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Miller JV, LeBouf RF, Kelly KA, Michalovicz LT, Ranpara A, Locker AR, Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP. The Neuroinflammatory Phenotype in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness is Unrelated to Brain Regional Levels of Acetylcholine as Measured by Quantitative HILIC-UPLC-MS/MS. Toxicol Sci 2019; 165:302-313. [PMID: 29846716 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many veterans of the 1991 Persian Gulf War (GW) returned with a chronic multisymptom illness that has been termed Gulf War Illness (GWI). Previous GWI studies have suggested that exposure to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) in theater, such as sarin and/or pesticides, may have contributed to the symptomatology of GWI. Additionally, concomitant high physiological stress experienced during the war may have contributed to the initiation of the GWI phenotype. Although inhibition of AChE leading to accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) will activate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, the signature symptomatology of GWI has been shown to be associated with neuroinflammation. To investigate the relationship between ACh and neuroinflammation in discrete brain regions, we used our previously established mouse model of GWI, which combines an exposure to a high physiological stress mimic, corticosterone (CORT), with GW-relevant AChEIs. The AChEIs used in this study were diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO), and physostigmine (PHY). After AChEI exposure, ACh concentrations for cortex (CTX), hippocampus (HIP), and striatum (STR) were determined using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry (MS/MS). CORT pretreatment ameliorated the DFP-induced ACh increase in HIP and STR, but not CTX. CORT pretreatment did not significantly alter ACh levels for CPO and PHY. Further analysis of STR neuroinflammatory biomarkers revealed an exacerbated CORT + AChEI response, which does not correspond to measured brain ACh. By utilizing this new analytical method for discrete brain region analysis of ACh, this work suggests the exacerbated neuroinflammatory effects in our mouse model of GWI are not driven by the accumulation of brain region-specific ACh.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan F LeBouf
- Respiratory Health Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
| | | | | | - Anand Ranpara
- Respiratory Health Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505
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Michalovicz LT, Kelly KA, Vashishtha S, Ben‐Hamo R, Efroni S, Miller JV, Locker AR, Sullivan K, Broderick G, Miller DB, O’Callaghan JP. Astrocyte-specific transcriptome analysis using the ALDH1L1 bacTRAP mouse reveals novel biomarkers of astrogliosis in response to neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 2019; 150:420-440. [PMID: 31222732 PMCID: PMC6771645 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxicology is hampered by the inability to predict regional and cellular targets of toxicant-induced damage. Evaluating astrogliosis overcomes this problem because reactive astrocytes highlight the location of toxicant-induced damage. While enhanced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein is a hallmark of astrogliosis, few other biomarkers have been identified. However, bacterial artificial chromosome - translating ribosome affinity purification (bacTRAP) technology allows for characterization of the actively translating transcriptome of a particular cell type; use of this technology in aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 (ALDH1L1) bacTRAP mice can identify genes selectively expressed in astrocytes. The aim of this study was to characterize additional biomarkers of neurotoxicity-induced astrogliosis using ALDH1L1 bacTRAP mice. The known dopaminergic neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; 12.5 mg/kg s.c.) was used to induce astrogliosis. Striatal tissue was obtained 12, 24, and 48 h following exposure for the isolation of actively translating RNA. Subsequently, MPTP-induced changes in this RNA pool were analyzed by microarray and 184 statistically significant, differentially expressed genes were identified. The dataset was interrogated by gene ontology, pathway, and co-expression network analyses, which identified novel genes, as well as those with known immune and inflammatory functions. Using these analyses, we were directed to several genes associated with reactive astrocytes. Of these, TIMP1 and miR-147 were identified as candidate biomarkers because of their robust increased expression following both MPTP and trimethyl tin exposures. Thus, we have demonstrated that bacTRAP can be used to identify new biomarkers of astrogliosis and aid in the characterization of astrocyte phenotypes induced by toxicant exposures. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14518.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay T. Michalovicz
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Kimberly A. Kelly
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Saurabh Vashishtha
- Center for Clinical Systems BiologyRochester General Hospital Research InstituteRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Rotem Ben‐Hamo
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Sol Efroni
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Julie V. Miller
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Alicia R. Locker
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | | | - Gordon Broderick
- Center for Clinical Systems BiologyRochester General Hospital Research InstituteRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Diane B. Miller
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - James P. O’Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
