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Xu C, Sun X, Jin M, Zhang X. A Novel Benzoquinone Compound Isolated from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Triggers Apoptosis of Tumor Cells. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E200. [PMID: 28672882 PMCID: PMC5532642 DOI: 10.3390/md15070200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are important sources for screening bioactive natural products. However, natural products from deep-sea microbes have not been extensively explored. In this study, the metabolites of bacteriophage GVE2 -infected (Geobacillus sp. E263 virus) thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus sp. E263, which was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, were characterized. A novel quinoid compound, which had anti-tumor activity, was isolated from the phage-challenged thermophile. The chemical structure analysis showed that this novel quinoid compound was 2-amino-6-hydroxy-[1,4]-benzoquinone. The results indicated that 2-amino-6-hydroxy-[1,4]-benzoquinone and its two derivatives could trigger apoptosis of gastric cancer cells and breast cancer cells by inducing the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Therefore, our study highlighted that the metabolites from the phage-challenged deep-sea microbes might be a kind of promising sources for anti-tumor drug discovery, because of the similarity of metabolic disorder between bacteriophage-infected microbes and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xumei Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Min Jin
- College of Life Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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52
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Verma A, Singh D, Anwar F, Bhatt PC, Al-Abbasi F, Kumar V. Triterpenoids principle of Wedelia calendulacea attenuated diethynitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma via down-regulating oxidative stress, inflammation and pathology via NF-kB pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:133-146. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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53
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Feng S, Han M, Zhou L, Wang Q, Li Z, Li Y, Lu H, Liu T, Ma Y, Liu S, Cheng J. NS5ABP37 inhibits liver cancer by impeding lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:12-22. [PMID: 27862769 PMCID: PMC5276832 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. In this study, immunohistochemistry staining results showed that NS5ABP37 protein, which is in a state of lower expression in tumor tissues, decreased with increasing degree of HCC malignancy. Two cell models, HepG2 and L02, were used to analyze the mechanism between NS5ABP37 and HCC. In agreement, NS5ABP37 protein overexpression significantly suppressed cell proliferation, caused G1/S cell cycle arrest, and induced apoptosis by increasing caspase‐3/7 activity and cleaved caspase‐3 levels. In addition, NS5ABP37 overexpression resulted in decreased intracellular triglyceride and total cholesterol contents, with level reduction in sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins (SREBPs) and downstream effectors. Furthermore, NS5ABP37 overexpression decreased SREBP1c and SREBP2 levels by reducing their respective promoters. Finally, reactive oxygen species levels and endoplasmic reticulum stress were both induced by NS5ABP37 overexpression. These findings together indicate that NS5ABP37 inhibits cancer cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis, by altering SREBP‐dependent lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis in HepG2 and L02 cells and inducing oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghu Feng
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Han
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaru Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongping Lu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Ma
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shunai Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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54
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Salimi A, Roudkenar MH, Sadeghi L, Mohseni A, Seydi E, Pirahmadi N, Pourahmad J. Selective Anticancer Activity of Acacetin Against Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Using Both In Vivo and In Vitro Methods: Key Role of Oxidative Stress and Cancerous Mitochondria. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1404-1416. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1235717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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55
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Pan B, Zhong W, Deng Z, Lai C, Chu J, Jiao G, Liu J, Zhou Q. Inhibition of prostate cancer growth by solanine requires the suppression of cell cycle proteins and the activation of ROS/P38 signaling pathway. Cancer Med 2016; 5:3214-3222. [PMID: 27726305 PMCID: PMC5119977 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanine, a naturally steroidal glycoalkaloid in nightshade (Solanum nigrum Linn.), can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. However, the mechanism of solanine-suppressing prostate cancer cell growth remains to be elucidated. This study investigates the inhibition mechanism of solanine on cancer development in vivo and in cultured human prostate cancer cell DU145 in vitro. Results show that solanine injection significantly suppresses the tumor cell growth in xenograft athymic nude mice. Solanine regulates the protein levels of cell cycle proteins, including Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, and P21 in vivo and in vitro. Also, in cultured DU145 cell, solanine significantly inhibits cell growth. Moreover, the administration of NAC, an active oxygen scavenger, markedly reduces solanine-induced cell death. Blockade of P38 MAPK kinase cannot suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS), but can suppress solanine-induced cell apoptosis. Also, inhibition of ROS by NAC inactivates P38 pathway. Taken together, the data suggest that inhibition of prostate cancer growth by solanine may be through blocking the expression of cell cycle proteins and inducing apoptosis via ROS and activation of P38 pathway. These findings indicate an attractive therapeutic potential of solanine for suppression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Zhong
- Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihai Deng
- Department of Urology, Gao Zhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, China
| | - Caiyong Lai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chu
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Genlong Jiao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Qizhao Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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56
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Mondal A, Guria T, Maity TK, Bishayee A. A Novel Tetraenoic Fatty Acid Isolated from Amaranthus spinosus Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Human Liver Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1604. [PMID: 27669220 PMCID: PMC5085637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amaranthus spinosus Linn. (Family: Amaranthaceae) has been shown to be useful in preventing and mitigating adverse pathophysiological conditions and complex diseases. However, only limited information is available on the anticancer potential of this plant. In this study, we examined the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of a novel fatty acid isolated from A. spinosus-(14E,18E,22E,26E)-methyl nonacosa-14,18,22,26 tetraenoate-against HepG2 human liver cancer cells. We used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to determine cell viability, flow cytometry assay for cell cycle analysis, and Western blot analysis to measure protein expression of Cdc2), cyclin B1, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). The MTT assay showed that the fatty acid markedly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dosage-dependent fashion, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 25.52 µmol/L. This antiproliferative result was superior to that of another known fatty acid, linoleic acid (IC50 38.65 µmol/L), but comparable to that of standard anticancer drug doxorubicin (IC50 24.68 µmol/L). The novel fatty acid also induced apoptosis mediated by downregulation of cyclin B1, upregulation of Bax, and downregulation of Bcl-2, resulting in the G₂/M transition arrest. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that a novel fatty acid isolated from A. spinosus exhibits significant antiproliferative activity mediated through the induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells. These encouraging results may facilitate the development of A. spinosus fatty acid for the prevention and intervention of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Durgapur 713 212, West Bengal, India.
