared to the control and the Panthenol® 2% cream treated groups. This is the first study of H. perforatum in a niosomal topical drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali
- a Department of Research and Development , Atos Pharma , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Amira Abdel Motaal
- b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.,c Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , King Khaled University , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Ahmed
- d Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- c Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , King Khaled University , Abha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaima N El-Gazayerly
- d Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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Evidence-Based Interventions for Diabetic Heel Ulcers. TOP CLIN NUTR 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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56
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New insights into the ameliorative effects of ferulic acid in pathophysiological conditions. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 103:41-55. [PMID: 28237775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid, a natural phytochemical has gained importance as a potential therapeutic agent by virtue of its easy commercial availability, low cost and minimal side-effects. It is a derivative of curcumin and possesses the necessary pharmacokinetic properties to be retained in the general circulation for several hours. The therapeutic effects of ferulic acid are mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It exhibits different biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective actions, etc. The current review addresses its therapeutic effects under different pathophysiological conditions (eg. cancer, cardiomyopathy, skin disorders, brain disorders, viral infections, diabetes etc.).
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Sadar SS, Vyawahare NS, Bodhankar SL. Ferulic acid ameliorates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis through modulation of cytokines, oxidative stress, iNOs, COX-2, and apoptosis in laboratory rats. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:482-499. [PMID: 27822176 PMCID: PMC5083962 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic immune-inflammatory disorder characterized by oxido-nitrosative stress, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis. Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic compound is considered to possess potent antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim is to evaluate possible mechanism of action of FA against trinitrobenzensulfonic acid (TNBS) induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. UC was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200 g) by intrarectal administration of TNBS (100 mg/kg). FA was administered (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days after colitis was induced. Various biochemical, molecular and histological changes were assessed in the colon. Intrarectal administration of TNBS caused significant induction of ulcer in the colon with an elevation of oxido-nitrosative stress, myeloperoxidase and hydroxyproline activity in the colon. Administration of FA (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly decrease oxido-nitrosative stress, myeloperoxidase, and hydroxyproline activities. Up-regulated mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOs, as well as down-regulated IL-10 mRNA expressions after TNBS administration, were significantly inhibited by FA (20 and 40 mg/kg) treatment. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that intrarectal administration of TNBS-induced significantly enhanced the colonic apoptosis whereas administration of FA (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly restored the elevated apoptosis. FA administration also significantly restored the histopathological aberration induced by TNBS. The findings of the present study demonstrated that FA ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis via inhibition of oxido-nitrosative stress, apoptosis, proinflammatory cytokines production, and down- regulation of COX-2 synthesis.Graphical Abstract: TNBS caused activation of T cells which interact with CD40 on antigen presenting cells i.e. dendritic cells (DC) that induce the key Interleukin 12 (IL-12)-mediated Th1 T cell immune inflammatory response. It releases interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which in turn induces macrophages (MAC) to produce TNF-α and other pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6). This inflammatory influx resulted in induction of ulcerative colitis (UC). Administration of FA may inhibit this IFN-γ induced inflammatory cascade via a decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines to ameliorate TNBS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smeeta S Sadar
- Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune Maharashtra, 411044, India
| | - Niraj S Vyawahare
- Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune Maharashtra, 411044, India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
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The Efficacy and Safety of Jaungo, a Traditional Medicinal Ointment, in Preventing Radiation Dermatitis in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Prospective, Single-Blinded, Randomized Pilot Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9481413. [PMID: 27066103 PMCID: PMC4811089 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9481413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jaungo in preventing radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer. Methods. Thirty patients were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to receive Jaungo or general supportive skin care. Radiation dermatitis and pain were examined at daily intervals from the start of radiotherapy until 4 weeks after its completion. The primary endpoint of this study was the incidence of radiation dermatitis. The secondary endpoints were time to onset of radiation dermatitis, duration of radiation dermatitis, and maximum pain score. Results. Jaungo reduced the incidence of grade ≥2 (46.7% versus 78.6%) and grade 3 radiation dermatitis (20.0% versus 50.0%) in comparison with general supportive skin care. Jaungo also delayed the onset of grade 2 dermatitis (35 days versus 30 days). In terms of time to onset of grade 3 dermatitis, duration of dermatitis, and maximum pain score, Jaungo showed results comparable to those achieved with general supportive skin care. No patients experienced adverse effects caused by Jaungo administration. Conclusions. Jaungo minimized radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer without causing adverse effects. Further randomized studies with a larger sample size are required to assess clinical use of Jaungo.
