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S. aureus Colonization, Biofilm Production, and Phage Susceptibility in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090582. [PMID: 32906685 PMCID: PMC7558627 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritonitis caused by Staphylococcusaureus is of major importance in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients due to its great virulence profile and biofilm formation ability. Bacteriophages are a potential tool to treat peritonitis resulting from biofilm-associated infections. We screened S. aureus colonization in 71 PD patients from the nasal cavity, groin, and PD exit-site regions and analyzed clinical outcomes in these patients. We performed biofilm-formation testing of different strains and compared the isolates of one patient to detect phenotypic differences in S. aureus. Phage cocktails were used to detect S. aureus in vitro susceptibility. An adaptation procedure was performed in cases of bacterial resistance. Around 30% of PD patients (n = 21) were found to be S. aureus carriers; from these, a total of 34 S. aureus strains were isolated, of which 61.8% (n = 21) produced a strong biofilm. Phenotypic differences in strain biofilm production were detected in eight patients out of ten. All strains were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics. Broadly positive phage lytic activity (100%) was observed in six cocktails out of seven, and bacterial resistance towards phages was overcome using adaptation. Overall phages showed a promising in vitro effect in biofilm-forming S. aureus strains.
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Luong T, Salabarria AC, Roach DR. Phage Therapy in the Resistance Era: Where Do We Stand and Where Are We Going? Clin Ther 2020; 42:1659-1680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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53
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El Haddad L, Harb CP, Gebara MA, Stibich MA, Chemaly RF. A Systematic and Critical Review of Bacteriophage Therapy Against Multidrug-resistant ESKAPE Organisms in Humans. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:167-178. [PMID: 30395179 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) may constitute a natural, safe, and effective strategy to prevent and control multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), and ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens in particular. Few clinical studies have assessed the safety and efficacy of phages in patients infected with MDROs. This systematic review summarizes and critically evaluates published studies of phages in clinical practice and presents the appropriate phage selection criteria, as well as recommendations for clinicians and scientists for a successful therapy. Articles were identified through a search of the PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Among 1102 articles and abstracts, 30 studies were selected and evaluated using selective inclusion criteria, phage criteria, and study characteristics. Most studies showed efficacy (87%) and safety (67%) of the tested phages, but few studies examined phage resistance (35%). Clinical studies and regulatory changes are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of phages and to advance their use in patients with MDRO infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn El Haddad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Cynthia P Harb
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Marc A Gebara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Mark A Stibich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.,Xenex Disinfection Services, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Roy F Chemaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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Bacteriophage-Antibiotic Combination Strategy: an Alternative against Methicillin-Resistant Phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00461-20. [PMID: 32393490 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00461-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative time-kill experiments with Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage (phage) Sb-1 alone and phage-antibiotic combinations (PACs) against two methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains have shown synergy with both daptomycin-phage and vancomycin-phage combinations. PACs prevented development of phage resistance and demonstrated bactericidal activity for all triple combinations. In addition, the extracellular membrane vesicle (MV) formation and the potential impact of phage on MV suppression were examined. Our results demonstrate the potential of PAC for combating MRSA infections.
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Kim SG, Giri SS, Yun S, Kim HJ, Kim SW, Kang JW, Han SJ, Kwon J, Oh WT, Jun JW, Park SC. Synergistic phage-surfactant combination clears IgE-promoted Staphylococcus aureus aggregation in vitro and enhances the effect in vivo. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:105997. [PMID: 32335278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, topical antibiotic treatment is a major strategy for decolonisation of Staphylococcus aureus, although it may result in antibiotic resistance or recolonisation of the organism. Recently, application of bacteriophages in the treatment of S. aureus infection has attracted attention. However, a single administration of bacteriophages did not effectively decolonise S. aureus in our first trial in vivo. Using a bacteriophage (pSa-3) and surfactant combination in vitro, we showed an increased (>8%) adsorption rate of the bacteriophage on the host. Moreover, the combination increased the eradication of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-stimulated aggregation, as the surfactant promoted the dissociation of S. aureus aggregates by decreasing the size by 75% and 50% in the absence and presence of IgE, respectively. Furthermore, the combined treatment significantly decolonised the pathogen with an efficacy double that of the phage-only treatment, and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1β, IL-12 and IFNγ) for 5 days in the second in vivo trial. These results suggest that the bacteriophage-surfactant combination could act as an alternative to antibiotics for S. aureus decolonisation in patients with dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Kang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Taek Oh
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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56
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Tkhilaishvili T, Wang L, Perka C, Trampuz A, Gonzalez Moreno M. Using Bacteriophages as a Trojan Horse to the Killing of Dual-Species Biofilm Formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:695. [PMID: 32351494 PMCID: PMC7174619 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are pathogens able to colonize surfaces and form together a mixed biofilm. Dual-species biofilms are significantly more resistant to antimicrobials than a monomicrobial community, leading to treatment failure. Due to their rapid bactericidal activity, the self-amplification ability and the biofilm degrading properties, bacteriophages represent a promising therapeutic option in fighting biofilm-related infections. In this study, we investigated the effect of either the simultaneous or staggered application of commercially available phages and ciprofloxacin versus S. aureus/P. aeruginosa dual-species biofilms in vitro. Biofilms were grown on porous glass beads and analyzed over time. Different techniques such as microcalorimetry, sonication and scanning electron microscopy were combined for the evaluation of anti-biofilm activities. Both bacterial species were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and to phages in their planktonic form of growth. Ciprofloxacin tested alone against biofilms required high concentration ranging from 256 to >512 mg/L to show an inhibitory effect, whereas phages alone showed good and moderate activity against MRSA biofilms and dual-species biofilms, respectively, but low activity against P. aeruginosa biofilms. The combination of ciprofloxacin with phages showed a remarkable improvement in the anti-biofilm activity of both antimicrobials with complete eradication of dual-species biofilms after staggered exposure to Pyophage or Pyophage + Staphylococcal phage for 12 h followed by 1 mg/L of ciprofloxacin, a dose achievable by intravenous or oral antibiotic administration. Our study provides also valuable data regarding not only dosage but also an optimal time of antimicrobial exposure, which is crucial in the implementation of combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamta Tkhilaishvili
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez Moreno
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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57
