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Wolfarth S, Kolasiewicz W. Effects of intrastriatal injections of atropine and methacholine on the apomorphine-induced gnawing in the rabbit. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1977; 6:5-10. [PMID: 557798 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(77)90152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To find out the anatomical location of the target point of cholinergic-dopaminergic equilibrium, atropine (40 microng) or methacholine (10 microng) were injected through previously implanted cannulas into various places of caudate nucleus and putamen of the rabbit, and the effect of the injections on stereotype gnawing induced by subcutaneously or intravenously administered apomorphine (1--2 mg/kg) was assessed. The intensity of gnawing was measured using a special apparatus, counting each bite. Atropine inhibited the stereotype, while metacholine potentiated it. The effects were evident with the method used, but difficult to reveal with the classical method of assessing the intensity of stereotyped behavior, based on visual observation. The results suggest that the striatum is not a target point for the cholinergic component of the cholinergic-dopaminergic equilibrium in the central nervous system.
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52
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Wagner A, Dupelj M, Lee KC. The effects of drugs on the field potential in the caudate nucleus following nigra stimulation. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1977:191-8. [PMID: 920299 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8482-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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53
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Zarzecki P, Blake DJ, Somjen GG. Interactions of nigrostriate synaptic transmission, iontophoretic O-methylated phenethylamines, dopamine, apomorphine and acetylcholine. Brain Res 1976; 115:257-72. [PMID: 184878 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recordings were made from, and drugs applied to, neurons in the caudate nucleus of unanesthetized cats, using multibarrel micropipette electrodes. The substantia nigra was stimulated by sterotactically placed electrodes. Three O-methylated derivatives of dopamine, meta-methoxyphenethylamine (m-MPEA), para-methosy-phenethylamine (p-MPEA) and 3,4-demethoxyphenethylamine (DIMPEA), inhibited most, excited a few, and had no detectable effect on a substantial number of the cells upon which they were tested. A statistically significant correlation was found between the effects of dopamine (DA) and the three O-methylated derivatives on the same populations of cells. Iontophoretic release of the O-methylated derivatives could not prevent the actions of DA, nor could it block synaptically mediated effects of the nigrostriate pathway. It is concluded that the three O-methylated products are partial agonists of DA. The findings are difficult to reconcile with the suggestion that the experimental parkinsonian-like symptoms caused by O-methylated phenethylamines are the consequence of blockade of dopaminergic synapses. No correlation, negative or positive, was found between the effects of DA and of acetylcholine (ACh). The findings do not support the theory that balanced sets of antagonistic synapses, one dopaminergic, the other cholinervic, operate upon individual neurons in the caudate nucleus. Apomorphine and dopamine were shown to have similar effects on a substantial number of neurons, even though the onset and offset of the effect of apomorphine were slower than those of DA. This observation agrees with the suggestion that some of the central effects of apomorphine are due to an action at dopaminoceptive receptor sites.
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54
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Bernardi G, Floris V, Marciani MG, Morocutti C, Stanzione P. The action of acetylcholine and L-glutamic acid on rat caudate neurons. Brain Res 1976; 114:134-8. [PMID: 963539 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(76)91014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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55
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Kuhar M, Yamamura HI. Localization of cholinergic muscarinic receptors in rat brain by light microscopic radioautography. Brain Res 1976; 110:229-43. [PMID: 938940 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Injection of a potent, cholinergic muscarinic antagonist, [3H]3-quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB), results in a localization of the drug to muscarinic receptors in rat brain. The distribution of these drug receptors was examined in various brain regions previously thought to contain cholinergic neurons. They were localized to dendritic regions in the hippocampus, corpus striatum, nucleus accumbens and cerebral cortex. Particularly in the hippocampus, the receptor distribution may correspond to that for cholinergic nerve terminals.
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56
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Bird SJ, Aghajanian GK. The cholinergic pharmacology of hippocampal pyramidal cells: a microiontophoretic study. Neuropharmacology 1976; 15:273-82. [PMID: 934439 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(76)90128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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57
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Koller WC, Berry CA. Modification of evoked responses in the caudate nucleus by cholinergic agents. Neuropharmacology 1976; 15:233-8. [PMID: 934434 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(76)90069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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58
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Saraceno H, De Robertis E. Isolation by affinity chromatography of a cholinergic proteolipid from Nucleus caudatus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1976; 69:555-61. [PMID: 1267802 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(76)90556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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59
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Abstract
The direct application of crystalline dopamine, D-amphetamine or scopolamine in microgram quantities to the ventral anterior region of the corpus striatum (VAS) of rats increased their responding for food on a modified DRL-30 sec schedule of reinforcement. Similar applications of norepinephrine were less effective than dopamine, while the anticholinesterase eserine depressed responding. Electrolytic lesions of the ventrolateral, but not the dorsomedial, prefrontal cortex of rats also increased their response rates. These results were interpreted as being consistent with the idea of a dopamine-acetylcholine antagonism in the VAS whose net output modulate behavioral inhibition. This striatal mechanism may be influenced by the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.
