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52
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Pd-based binary and ternary alloy membranes: Morphological and perm-selective characterization in the presence of H2S. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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53
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Combinatorial method for direct measurements of the intrinsic hydrogen permeability of separation membrane materials. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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54
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Kondratyuk P, Gumuslu G, Shukla S, Miller JB, Morreale BD, Gellman AJ. A microreactor array for spatially resolved measurement of catalytic activity for high-throughput catalysis science. J Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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55
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Shim JH, Ko WS, Kim KH, Lee HS, Lee YS, Suh JY, Cho YW, Lee BJ. Prediction of hydrogen permeability in V–Al and V–Ni alloys. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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56
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Ma YH, Chen CH, Catalano J, Guazzone F, Payzant EA. Synthesis, Annealing, and Performances of Pd–Au Asymmetric Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Purification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302740f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hua Ma
- Center for Inorganic Membrane
Studies (CIMS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100
Institute Road, Worcester 01609, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Chao-Huang Chen
- Center for Inorganic Membrane
Studies (CIMS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100
Institute Road, Worcester 01609, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jacopo Catalano
- Center for Inorganic Membrane
Studies (CIMS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100
Institute Road, Worcester 01609, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Federico Guazzone
- Center for Inorganic Membrane
Studies (CIMS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100
Institute Road, Worcester 01609, Massachusetts, United States
| | - E. Andrew Payzant
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008 MS6475, Oak Ridge, Tennessee,
United States
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58
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Lee YS, Ouyang C, Suh JY, Fleury E, Cho YW, Shim JH. Role of alloying elements in vanadium-based binary alloy membranes for hydrogen separation. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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59
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Coulter KE, Way JD, Gade SK, Chaudhari S, Alptekin GO, DeVoss SJ, Paglieri SN, Pledger B. Sulfur tolerant PdAu and PdAuPt alloy hydrogen separation membranes. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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60
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Kim KC, Kang SG, Sholl DS. Predictions of Sulfur Resistance in Metal Membranes for H2 Purification Using First-Principles Calculations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie201888x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Chul Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Sung Gu Kang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - David S. Sholl
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
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61
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62
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Wilhite BA. Composite Catalytic-Permselective Membranes: A Strategy for Enhancing Selectivity and Permeation Rates via Reaction and Diffusion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie2001428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Wilhite
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
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63
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64
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Ling C, Semidey-Flecha L, Sholl DS. First-principles screening of PdCuAg ternary alloys as H2 purification membranes. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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65
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Yamauchi M, Tsukuda T. Production of an ordered (B2) CuPd nanoalloy by low-temperature annealing under hydrogen atmosphere. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:4842-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01632b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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66
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Mayer J, Hugenschmidt C, Schreckenbach K. Direct observation of the surface segregation of Cu in Pd by time-resolved positron-annihilation-induced Auger electron spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:207401. [PMID: 21231264 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.207401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations predict the surface segregation of Cu in the second atomic layer of Pd which has not been unambiguously confirmed by experiment so far. We report measurements on Pd surfaces covered with three and six monolayers of Cu using element selective positron-annihilation-induced Auger electron spectroscopy (PAES) which is sensitive to the topmost atomic layer. Moreover, time-resolved PAES, which was applied for the first time, enables the investigation of the dynamics of surface atoms and hence the observation of the segregation process. The time constant for segregation was experimentally determined to τ=1.38(0.21) h, and the final segregated configuration was found to be consistent with calculations. Time-dependent PAES is demonstrated to be a novel element selective technique applicable for the investigation of, e.g., heterogeneous catalysis, corrosion, or surface alloying.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mayer
- ZWE FRM II, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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67
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Baber AE, Tierney HL, Lawton TJ, Sykes ECH. An Atomic-Scale View of Palladium Alloys and their Ability to Dissociate Molecular Hydrogen. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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68
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69
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Semidey-Flecha L, Ling C, Sholl DS. Detailed first-principles models of hydrogen permeation through PdCu-based ternary alloys. J Memb Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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70
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71
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ZHANG X, WANG W, XIONG G, YANG W. Hydrogen Permeation in a Thin Pd-Cu Alloy Membrane Reactor for Steam Re-forming of Ethanol. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1088.2010.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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72