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Tkhilaishvili T, Wang L, Tavanti A, Trampuz A, Di Luca M. Antibacterial Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Bacteriophage Formulations, Staphylococcal Bacteriophage and PYO Bacteriophage, Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Prevention and Eradication of Biofilm Formation and Control of a Systemic Infection of Galleria mellonella Larvae. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:110. [PMID: 32117136 PMCID: PMC7018685 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sessile bacteria growing on surfaces are more resistant to standard antibiotics than their planktonic counterpart. Due to their antimicrobial properties, bacteriophages have re-emerged as a promising approach to treat bacterial biofilm-associated infections. Here, we evaluated the ability of two commercially available phage formulations, Staphylococcal bacteriophage (containing the monophage Sb-1) and PYO bacteriophage (a polyphage), in preventing and eradicating an in vitro biofilm of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by isothermal microcalorimetry and high-resolution confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Moreover, to assess the potential in vivo efficacy of both phage preparations, a Galleria mellonella model of MRSA systemic infection was used. Microcalorimetry measurement showed that 107 PFU/ml (the highest tested titer) of both phage formulations were able to inhibit planktonic growth in a concentration-dependent manner. However, MRSA biofilm was eradicated only by co-incubation of 5–7 days with the highest phage titers, respectively. In the experiments of biofilm prevention, isothermal microcalorimetry revealed that the heat production was completely abolished in the presence of sub-inhibitory titers (104 PFU/ml) of phages. These data were also confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Both phage formulations increased the survival of G. mellonella larvae preventing or treating MRSA infection compared to untreated control. In conclusion, tested phage formulations are promising for preventing device colonization and killing biofilm bacteria attached on a surface. Novel strategies for direct coating and release of phages from material should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamta Tkhilaishvili
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andrej Trampuz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariagrazia Di Luca
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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58
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Caflisch KM, Suh GA, Patel R. Biological challenges of phage therapy and proposed solutions: a literature review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:1011-1041. [PMID: 31735090 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1694905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In light of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, phage (bacteriophage) therapy has been recognized as a potential alternative or addition to antibiotics in Western medicine for use in humans.Areas covered: This review assessed the scientific literature on phage therapy published between 1 January 2007 and 21 October 2019, with a focus on the successes and challenges of this prospective therapeutic.Expert opinion: Efficacy has been shown in animal models and experimental findings suggest promise for the safety of human phagotherapy. Significant challenges remain to be addressed prior to the standardization of phage therapy in the West, including the development of phage-resistant bacteria; the pharmacokinetic complexities of phage; and any potential human immune response incited by phagotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Caflisch
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gina A Suh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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59
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Patel DR, Bhartiya SK, Kumar R, Shukla VK, Nath G. Use of Customized Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Chronic Nonhealing Wounds: A Prospective Study. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2019; 20:37-46. [PMID: 31752578 DOI: 10.1177/1534734619881076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonhealing ulcers are a great challenge to surgeons as they may occasionally culminate in amputation of the affected part. Mostly nonhealing of wounds results due to infection by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and subsequent biofilm formation. However, customized bacteriophage therapy may take care of both of the above-mentioned hurdles. A total of 48 study subjects of age group 12 to 70 years, having minimum one eligible full-thickness wound and failed to heal in 6-week duration with conventional therapy, were included in this exploratory prospective study. Patients with systemic diseases, that is, burn, malignancy, dermatological disorders, and ulcers with leprosy or tuberculosis, were excluded. However, subjects having diabetes and hypertension were included in the study. The customized monophage for single bacterial infection and cocktail of phages specific to 2 or more infecting bacteria were applied on an alternate day over the wound surface. A total of 5 to 7 applications were made till the wound became free of infecting bacteria. The study period extended from August 2018 to May 2019. The study subjects were followed for 3 months since the start of therapy. A cure rate of 81.2% could be obtained, of which 90.5% (19/21) patients were nondiabetic and 74.1% (20/27) diabetic. The wounds infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae were observed with relatively delayed healing. Post phage therapy, the mean hemoglobin level and percentage of lymphocytes increased significantly. The customized local phage therapy is very promising in nonhealing ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Raj Patel
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajesh Kumar
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay K Shukla
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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60
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Correlation of Host Range Expansion of Therapeutic Bacteriophage Sb-1 with Allele State at a Hypervariable Repeat Locus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01209-19. [PMID: 31492663 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01209-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are frequent agents of health care-associated infections and include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is resistant to first-line antibiotic treatments. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is a promising alternative antibacterial option to treat MRSA infections. S. aureus-specific phage Sb-1 has been widely used in Georgia to treat a variety of human S. aureus infections. Sb-1 has a broad host range within S. aureus, including MRSA strains, and its host range can be further expanded by adaptation to previously resistant clinical isolates. The susceptibilities of a panel of 25 genetically diverse clinical MRSA isolates to Sb-1 phage were tested, and the phage had lytic activity against 23 strains (92%). The adapted phage stock (designated Sb-1A) was tested in comparison with the parental phage (designated Sb-1P). Sb-1P had lytic activity against 78/90 strains (87%) in an expanded panel of diverse global S. aureus isolates, while eight additional strains in this panel were susceptible to Sb-1A (lytic against 86/90 strains [96%]). The Sb-1A stock was shown to be a mixed population of phage clones, including approximately 4% expanded host range mutants, designated Sb-1M. In an effort to better understand the genetic basis for this host range expansion, we sequenced the complete genomes of the parental Sb-1P and two Sb-1M mutants. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a hypervariable complex repeat structure in the Sb-1 genome that had a distinct allele that correlated with the host range expansion. This hypervariable region was previously uncharacterized in Twort-like phages and represents a novel putative host range determinant.IMPORTANCE Because of limited therapeutic options, infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus represent a serious problem in both civilian and military health care settings. Phages have potential as alternative antibacterial agents that can be used in combination with antibiotic drugs. For decades, phage Sb-1 has been used in former Soviet Union countries for antistaphylococcal treatment in humans. The therapeutic spectrum of activity of Sb-1 can be increased by selecting mutants of the phage with expanded host ranges. In this work, the host range of phage Sb-1 was expanded in the laboratory, and a hypervariable region in its genome was identified with a distinct allele state that correlated with this host range expansion. These results provide a genetic basis for better understanding the mechanisms of phage host range expansion.