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60
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Jurna I. Striatal monoamines and reserpine and chlorpromazine rigidity. PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS. PART B: GENERAL & SYSTEMATIC PHARMACOLOGY 1976; 2:113-28. [PMID: 178006 DOI: 10.1016/0306-039x(76)90024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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61
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Polz-Tejera G, Schmidt J, Karten HJ. Autoradiographic localisation of alpha-bungarotoxin-binding sites in the central nervous system. Nature 1975; 258:349-51. [PMID: 1196365 DOI: 10.1038/258349a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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62
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DeFrance JF, Yoshihara H, McCrea RA, Kitai ST. Pharmacology of the inhibiton in the lateral septal region. Exp Neurol 1975; 48:502-23. [PMID: 1175711 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(75)90009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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63
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Abstract
1. Of paramedian reticular neurones a significantly higher proportion of those antidromically activated from the cerebellum than of those orthodromically activated from this source were excited by acetylcholine. 2. Receptors for acetylcholine were of the muscarinic type. 3. No differences were found in the proportions of cholinoceptive and non-cholinoceptive cells responding to stimulation of cranial and limb nerves or to changes in blood pressure either spontaneous or induced. 4. Either a cholinergic pathway to paramedian reticular cells projecting to the cerebellum was not activated in these experiments or the receptors for acetylcholine are not located at synapses. An association between muscarinic receptors and acetylcholinesterase may be present with cells of this area.
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64
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Agid Y, Guyenet P, Glowinski J, Beaujouan JC, Javoy F. Inhibitory influence of the nigrostriatal dopamine system on the striatal cholinergic neurons in the rat. Brain Res 1975; 86:488-92. [PMID: 1116013 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(75)90901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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65
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Kuhar MJ, Yamamura HI. Light autoradiographic localisation of cholinergic muscarinic receptors in rat brain by specific binding of a potent antagonist. Nature 1975; 253:560-1. [PMID: 1117989 DOI: 10.1038/253560a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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66
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Guyenet PG, Javory AF, Beaujouan JC, Rossier BJ, Glowinski J. Effects of dopaminergic receptor agonists and antagonists on the activity of the neo-striatal cholinergic system. Brain Res 1975; 84:227-44. [PMID: 234276 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(75)90978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of various neuroleptics and of apomorphine on the metabolism of ACh were examined in the neostriatum of the rat. For this purpose, a specific radio-enzymatic assay for brain ACh was used. This method is based on the preliminary purification of the choline esters by liquid cation exchange, separation of choline and ACh on thin layer chromatography plates, hydrolysis of ACh then reactylation of the choline moiety with a purified and stabilized rat brain choline acetyltransferase. The rat neostriatal ACh levels were decreased by neuroleptics of the phenothiazine and butyrophenone type and increased by apomorphine. An "in vivo" estimation of the rate of utilization of ACh was obtained by measuring the decline in neostriatal ACh content following the local microinjection of hemicholinium-3. This compound blocked almost totally the synthesis of ACh in these conditions. Chlorpromazine (15 mg/kg) enhanced neo-striatal ACh utilization and apomorphine (10 mg/kg) antagonized this effect. Neuroleptics did not effect ACh levels in the parietal cerebral cortex and the hippocampal formation. The modifications of the activity of neostriatal cholinergic neurons by chlorpromazine and apomorphine were still observed following the degeneration of the nigro-neostriatal dopaminergic fibers induced by the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra. The results strongly suggest that dopaminergic receptors as defined by their pharmacological interaction with neuroleptics and apomorphine are localized on neostriatal ACh neurons.