| | - Tanmoy Guria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Tapan Kumar Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
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57
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Wang B, Wang J, Zhao XH. In vitroActivities of the Four Structurally Similar Flavonols Weakened by the Prior Thermal and Oxidative Treatments to a Human Colorectal Cancer Line. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 PR China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 PR China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 PR China
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58
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Fan XY, Chen XY, Liu YJ, Zhong HM, Jiang FL, Liu Y. Oxidative stress-mediated intrinsic apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells induced by organic arsenicals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29865. [PMID: 27432798 PMCID: PMC4949440 DOI: 10.1038/srep29865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide has shown the excellent therapeutic efficiency for acute promyelocytic leukemia. Nowadays, more and more research focuses on the design of the arsenic drugs, especially organic arsenicals, and on the mechanism of the inducing cell death. Here we have synthesized some organic arsenicals with Schiff base structure, which showed a better antitumor activity for three different kinds of cancer cell lines, namely HL-60, SGC 7901 and MCF-7. Compound 2a (2-(((4-(oxoarsanyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenol) and 2b (2-methoxy-4-(((4-(oxoarsanyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenol) were chosen for further mechanism study due to their best inhibitory activities for HL-60 cells, of which the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) were 0.77 μM and 0.51 μM, respectively. It was illustrated that 2a or 2b primarily induced the elevation of reactive oxygen species, decrease of glutathione level, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, activation of Caspase-3 and apoptosis, whereas all of the phenomena can be eliminated by the addition of antioxidants. Therefore, we concluded that compound 2a and 2b can induce the oxidative stress-mediated intrinsic apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Both the simplicity of structure with Schiff base group and the better anticancer efficiency demonstrate that organic arsenicals are worthy of further exploration as a class of potent antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xin-You Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Min Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, P. R. China
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59
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Kwan YP, Saito T, Ibrahim D, Al-Hassan FMS, Ein Oon C, Chen Y, Jothy SL, Kanwar JR, Sasidharan S. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptotic induction by Euphorbia hirta in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1223-1236. [PMID: 26154521 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1064451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) has been used as a folk remedy in Southeast Asia for the treatment of various ailments. OBJECTIVE The current study evaluates the cytotoxicity, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptotic induction by E. hirta in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxic activity of methanol extract of whole part of E. hirta was determined by the MTT assay at various concentrations ranging from 1.96 to 250.00 µg/mL in MCF-7 cells. Cell morphology was assessed by light and fluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis and cell-cycle distribution were determined by annexin V staining and flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation, caspase activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were performed using the commercially available kits. To identify the cytotoxic fraction, E. hirta extract was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. RESULTS Euphorbia hirta exhibited significant inhibition of the survival of MCF-7 cells and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values was 25.26 µg/mL at 24 h. Microscopic studies showed that E. hirta-treated cells exhibited marked morphological features characteristic of apoptosis. Euphorbia hirta extract also had an ignorable influence on the LDH leakage and generating intracellular ROS. The flow cytometry study confirmed that E. hirta extract induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Euphorbia hirta also resulted in DNA fragmentation in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, E. hirta treatment resulted in the accumulation of cells at the S and G2/M phases as well as apoptosis. The caspase activity study revealed that E. hirta extract induced apoptosis through the caspase-3-independent pathway by the activation of caspase-2, 6, 8, and 9. Euphorbia hirta hexane fraction, namely HFsub4 fraction, demonstrated highest activity among all the fractions tested with an IC50 value of 10.01 µg/mL at 24 h. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study revealed that E. hirta induced apoptotic cell death and suggests that E. hirta could be used as an apoptosis-inducing anticancer agent for breast cancer treatment with further detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuet Ping Kwan
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Tamio Saito
- b RIKEN-USM Joint Research Unit , RIKEN , Wako , Saitama , Japan
| | - Darah Ibrahim
- c School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | | | - Chern Ein Oon
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- e Faculty of Dentistry , Dental Research & Training Unit, and Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , and
| | - Subramanion L Jothy
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Jagat R Kanwar
- f Faculty of Health, Nanomedicine - Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (LIMBR) , School of Medicine (SoM), Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University , Waurn Ponds , Victoria , Australia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM , Penang , Malaysia
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60
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Lang M, Wang X, Wang H, Dong J, Lan C, Hao J, Huang C, Li X, Yu M, Yang Y, Yang S, Ren H. Arsenic trioxide plus PX-478 achieves effective treatment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 378:87-96. [PMID: 27212442 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been selected as a promising treatment not only in leukemia but also in solid tumors. Previous studies showed that the cytotoxicity of ATO mainly depends on the induction of reactive oxygen species. However, ATO has only achieved a modest effect in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, suggesting that the existing radical scavenging proteins, such as hypoxia inducible factor-1, attenuate the effect. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of combination treatment of ATO plus PX-478 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibitor) and its underlying mechanism. Here, we showed that PX-478 robustly strengthened the anti-growth and pro-apoptosis effect of ATO on Panc-1 and BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Meanwhile, in vivo mouse xenograft models also showed the synergistic effect of ATO plus PX-478 compared with any single agent. Further studies showed that the anti-tumor effect of ATO plus PX-478 was derived from the reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis. We next confirmed that Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 cleared reactive oxygen species by its downstream target, forkhead box O transcription factors, and this effect may justify the strategy of ATO plus PX-478 in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Lang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuchao Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Dong
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chungen Lan
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihui Hao
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chongbiao Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Yu
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Department of Tumor Biology and Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - He Ren
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Majumder R, Banik SP, Khowala S. AkP from mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus is a proteoglycan specific protease with apoptotic effect on HepG2. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:198-207. [PMID: 27180294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Termitomyces clypeatus is an edible mushroom, prized for its therapeutic values and as producer of industrially important enzymes. However, the biomedical efficacies of anticancer proteases have not been reported yet. The present study aimed to purify and characterize a serine protease (AkP) from T. clypeatus for investigating cytotoxic potency on HepG2, Hep3B, and compared the effect on normal hepatic L-02 cells. Purification and biochemical characterization of AkP were evaluated by three stage chromatography, 1D/2D-SDS-PAGE, 1D zymography, far-UV CD spectral analysis, N-terminal sequencing, MALDI-TOF/MS-MS analysis and enzyme kinetics studies. AkP could cleave the growth promoting cell surface proteoglycans of HepG2, corroborated by RP-HPLC analysis. AkP (IC50: 75±1.18nM) mediated anti-proliferative activity solely on HepG2 cells through the induction of apoptosis. Augmentation of apoptosis was attributed to up-regulation of p53 and Bax protein expression succeeded by caspase-3 activation. Serine protease inhibitor phenyl methane sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) inhibited both its proteolytic activity and cytotoxicity on HepG2. These findings demonstrate that AkP could be an effective biomolecule for killing of cancer cells by p53 restoration and surface proteoglycans cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Majumder
- Drug Development Diagnostics & Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India.
| | - Samudra Prosad Banik
- Maulana Azad College, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 8, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road, Kolkata 700013, India.
| | - Suman Khowala
- Drug Development Diagnostics & Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India.