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61
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Caflisch KM, Patel R. Implications of Bacteriophage- and Bacteriophage Component-Based Therapies for the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:e00229-19. [PMID: 31092596 PMCID: PMC6663902 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00229-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of bacterial infections is increasingly challenged by resistance to currently available antibacterial agents. Not only are such agents less likely to be active today than they were in the past, but their very use has selected for and continues to select for further resistance. Additional strategies for the management of bacterial illnesses must be identified. In this review, bacteriophage-based therapies are presented as one promising approach. In anticipation of their potential expansion into clinical medicine, clinical microbiologists may wish to acquaint themselves with bacteriophages and their antibacterial components and, specifically, with methods for testing them. Here, we reviewed the literature spanning January 2007 to March 2019 on bacteriophage and phage-encoded protein therapies of relevance to clinical microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Caflisch
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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62
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Barros J, Melo LDR, Poeta P, Igrejas G, Ferraz MP, Azeredo J, Monteiro FJ. Lytic bacteriophages against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli isolates from orthopaedic implant-associated infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 54:329-337. [PMID: 31229670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Orthopaedic implant-associated infections are a devastating complication of orthopaedic surgery with a significant impact on patients and healthcare systems. The aims of this work were to describe the patterns of antimicrobial resistance, pathogenicity and virulence of clinical bacterial isolates from orthopaedic implant-associated infections and to further isolate and characterise bacteriophages that are efficient in controlling these bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli isolated from orthopaedic infections showed multiresistance patterns to the most frequently used antibiotics in clinical settings. The presence of mobile genetic elements (mecA, Tn916/Tn1545 and intl1) and virulence determinants (icaB, cna, hlb, cylLs, cylM, agg, gelE, fsr and fimA) highlighted the pathogenicity of these isolates. Moreover, the isolates belonged to clonal complexes associated with the acquisition of pathogenicity islands and antimicrobial resistance genes by recombination and horizontal gene transfer. Bacteriophages vB_SauM_LM12, vB_EfaS_LM99 and vB_EcoM_JB75 were characterised and their ability to infect clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. faecalis and E. coli, respectively, was assessed. Morphological and genomic analyses revealed that vB_EfaS_LM99 and vB_EcoM_JB75 belong to the Siphoviridae and Myoviridae families, respectively, and no genes associated with lysogeny were found. The bacteriophages showed low latent periods, high burst sizes, broad host ranges and tolerance to several environmental conditions. Moreover, they showed high efficiency and specificity to infect and reduce clinical bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Therefore, the results obtained suggest that the bacteriophages used in this work are a promising approach to control these pathogens involved in orthopaedic implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Barros
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Porto, Portugal; FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís D R Melo
- Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; LAQV‑REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- LAQV‑REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria P Ferraz
- FP-ENAS/CEBIMED-University Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit/Biomedical Research Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernando J Monteiro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Porto, Portugal; FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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63
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Principi N, Silvestri E, Esposito S. Advantages and Limitations of Bacteriophages for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:513. [PMID: 31139086 PMCID: PMC6517696 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (BPs) are viruses that can infect and kill bacteria without any negative effect on human or animal cells. For this reason, it is supposed that they can be used, alone or in combination with antibiotics, to treat bacterial infections. In this narrative review, the advantages and limitations of BPs for use in humans will be discussed. PubMed was used to search for all of the studies published from January 2008 to December 2018 using the key words: “BPs” or “phages” and “bacterial infection” or “antibiotic” or “infectious diseases.” More than 100 articles were found, but only those published in English or providing evidence-based data were included in the evaluation. Literature review showed that the rapid rise of multi-drug-resistant bacteria worldwide coupled with a decline in the development and production of novel antibacterial agents have led scientists to consider BPs for treatment of bacterial infection. Use of BPs to overcome the problem of increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics is attractive, and some research data seem to indicate that it might be a rational measure. However, present knowledge seems insufficient to allow the use of BPs for this purpose. To date, the problem of how to prepare the formulations for clinical use and how to avoid or limit the risk of emergence of bacterial resistance through the transmission of genetic material are not completely solved problems. Further studies specifically devoted to solve these problems are needed before BPs can be used in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Principi
- Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Silvestri
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Pediatric Clinic, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Pediatric Clinic, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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64
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Abedon ST. Use of phage therapy to treat long-standing, persistent, or chronic bacterial infections. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 145:18-39. [PMID: 31708017 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Viruses of bacteria - known as bacteriophages or phages - have been used clinically as antibacterial agents for nearly 100 years. Often this phage therapy is of long-standing, persistent, or chronic bacterial infections, and this can be particularly so given prior but insufficiently effective infection treatment using standard antibiotics. Such infections, in turn, often have a biofilm component. Phages in modern medicine thus are envisaged to serve especially as anti-biofilm/anti-persistent infection agents. Here I review the English-language literature concerning in vivo experimental and clinical phage treatment of longer-lived bacterial infections. Overall, published data appears to be supportive of a relatively high potential for phages to cure infections which are long standing and which otherwise have resisted treatment with antibieiotics.
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65
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D'Accolti M, Soffritti I, Lanzoni L, Bisi M, Volta A, Mazzacane S, Caselli E. Effective elimination of Staphylococcal contamination from hospital surfaces by a bacteriophage-probiotic sanitation strategy: a monocentric study. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:742-751. [PMID: 31025530 PMCID: PMC6559196 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent contamination of hospital surfaces and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized as major causes of healthcare‐associated infections (HAI). We recently showed that probiotic‐based sanitation (PCHS) can stably decrease surface pathogens and reduce AMR and HAIs. However, PCHS action is slow and non‐specific. By contrast, bacteriophages have been proposed as a decontamination method as they can rapidly attack specific targets, but their routine application has never been tested. Here, we analysed the feasibility and effectiveness of phage addition to PCHS sanitation, aiming to obtain a rapid and stable abatement of specific pathogens in the hospital environment. Staphylococcal contamination in the bathrooms of General Medicine wards was analysed, being those areas the most contaminated and Staphylococci the most prevalent bacteria in such settings. Results showed that a daily phage application by nebulization induced a rapid and significant decrease in Staphylococcus spp. load on treated surfaces, up to 97% more than PCHS alone (P < 0.001), suggesting that such a system might be considered as a part of prevention and control strategies, to counteract outbreaks of specific pathogens and prevent associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D'Accolti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Architecture and Department of Medical Sciences, CIAS, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Architecture and Department of Medical Sciences, CIAS, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Lanzoni
- Department of Architecture and Department of Medical Sciences, CIAS, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Bisi
- Department of Architecture and Department of Medical Sciences, CIAS, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonella Volta
- Department of Architecture and Department of Medical Sciences, CIAS, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sante Mazzacane
- Department of Architecture and Department of Medical Sciences, CIAS, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Architecture and Department of Medical Sciences, CIAS, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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66
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Azam AH, Tanji Y. Peculiarities of Staphylococcus aureus phages and their possible application in phage therapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4279-4289. [PMID: 30997551 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage has become an attractive alternative for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. For the success of phage therapy, phage host range is an important criterion when considering a candidate phage. Most reviews of S. aureus (SA) phages have focused on their impact on host evolution, especially their contribution to the spread of virulence genes and pathogenesis factors. The potential therapeutic use of SA phages, especially detailed characterizations of host recognition mechanisms, has not been extensively reviewed so far. In this report, we provide updates on the study of SA phages, focusing on host recognition mechanisms with the recent discovery of phage receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) and the possible applications of SA phages in phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aa Haeruman Azam
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tanji
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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67
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Botka T, Pantůček R, Mašlaňová I, Benešík M, Petráš P, Růžičková V, Havlíčková P, Varga M, Žemličková H, Koláčková I, Florianová M, Jakubů V, Karpíšková R, Doškař J. Lytic and genomic properties of spontaneous host-range Kayvirus mutants prove their suitability for upgrading phage therapeutics against staphylococci. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5475. [PMID: 30940900 PMCID: PMC6445280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic bacteriophages are valuable therapeutic agents against bacterial infections. There is continual effort to obtain new phages to increase the effectivity of phage preparations against emerging phage-resistant strains. Here we described the genomic diversity of spontaneous host-range mutants of kayvirus 812. Five mutant phages were isolated as rare plaques on phage-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. The host range of phage 812-derived mutants was 42% higher than the wild type, determined on a set of 186 methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains representing the globally circulating human and livestock-associated clones. Comparative genomics revealed that single-nucleotide polymorphisms from the parental phage 812 population were fixed in next-step mutants, mostly in genes for tail and baseplate components, and the acquired point mutations led to diverse receptor binding proteins in the phage mutants. Numerous genome changes associated with rearrangements between direct repeat motifs or intron loss were found. Alterations occurred in host-takeover and terminal genomic regions or the endolysin gene of mutants that exhibited the highest lytic activity, which implied various mechanisms of overcoming bacterial resistance. The genomic data revealed that Kayvirus spontaneous mutants are free from undesirable genes and their lytic properties proved their suitability for rapidly updating phage therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Botka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Pantůček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Mašlaňová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Benešík
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Petráš
- National Institute of Public Health, Praha, 100 42, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislava Růžičková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Havlíčková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Varga
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Žemličková
- National Institute of Public Health, Praha, 100 42, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Vladislav Jakubů
- National Institute of Public Health, Praha, 100 42, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiří Doškař
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
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68
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Storage stability of inhalable phage powders containing lactose at ambient conditions. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:11-18. [PMID: 30710661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the storage stability of inhalable phage powders containing lactose and leucine as excipient. As an FDA-approved excipient for inhalation, lactose is preferred over other sugars. PEV phages active against antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was spray dried with lactose (55-90%) and leucine (45-10%). Produced powders were heat-sealed in an aluminium pouch at 15% relative humidity (RH) with subsequent storage at 20 °C/60% RH for 12 months. Lactose concentration in the powder positively influenced the phage stability over time. Formulation containing 90% lactose maintained the viability of PEV61 across the study, while ∼1.2 log10 titer reduction was observed in formulations with less lactose. PEV20 was more prone to inactivation (1.7 log10 titer loss at 12-month) when lactose concentration in the particle was below 80%. The fine particle fraction (% wt. particles <5 μm in aerosol) of phage powders was 52-61% and remained the same after 12-month storage. The results demonstrate that spray dried PEV phage powders containing lactose and leucine are biologically and physically stable over long-term storage at ambient temperature. Furthermore, these spray dried phage powders were shown to be non-toxic to lung alveolar macrophage and epithelial cells in vitro.