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67
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Poirier L, Filion M, Langelier P, Larochelle L. Brain nervous mechanisms involved in the so-called extra pyramidal motor and psychomotor disturbances. Prog Neurobiol 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0082(75)90019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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68
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Connor JD. Electrophysiology of the nigro-caudate dopamine pathway. PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS. PART B: GENERAL & SYSTEMATIC PHARMACOLOGY 1975; 1:357-70. [PMID: 817324 DOI: 10.1016/0306-039x(75)90042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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69
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Yamamura HI, Kuhar MJ, Snyder SH. In vivo identification of muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding in rat brain. Brain Res 1974; 80:170-6. [PMID: 4421615 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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70
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Cools AR. The transsynaptic relationship between dopamine and serotonin in the caudate nucleus of cats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1974; 36:17-28. [PMID: 4365135 DOI: 10.1007/bf00441378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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71
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Yamamura HI, Kuhar MJ, Greenberg D, Snyder SH. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding: regional distribution in monkey brain. Brain Res 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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72
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73
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Ermolenko SF. Reciprocal connections between the first and second somatosensory cortical areas and the caudate nucleus. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 1973; 6:325-32. [PMID: 4781785 DOI: 10.1007/bf01182673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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74
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Haycock JW, Deadwyler SA, Sideroff SI, McGaugh JL. Retrograde amnesia and cholinergic systems in the caudate-putamen complex and dorsal hippocampus of the rat. Exp Neurol 1973; 41:201-13. [PMID: 4795498 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(73)90190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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75
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Rogers DK, McKenzie JS. Regional differences within the caudate nucleus for suppression of extralemniscal thalamic units. Brain Res 1973; 56:345-9. [PMID: 4351835 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(73)90350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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76
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77
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Clarke G, Davies J. The effects of anti-Parkinson drugs on cortical neurones. Br J Pharmacol 1973; 47:465-75. [PMID: 4730827 PMCID: PMC1776309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The effects of a potential anti-Parkinson drug, benapryzine, have been compared with those of benzhexol, atropine and procaine on the excitatory responses induced by acetylcholine and L-glutamate on feline cortical neurones using the microiontophoretic technique.2. All the drugs tested reduced the excitatory responses evoked by acetylcholine and L-glutamate. However, benapryzine, benzhexol and procaine more effectively reduced the excitatory responses to L-glutamate than those to acetylcholine whereas atropine was more effective against acetylcholine-induced excitation.3. In the presence of procaine the amplitude of the extracellular spikes was decreased. This effect was also observed during applications of benapryzine and benzhexol.4. Tests on the isolated frog sciatic nerve indicated that benapryzine and benzhexol had local anaesthetic actions respectively greater than and equivalent to those of procaine.5. It was concluded that the effects of benapryzine and benzhexol on cortical neurones were probably related to their local anaesthetic properties. The possibility that a local anaesthetic action may account for the effects of these drugs and of many other commonly used anti-Parkinson drugs in Parkinson's disease is discussed.
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78
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Jurna I, Ruzdić N, Nell T, Grossmann W. The effect of -methyl-p-tyrosine and substantia nigra lesions on spinal motor activity in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1972; 20:341-50. [PMID: 4643455 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(72)90195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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79
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Routtenberg A. Intracranial chemical injection and behavior: a critical review. BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 1972; 7:601-41. [PMID: 4627727 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6773(72)80073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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80
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81
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Prado-Alcalá RA, Grinberg-Zylberbaun J, Alvarez-Leefmans J, Gómez A, Singer S, Brust-Carmona H. A possible caudate-cholinergic mechanism in two instrumental conditioned responses. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1972; 25:339-46. [PMID: 5051146 DOI: 10.1007/bf00421973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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82
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Fahn S, Libsch LR, Cutler RW. Monoamines in the human neostriatum: topographic distribution in normals and in Parkinson's disease and their role in akinesia, rigidity, chorea, and tremor. J Neurol Sci 1971; 14:427-55. [PMID: 5125758 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(71)90178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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83
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Kaji S, Naito H, Sato S. Responses of single unit in the caudate nucleus to thalamic stimulation. Exp Neurol 1971; 30:447-58. [PMID: 5554234 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(71)90145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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84
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85
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Datta K, Thal L, Wajda IJ. Effects of morphone on choline acetyltransferase levels in the caudate nucleus of the rat. Br J Pharmacol 1971; 41:84-93. [PMID: 5547764 PMCID: PMC1702750 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1971.tb09938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Choline acetyltransferase (choline-o-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.6.) concentrations were determined in the caudate nucleus, thalamus, and cortex of control and morphine treated rats. The enzyme was assayed using a modified radiochemical method on a number of selected days, one hour after the last injection of 30 mg/kg of morphine and also during the subsequent phase of abstinence from morphine.2. Significant lowering of choline acetyltransferase activity in the caudate nucleus area was found in two cases, one hour after the first dose of morphine and upon subsequent abstinence from morphine.3. The enzyme activity in the two other parts of the brain remained at the normal levels.4. The presence of endogenous inhibitors formed during morphine administration was excluded.5. The relationship of a possible effect of morphine on the tissue binding of the enzyme and the subsequent lowering of its activity was tested by homogenization of the caudate nucleus area in different media. The decrease in enzyme activity occurred in all extraction media one hour after morphine administration.6. Inhibitory effects of in vitro addition of morphine to caudate nucleus homogenate, obtained from normal and morphine treated rats, were found to occur only at very high concentrations of the drug, negating the possibility of direct inhibitory effects of morphine.7. These experiments suggest two possible causes of the observed effects, which can be responsible for the lowering of enzyme activity, and can be operative simultaneously: (1) a negative feedback mechanism of accumulated acetylcholine, occurring after the first dose of morphine, and (2) the possible changes in enzyme configuration produced by morphine treatment.