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Chen Z, Zhang H, Yang L, Jiang H, Guo S, Li Y, Tao S. Construction of a metabolomics profile of arsenic trioxide effect in gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:474-81. [PMID: 27044562 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is highly effective for treating acute promyelocytic leukemia. It also holds the promise for treating solid tumors, including gastric carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanism of the effectiveness of ATO to solid tumor is still poorly understood. In this study, we chosed gastric carcinoma as an example and tried to reveal the antitumor mechanism through metabolomics. Gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901 was treated with ATO for 6, 12, and 24 h. The global metabolite profiles were monitored by metabolomics analysis using gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography/MS/MS. A total of 281 certified metabolites were reliably detected. Bioinformatics analysis showed that glycerophospholipid synthesis, one-carbon synthesis, and glutathione synthesis were affected dramatically. Other cellular functions/pathways that had been affected included inflammatory response, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)), and polyamine biosynthesis pathway. The metabolomics data from this study, in combination with previous transcriptomics and proteomics data, could serve as valuable resources for the understanding of the specific antitumor mechanism of ATO treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Chen
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai 200240, China School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hainan Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China Central Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hewei Jiang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shujuan Guo
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shengce Tao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai 200240, China School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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63
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Chang YT, Huang CY, Li KT, Li RN, Liaw CC, Wu SH, Liu JR, Sheu JH, Chang HW. Sinuleptolide inhibits proliferation of oral cancer Ca9-22 cells involving apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 66:147-54. [PMID: 26954095 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sinuleptolide, a soft corals-derived bioactive norditerpenoid, is a marine natural product with a potent anti-inflammatory effect. We evaluate the potential anti-oral cancer effects of sinuleptolide and investigate the possible mechanisms involved. DESIGNS Cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and DNA damage analyses were performed. RESULTS In a cell viability assay, we found that sinuleptolide is dose-responsively antiproliferative against oral gingival cancer Ca9-22 cells but less harmful to normal human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells (P<0.001). In cell cycle analysis, sinuleptolide induced subG1 accumulation at a higher dose and led to G2/M arrest of Ca9-22 cells (P<0.005). Apoptosis was significantly increased in sinuleptolide-treated Ca9-22 cells based on annexin V and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expressions (P<0.05-0.0001). Based on flow cytometer analysis, sinuleptolide also induced the generation of ROS and decreased MMP in a dose-responsive manner (P<0.05-0.0001). DNA damage increased dose-responsively after sinuleptolide treatments (P < 0.001) based on comet and γH2AX assays. CONCLUSION Sinuleptolide can induce an antiproliferation of oral cancer Ca9-22 cells involving apoptosis, oxidative stress and DNA damage, suggesting that sinuleptolide represents a potential chemotherapeutic drug for oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ting Chang
- Doctor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University/Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Yao Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Tzu Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chuang Liaw
- Doctor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University/Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Doctor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University/Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11524, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Ru Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Doctor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University/Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Center for Research Resources and Development of Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Mandal S, Chaudhuri K. Engineered magnetic core shell nanoprobes: Synthesis and applications to cancer imaging and therapeutics. World J Biol Chem 2016; 7:158-167. [PMID: 26981204 PMCID: PMC4768120 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v7.i1.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic core shell nanoparticles are composed of a highly magnetic core material surrounded by a thin shell of desired drug, polymer or metal oxide. These magnetic core shell nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in biomedical research, more specifically in tissue imaging, drug delivery and therapeutics. The present review discusses the up-to-date knowledge on the various procedures for synthesis of magnetic core shell nanoparticles along with their applications in cancer imaging, drug delivery and hyperthermia or cancer therapeutics. Literature in this area shows that magnetic core shell nanoparticle-based imaging, drug targeting and therapy through hyperthermia can potentially be a powerful tool for the advanced diagnosis and treatment of various cancers.
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Morcillo P, Cordero H, Meseguer J, Esteban MÁ, Cuesta A. In vitro immunotoxicological effects of heavy metals on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) head-kidney leucocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:245-254. [PMID: 26363228 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge about the direct effects of heavy metals on fish leucocytes is still limited. We investigate the in vitro effects of heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb or As) on oxidative stress, viability and innate immune parameters of head-kidney leucocytes (HKLs) from European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Production of free oxygen radicals was induced by Cd, Hg and As, mainly after 30 min of exposure. Cd and Hg promoted both apoptosis and necrosis cell death while Pb and As did only apoptosis, in all cases in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, expression of genes related to oxidative stress and apoptosis was significantly induced by Hg and Pb but down-regulated by As. In addition, the expression of the metallothionein A gene was up-regulated by Cd and Pb exposure though this transcript, as well as the heat shock protein 70, was down-regulated by Hg. Cd, methylmercury (MeHg) and As reduced the phagocytic ability, whereas Hg and Pb increased it. Interestingly, all the heavy metals decreased the phagocytic capacity (the number of ingested particles per cell). Leucocyte respiratory burst changed depending on the metal exposure, usually in a time- and dose-manner. Interestingly, the expression of immune-related genes was slightly affected by Cd, MeHg, As or Pb being Hg the form producing the greatest alterations, which included down-regulation of immunoglobulin M and hepcidin, as well as the up-regulation of interleukin-1 beta mRNA levels. This study provides an in vitro approach for elucidating the heavy metals toxicity, and particularly the immunotoxicity, in fish leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Morcillo
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Héctor Cordero
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Meseguer
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Leal AMDS, de Queiroz JDF, de Medeiros SRB, Lima TKDS, Agnez-Lima LF. Violacein induces cell death by triggering mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization in vitro. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:115. [PMID: 26048053 PMCID: PMC4457087 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Violacein is a purple pigment from Chromobacterium violaceum that possesses diverse biological and pharmacological properties. Among these, pro-oxidant and antioxidant activities have been suggested. However, the cytotoxic mechanisms induced by violacein are poorly understood and the improvement in knowledge regarding these cell death mechanisms will be useful to develop new therapeutic approaches. Considering this, in our work, we investigated the pro-oxidant effects of violacein in non-tumor (CHO-K1 and MRC-5) and tumor (HeLa) cell lines, searching for a better understanding of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death induction. Results Cytotoxicity induced by violacein was observed in the three cell lines; however, MRC-5 and HeLa cells were shown to be more sensitive to violacein treatment. Although punctual alterations in the antioxidant apparatus and increase in oxidative stress biomarkers was observed in some violacein concentrations, no association was found between increased oxidative stress and induction of cell death. However, the increase of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed. Conclusions In fact, the increase of mitochondrial membrane potential in MRC-5 and HeLa cells suggests that mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization might be the main cause of cell death triggered by violacein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Maria de Sousa Leal
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Jana Dara Freires de Queiroz
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | | | - Tatjana Keesen de Souza Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, CEP 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Lucymara Fassarella Agnez-Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Yoon SJ, Kwon WS, Rahman MS, Lee JS, Pang MG. A novel approach to identifying physical markers of cryo-damage in bull spermatozoa. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126232. [PMID: 25938413 PMCID: PMC4418755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is an efficient way to store spermatozoa and plays a critical role in the livestock industry as well as in clinical practice. During cryopreservation, cryo-stress causes substantial damage to spermatozoa. In present study, the effects of cryo-stress at various cryopreservation steps, such as dilution / cooling, adding cryoprtectant, and freezing were studied in spermatozoa collected from 9 individual bull testes. The motility (%), motion kinematics, capacitation status, mitochondrial activity, and viability of bovine spermatozoa at each step of the cryopreservation process were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis, Hoechst 33258/chlortetracycline fluorescence, rhodamine 123 staining, and hypo-osmotic swelling test, respectively. The results demonstrate that the cryopreservation steps reduced motility (%), rapid speed (%), and mitochondrial activity, whereas medium/slow speed (%), and the acrosome reaction were increased (P < 0.05). Differences (Δ) of the acrosome reaction were higher in dilution/cooling step (P < 0.05), whereas differences (Δ) of motility, rapid speed, and non-progressive motility were higher in cryoprotectant and freezing as compared to dilution/cooling (P < 0.05). On the other hand, differences (Δ) of mitochondrial activity, viability, and progressive motility were higher in freezing step (P < 0.05) while the difference (Δ) of the acrosome reaction was higher in dilution/cooling (P < 0.05). Based on these results, we propose that freezing / thawing steps are the most critical in cryopreservation and may provide a logical ground of understanding on the cryo-damage. Moreover, these sperm parameters might be used as physical markers of sperm cryo-damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jae Yoon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 456–756, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 456–756, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 456–756, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Sub Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 456–756, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 456–756, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Perturbation of cellular oxidative state induced by dichloroacetate and arsenic trioxide for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2015; 39:719-29. [PMID: 25982179 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rising and the outcome of current therapy, which has not changed significantly in the last 40 years, is suboptimal. Cellular oxidative state is a credible target to selectively eradicate AML cells, because it is a fundamental property of each cell that is sufficiently different between leukemic and normal cells, yet its aberrancy shared among different AML cells. To this end, we tested whether a short-time treatment of AML cells, including cells with FLT3-ITD mutation, with sub-lethal dose of dichloroacetate (DCA) (priming) followed by pharmacologic dose of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in presence of low-dose DCA could produce insurmountable level of oxidative damage that kill AML cells. Using cellular cytotoxicity, apoptotic and metabolic assays with both established AML cell lines and primary AML cells, we found that priming with DCA significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of ATO in AML cells in a synergistic manner. The combination decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as expression of Mcl-1 and GPx in primary AML cells more than either drug alone. One patient with AML whose disease was refractory to several lines of prior treatments was treated with this combination, and tolerated it well. These data suggest that targeting cellular redox balance in leukemia may provide a therapeutic option for AML patients with relapsed/refractory disease.