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69
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Patey O, McCallin S, Mazure H, Liddle M, Smithyman A, Dublanchet A. Clinical Indications and Compassionate Use of Phage Therapy: Personal Experience and Literature Review with a Focus on Osteoarticular Infections. Viruses 2018; 11:E18. [PMID: 30597868 PMCID: PMC6356659 DOI: 10.3390/v11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of phage therapy started with its first clinical application in 1919 and continues its development to this day. Phages continue to lack any market approval in Western medicine as a recognized drug, but are increasingly used as an experimental therapy for the compassionate treatment of patients experiencing antibiotic failure. The few formal experimental phage clinical trials that have been completed to date have produced inconclusive results on the efficacy of phage therapy, which contradicts the many successful treatment outcomes observed in historical accounts and recent individual case reports. It would therefore be wise to identify why such a discordance exists between trials and compassionate use in order to better develop future phage treatment and clinical applications. The multitude of observations reported over the years in the literature constitutes an invaluable experience, and we add to this by presenting a number of cases of patients treated compassionately with phages throughout the past decade with a focus on osteoarticular infections. Additionally, an abundance of scientific literature into phage-related areas is transforming our knowledge base, creating a greater understanding that should be applied for future clinical applications. Due to the increasing number of treatment failures anticipatedfrom the perspective of a possible post-antibiotic era, we believe that the introduction of bacteriophages into the therapeutic arsenal seems a scientifically sound and eminently practicable consideration today as a substitute or adjuvant to antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Patey
- Service of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, CHI Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, 94190 Villeneuve Saint Georges, France.
| | - Shawna McCallin
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine DAL, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois CHUV, Service of Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery, Regenerative Therapy Unit (UTR), CHUV-EPCR/Croisettes 22, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Hubert Mazure
- HGM Consultants, 63 Rebecca Parade, Winston Hills, NSW 2153, Australia.
| | - Max Liddle
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Anthony Smithyman
- Cellabs Pty Ltd, and Founder Special Phage Services Pty Ltd, both of 7/27 Dale St, Brookvale, NSW 2100, Australia.
| | - Alain Dublanchet
- Service of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, CHI Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, 94190 Villeneuve Saint Georges, France.
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70
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Trend S, Chang BJ, O'Dea M, Stick SM, Kicic A. Use of a Primary Epithelial Cell Screening Tool to Investigate Phage Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1330. [PMID: 30546305 PMCID: PMC6280614 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant microbes are an increasing threat to human health. In cystic fibrosis (CF), airway infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa remain a key driver of lung damage. With few new antibiotics on the development horizon, alternative therapeutic approaches are needed against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Phage therapy, or the use of viruses that infect bacteria, is one proposed novel therapy to treat bacterial infections. However, the airways are complex microenvironments with unique characteristics that may affect the success of novel therapies. Here, three phages of P. aeruginosa (E79, F116, and one novel clinically derived isolate, designated P5) were screened for activity against 21 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from children with CF. Of these, phage E79 showed broad antibacterial activity (91% of tested strains sensitive) and was selected for further assessment. E79 genomic DNA was extracted, sequenced, and confirmed to contain no bacterial pathogenicity genes. High titre phage preparations were then purified using ion-exchange column chromatography and depleted of bacterial endotoxin. Primary airway epithelial cells derived from children with CF (n = 8, age range 0.2–5.5 years, 5 males) or healthy non-CF controls (n = 8, age range 2.5–4.0 years, 4 males) were then exposed to purified phage for 48 h. Levels of inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 cytokine production were measured in culture supernatant by immunoassays and the extent of cellular apoptosis was measured using a ssDNA kit. Cytokine and apoptosis levels were compared between E79-stimulated and unstimulated controls, and, encouragingly, purified preparations of E79 did not stimulate any significant inflammatory cytokine responses or induce apoptosis in primary epithelial cells derived from children with or without CF. Collectively, this study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing pre-clinical in vitro culture models to screen therapeutic candidates, and the potential of E79 as a therapeutic phage candidate in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Trend
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Barbara J Chang
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark O'Dea
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia.,Occupation and the Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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71
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Phage therapy against Achromobacter xylosoxidans lung infection in a patient with cystic fibrosis: a case report. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:540-542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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72
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Rohde C, Wittmann J, Kutter E. Bacteriophages: A Therapy Concept against Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2018; 19:737-744. [PMID: 30256176 PMCID: PMC6302670 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2018.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that kill bacteria specifically but cannot infect other kinds of organisms. They have attracted new attention since the increasing antibiotic resistance developed into a global crisis. Phage therapy, a 100-year-old form of antibacterial treatment in medicine, is gaining momentum because phages represent a therapy concept without such negative side effects as toxicity; phages are the only therapeutic agent that regulates itself at the sites of infection and decays when the infectious bacteria have been killed. Nature is an almost infinite phage resource: New ones can be isolated for most kinds of problem bacteria as needed; bacteria and their phages constantly co-evolve. This is important as new pathogenic bacterial variants evolve and new challenging situations arise. In human therapy, "cocktails" of multiple phages may reduce the probability of selecting bacteria that developed resistance to a certain phage. Antibiotic agents can be applied together with phages in many circumstances; the two often function synergistically. Phages cannot be expected to replace antibiotic agents in our medical arsenal, but can be used where antibiotic agents fail. The selected phages, however, must be obligately virulent, well-characterized, and highly purified before application. Countless patients and their physicians are waiting for re-establishing phage therapy as a flexible, tailored medicine; infrastructures should be built in all countries urgently: The 2015 World Health Organization assembly resolution 68.7.3. called for national action plans by May 2017 to combat the antimicrobial drug resistance crisis. This article discusses the therapeutic potential of phages and describes challenges and recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rohde
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johannes Wittmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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73
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Fish R, Kutter E, Bryan D, Wheat G, Kuhl S. Resolving Digital Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis Using Bacteriophage-A Case Report. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:antibiotics7040087. [PMID: 30279396 PMCID: PMC6316425 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections involving diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a major public health problem and have a substantial negative impact on patient outcomes. Osteomyelitis in an ulcerated foot substantially increases the difficulty of successful treatment. While literature suggests that osteomyelitis in selected patients can sometimes be treated conservatively, with no, or minimal removal of bone, we do not yet have clear treatment guidelines and the standard treatment failure fallback remains amputation. The authors report on the successful treatment, with a long term follow up, of a 63 YO diabetic female with distal phalangeal osteomyelitis using bacteriophage, a form of treatment offering the potential for improved outcomes in this era of escalating antibiotic resistance and the increasingly recognized harms associated with antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph Fish
- PhageBiotics Research Foundation and Grays Harbor Community Hospital, Aberdeen, WA 98520, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Kutter
- PhageBiotics Research Foundation, The Evergreen State College, 2700 Evergreen Parkway NW, Olympia, WA 98505, USA.