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Guignet M, Lein PJ. Neuroinflammation in organophosphate-induced neurotoxicity. ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Michalovicz LT, Locker AR, Kelly KA, Miller JV, Barnes Z, Fletcher MA, Miller DB, Klimas NG, Morris M, Lasley SM, O'Callaghan JP. Corticosterone and pyridostigmine/DEET exposure attenuate peripheral cytokine expression: Supporting a dominant role for neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness. Neurotoxicology 2019; 70:26-32. [PMID: 30339781 PMCID: PMC6533534 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic multi-symptom disorder experienced by as many as a third of the veterans of the 1991 Gulf War; the constellation of "sickness behavior" symptoms observed in ill veterans is suggestive of a neuroimmune involvement. Various chemical exposures and conditions in theater have been implicated in the etiology of the illness. Previously, we found that GW-related organophosphates (OPs), such as the sarin surrogate, DFP, and chlorpyrifos, cause neuroinflammation. The combination of these exposures with exogenous corticosterone (CORT), mimicking high physiological stress, exacerbates the observed neuroinflammation. The potential relationship between the effects of OPs and CORT on the brain versus inflammation in the periphery has not been explored. Here, using our established GWI mouse model, we investigated the effects of CORT and DFP exposure, with or without a chronic application of pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), on cytokines in the liver and serum. While CORT primed DFP-induced neuroinflammation, this effect was largely absent in the periphery. Moreover, the changes found in the peripheral tissues do not correlate with the previously reported neuroinflammation. These results not only support GWI as a neuroimmune disorder, but also highlight the separation between central and peripheral effects of these exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay T Michalovicz
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Alicia R Locker
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kimberly A Kelly
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Julie V Miller
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Zachary Barnes
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA; Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mary Ann Fletcher
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA; Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diane B Miller
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Nancy G Klimas
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA; Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mariana Morris
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Stephen M Lasley
- Department of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - James P O'Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Craddock TJA, Michalovicz LT, Kelly KA, Rice MA, Miller DB, Klimas NG, Morris M, O'Callaghan JP, Broderick G. A Logic Model of Neuronal-Glial Interaction Suggests Altered Homeostatic Regulation in the Perpetuation of Neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:336. [PMID: 30374291 PMCID: PMC6196274 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant inflammatory signaling between neuronal and glial cells can develop into a persistent sickness behavior-related disorders, negatively impacting learning, memory, and neurogenesis. While there is an abundance of literature describing these interactions, there still lacks a comprehensive mathematical model describing the complex feed-forward and feedback mechanisms of neural-glial interaction. Here we compile molecular and cellular signaling information from various studies and reviews in the literature to create a logically-consistent, theoretical model of neural-glial interaction in the brain to explore the role of neuron-glia homeostatic regulation in the perpetuation of neuroinflammation. Logic rules are applied to this connectivity diagram to predict the system's homeostatic behavior. We validate our model predicted homeostatic profiles against RNAseq gene expression profiles in a mouse model of stress primed neuroinflammation. A meta-analysis was used to calculate the significance of similarity between the inflammatory profiles of mice exposed to diisopropyl fluorophostphate (DFP) [with and without prior priming by the glucocorticoid stress hormone corticosterone (CORT)], with the equilibrium states predicted by the model, and to provide estimates of the degree of the neuroinflammatory response. Beyond normal homeostatic regulation, our model predicts an alternate self-perpetuating condition consistent with chronic neuroinflammation. RNAseq gene expression profiles from the cortex of mice exposed to DFP and CORT+DFP align with this predicted state of neuroinflammation, whereas the alignment to CORT alone was negligible. Simulations of putative treatment strategies post-exposure were shown to be theoretically capable of returning the system to a state of typically healthy regulation with broad-acting anti-inflammatory agents showing the highest probability of success. The results support a role for the brain's own homeostatic drive in perpetuating the chronic neuroinflammation associated with exposure to the organophosphate DFP, with and without CORT priming. The deviation of illness profiles from exact model predictions suggests the presence of additional factors or of lasting changes to the brain's regulatory circuitry specific to each exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J A Craddock
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Department of Computer Science, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Lindsay T Michalovicz
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kimberly A Kelly
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Mark A Rice