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Liu X, Liu W, Li J, Zhang Y, Lang L, Ma L, Zhang B. Reactive Deposition of Palladium Nanoparticles onto Zeolite Membranes in Supercritical CO2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie100655m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China, The institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, State Oceanic Administration, Tianjin 300192, China, and State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China, The institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, State Oceanic Administration, Tianjin 300192, China, and State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China, The institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, State Oceanic Administration, Tianjin 300192, China, and State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yushan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China, The institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, State Oceanic Administration, Tianjin 300192, China, and State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China, The institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, State Oceanic Administration, Tianjin 300192, China, and State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Laibo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China, The institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, State Oceanic Administration, Tianjin 300192, China, and State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Baoquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China, The institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, State Oceanic Administration, Tianjin 300192, China, and State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
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73
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74
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Liu D, Zhong C. Understanding gas separation in metal–organic frameworks using computer modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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75
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Sun CQ, Wang Y, Nie YG, Mehta BR, Khanuja M, Shivaprasad SM, Sun Y, Pan JS, Pan LK, Sun Z. Interface quantum trap depression and charge polarization in the CuPd and AgPd bimetallic alloy catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:3131-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b922677j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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76
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Tierney HL, Baber AE, Kitchin JR, Sykes ECH. Hydrogen dissociation and spillover on individual isolated palladium atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:246102. [PMID: 20366214 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.246102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Using a combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory it is demonstrated how the nature of an inert host metal of an alloy can affect the thermodynamics and kinetics of a reaction pathway in a much more profound way than simply a dilution, electronic, or geometric effect. This study reveals that individual, isolated Pd atoms can promote H2 dissociation and spillover onto a Cu(111) surface, but that the same mechanism is not observed for an identical array of Pd atoms in Au(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Tierney
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-5813, USA
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77
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Kowalczyk P, Gauden PA, Terzyk AP, Furmaniak S. Frequency-Dependent Diffusion Constant of Quantum Fluids from Path Integral Monte Carlo and Tikhonov’s Regularizing Functional. J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:1990-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ct900215q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kowalczyk
- Applied Physics, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, GPO Box 2476 V, Victoria 3001, Australia and Department of Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin St. 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Piotr A. Gauden
- Applied Physics, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, GPO Box 2476 V, Victoria 3001, Australia and Department of Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin St. 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Artur P. Terzyk
- Applied Physics, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, GPO Box 2476 V, Victoria 3001, Australia and Department of Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin St. 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Sylwester Furmaniak
- Applied Physics, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, GPO Box 2476 V, Victoria 3001, Australia and Department of Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin St. 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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78
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Hao S, Sholl DS. Self-diffusion and macroscopic diffusion of hydrogen in amorphous metals from first-principles calculations. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:244705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3158619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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79
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Predictions of H isotope separation using crystalline and amorphous metal membranes: A computational approach. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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80
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Hao S, Widom M, Sholl DS. Probing hydrogen interactions with amorphous metals using first-principles calculations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:115402. [PMID: 21693917 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/11/115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous metals are interesting candidates for use as H(2) purification membranes and occur in some applications of H(2) storage. We introduce a general strategy combining density functional theory and statistical mechanics for quantitatively predicting the properties of interstitial H in amorphous metals. We systematically investigate H solubility in amorphous Fe(3)B, comparing our results with ones for a crystalline material with the same composition. H-H interactions in the amorphous material play a crucial role in determining the net solubility. H solubility in the amorphous and crystalline materials differs by orders of magnitude under conditions relevant for practical H(2) purification membranes. Our results give atomic-level insight into the properties of H in amorphous metals that has not been previously available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
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81
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Diniz da Costa J, Reed G, Thambimuthu K. “High Temperature Gas Separation Membranes in Coal Gasification”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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82
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Khanuja M, Mehta BR, Shivaprasad SM. Two approaches for enhancing the hydrogenation properties of palladium: Metal nanoparticle and thin film over layers. J CHEM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-008-0087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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83