| | - Daniel Bryan
- PhageBiotics Research Foundation, The Evergreen State College, 2700 Evergreen Parkway NW, Olympia, WA 98505, USA.
| | - Gordon Wheat
- PhageBiotics Research Foundation, Saint Peter Hospital Family Medicine Residency, Olympia, WA 98505, USA.
| | - Sarah Kuhl
- VA Northern California, Muir Road, Martinez CA, USA.
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74
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Bacteriophage Sb-1 enhances antibiotic activity against biofilm, degrades exopolysaccharide matrix and targets persisters of Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:842-853. [PMID: 30236955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most antibiotics have limited or no activity against bacterial biofilms, whereas bacteriophages can eradicate biofilms. We evaluated whether Staphylococcus aureus-specific bacteriophage Sb-1 could eradicate biofilm, both alone and in combination with different classes of antibiotics, degrade the extracellular matrix and target persister cells. Biofilm of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300 was treated with Sb-1 alone or in (simultaneous or staggered) combination with fosfomycin, rifampin, vancomycin, daptomycin or ciprofloxacin. The matrix was visualized by confocal fluorescent microscopy. Persister cells were treated with 104 and 107 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL Sb-1 for 3 h in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), followed by colony-forming units (CFU) counting. Alternatively, bacteria were washed and incubated in fresh brain heart infusion (BHI) medium and bacterial growth assessed after a further 24 h. Pretreatment with Sb-1 followed by the administration of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotic caused a synergistic effect in eradicating MRSA biofilm. Sb-1 determined a dose-dependent reduction of matrix exopolysaccharide. Sb-1 at 107 PFU/mL showed direct killing activity on ≈ 5 × 105 CFU/mL persisters. However, even a lower titer had lytic activity when phage-treated persister cells were inoculated in fresh medium, reverting to a normal-growing phenotype. This study provides valuable data on the enhancing effect of Sb-1 on antibiotic efficacy, exhibiting specific antibiofilm features. Sb-1 can degrade the MRSA polysaccharide matrix and target persister cells and is therefore suitable for treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
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75
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McCallin S, Sarker SA, Sultana S, Oechslin F, Brüssow H. Metagenome analysis of Russian and Georgian Pyophage cocktails and a placebo-controlled safety trial of single phage versus phage cocktail in healthy Staphylococcus aureus carriers. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3278-3293. [PMID: 30051571 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy is a commonly used treatment for Staphylococcus aureus infections in countries of the former Soviet Union, using both single phages and phage cocktails. The scarce data available on Eastern phage cocktails prompted an investigation into commercially-available Pyophage cocktails from two different manufacturers used to treat skin and wound infections. Comparison of the metagenomic composition of two Pyophage products from Georgia and Russia revealed substantial differences in phage-types targeting Escherichia, Enterococcus, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus, therefore indicating multiple strategies for composing phage cocktails against these bacterial pathogens. Closely-related Kayvirus-like Myoviruses were, however, a shared component against S. aureus within all products, except for the inclusion of a secondary S. aureus Podovirus in one Microgen cocktail. Metagenomic analysis also revealed the presence of several probable prophage sequences but detected no genetic safety risks in terms of virulence factors or antibiotic resistance genes. The safety of broad-spectrum cocktails was tested by comparing the effects of nasal and oral exposure to Eliava Pyophage, a monospecies counterpart and placebo in healthy human carriers of S. aureus. The lack of adverse effects in any treatment groups supports the clinical safety of S. aureus phages administered as a single phage or as phage cocktail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna McCallin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shafiqul A Sarker
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shamima Sultana
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Frank Oechslin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harald Brüssow
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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76
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Morozova VV, Vlassov VV, Tikunova NV. Applications of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Localized Infections in Humans. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1696. [PMID: 30116226 PMCID: PMC6083058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a global threat, and phage therapy may to be used as an alternative to antibiotics or, at least, as a supplementary approach to treatment of some bacterial infections. Here, we describe the results of bacteriophage application in clinical practice for the treatment of localized infections in wounds, burns, and trophic ulcers, including diabetic foot ulcers. This mini-review includes data from various studies available in English, as well as serial case reports published in Russian scientific literature (with, at least, abstracts accessible in English). Since, it would be impossible to describe all historical Russian publications; we focused on publications included clear data on dosage and rout of phage administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera V. Morozova
- Laboratory of Molecular MicrobiologyInstitute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
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77
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Chang RYK, Wallin M, Lin Y, Leung SSY, Wang H, Morales S, Chan HK. Phage therapy for respiratory infections. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 133:76-86. [PMID: 30096336 PMCID: PMC6226339 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A respiratory infection caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be life-threatening. In recent years, there has been tremendous effort put towards therapeutic application of bacteriophages (phages) as an alternative or supplementary treatment option over conventional antibiotics. Phages are natural parasitic viruses of bacteria that can kill the bacterial host, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Inhaled phage therapy involves the development of stable phage formulations suitable for inhalation delivery followed by preclinical and clinical studies for assessment of efficacy, pharmacokinetics and safety. We presented an overview of recent advances in phage formulation for inhalation delivery and their efficacy in acute and chronic rodent respiratory infection models. We have reviewed and presented on the prospects of inhaled phage therapy as a complementary treatment option with current antibiotics and as a preventative means. Inhaled phage therapy has the potential to transform the prevention and treatment of bacterial respiratory infections, including those caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Wallin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yu Lin
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sharon Sui Yee Leung
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sandra Morales
- AmpliPhi Biosciences AU, Brookvale, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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78
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Antimicrobial effect of commercial phage preparation Stafal® on biofilm and planktonic forms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 64:121-126. [PMID: 29923129 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus may be a highly virulent human pathogen, especially when it is able to form a biofilm, and it is resistant to antibiotic. Infections caused by these bacteria significantly affect morbidity and mortality, primarily in hospitalized patients. Treatment becomes more expensive, more toxic, and prolonged. This is the reason why research on alternative therapies should be one of the main priorities of medicine and biotechnology. A promising alternative treatment approach is bacteriophage therapy. The effect of the anti-staphylococcal bacteriophage preparation Stafal® on biofilm reduction was assessed on nine S. aureus strains using both sonication with subsequent quantification of surviving cells on the catheter surface and evaluation of biofilm reduction in microtiter plates. It was demonstrated that the bacteriophages destroy planktonic cells very effectively. However, to destroy cells embedded in the biofilm effectively requires a concentration at least ten times higher than that provided by the commercial preparation. The catheter disc method (CDM) allowed easier comparison of the effect on planktonic cells and cells in a biofilm than the microtiter plate (MTP) method.