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Ghosh P, Singha Roy S, Basu A, Bhattacharjee A, Bhattacharya S. Sensitization of cisplatin therapy by a naphthalimide based organoselenium compound through modulation of antioxidant enzymes and p53 mediated apoptosis. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:453-71. [PMID: 25730340 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1012079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The widely used anti-cancer drug cisplatin imparts various toxic manifestations in the host, with nephrotoxicity being the most severe one. The trace element selenium shows antioxidant activity in both human and animals. The present study was designed to assess the chemoprotecting and chemoenhancing efficacy of a naphthalimide based organoselenium compound 2-(5-selenocyanato-pentyl)-benzo[de]isoquinoline 1,3-dione during cisplatin chemotherapy in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Cisplatin (5 mg/kg b.w.) was administered intraperitoneally and the organoselenium compound (3 mg/kg b.w.) was given by oral gavage in concomitant and pretreatment schedule. The effects of the test compound was evaluated by assaying biochemical, hematological, histological, genotoxicity parameters and by investigating induction of apoptosis in tumor cells, and calculating tumor growth response in the host. The organoselenium compound significantly prevented cisplatin induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species, and onset of lipid peroxidation in the kidney tissue of the experimental mice. In addition, the test compound was also substantially restored cisplatin induced depleted activities of the renal antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione level; prevented the serum blood urea nitrogen level, creatinine level, chromosomal aberration, DNA damage, histological alterations of kidney, and normalized the hematological profile of the tumor bearing mice. Furthermore, the organoselenium compound alone or during combination therapy induced apoptosis in tumor cells through mitochondria mediated and DNA damage mediated pathway and ultimately increased the life span of the tumor bearing host. Hence, the results showed that the test compound not only reduced the toxicity of cisplatin but also enhanced its anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ghosh
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute , Kolkata, West Bengal , India
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Sung M, Park SS, Kim SS, Han CK, Hur JM. Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of Schizandra chinensis Baill. Extracts containing active components in alcohol-induced HepG2 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Cao J, Chen Z, Zhu Y, Li Y, Guo C, Gao K, Chen L, Shi X, Zhang X, Yang Z, Wen A. Huangqi-Honghua combination and its main components ameliorate cerebral infarction with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome by antioxidant action in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1053-1060. [PMID: 24960183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Combination of Radix Astragali (Huangqi) and Carthamus tinctorius L. (Honghua) has been extensively used as traditional herb medicine in China for the treatment of stroke and myocardial ischemia diseases with Qi deficiency and blood stasis (QDBS) syndrome. AIM To investigate the effect of Huangqi-Honghua combination (HH) and its main components astragaloside IV (AS-IV) and Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) with QDBS in rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into the following six groups: sham group, QDBS+I/R model group and treatment group including AS-IV, HSYA, AS-IV+HSYA and HH. The whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), neurological examination, infarct volume, histopathology changes and some oxidative stress markers were assessed after 24h of reperfusion. RESULTS HH and its main components AS-IV+HSYA could significantly decrease WBV, PV, and also significantly ameliorate neurological examination and infarct volume after 24h of reperfusion. They also significantly increased expression of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), activities of antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), led to decrease levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). CONCLUSION AS-IV and HSYA are responsible for the main curative effects of HH. The study may provide scientific information to further understanding the mechanism(s) of HH and its main components in removing blood stasis and ameliorating cerebral infarction. Additionally, AS-IV and HSYA appear to have synergistic effects on neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi׳an 710032, PR China
| | - Zhengyu Chen
- Health Department of General Logistics Department, CPLA, Beijing 010842, PR China
| | - Yanrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi׳an 710032, PR China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi׳an 710032, PR China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi׳an 710032, PR China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi׳an 710032, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi׳an 710032, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi׳an 710032, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi׳an 710032, PR China
| | - Zhifu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi׳an 710032, PR China.
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi׳an 710032, PR China.