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Eun Jee S, McGaughey AJ, Sholl DS. Molecular simulations of hydrogen and methane permeation through pore mouth modified zeolite membranes. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020802162900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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84
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Yuan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Andreas Goldbach
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Hengyong Xu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023 Dalian, China
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85
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Real-time monitoring of metal deposition and segregation phenomena during preparation of PdCu membranes. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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86
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Semidey-Flecha L, Sholl DS. Combining density functional theory and cluster expansion methods to predict H2 permeance through Pd-based binary alloy membranes. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:144701. [PMID: 18412465 DOI: 10.1063/1.2900558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
First-principles calculations offer a useful complement to experimental approaches for characterizing hydrogen permeance through dense metal membranes. A challenge in applying these methods to disordered alloys is to make quantitative predictions for the net solubility and diffusivity of interstitial H based on the spatially local information that can be obtained from first-principles calculations. In this study, we used a combination of density functional theory calculations and a cluster expansion method to describe interstitial H in alloys of composition Pd96M4, where M=Ag, Cu, and Rh. The cluster expansion approach highlights the shortcomings of simple lattice models that have been used in the past to study similar systems. We use Sieverts' law to calculate H solubility and a kinetic Monte Carlo scheme to find the diffusivity of H in PdAg, PdCu, and PdRh alloys at a temperature range of 400<or=T<or=1200 K. From these results, we are able to predict the permeability of hydrogen through membranes made from these Pd-based binary alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lymarie Semidey-Flecha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA
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87
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The Effects of H2O, CO and CO2 on the H2 Permeance and Surface Characteristics of 1 mm Thick Pd80wt%Cu Membranes. Top Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-008-9073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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88
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Hydrogen permeation of Pd60Cu40 alloy covered V–15Ni composite membrane in mixed gases containing H2S. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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89
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W. Ockwig
- Geochemistry, and Surface and Interface Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, M.S. 1415, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185
| | - Tina M. Nenoff
- Geochemistry, and Surface and Interface Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, M.S. 1415, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185
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90
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Ling C, Sholl DS. Using first-principles calculations to predict surface resistances to H2 transport through metal alloy membranes. J Memb Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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91
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Yuan L, Goldbach A, Xu H. Segregation and H2 Transport Rate Control in Body-Centered Cubic PdCu Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:10952-8. [PMID: 17715958 DOI: 10.1021/jp073807n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The H2 permeation of a supported 2 microm thick Pd48Cu52 membrane was investigated between 373 and 909 K at DeltaP=0.1 MPa. The initial H2 flux was 0.3 mol.m(-2).s(-1) at 723 K with an ideal H2/N2 selectivity better than 5000. The membrane underwent a bcc-fcc (body-centered cubic to face-centered cubic) phase transition between 723 and 873 K resulting in compositional segregation. After reannealing at 723 K the alloy layer reverted to a bcc structure although a small fcc fraction remained behind. The mixed-phase morphology was analyzed combining X-ray diffraction with scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopic analysis (SEM-EDS) measurements, which revealed micrometer-scale Cu-enriched bcc and Cu-depleted fcc domains. The H2 flux JH2 of the fcc Pd48Cu52 single phase layer prevailing above 873 K could be described by an Arrhenius law with JH2=(7.6+/-4.9) mol.m(-2).s(-1) exp[(-32.9+/-4.5) kJ.mol(-1)/(RT)]. The characterization of the H2 flux in the mixed-phase region required two Arrhenius laws, i.e., JH2=(1.35+/-0.14) mol.m(-2).s(-1) exp[(-10.3+/-0.5) kJ.mol(-1)/(RT)] between 523 and ca. 700 K and JH2=(56.1+/-9.3) mol.m(-2).s(-1) exp[(-25.3+/-0.6) kJ.mol(-1)/(RT)] below 454 K. The H2 flux exhibited a square root pressure dependence above 523 K, but the pressure exponent gradually increased to 0.77 upon cooling to 373 K. The activation energy and pressure dependence in the intermediate temperature range are consistent with a diffusion-limited H2 transport, while the changes of these characteristics at lower temperatures indicate a desorption-limited H2 flux. The prevalence of desorption as the permeation rate-limiting step below 454 K is attributed to the pairing of an extraordinarily high hydrogen diffusivity with a marginal hydrogen solubility in bcc PdCu alloys. These result in an acceleration of the bulk diffusion rate and a deceleration of the desorption rate, respectively, allowing the bulk diffusion rate to surpass the desorption rate up to relatively high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Yuan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023 Dalian, China
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92
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Morreale BD, Howard BH, Iyoha O, Enick RM, Ling C, Sholl DS. Experimental and Computational Prediction of the Hydrogen Transport Properties of Pd4S. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie070461u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D. Morreale
- US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236; NETL Research Fellow, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; and NETL Research Fellow, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Bret H. Howard
- US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236; NETL Research Fellow, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; and NETL Research Fellow, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Osemwengie Iyoha
- US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236; NETL Research Fellow, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; and NETL Research Fellow, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Robert M. Enick
- US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236; NETL Research Fellow, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; and NETL Research Fellow, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Chen Ling
- US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236; NETL Research Fellow, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; and NETL Research Fellow, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - David S. Sholl