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79
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80
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Ajuebor J, Buttimer C, Arroyo-Moreno S, Chanishvili N, Gabriel EM, O'Mahony J, McAuliffe O, Neve H, Franz C, Coffey A. Comparison of Staphylococcus Phage K with Close Phage Relatives Commonly Employed in Phage Therapeutics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:E37. [PMID: 29693603 PMCID: PMC6022877 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a public health danger requiring alternative treatment options, and this has led to renewed interest in phage therapy. In this respect, we describe the distinct host ranges of Staphylococcus phage K, and two other K-like phages against 23 isolates, including 21 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) representative sequence types representing the Irish National MRSA Reference Laboratory collection. The two K-like phages were isolated from the Fersisi therapeutic phage mix from the Tbilisi Eliava Institute, and were designated B1 (vB_SauM_B1) and JA1 (vB_SauM_JA1). The sequence relatedness of B1 and JA1 to phage K was observed to be 95% and 94% respectively. In terms of host range on the 23 Staphylococcus isolates, B1 and JA1 infected 73.9% and 78.2% respectively, whereas K infected only 43.5%. Eleven open reading frames (ORFs) present in both phages B1 and JA1 but absent in phage K were identified by comparative genomic analysis. These ORFs were also found to be present in the genomes of phages (Team 1, vB_SauM-fRuSau02, Sb_1 and ISP) that are components of several commercial phage mixtures with reported wide host ranges. This is the first comparative study of therapeutic staphylococcal phages within the recently described genus Kayvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Ajuebor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork T12 P928, UK.
| | - Colin Buttimer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork T12 P928, UK.
| | - Sara Arroyo-Moreno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork T12 P928, UK.
| | - Nina Chanishvili
- Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia.
| | - Emma M Gabriel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork T12 P928, UK.
| | - Jim O'Mahony
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork T12 P928, UK.
| | - Olivia McAuliffe
- Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Cork P61 C996, UK.
| | - Horst Neve
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, DE-24103 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Charles Franz
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, DE-24103 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork T12 P928, UK.
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College, Cork T12 YT20, UK.
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81
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Štveráková D, Šedo O, Benešík M, Zdráhal Z, Doškař J, Pantůček R. Rapid Identification of Intact Staphylococcal Bacteriophages Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040176. [PMID: 29617332 PMCID: PMC5923470 DOI: 10.3390/v10040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major causative agent of infections associated with hospital environments, where antibiotic-resistant strains have emerged as a significant threat. Phage therapy could offer a safe and effective alternative to antibiotics. Phage preparations should comply with quality and safety requirements; therefore, it is important to develop efficient production control technologies. This study was conducted to develop and evaluate a rapid and reliable method for identifying staphylococcal bacteriophages, based on detecting their specific proteins using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling that is among the suggested methods for meeting the regulations of pharmaceutical authorities. Five different phage purification techniques were tested in combination with two MALDI-TOF MS matrices. Phages, either purified by CsCl density gradient centrifugation or as resuspended phage pellets, yielded mass spectra with the highest information value if ferulic acid was used as the MALDI matrix. Phage tail and capsid proteins yielded the strongest signals whereas the culture conditions had no effect on mass spectral quality. Thirty-seven phages from Myoviridae, Siphoviridae or Podoviridae families were analysed, including 23 siphophages belonging to the International Typing Set for human strains of S. aureus, as well as phages in preparations produced by Microgen, Bohemia Pharmaceuticals and MB Pharma. The data obtained demonstrate that MALDI-TOF MS can be used to effectively distinguish between Staphylococcus-specific bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Štveráková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Šedo
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Benešík
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Doškař
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Pantůček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
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82
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Abstract
For phage therapy-the treatment of bacterial infections using bacterial viruses-a key issue is the conflict between apparent ease of clinical application, on the one hand, and on the other hand, numerous difficulties that can be associated with undertaking preclinical development. These conflicts between achieving efficacy in the real world versus rigorously understanding that efficacy should not be surprising because equivalent conflicts have been observed in applied biology for millennia: exploiting the inherent, holistic tendencies of useful systems, e.g., of dairy cows, inevitably is easier than modeling those systems or maintaining effectiveness while reducing such systems to isolated parts. Trial and error alone, in other words, can be a powerful means toward technological development. Undertaking trial and error-based programs, especially in the clinic, nonetheless is highly dependent on those technologies possessing both inherent safety and intrinsic tendencies toward effectiveness, but in this modern era we tend to forget that ideally there would exist antibacterials which could be thus developed, that is, with tendencies toward both safety and effectiveness, and which are even relatively inexpensive. Consequently, we tend to demand rigor as well as expense of development even to the point of potentially squandering such utility, were it to exist. In this review I lay out evidence that in phage therapy such potential, in fact, does exist. Advancement of phage therapy unquestionably requires effective regulation as well as rigorous demonstration of efficacy, but after nearly 100 years of clinical practice, perhaps not as much emphasis on strictly laboratory-based proof of principle.
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83
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Hua Y, Luo T, Yang Y, Dong D, Wang R, Wang Y, Xu M, Guo X, Hu F, He P. Phage Therapy as a Promising New Treatment for Lung Infection Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2659. [PMID: 29375524 PMCID: PMC5767256 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) which is noted as a major pathogen associated with healthcare-associated infections has steadily developed beyond antibiotic control. Lytic bacteriophages with the characteristics of infecting and lysing specific bacteria have been used as a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics to solve multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Here, we isolated A. baumannii-specific lytic phages and evaluated their potential therapeutic effect against lung infection caused by CRAB clinical strains. The combined lysis spectrum of four lytic phages' ranges was 87.5% (42 of 48) against CRAB clinical isolates. Genome sequence and analysis indicated that phage SH-Ab15519 is a novel phage which does not contain the virulence or antibiotic resistance genes. In vivo study indicated that phage SH-Ab15519 administered intranasally can effectively rescue mice from lethal A. baumannii lung infection without deleterious side effects. Our work explores the potential use of phages as an alternative therapeutic agent against the lung infection caused by CRAB strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfen Hua
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengsha Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fupin Hu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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84
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Abstract
Correctly designed bacteriophage therapeutics are the cornerstone for a successful outcome of bacteriophage therapy. Here we overview strategies on how to choose bacteriophages and their bacterial hosts at different steps of a bacteriophage cocktail development in order to comply with all quality and safety requirements based on the already existing essentially empirical experience in bacteriophage therapy and current accomplishments in modern biomedical sciences. A modification of the classic Appelmans' method (1922) to assess stability of bacteriophage activity in liquid media is presented in order to improve the overall performance of therapeutic bacteriophages individually and collectively in the cocktail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Merabishvili
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, Brussels, 1120, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, Brussels, 1120, Belgium
| | - Daniel De Vos
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, Brussels, 1120, Belgium
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85
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Compassionate Use of Bacteriophage Therapy for Foot Ulcer Treatment as an Effective Step for Moving Toward Clinical Trials. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1693:159-170. [PMID: 29119440 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7395-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We here present detailed descriptions of successful treatment of a series of diabetic toe ulcers using the Eliava BioPreparations' commercial preparation of the very well-studied anti-staphylococcal bacteriophage Sb-1. This chapter outlines what we feel is an appropriate mechanism to speed movement toward full-scale clinical trials with bacteriophage use to treat wound infections and to help address the crisis in antibiotic resistance.