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86
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Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS. Levodopa: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use with particular reference to Parkinsonism. Drugs 1971; 2:262-400. [PMID: 4340597 DOI: 10.2165/00003495-197102040-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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87
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88
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Leighton KM, Jenkins LC. Experimental studies of the central nervous system related to anaesthesia. IV. Effects of pentobarbital placement in caudate nucleus. CANADIAN ANAESTHETISTS' SOCIETY JOURNAL 1970; 17:112-8. [PMID: 4908554 DOI: 10.1007/bf03004661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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89
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Fox M, Williams TD. Responses evoked in the cerebellar cortex by stimulation of the caudate nucleus in the cat. J Physiol 1968; 198:435-49. [PMID: 5698279 PMCID: PMC1365332 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Responses evoked in the cerebellar cortex following stimulation of caudate nucleus are described.2. The evoked responses recorded from the surface of the cerebellar cortex were found to be of two types, one with a short (4-6 msec) latency and one with a longer (12-17 msec) latency.3. The short latency response was maximal in the lobulus simplex, the longer latency response was maximal in paramedian lobule.4. Following lesions in the inferior olive the longer latency response was absent.5. Recordings from within the cerebellar cortex showed that the short latency response was uniformly distributed throughout the grey matter, the longer latency response was maximal in the region of the Purkinje cell bodies.6. It was concluded that the short latency response was due to activation via the mossy fibres and the longer latency response to activation via the climbing fibres.7. It was found that responses could be evoked in the cerebellum following stimulation of only the latero-ventral part of the caudate nucleus; stimulation of the rest of the nucleus caused no response in the cerebellum. This division of the caudate nucleus into two parts is similar to the subdivision of the caudate nucleus made by other workers using different criteria.
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90
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Herz A, Zieglgänsberger W. The influence of microelectrophoretically applied biogenic amines, cholinomimetics and procaine on synaptic excitation in the corpus striatum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPHARMACOLOGY 1968; 7:221-30. [PMID: 5720514 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(68)90029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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91
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Baker WW, Benedict F. Analysis of local discharges induced by intrahippocampal microinjection of carbachol or diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPHARMACOLOGY 1968; 7:135-47. [PMID: 5715473 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(68)90007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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92
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Herz A, v Freytag-Loringhoven H. [Synaptic excitation in the corpus striatum and the antagonistic effect of microelectrophoretically applied glutamic acid and GABA]. PFLUGERS ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE PHYSIOLOGIE DES MENSCHEN UND DER TIERE 1968; 299:167-84. [PMID: 5247217 DOI: 10.1007/bf00363663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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93
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Abstract
1. Dopamine applied iontophoretically to neurones of the caudate nucleus of cats caused excitation of some (9% of those encountered) and depression of others (60%). Some cells have been found affected both by dopamine and by acetylcholine.2. The effects of dopamine could be prevented by the previous iontophoretic administration of phenoxybenzamine, but not by dichloroisopropylnoradrenaline.3. Responses evoked in caudate neurones by electrical stimulation of substantia nigra were depressed by dopamine. No evidence for enhancement of the effects of nigral stimulation through the application of dopamine were detected.4. Stimulation of nucleus centromedianus thalami depressed firing of caudate neurones.5. The hypothesis that dopamine may act as an inhibitory synaptic transmitter within the caudate is put forward.
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94
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Ochs S. Regional physiology of the central nervous system. PROGRESS IN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 1967; 22:52-96. [PMID: 4971845 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9662-6.50007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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