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Tyszka-Czochara M, Paśko P, Reczyński W, Szlósarczyk M, Bystrowska B, Opoka W. Zinc and propolis reduces cytotoxicity and proliferation in skin fibroblast cell culture: total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of propolis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:123-31. [PMID: 24913100 PMCID: PMC4065375 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that zinc exerts its beneficial influence on skin fibroblasts. Propolis, a complex mixture of plant-derived and bees' products, was reported to stimulate cicatrization processes in skin and prevent infections. The aim of this study was to find out how zinc and propolis influence human skin fibroblasts in cell culture and to compare the effect of individual compounds to the effect of a mixture of zinc and propolis. In this study, zinc, as zinc aspartate, at a concentration of 16 μM, increased human fibroblasts proliferation in cell culture, whereas propolis at a concentration of 0.01% (w/v) revealed antiproliferative and cytotoxic action followed by mild cell necrosis. In culture, zinc was effectively transported into fibroblasts, and propolis inhibited the amount of zinc incorporated into the cells. An addition of propolis to the medium caused a decrease in the Zn(II) amount incorporated into fibroblasts. The obtained results also indicate an appreciable antioxidant property of propolis and revealed its potential as a supplement when applied at doses lower than 0.01% (w/v). In conclusion, the present study showed that zinc had a protective effect on human cultured fibroblasts' viability, although propolis revealed its antiproliferative action and caused mild necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Tyszka-Czochara
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland,
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60
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Li M, Li CZ. High glucose improves healing of periodontal wound by inhibiting proliferation and osteogenetic differentiation of human PDL cells. Int Wound J 2014; 13:39-43. [PMID: 24581427 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play an important role in wound healing of periodontal tissues. Response of PDL cells' cellular activity to high-glucose concentration levels may be the key in understanding the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. We studied the effect of high-glucose medium on proliferation of PDL cells in vitro. PDL cells were cultured for 1, 4, 7, 10, 14 and 17 days in normal (1100 mg/l) glucose or in high (4500 mg/l) glucose medium. The 3-(4,5-dimethylithiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for proliferation was performed. In order to evaluate the osteogenetic differentiation of human PDL cells, the cells were induced with normal- or high-glucose medium for 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The results indicated that high glucose significantly inhibited proliferation of PDL cells. Concerning the mineralised nodule formation, the percentage of calcified area to total culture dish of PDL cells in high glucose level was lower than that in normal glucose medium. The increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen expression could be observed in high-glucose-containing osteogenetic factor. In conclusion, high glucose improves healing of periodontal wound by inhibiting proliferation and differentiation of PDL cells, which could explain for delayed periodontal regeneration and healing in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan, 430079, China.,The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Cheng-Zhang Li
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan, 430079, China.,The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hubei, Wuhan, 430079, China
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61
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Sheng L, Yang M, Liang Y, Li Q. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) transplantation promotes regeneration of expanded skin using a tissue expansion model. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:746-54. [PMID: 23937682 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Sheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | | | - Yimin Liang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
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Chen W, Becker T, Qian F, Ring J. Beer and beer compounds: physiological effects on skin health. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:142-50. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein; Technische Universität München; Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK CARE); Munich Germany
| | - T. Becker
- Brewing and Beverage Technology; Department of Life Science Engineering; Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Freising Germany
| | - F. Qian
- Brewing and Beverage Technology; Department of Life Science Engineering; Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Freising Germany
| | - J. Ring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein; Technische Universität München; Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK CARE); Munich Germany
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Dragostin OM, Lupascu F, Vasile C, Mares M, Nastasa V, Moraru RF, Pieptu D, Profire L. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 2-azetidinones with sulfonamide structures. Molecules 2013; 18:4140-57. [PMID: 23567362 PMCID: PMC6270540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18044140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New series of N-(arylidene)hydrazinoacetyl sulfonamides 4a1–6, 4b1–6 and N-(4-aryl-3-chloro-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl)aminoacetyl sulfonamides 5a1–6, 5b1–6 were synthesized. The structures of the new derivatives was confirmed using spectral methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). The antibacterial activities of these compounds against Gram positive (Staphyloccoccus aureus ATCC 6583, Staphyloccoccus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 25912) and Gram negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae CIP 53153, Proteus vulgaris CIP 104989, Citrobacter freundii CIP 5732, Enterobacter cloacae CIP 103475, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP 82118) bacterial strains were evaluated using the broth micro-dilution method. Compound 4a2 displayed the highest antibacterial activity, especially against Staphyloccoccus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antioxidant potential of the synthesized compounds was also investigated according to ferric reducing power, total antioxidant activity and DPPH radical scavenging assays. All tested compounds showed excellent antioxidant activity in comparison with sulfadiazine and sulfisoxazole which were used as parent sulfonamides. Moreover, some of them showed an antioxidant activity comparable with that of ascorbic acid. In general, the compounds designed based on a sulfadiazine skeleton (compounds 4a1–6, 5a1–6) are more active than those obtained from sulfisoxazole (compounds 4b1–6, 5b1–6), and the N-(arylidene)hydrazinoacetyl sulfonamide derivatives 4a1–6, 4b1–6 are more active than their azetidionone analogues 5a1–6, 5b1–6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Maria Dragostin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, Iasi 700115, Romania; E-Mails: (O.M.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Florentina Lupascu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, Iasi 700115, Romania; E-Mails: (O.M.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Cornelia Vasile
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi 700487, Romania; E-Mail:
| | - Mihai Mares
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ion Ionescu de la Brad University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, Iasi 700489, Romania; E-Mails: (M.M.); (V.N.); (R.F.M.)
| | - Valentin Nastasa
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ion Ionescu de la Brad University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, Iasi 700489, Romania; E-Mails: (M.M.); (V.N.); (R.F.M.)
| | - Ramona Florina Moraru
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ion Ionescu de la Brad University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, Iasi 700489, Romania; E-Mails: (M.M.); (V.N.); (R.F.M.)
| | - Dragos Pieptu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, Iasi 700115, Romania
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (D.P.); (L.P.); Tel.: +40-232-412375 (L.P.); Fax: +40-232-211818 (L.P.)
| | - Lenuta Profire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, Iasi 700115, Romania; E-Mails: (O.M.D.); (F.L.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (D.P.); (L.P.); Tel.: +40-232-412375 (L.P.); Fax: +40-232-211818 (L.P.)
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