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86
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Brüssow H. Phage therapy for the treatment of human intestinal bacterial infections: soon to be a reality? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11:785-788. [PMID: 28612636 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1342534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Brüssow
- a Nestlé Research Center, Gut Ecosystem Department , Host-Microbe Interaction Group , Lausanne , Switzerland
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87
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Role of SH3b binding domain in a natural deletion mutant of Kayvirus endolysin LysF1 with a broad range of lytic activity. Virus Genes 2017; 54:130-139. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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88
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Trend S, Fonceca AM, Ditcham WG, Kicic A, Cf A. The potential of phage therapy in cystic fibrosis: Essential human-bacterial-phage interactions and delivery considerations for use in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected airways. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 16:663-670. [PMID: 28720345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As antimicrobial-resistant microbes become increasingly common and a significant global issue, novel approaches to treating these infections particularly in those at high risk are required. This is evident in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), who suffer from chronic airway infection caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, typically Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One option is bacteriophage (phage) therapy, which utilises the natural predation of phage viruses upon their host bacteria. This review summarises the essential and unique aspects of the phage-microbe-human lung interactions in CF that must be addressed to successfully develop and deliver phage to CF airways. The current evidence regarding phage biology, phage-bacterial interactions, potential airway immune responses to phages, previous use of phages in humans and method of phage delivery to the lung are also summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Trend
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Angela M Fonceca
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - William G Ditcham
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth 6001, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Arest Cf
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth 6001, Western Australia, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, 3052 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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89
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Zhvania P, Hoyle NS, Nadareishvili L, Nizharadze D, Kutateladze M. Phage Therapy in a 16-Year-Old Boy with Netherton Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:94. [PMID: 28717637 PMCID: PMC5494523 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by a classical triad of clinical features, including congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, trichorrhexis invaginata, and atopic diathesis coupled with frequent bacterial infections (1). The genetic basis for the disease has been recently identified with mutations in gene SPINK5, which is involved in the regulation of formation of skin barriers. We report on a 16-year-old male with all the typical manifestations of NS, including atopic diathesis and ongoing serious staphylococcal infections and allergy to multiple antibiotics whose family sought help at the Eliava Phage Therapy Center when all other treatment options were failing. Treatment with several antistaphylococcal bacteriophage preparations led to significant improvement within 7 days and very substantial changes in his symptoms and quality of life after treatment for 6 months, including return visits to the Eliava Phage Therapy Center after 3 and 6 months of ongoing use of phage at home.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mzia Kutateladze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia
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90
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Cui Z, Guo X, Dong K, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhu Y, Zeng L, Tang R, Li L. Safety assessment of Staphylococcus phages of the family Myoviridae based on complete genome sequences. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41259. [PMID: 28117392 PMCID: PMC5259776 DOI: 10.1038/srep41259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus phages of the Myoviridae family have a wide host range and potential applications in phage therapy. In this report, safety assessments of these phages were conducted based on their complete genome sequences. The complete genomes of Staphylococcus phages of the Myoviridae family were analyzed, and the Open Reading Frame (ORFs) were compared with a pool of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes using the BLAST algorithm. In addition, the lifestyle of the phages (virulent or temperate) was also confirmed using PHACTS. The results showed that all phages were lytic and did not contain resistance or virulence genes based on bioinformatic analyses, excluding the possibility that they could be vectors for the dissemination of these undesirable genes. These findings suggest that the phages are safe at the genome level. The SceD-like transglycosylase, which is a biomarker for vancomycin-intermediate strains, was widely distributed in the phage genomes. Approximately 70% of the ORFs encoded in the phage genomes have unknown functions; therefore, their roles in the antibiotic resistance and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus are still unknown and require consideration before use in phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qingtian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yongzhang Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
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91
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Szafrański SP, Winkel A, Stiesch M. The use of bacteriophages to biocontrol oral biofilms. J Biotechnol 2017; 250:29-44. [PMID: 28108235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infections induced by oral biofilms include caries, as well as periodontal, and peri-implant disease, and may influence quality of life, systemic health, and expenditure. As bacterial biofilms are highly resistant and resilient to conventional antibacterial therapy, it has been difficult to combat these infections. An innovative alternative to the biocontrol of oral biofilms could be to use bacteriophages or phages, the viruses of bacteria, which are specific, non-toxic, self-proliferating, and can penetrate into biofilms. Phages for Actinomyces naeslundii, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Lactobacillus spp., Neisseria spp., Streptococcus spp., and Veillonella spp. have been isolated and characterised. Recombinant phage enzymes (lysins) have been shown to lyse A. naeslundii and Streptococcus spp. However, only a tiny fraction of available phages and their lysins have been explored so far. The unique properties of phages and their lysins make them promising but challenging antimicrobials. The genetics and biology of phages have to be further explored in order to determine the most effective way of applying them. Studying the effect of phages and lysins on multispecies biofilms should pave the way for microbiota engineering and microbiota-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon P Szafrański
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Andreas Winkel
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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92
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Kusradze I, Karumidze N, Rigvava S, Dvalidze T, Katsitadze M, Amiranashvili I, Goderdzishvili M. Characterization and Testing the Efficiency of Acinetobacter baumannii Phage vB-GEC_Ab-M-G7 as an Antibacterial Agent. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1590. [PMID: 27757110 PMCID: PMC5047890 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative, non-motile bacterium that, due to its multidrug resistance, has become a major nosocomial pathogen. The increasing number of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains has renewed interest in phage therapy. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of phage administration in Acinetobacter baumannii wound infections in an animal model to demonstrate phage therapy as non-toxic, safe and alternative antibacterial remedy. Using classical methods for the study of bacteriophage properties, we characterized phage vB-GEC_Ab-M-G7 as a dsDNA myovirus with a 90 kb genome size. Important characteristics of vB-GEC_Ab-M-G7include a short latent period and large burst size, wide host range, resistance to chloroform and thermal and pH stability. In a rat wound model, phage application effectively decreased the number of bacteria isolated from the wounds of successfully treated animals. This study highlights the effectiveness of the phage therapy and provides further insight into treating infections caused by MDR strains using phage administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ia Kusradze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Natia Karumidze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sophio Rigvava
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Teona Dvalidze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and VirologyTbilisi, Georgia; Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State UniversityTbilisi, Georgia
| | - Malkhaz Katsitadze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
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93
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Fish R, Kutter E, Wheat G, Blasdel B, Kutateladze M, Kuhl S. Bacteriophage treatment of intransigent diabetic toe ulcers: a case series. J Wound Care 2016. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2016.25.sup7.s27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Fish
- Wound Centers at St Joseph's Medical Center, Tacoma, and Gray's Harbor Community Hospital, Aberdeen, WA and PhageBiotics Research Foundation
| | - E. Kutter
- The Evergreen State College, 2700 Evergreen Parkway NW, Olympia, WA and PhageBiotics Research Foundation
| | - G. Wheat
- Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Saint Peter Hospital Family Medicine Residency, 3324 Sunset Beach Dr. Olympia, WA and PhageBiotics Research Foundation
| | - B. Blasdel