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Friedemann T, Otto B, Klätschke K, Schumacher U, Tao Y, Leung AKM, Efferth T, Schröder S. Coptis chinensis Franch. exhibits neuroprotective properties against oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:607-615. [PMID: 24929105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch. (family Ranunculaceae) is traditionally used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and diabetes. Recent studies showed a variety of activities of Coptis chinensis Franch. alkaloids, including neuroprotective, neuroregenerative, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, there is no report on the neuroprotective effect of Coptis chinensis Franch. watery extract against tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH) induced oxidative damage. The aim of the study is to investigate neuroprotective properties of Coptis chinensis Franch. rhizome watery extract (CRE) and to evaluate its potential mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neuroprotective properties on t-BOOH induced oxidative stress were investigated in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Cells were pretreated with CRE for 2 h or 24 h followed by 2 h of treatment with t-BOOH. To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of CRE, cell viability, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the apoptotic rate were determined and microarray analyses, as well as qRT-PCR analyses were conducted. RESULTS Two hours of exposure to 100 µM t-BOOH resulted in a significant reduction of cell viability, increased apoptotic rate, declined mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and increased ROS production. Reduction of cell viability, increased apoptotic rate and declined mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) could be significantly reduced in cells pretreated with CRE (100 µg/ml) for 2h or 24h ahead of t-BOOH exposure with the greatest effect after 24h of pretreatment; however ROS production was not changed significantly. Furthermore, microarray analyses revealed that the expressions of 2 genes; thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 1, were significantly regulated. Down regulation of TXNIP was confirmed by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSION Due to its neuroprotective properties CRE might be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention or amelioration of diseases like diabetic neuropathy and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer and Parkinsons disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Friedemann
- HanseMerkur Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine at the University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Otto
- Array Service Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Kristin Klätschke
- Array Service Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Yi Tao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Alexander Kai-Man Leung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sven Schröder
- HanseMerkur Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine at the University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
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Kim S, Lee SH, Lee S, Park JD, Ryu DY. Arsenite-induced changes in hepatic protein abundance in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Proteomics 2014; 14:1833-43. [PMID: 24866292 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental pollutant, and its liver toxicity has long been recognized. The effect of arsenic on liver protein expression was analyzed using a proteomic approach in monkeys. Monkeys were orally administered sodium arsenite (SA) for 28 days. As shown by 2D-PAGE in combination with MS, the expression levels of 16 proteins were quantitatively changed in SA-treated monkey livers compared to control-treated monkey livers. Specifically, the levels of two proteins, mortalin and tubulin beta chain, were increased, and 14 were decreased, including plastin-3, cystathionine-beta-synthase, selenium-binding protein 1, annexin A6, alpha-enolase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-M, erlin-2, and arginase-1. In view of their functional roles, differential expression of these proteins may contribute to arsenic-induced liver toxicity, including cell death and carcinogenesis. Among the 16 identified proteins, four were selected for validation by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Additional Western blot analyses indicated arsenic-induced dysregulation of oxidative stress related, genotoxicity-related, and glucose metabolism related proteins in livers from SA-treated animals. Many changes in the abundance of toxicity-related proteins were also demonstrated in SA-treated human hepatoma cells. These data on the arsenic-induced regulation of proteins with critical roles may help elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying arsenic-induced liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohee Kim
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Pu Y, Wang Z, Bian Y, Zhang F, Yang P, Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Fang F, Cao H, Zhang X. All-transretinoic acid improves goat oocyte nuclear maturation and reduces apoptotic cumulus cells duringin vitromaturation. Anim Sci J 2014; 85:833-9. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Breeding in Sheep of Anhui Province; Hefei China
| | - Zhangfan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Yani Bian
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Pan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Yunsheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Breeding in Sheep of Anhui Province; Hefei China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Breeding in Sheep of Anhui Province; Hefei China
| | - Ya Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Breeding in Sheep of Anhui Province; Hefei China
| | - Fugui Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Breeding in Sheep of Anhui Province; Hefei China
| | - Hongguo Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Breeding in Sheep of Anhui Province; Hefei China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Breeding in Sheep of Anhui Province; Hefei China
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Zhang D, Wang Y, Liang Y, Zhang M, Wei J, Zheng X, Li F, Meng Y, Zhu NW, Li J, Wu XR, Huang C. Loss of p27 upregulates MnSOD in a STAT3-dependent manner, disrupts intracellular redox activity and enhances cell migration. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2920-33. [PMID: 24727615 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.148130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a dynamic process that is central to a variety of physiological functions as well as disease pathogenesis. The modulation of cell migration by p27 (officially known as CDKN1B) has been reported, but the exact mechanism(s) whereby p27 interacts with downstream effectors that control cell migration have not been elucidated. By systematically comparing p27(+/+) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with genetically ablated p27(-/-) MEFs using wound-healing, transwell and time-lapse microscopic analyses, we provide direct evidence that p27 inhibits both directional and random cell migration. Identical results were obtained with normal and cancer epithelial cells using complementary knockdown and overexpression approaches. Additional studies revealed that overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, officially known as SOD2) and reduced intracellular oxidation played a key role in increased cell migration in p27-deficient cells. Furthermore, we identified signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as the transcription factor responsible for p27-regulated MnSOD expression, which was further mediated by ERK- and ATF1-dependent transactivation of the cAMP response element (CRE) within the Stat3 promoter. Collectively, our data strongly indicate that p27 plays a crucial negative role in cell migration by inhibiting MnSOD expression in a STAT3-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Yulei Wang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Yuguang Liang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Jinlong Wei
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Fei Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Yan Meng
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Nina Wu Zhu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
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76
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Additivity, antagonism, and synergy in arsenic trioxide-induced growth inhibition of C6 glioma cells: effects of genistein, quercetin and buthionine-sulfoximine. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 67:212-21. [PMID: 24632069 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) induces clinical remission in acute promyelocytic leukemia and growth inhibition in various cancer cell lines in vitro. Recently, genistein and quercetin were reported to potentiate ATO-provoked apoptosis in leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Genistein acted via enhanced ROS generation and quercetin via glutathione depletion. Searching for potential strategies for the treatment of malignant gliomas in this study the capacity of these flavonoids to sensitize rat C6 astroglioma cells for the cytotoxic action of ATO was investigated. ATO inhibited cell growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. This effect was accompanied neither by enhanced radical generation nor lipid peroxidation and was not attributed to apoptosis. ATO treatment concentration-dependently increased glutathione levels. Genistein enhanced radical generation. Combined with ATO it inhibited cell growth additively. Additivity was also obtained after cotreatment with ATO and H2O2. Quercetin acted antagonistically on ATO-induced growth inhibition. Quercetin increased glutathione levels. In contrast, buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) depleted cellular glutathione and acted synergistically with ATO. In conclusion, in C6 cells neither genistein nor quercetin are suited as sensitizing agent, in contrast to BSO. Depletion of cellular glutathione content rather than an increase of ROS generation plays a central role in the enhancement of ATO-toxicity in C6 cells.