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Diane B Miller
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Nancy G Klimas
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mariana Morris
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - James P O'Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Gordon Broderick
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, United States.,Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
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Karasova JZ, Hroch M, Pohanka M, Hepnarova V, Pejchal J, Kuca K. Pyridostigmine bromide and its relation to Gulf War illness. TOXIN REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1480496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zdarova Karasova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Hroch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hepnarova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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57
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Ashbrook DG, Hing B, Michalovicz LT, Kelly KA, Miller JV, de Vega WC, Miller DB, Broderick G, O'Callaghan JP, McGowan PO. Epigenetic impacts of stress priming of the neuroinflammatory response to sarin surrogate in mice: a model of Gulf War illness. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:86. [PMID: 29549885 PMCID: PMC5857314 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gulf War illness (GWI) is an archetypal, medically unexplained, chronic condition characterised by persistent sickness behaviour and neuroimmune and neuroinflammatory components. An estimated 25–32% of the over 900,000 veterans of the 1991 Gulf War fulfil the requirements of a GWI diagnosis. It has been hypothesised that the high physical and psychological stress of combat may have increased vulnerability to irreversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors leading to a priming of the neuroimmune system. A number of studies have linked high levels of psychophysiological stress and toxicant exposures to epigenetic modifications that regulate gene expression. Recent research in a mouse model of GWI has shown that pre-exposure with the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) causes an increase in expression of specific chemokines and cytokines in response to diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), a sarin surrogate and irreversible AChE inhibitor. Methods C57BL/6J mice were exposed to CORT for 4 days, and exposed to DFP on day 5, before sacrifice 6 h later. The transcriptome was examined using RNA-seq, and the epigenome was examined using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and H3K27ac ChIP-seq. Results We show transcriptional, histone modification (H3K27ac) and DNA methylation changes in genes related to the immune and neuronal system, potentially relevant to neuroinflammatory and cognitive symptoms of GWI. Further evidence suggests altered proportions of myelinating oligodendrocytes in the frontal cortex, perhaps connected to white matter deficits seen in GWI sufferers. Conclusions Our findings may reflect the early changes which occurred in GWI veterans, and we observe alterations in several pathways altered in GWI sufferers. These close links to changes seen in veterans with GWI indicates that this model reflects the environmental exposures related to GWI and may provide a model for biomarker development and testing future treatments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1113-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Ashbrook
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough campus, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Present address: Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Benjamin Hing
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough campus, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Present address: Department of Psychiatry, Medical Laboratories, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52246, USA
| | | | | | - Julie V Miller
- CDC-NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Wilfred C de Vega
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough campus, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diane B Miller
- CDC-NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Gordon Broderick
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Patrick O McGowan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Environmental Epigenetics and Development and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough campus, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Kodali M, Hattiangady B, Shetty G, Bates A, Shuai B, Shetty A. Curcumin treatment leads to better cognitive and mood function in a model of Gulf War Illness with enhanced neurogenesis, and alleviation of inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:499-514. [PMID: 29454881 PMCID: PMC7023905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diminished cognitive and mood function are among the most conspicuous symptoms of Gulf War Illness (GWI). Our previous studies in a rat model of GWI have demonstrated that persistent cognitive and mood impairments are associated with substantially declined neurogenesis, chronic low-grade inflammation, increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus. We tested the efficacy of curcumin (CUR) to maintain better cognitive and mood function in a rat model of GWI because of its neurogenic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and memory and mood enhancing properties. Male rats were exposed daily to low doses of GWI-related chemicals, pyridostigmine bromide, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin, and 5-minutes of restraint stress for 28 days. Animals were next randomly assigned to two groups, which received daily CUR or vehicle treatment for 30 days. Animals also