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21 - box 2462, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Kutateladze
- George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology - 3, Gotua str., Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - S. Kuhl
- VA Northern California, 150 Muir Road, Martinez CA 94553, and Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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94
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Abedon ST. Phage therapy of pulmonary infections. BACTERIOPHAGE 2015; 5:e1020260. [PMID: 26442188 PMCID: PMC4422798 DOI: 10.1080/21597081.2015.1020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
It is generally agreed that a bacteriophage-associated phenomenon was first unambiguously observed one-hundred years ago with the findings of Twort in 1915. This was independently followed by complementary observations by d'Hérelle in 1917. D'Hérelle's appreciation of the bacteriophage phenomenon appears to have directly led to the development of phages as antibacterial agents within a variety of contexts, including medical and agricultural. Phage use to combat nuisance bacteria appears to be especially useful where targets are sufficiently problematic, suitably bactericidal phages exist, and alternative approaches are lacking in effectiveness, availability, safety, or cost effectiveness, etc. Phage development as antibacterial agents has been strongest particularly when antibiotics have been less available or useful, e.g., such as in the treatment of chronic infections by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. One relatively under-explored or at least not highly reported use of phages as therapeutic agents has been to combat bacterial infections of the lungs and associated tissues. These infections are diverse in terms of their etiologies, manifestations, and also in terms of potential strategies of phage delivery. Here I review the literature considering the phage therapy of pulmonary and pulmonary-related infections, with emphasis on reports of clinical treatment along with experimental treatment of pulmonary infections using animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Abedon
- Department of Microbiology; The Ohio State University ; Mansfield, OH USA
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95
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Tevdoradze E, Kvachadze L, Kutateladze M, Stewart CR. Bactericidal genes of Staphylococcal bacteriophage Sb-1. Curr Microbiol 2014; 68:204-10. [PMID: 24077954 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage genes offer a potential resource for development of new antibiotics. Here, we identify at least six genes of Staphylococcus aureus phage Sb-1 that have bactericidal activity when expressed in Escherichia coli. Since the natural host is gram-positive, and E. coli is gram-negative, it is likely that a variety of quite different bacterial pathogens would be susceptible to each of these bactericidal activities, which therefore might serve as the basis for development of new wide-spectrum antibiotics. We show that two of these gene products target E. coli protein synthesis.
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96
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El Haddad L, Ben Abdallah N, Plante PL, Dumaresq J, Katsarava R, Labrie S, Corbeil J, St-Gelais D, Moineau S. Improving the safety of Staphylococcus aureus polyvalent phages by their production on a Staphylococcus xylosus strain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102600. [PMID: 25061757 PMCID: PMC4111496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Team1 (vB_SauM_Team1) is a polyvalent staphylococcal phage belonging to the Myoviridae family. Phage Team1 was propagated on a Staphylococcus aureus strain and a non-pathogenic Staphylococcus xylosus strain used in industrial meat fermentation. The two Team1 preparations were compared with respect to their microbiological and genomic properties. The burst sizes, latent periods, and host ranges of the two derivatives were identical as were their genome sequences. Phage Team1 has 140,903 bp of double stranded DNA encoding for 217 open reading frames and 4 tRNAs. Comparative genomic analysis revealed similarities to staphylococcal phages ISP (97%) and G1 (97%). The host range of Team1 was compared to the well-known polyvalent staphylococcal phages phi812 and K using a panel of 57 S. aureus strains collected from various sources. These bacterial strains were found to represent 18 sequence types (MLST) and 14 clonal complexes (eBURST). Altogether, the three phages propagated on S. xylosus lysed 52 out of 57 distinct strains of S. aureus. The identification of phage-insensitive strains underlines the importance of designing phage cocktails with broadly varying and overlapping host ranges. Taken altogether, our study suggests that some staphylococcal phages can be propagated on food-grade bacteria for biocontrol and safety purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn El Haddad
- Département de biochimie et de microbiologie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nour Ben Abdallah
- Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Pier-Luc Plante
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeannot Dumaresq
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu de Lévis, Lévis, Québec, Canada
| | - Ramaz Katsarava
- Institute of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Agricultural University of Georgia, University Campus at Digomi, Tbilsi, Georgia
| | - Steve Labrie
- Département des sciences des aliments et de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre/Institute of nutrition and functional foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Corbeil
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel St-Gelais
- Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Département des sciences des aliments et de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre/Institute of nutrition and functional foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Moineau
- Département de biochimie et de microbiologie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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97
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Barylski J, Nowicki G, Goździcka-Józefiak A. The discovery of phiAGATE, a novel phage infecting Bacillus pumilus, leads to new insights into the phylogeny of the subfamily Spounavirinae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86632. [PMID: 24466180 PMCID: PMC3900605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus phage phiAGATE is a novel myovirus isolated from the waters of Lake Góreckie (a eutrophic lake in western Poland). The bacteriophage infects Bacillus pumilus, a bacterium commonly observed in the mentioned reservoir. Analysis of the phiAGATE genome (149844 base pairs) resulted in 204 predicted protein-coding sequences (CDSs), of which 53 could be functionally annotated. Further investigation revealed that the bacteriophage is a member of a previously undescribed cluster of phages (for the purposes of this study we refer to it as "Bastille group") within the Spounavirinae subfamily. Here we demonstrate that these viruses constitute a distinct branch of the Spounavirinae phylogenetic tree, with limited similarity to phages from the Twortlikevirus and Spounalikevirus genera. The classification of phages from the Bastille group into any currently accepted genus proved extremely difficult, prompting concerns about the validity of the present taxonomic arrangement of the subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Barylski
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Nowicki
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Goździcka-Józefiak
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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98
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Debarbieux L, Saussereau E, Maura D. [Phagotherapy: a nightmare for bacteria, a dream for physicians?]. Biol Aujourdhui 2013; 207:181-90. [PMID: 24330971 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2013017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages were discovered in the early 20th century and rapidly used to treat bacterial infections in humans. As the first specific antibacterial agents, they were used worldwide until antibiotics ramped up. Thereafter, rapidly forgotten, they became the favorite toolbox for researchers that used them to elucidate some of the most fundamental aspects of the cellular life at the molecular level. Today, facing the threat of antibiotic resistant bacteria, bacteriophages are being reconsidered for their use in medicine. During the past century, knowledge on bacteriophages has improved considerably, nevertheless phage therapy is still in its infancy. Taking two examples of recently published experimental phage therapy results, this article summarizes the hopes but also the challenges that surround the future development of human phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Debarbieux
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Emilie Saussereau
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Microbiologie, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Damien Maura
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114 Massachusetts, USA - Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114 Massachusetts, USA - Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, 02114 Massachusetts, USA
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99
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Hoe S, Semler DD, Goudie AD, Lynch KH, Matinkhoo S, Finlay WH, Dennis JJ, Vehring R. Respirable Bacteriophages for the Treatment of Bacterial Lung Infections. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2013; 26:317-35. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2012.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada
| | - Diana D. Semler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Amanda D. Goudie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Karlene H. Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Sadaf Matinkhoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada
| | - Warren H. Finlay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada
| | - Jonathan J. Dennis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Reinhard Vehring
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada
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100
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Genomic and phylogenetic traits of Staphylococcus phages S25-3 and S25-4 (family Myoviridae, genus Twort-like viruses). ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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