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77
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Cytotoxic effects of procyanidins from Castanea mollissima Bl. shell on human hepatoma G2 cells in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 64:166-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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78
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Mandal S, Chatterjee N, Das S, Saha KD, Chaudhuri K. Magnetic core–shell nanoprobe for sensitive killing of cancer cells via induction with a strong external magnetic field. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01407c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The title system, composed of a highly magnetic core surrounded by a thin arsenite shell, has been synthesized and applied to the magnetically facilitated targeting of anticancer agent (sodium arsenite) at lower dose with minimal side effects and higher efficacy in a biocompatible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Mandal
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700 032, India
| | - Nabanita Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhadip Das
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Keya Chaudhuri
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700 032, India
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79
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Yang F, Jin H, Pi J, Jiang JH, Liu L, Bai HH, Yang PH, Cai JY. Anti-tumor activity evaluation of novel chrysin–organogermanium(IV) complex in MCF-7 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5544-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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80
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MARVERTI GAETANO, LIGABUE ALESSIO, LOMBARDI PAOLO, FERRARI STEFANIA, MONTI MARIAGIUSEPPINA, FRASSINETI CHIARA, COSTI MARIAPAOLA. Modulation of the expression of folate cycle enzymes and polyamine metabolism by berberine in cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant human ovarian cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1269-80. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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81
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Keinan N, Pahima H, Ben-Hail D, Shoshan-Barmatz V. The role of calcium in VDAC1 oligomerization and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1745-54. [PMID: 23542128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), located at the outer mitochondria membrane (OMM), mediates interactions between mitochondria and other parts of the cell by transporting anions, cations, ATP, Ca(2+), and metabolites. Substantial evidence points to VDAC1 as being a key player in apoptosis, regulating the release of apoptogenic proteins from mitochondria, such as cytochrome c, and interacting with anti-apoptotic proteins. Recently, we demonstrated that VDAC1 oligomerization is a general mechanism common to numerous apoptogens acting via different initiating cascades and proposed that a protein-conducting channel formed within a VDAC1 homo/hetero oligomer mediates cytochrome c release. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for VDAC1 oligomerization remains unclear. Several studies have shown that mitochondrial Ca(2+) is involved in apoptosis induction and that VDAC1 possesses Ca(2+)-binding sites and mediates Ca(2+) transport across the OMM. Here, the relationship between the cellular Ca(2+) level, [Ca(2+)]i, VDAC1 oligomerization and apoptosis was studied. Decreasing [Ca(2+)]i using the cell-permeable Ca(2+) chelating reagent BAPTA-AM was found to inhibit VDAC1 oligomerization and apoptosis, while increasing [Ca(2+)]i using Ca(2+) ionophore resulted in VDAC1 oligomerization and apoptosis induction in the absence of apoptotic stimuli. Moreover, induction of apoptosis elevated [Ca(2+)]i, concomitantly with VDAC1 oligomerization. AzRu-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial Ca(2+) transport decreased VDAC1 oligomerization, suggesting that mitochondrial Ca(2+) is required for VDAC1 oligomerization. In addition, increased [Ca(2+)]i levels up-regulate VDAC1 expression. These results suggest that Ca(2+) promotes VDAC1 oligomerization via activation of a yet unknown signaling pathway or by increasing VDAC1 expression, leading to apoptosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Keinan
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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82
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Kritharis A, Bradley TP, Budman DR. The evolving use of arsenic in pharmacotherapy of malignant disease. Ann Hematol 2013; 92:719-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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83
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Guo C, Tong L, Xi M, Yang H, Dong H, Wen A. Neuroprotective effect of calycosin on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:768-774. [PMID: 23123262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Astragali has been commonly used as traditional herbal medicine in China for reinforcing vital energy, strengthening superficial resistance and promoting the discharge of pus and the growth of new tissue. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of calycosin isolated from the roots of Radix Astragali on cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS After 24h of reperfusion following ischemia for 2h induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), Sprague-Dawley rats were intragastrically administered different doses of calycosin (7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg, respectively). Neurological deficit, infarct volume, histopathology changes and some oxidative stress markers were evaluated after 24h of reperfusion. RESULTS Treatment with calycosin significantly ameliorated neurologic deficit and infarct volume after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Calycosin also reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and up-regulated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, calycosin can also inhibit the expression of 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). CONCLUSION These results suggest that calycosin has a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The mechanism might be attributed to its antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
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84
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Barrera G. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products in cancer progression and therapy. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:137289. [PMID: 23119185 PMCID: PMC3483701 DOI: 10.5402/2012/137289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 541] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an altered redox status are common biochemical aspects in cancer cells. ROS can react with the polyunsaturated fatty acids of lipid membranes and induce lipid peroxidation. The end products of lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), have been considered to be a second messenger of oxidative stress.
Beyond ROS involvement in carcinogenesis, increased ROS level can inhibit tumor cell growth. Indeed, in tumors in advanced stages, a further increase of oxidative stress, such as that occurs when using several anticancer drugs and radiation therapy, can overcome the antioxidant defenses of cancer cells and drive them to apoptosis. High concentrations of HNE can also induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, some cells escape the apoptosis induced by chemical or radiation therapy through the adaptation to intrinsic oxidative stress which confers drug resistance. This paper is focused on recent advances in the studies of the relation between oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation products, and cancer progression with particular attention to the pro-oxidant anticancer agents and the drug-resistant mechanisms, which could be modulated to obtain a better response to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Barrera
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy
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85
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Zhang H, Cai C, Shi C, Cao H, Han Z, Jia X. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the testes of frog Rana limnocharis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 122-123:67-74. [PMID: 22728207 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the genetic damage induced by cadmium exposure in the testes of Rana limnocharis. Healthy adult frogs were exposed to 2.5, 5, 7.5, or 10 mg/L of cadmium solution for 14 days. The results showed that exposure to these concentrations increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content in the testes, clearly indicating a dose-effect relationship. Moreover, the same dosages of Cd(2+) solution increased glutathione (reduced) content, with the values being significantly different from those observed in the control group (P<0.01). The comet assay results demonstrated that the DNA damage rate, tail length, and tail moment of samples obtained from frogs exposed to 2.5-7.5 mg/L of cadmium solution significantly increased compared with those of samples obtained from the control group (P<0.01). These findings suggest that cadmium can induce free radical generation, followed by lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Ultrastructural observation revealed vacuoles in the spermatogenic cells, cell dispersion, incomplete cell structures, and deformed nucleoli. Moreover, cadmium exposure induced significant down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Bax and caspase-3 expressions. Taken together, these data indicate that cadmium can induce testicular cell apoptosis in R. limnocharis. Exploring the effects of cadmium on the mechanism of reproductive toxicity in amphibians will help provide a scientific basis accounting for the global population decline in amphibian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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86
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Yuan Y, Ming Z, Gong-Hua H, Lan G, Lu D, Peng L, Feng J, Cai-Gao Z. Cr(VI) induces the decrease of ATP level and the increase of apoptosis rate mediated by ROS or VDAC1 in L-02 hepatocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:579-587. [PMID: 22858589 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the ability of the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) mRNA and ROS levels to modulate the effects of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) on the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and the rate of apoptotic cell death. Cultured L-02 cells were pretreated with 20mM N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) for 24h or transiently transfected with small interfering RNAs targeting VDAC1 (siVDAC1) for 48h; cells that were not pretreated were used as the control. The cells were subsequently treated with 0, 2, 8, or 32μM Cr(VI) for 24h. Then, levels of VDAC1 mRNA, ROS, and ATP and the apoptosis rate were measured by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR, fluorometry, a bioluminescence assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that Cr(VI) at 32μM led to increase in the ROS level, VDAC1 mRNA expression, and the apoptosis rate and a decrease in the ATP level; pretreatment with NAC led to the down-regulation in the levels of ROS, VDAC1 mRNA and apoptosis and the significant up-regulation in the ATP levels. Interestingly, after the pretreatment with siVDAC1 to inhibit VDAC1 mRNA expression, the increased apoptosis rates and decreased ATP levels were reversed as well. These results suggested that changes in the ROS or VDAC1 mRNA levels were associated with changes in the ATP level and apoptosis rate. Furthermore, correlation analysis confirmed the association between both the ROS and VDAC1 levels and both the ATP level and the apoptosis rate. In conclusion, Cr(VI) induced ROS- and VDAC1-mediated decreases in ATP levels and increases in the apoptosis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huaihua Medical College, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Zen Ming