received 5'-bromodeoxyuridine during the last seven days of treatment for analysis of neurogenesis. Behavioral studies through object location, novel object recognition and novelty suppressed feeding tests performed sixty days after treatment revealed better cognitive and mood function in CUR treated GWI rats. These rats also displayed enhanced neurogenesis and diminished inflammation typified by reduced astrocyte hypertrophy and activated microglia in the hippocampus. Additional studies showed that CUR treatment to GWI rats enhanced the expression of antioxidant genes and normalized the expression of multiple genes related to mitochondrial respiration. Thus, CUR therapy is efficacious for maintaining better memory and mood function in a model of GWI. Enhanced neurogenesis, restrained inflammation and oxidative stress with normalized mitochondrial respiration may underlie better memory and mood function mediated by CUR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kodali
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple and College Station, TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - B. Hattiangady
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple and College Station, TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - G.A. Shetty
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple and College Station, TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - A. Bates
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple and College Station, TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - B. Shuai
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple and College Station, TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - A.K. Shetty
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple and College Station, TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA,Corresponding author at: Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA. (A.K. Shetty)
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Kelly KA, Michalovicz LT, Miller JV, Castranova V, Miller DB, O’Callaghan JP. Prior exposure to corticosterone markedly enhances and prolongs the neuroinflammatory response to systemic challenge with LPS. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190546. [PMID: 29304053 PMCID: PMC5755880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic exposure to the inflammagen and bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been widely used to evaluate inflammation and sickness behavior. While many inflammatory conditions occur in the periphery, it is well established that peripheral inflammation can affect the brain. Neuroinflammation, the elaboration of proinflammatory mediators in the CNS, commonly is associated with behavioral symptoms (e.g., lethargy, anhedonia, anorexia, depression, etc.) termed sickness behavior. Stressors have been shown to interact with and alter neuroinflammatory responses and associated behaviors. Here, we examined the effects of the stress hormone, corticosterone (CORT), as a stressor mimic, on neuroinflammation induced with a single injection (2mg/kg, s.c.) or inhalation exposure (7.5 μg/m3) of LPS or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PIC; 12mg/kg, i.p.) in adult male C57BL/6J mice. CORT was given in the drinking water (200 mg/L) for 1 week or every other week for 90 days followed by LPS. Proinflammatory cytokine expression (TNFα, IL-6, CCL2, IL-1β, LIF, and OSM) was measured by qPCR. The activation of the neuroinflammation downstream signaling activator, STAT3, was assessed by immunoblot of pSTAT3Tyr705. The presence of astrogliosis was assessed by immunoassay of GFAP. Acute exposure to LPS caused brain-wide neuroinflammation without producing astrogliosis; exposure to CORT for 1 week caused marked exacerbation of the LPS-induced neuroinflammation. This neuroinflammatory "priming" by CORT was so pronounced that sub-neuroinflammatory exposures by inhalation instigated neuroinflammation when paired with prior CORT exposure. This effect also was extended to another common inflammagen, PIC (a viral mimic). Furthermore, a single week of CORT exposure maintained the potential for priming for 30 days, while intermittent exposure to CORT for up to 90 days synergistically primed the LPS-induced neuroinflammatory response. These findings highlight the possibility for an isolated inflammatory event to be exacerbated by a temporally distant stressful stimulus and demonstrates the potential for recurrent stress to greatly aggravate chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Kelly
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Lindsay T. Michalovicz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Julie V. Miller
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Diane B. Miller
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - James P. O’Callaghan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Koo BB, Michalovicz LT, Calderazzo S, Kelly KA, Sullivan K, Killiany RJ, O’Callaghan JP. Corticosterone potentiates DFP-induced neuroinflammation and affects high-order diffusion imaging in a rat model of Gulf War Illness. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 67:42-46. [PMID: 28782715 PMCID: PMC6380894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Veterans of the 1991 Gulf War were potentially exposed to a variety of toxic chemicals, including sarin nerve agent and pesticides, which have been suspected to be involved in the development of Gulf War Illness (GWI). Several of these exposures cause a neuroinflammatory response in mice, which may serve as a basis for the sickness behavior-like symptoms seen in veterans with GWI. Furthermore, conditions mimicking the physiological stress experienced during the war can exacerbate this effect. While neuroinflammation has been observed post-exposure using animal models, it remains a challenge to evaluate neuroinflammation and its associated cellular and molecular changes in vivo in veterans with GWI. Here, we evaluated neuroimmune-associated alterations in intact brains, applying our existing GWI mouse model to rats, by exposing them to 4days of corticosterone (CORT; 200mg/L in the drinking water), to mimic high physiological stress, followed by a single injection of the sarin nerve agent surrogate, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP; 1.5mg/kg, i.p.). Then, we evaluated the neuroinflammatory responses using qPCR of cytokine mRNA and also examined brain structure with a novel high-order diffusion MRI. We found a CORT-enhancement of DFP-induced neuroinflammation, extending our mouse GWI model to the rat. High order diffusion MRI revealed different patterns among the different treatment groups. Particularly, while the CORT+DFP rats had more restricted spatial patterns in the hippocampus and the hypothalamus, the highest and most wide-spread differences were shown in DFP-treated rats compared to the controls in the thalamus, the amygdala, the piriform cortex and the ventral tegmental area. The association of these diffusion changes with neuroinflammatory cytokine expression indicates the potential for GW-relevant exposures to result in connectivity changes in the brain. By transferring this high order diffusion MRI into in vivo imaging in veterans with GWI, we can achieve further insights on the trajectories of the neuroimmune response over time and its impacts on behavior and potential neurological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Bon Koo
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lindsay T. Michalovicz
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Center for Disease Control and Prevention – National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Kimberly A. Kelly
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Center for Disease Control and Prevention – National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | | | - James P. O’Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Center for Disease Control and Prevention – National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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O'Callaghan JP, Michalovicz LT, Miller JV, Kelly KA. Advancing the Role of Neuroimmunity and Genetic Susceptibility in Gulf War Illness. EBioMedicine 2017; 26:11-12. [PMID: 29239837 PMCID: PMC5832621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James P O'Callaghan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, United States.
| | - Lindsay T Michalovicz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Julie V Miller
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kimberly A Kelly
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Bowyer JF, Tranter KM, Sarkar S, George NI, Hanig JP, Kelly KA, Michalovicz LT, Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP. Corticosterone and exogenous glucose alter blood glucose levels, neurotoxicity, and vascular toxicity produced by methamphetamine. J Neurochem 2017; 143:198-213. [PMID: 28792619 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have raised the possibility that altered blood glucose levels may influence and/or be predictive of methamphetamine (METH) neurotoxicity. This study evaluated the effects of exogenous glucose and corticosterone (CORT) pretreatment alone or in combination with METH on blood glucose levels and the neural and vascular toxicity produced. METH exposure consisted of four sequential injections of 5, 7.5, 10, and 10 mg/kg (2 h between injections) D-METH. The three groups given METH in combination with saline, glucose (METH+Glucose), or CORT (METH+CORT) had significantly higher glucose levels compared to the corresponding treatment groups without METH except at 3 h after the last injection. At this last time point, the METH and METH+Glucose groups had lower levels than the non-METH groups, while the METH+CORT group did not. CORT alone or glucose alone did not significantly increase blood glucose. Mortality rates for the METH+CORT (40%) and METH+Glucose (44%) groups were substantially higher than the METH (< 10%) group. Additionally, METH+CORT significantly increased neurodegeneration above the other three METH treatment groups (≈ 2.5-fold in the parietal cortex). Thus, maintaining elevated levels of glucose during METH exposure increases lethality and may exacerbate neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation, specifically microglial activation, was associated with degenerating neurons in the parietal cortex and thalamus after METH exposure. The activated microglia in the parietal cortex were surrounding vasculature in most cases and the extent of microglial activation was exacerbated by CORT pretreatment. Our findings show that acute CORT exposure and elevated blood glucose levels can exacerbate METH-induced vascular damage, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and lethality. Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.13819.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Bowyer
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicology/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Karen M Tranter
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicology/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicology/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nysia I George
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Joseph P Hanig
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research/FDA Silver Spring, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly A Kelly
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Lindsay T Michalovicz
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Diane B Miller
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - James P O'Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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