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Hu Gong-Hua
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Guan Lan
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Dai Lu
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zhong Cai-Gao
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
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87
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Yen CY, Chiu CC, Haung RW, Yeh CC, Huang KJ, Chang KF, Hseu YC, Chang FR, Chang HW, Wu YC. Antiproliferative effects of goniothalamin on Ca9-22 oral cancer cells through apoptosis, DNA damage and ROS induction. Mutat Res 2012; 747:253-8. [PMID: 22721813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Goniothalamin (GTN), a plant bioactive styryl-lactone, is a natural product with potent anti-tumorigenesis effects for several types of cancer. Nonetheless, the anticancer effect of GTN has not been examined in oral cancer. The present study was designed to evaluate its potential anticancer effects in an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) model and to determine the possible mechanisms with respect to apoptosis, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Our data demonstrated that cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by GTN in Ca9-22 OSCC cancer cells in concentration- and time-dependent manners (p<0.05). For cell cycle and apoptotic effects of GTN-treated Ca9-22 cancer cells, the sub-G1 population and annexin V-intensity significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.001). For the analysis of DNA double strand breaks, γH2AX intensity significantly increased in GTN-treated Ca9-22 cancer cells in concentration-response relationship (p<0.05). Moreover, GTN significantly induced intracellular ROS levels in Ca9-22 cancer cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (p<0.05). For membrane depolarization of mitochondria, the DiOC(2)(3) (3,3'-diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide) intensity of GTN-treated Ca9-22 cancer cells was significantly decreased in concentration- and time-dependent relationships (p<0.001). Taken together, these results suggest that the anticancer effect of GTN against oral cancer cells is valid and GTN-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis influence the downstream cascade including ROS induction, DNA damage, and mitochondria membrane depolarization. Therefore, GTN has potential as a chemotherapeutic agent against oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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88
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YOU BORA, PARK WOOHYUN. Arsenic trioxide induces human pulmonary fibroblast cell death via increasing ROS levels and GSH depletion. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:749-57. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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89
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Sertel S, Tome M, Briehl MM, Bauer J, Hock K, Plinkert PK, Efferth T. Factors determining sensitivity and resistance of tumor cells to arsenic trioxide. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35584. [PMID: 22590507 PMCID: PMC3349672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, arsenic trioxide showed impressive regression rates of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Here, we investigated molecular determinants of sensitivity and resistance of cell lines of different tumor types towards arsenic trioxide. Arsenic trioxide was the most cytotoxic compound among 8 arsenicals investigated in the NCI cell line panel. We correlated transcriptome-wide microarray-based mRNA expression to the IC(50) values for arsenic trioxide by bioinformatic approaches (COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses, Ingenuity signaling pathway analysis). Among the identified pathways were signaling routes for p53, integrin-linked kinase, and actin cytoskeleton. Genes from these pathways significantly predicted cellular response to arsenic trioxide. Then, we analyzed whether classical drug resistance factors may also play a role for arsenic trioxide. Cell lines transfected with cDNAs for catalase, thioredoxin, or the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 gene were more resistant to arsenic trioxide than mock vector transfected cells. Multidrug-resistant cells overexpressing the MDR1, MRP1 or BCRP genes were not cross-resistant to arsenic trioxide. Our approach revealed that response of tumor cells towards arsenic trioxide is multi-factorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Sertel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biology (C015), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Margaret Tome
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Margaret M. Briehl
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Judith Bauer
- Pharmaceutical Biology (C015), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Hock
- Pharmaceutical Biology (C015), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter K. Plinkert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Pharmaceutical Biology (C015), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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90
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Health and cellular impacts of air pollutants: from cytoprotection to cytotoxicity. Biochem Res Int 2012; 2012:493894. [PMID: 22550588 PMCID: PMC3328890 DOI: 10.1155/2012/493894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution as one of the ravages of our modern societies is primarily linked to urban centers, industrial activities, or road traffic. These atmospheric pollutants have been incriminated in deleterious health effects by numerous epidemiological and in vitro studies. Environmental air pollutants are a heterogeneous mixture of particles suspended into a liquid and gaseous phase which trigger the disruption of redox homeostasis—known under the term of cellular oxidative stress—in relation with the establishment of inflammation and cell death via necrosis, apoptosis, or autophagy. Activation or repression of the apoptotic process as an adaptative response to xenobiotics might lead to either acute or chronic toxicity. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the central role of oxidative stress induced by air pollutants and to focus on the subsequent cellular impacts ranging from cytoprotection to cytotoxicity by decreasing or stimulating apoptosis, respectively.
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91
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Luo H, Yang Y, Huang F, Li F, Jiang Q, Shi K, Xu C. Selenite induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via AKT-mediated inhibition of β-catenin survival axis. Cancer Lett 2012; 315:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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92
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Chen G, Chen Z, Hu Y, Huang P. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and rapid depletion of mitochondrial glutathione by β-phenethyl isothiocyanate: mechanisms for anti-leukemia activity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2911-21. [PMID: 21827296 PMCID: PMC3201634 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS β-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a natural product with potent anticancer activity against human leukemia cells including drug-resistant primary leukemia cells from patients. This study aimed at investigating the key mechanisms that contribute to the potent anti-leukemia activity of PEITC and at evaluating its therapeutic potential. RESULTS Our study showed that PEITC caused a rapid depletion of mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) and a significant elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide, and induced a disruption of the mitochondrial electron transport complex I manifested by an early degradation of NADH dehydrogenase Fe-S protein-3 and a significant suppression of mitochondrial respiration. Using biochemical and pharmacological approaches, we further showed that inhibition of mitochondrial respiration alone by rotenone caused only a moderate cytotoxicity in leukemia cells, whereas a combination of respiratory inhibition and an ROS-generating agent exhibited a synergistic effect against leukemia and lymphoma cells. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Although PEITC is a reactive compound and might have multiple mechanisms of action, we showed that a rapid depletion of GSH and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration are two important early events that induced synergistic cytotoxicity in leukemia cells. These findings not only suggest that PEITC is a promising compound for potential use in leukemia treatment, but also provide a basis for developing new therapeutic strategies to effectively kill leukemia cells by using a novel combination to modulate ROS and inhibit mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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93
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Li R, Chen B, Wang G, Yu B, Ren G, Ni G. Effects of mechanical strain on oxygen free radical system in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from children. Injury 2011; 42:753-7. [PMID: 21145545 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological loading is widely believed to be beneficial in maintaining skeletal integrity by stimulating new bone formation through increases in osteoblastic activity and concomitant decreases in osteoclastic activity. However, excessive or nonphysiological loading is associated with bone injuries, including stress fractures and osteoporotic fractures, thereby leading to a decreased functional capacity of bone. It is known that the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a significant factor underlying tissue injury observed in many disease states. The aim of this study was to study the effects of mechanical strain on oxygen free radical system [ROS, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)] in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from children. METHODS To determine whether extreme levels of mechanical strain enhance ROS synthesis, we loaded cyclic tensile stretch of varying magnitude on MSCs. After MSCs were stimulated by mechanical strain, ROS labelled with 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) fluorescent probe in cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) whilst SOD activity and MDA level were detected by xanthine oxidase method and thiobarbituric acid method, respectively. RESULTS Extreme levels (>12%) of mechanical strain applied to children's MSCs enhanced ROS synthesis, decreased the activity of SOD and increased the level of MDA, in a time- and magnitude-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that excessive magnitude of cyclic tensile strain (>12%) could induce oxygen free radical disequilibrium, resulting in cytotoxicity. The findings may have clinical implications for orthopaedic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runguang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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94
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Hancock CN, Stockwin LH, Han B, Divelbiss RD, Jun JH, Malhotra SV, Hollingshead MG, Newton DL. A copper chelate of thiosemicarbazone NSC 689534 induces oxidative/ER stress and inhibits tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:110-21. [PMID: 20971185 PMCID: PMC3014388 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.10.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a Cu(2+) chelate of the novel thiosemicarbazone NSC 689534 was evaluated for in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity. Results demonstrated that NSC 689534 activity (low micromolar range) was enhanced four- to fivefold by copper chelation and completely attenuated by iron. Importantly, once formed, the NSC 689534/Cu(2+) complex retained activity in the presence of additional iron or iron-containing biomolecules. NSC 689534/Cu(2+) mediated its effects primarily through the induction of ROS, with depletion of cellular glutathione and protein thiols. Pretreatment of cells with the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine impaired activity, whereas NSC 689534/Cu(2+) effectively synergized with the glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine. Microarray analysis of NSC 689534/Cu(2+)-treated cells highlighted activation of pathways involved in oxidative and ER stress/UPR, autophagy, and metal metabolism. Further scrutiny of the role of ER stress and autophagy indicated that NSC 689534/Cu(2+)-induced cell death was ER-stress dependent and autophagy independent. Last, NSC 689534/Cu(2+) was shown to have activity in an HL60 xenograft model. These data suggest that NSC 689534/Cu(2+) is a potent oxidative stress inducer worthy of further preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad N. Hancock
- Biological Testing Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Luke H. Stockwin
- Biological Testing Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Bingnan Han
- Biological Testing Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Raymond D. Divelbiss
- Biological Testing Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jung Ho Jun
- Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sanjay V. Malhotra
- Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Melinda G. Hollingshead
- Biological Testing Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Dianne L. Newton
- Biological Testing Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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95
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Effects of ascorbic acid and β-carotene on HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4265-72. [PMID: 21116852 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that vegetable rich diets have protective effects on the occurrence and prognosis of various cancers. In addition to dietary intakes, ascorbic acid and β-carotene are also taken as supplements. The aim of this study was to assess effects of ascorbic acid, β-carotene and their combinations on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. Ascorbic acid and β-carotene were applied to cells as plasma peak concentrations (70 and 8 μM, respectively) and their half concentrations (35 and 4 μM, respectively) for 24 and 48 h. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of ascorbic acid and β-carotene were evaluated by alkali single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE), acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining patterns of cells (apoptosis and necrosis) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS). Results of the SCGE demonstrated that both ascorbic acid and β-carotene caused DNA damage on HepG2 which were also concordant to increased apoptosis and necrosis of cells. Increased TBARS values also demonstrated increased lipid peroxidation in these cells. Results of the present study demonstrates that when dietary intakes of ascorbic acid and β-carotene and their relevant achievable plasma level concentrations were considered, both ascorbic acid and β-carotene induce genotoxic and cytotoxic damage on HepG2 together with increased oxidative damage in contrast to their protective effect on healthy cells. This may be correlated to oxidative status and balance of ROS in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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96
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Geniposide inhibits high glucose-induced cell adhesion through the NF-kappaB signaling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:953-62. [PMID: 20686520 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether geniposide, an iridoid glucoside extracted from gardenia jasminoides ellis fruits, inhibits cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by high glucose and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS HUVECs were isolated from human umbilical cords and cultured. The adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs was determined using fluorescence-labeled monocytes. The mRNA and protein levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and endothelial selectin (E-selectin) were measured using real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using a fluorescent probe. The amounts of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and inhibitory factor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) were determined using Western blot analysis. The translocation of NF-kappaB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was determined using immunofluorescence. RESULTS Geniposide (10-20 mumol/L) inhibited high glucose (33 mmol/L)-induced adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. This compound (5-40 mumol/L) also inhibited high glucose-induced expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin at the gene and protein levels. Furthermore, geniposide (5-20 micromol/L) decreased ROS production and prevented IkappaB degradation in the cytoplasm and NF-kappaB translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in HUVECs. CONCLUSION Geniposide inhibits the adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs and the expression of CAMs induced by high glucose, suggesting that the compound may represent a new treatment for diabetic vascular injury. The mechanism underlying this inhibitory effect may be related to the inhibition of ROS overproduction and NF-kappaB signaling pathway activation by geniposide.
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97
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Han YH, Moon HJ, You BR, Park WH. Propyl gallate inhibits the growth of calf pulmonary arterial endothelial cells via glutathione depletion. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1183-9. [PMID: 20159035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Propyl gallate (PG) as a synthetic antioxidant exerts a variety of effects on tissue and cell functions. Here, we evaluated the effects of PG on the growth and death of endothelial cells (ECs), especially calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells (CPAEC) in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH). PG dose-dependently inhibited the growth of CPAEC and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) at 24h. PG induced cell death in CPAEC, which was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; DeltaPsi(m)). PG generally increased ROS level in CPAEC but not in HUVEC. PG also dose-dependently increased GSH depleted cells in both ECs. The treatment with antioxidant of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) or ascorbate acid (AA) prevented CPAEC growth inhibition and death by PG, which was accompanied by the attenuation of GSH depletion but not by the reduction of ROS level. In conclusion, PG induced growth inhibition and death of ECs, especially CPAEC via GSH depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hwan Han
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, JeonJu 561-180, Republic of Korea
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98
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Arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis of Hep-2 cell line through modulating intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. Auris Nasus Larynx 2010; 37:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2009.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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99
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100
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Fruehauf JP, Trapp V. Reactive oxygen species: an Achilles' heel of melanoma? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2009; 8:1751-7. [PMID: 18983235 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.8.11.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The successful treatment of melanoma has been hampered by the unique biology of this cancer. Fortunately, research to further our understanding of how melanoma cells differ from normal tissues has led to the discovery of potential new avenues of attack. One promising strategy relates to targeting the excess free radicals produced by melanomas. Melanocyte transformation into cancer is associated with significant structural alterations in the melanosome. In addition to pigment production, melanosomes also protect the cell by scavenging free radicals generated by sunlight and cellular metabolism. In melanoma, the disrupted and disorganized melanosome structure reverses this process. Melanosomes found in melanoma produce free radicals, such as hydrogen peroxide, furthering DNA damage. Melanosome generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in tandem with those generated by cancer metabolism, activate cellular signal transduction pathways that prevent cell death. ROS activation of proto-oncogene pathways in melanoma contributes to their resistance to chemotherapy. Fortunately, it may be possible to target these free radicals, just as Paris was able to successfully target Achilles' heel. The use of agents that block ROS scavenging, such as ATN-224 and disulfiram, have been explored clinically. A recent randomized Phase II trial with elesclomol, an agent that generates ROS, in combination with paclitaxel led to improved patient survival, suggesting that this may be a viable approach to advance the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Fruehauf
- University of California Irvine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, CA, USA.
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