- US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236; NETL Research Fellow, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; and NETL Research Fellow, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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93
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Alapati SV, Karl Johnson J, Sholl DS. Using first principles calculations to identify new destabilized metal hydride reactions for reversible hydrogen storage. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:1438-52. [PMID: 17356751 DOI: 10.1039/b617927d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrides of period 2 and 3 elements are promising candidates for hydrogen storage, but typically have heats of reaction that are too high to be of use for fuel cell vehicles. Recent experimental work has focused on destabilizing metal hydrides through mixing metal hydrides with other compounds. A very large number of possible destabilized metal hydride reaction schemes exist, but the thermodynamic data required to assess the enthalpies of these reactions are not available in many cases. We have used density functional theory calculations to predict the reaction enthalpies for more than 300 destabilization reactions that have not previously been reported. The large majority of these reactions are predicted not to be useful for reversible hydrogen storage, having calculated reaction enthalpies that are either too high or too low, and hence these reactions need not be investigated experimentally. Our calculations also identify multiple promising reactions that have large enough hydrogen storage capacities to be useful in practical applications and have reaction thermodynamics that appear to be suitable for use in fuel cell vehicles and are therefore promising candidates for experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar V Alapati
- Department. of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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94
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Sakong S, Mosch C, Gross A. CO adsorption on Cu–Pd alloy surfaces: ligand versus ensemble effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:2216-25. [PMID: 17487318 DOI: 10.1039/b615547b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The CO adsorption on ordered Cu-Pd alloy surfaces and surface alloys has been studied using density functional theory (DFT) within the framework of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). On the surface alloys, the CO adsorption energy at the top sites decreases with increasing concentration of the more reactive metal Pd. This surprising ligand effect is caused by the effective compressive strain induced by the larger size of the Pd atoms. On the other hand, at the most favorable adsorption sites the CO binding becomes stronger with increasing Pd concentration which is caused by an ensemble effect related to the availability of higher coordinated adsorption sites. At the surfaces of the bulk alloys, the trends in the adsorption energy as a function of the Pd concentration are less clear because of the strong Pd-Cu interaction and the absence of effective strain effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Sakong
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069, Ulm/Germany
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95
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Sonwane CG, Wilcox J, Ma YH. Achieving optimum hydrogen permeability in PdAg and PdAu alloys. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:184714. [PMID: 17115786 DOI: 10.1063/1.2387166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work investigates both the diffusivity and permeability of hydrogen (H) in palladium-silver (PdAg) and palladium-gold (PdAu) alloys over a 400-1200 K temperature range for Pd(100-X)M(X), M=Ag or Au and X=0%-48% using density functional theory (DFT) and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations (KMC). DFT has been employed to obtain octahedral (O)-, tetrahedral (T)-, and transition state (TS)- site energetics as a function of local alloy composition for several PdAg and PdAu alloys with compositions in supercells of X=14.18%, 25.93%, 37.07%, and 48.15% with the nearest (NNs) and next nearest neighbors (NNNs) varied over the entire range of compositions. The estimates were then used to obtain a model relating the O, T, and TS energies of a given site with NN(X), NNN(X), and the lattice constant. The first passage approach combined with KMC simulations was used for the H diffusion coefficient predictions. It was found that the diffusion coefficient of H in PdAg alloy decreases with increasing Ag and increases with increasing temperature, matching closely with the experimental results reported in the literature. The calculated permeabilities of H in these novel binary alloys obtained from both diffusivity and solubility predictions were found to have a maximum at approximately 20% Ag and approximately 12% Au, which agree well with experimental predictions. Specifically, the permeability of H in PdAg alloy with approximately 20% Ag at 456 K is three to four times that of pure Pd, while the PdAu alloy at 12% Au is four to five times that of pure Pd at 456 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar G Sonwane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
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96
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Sonwane CG, Wilcox J, Ma YH. Solubility of Hydrogen in PdAg and PdAu Binary Alloys Using Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:24549-58. [PMID: 17134214 DOI: 10.1021/jp064507t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present work deals with the study of palladium-silver (PdAg) and palladium-gold (PdAu) binary alloys over a broad range of temperatures and alloy compositions using density functional theory (DFT) to find possible conditions where the solubility of hydrogen (H) is significantly higher than that of pure palladium (Pd). Several alloy structures, such as Pd(100-x)Ag(x) with x = 14.81, 25.93, 37.04, and 48.51, Pd(100-x)Aux with x = 14.81, 25.93, and 37.04, and Pd(100-x)Cu(x) with x = 25.93 and 48.51 were considered. The lattice constants of these structures were optimized using DFT, and relaxed structures were used for the estimation of binding energy. It was found that the solubility of H in PdAg is higher than pure Pd with a maximum at approximately 30% Ag at 456 K. Also, the solubility of PdAu alloys was higher than pure Pd with a maximum at about 20% Au with a solubility 12 times higher than that of pure Pd. It was found that for a 3.7% H concentration in a PdAg alloy, a cell expansion of 0.15-0.2% occurs, which if ignored may affect the individual binding energy of the O-site by approximately 3.56% and may affect the predicted solubility by approximately 11.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar G Sonwane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
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97
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Nilekar AU, Greeley J, Mavrikakis M. A Simple Rule of Thumb for Diffusion on Transition-Metal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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98
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Nilekar AU, Greeley J, Mavrikakis M. A Simple Rule of Thumb for Diffusion on Transition-Metal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:7046-9. [PMID: 17009349 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Udaykumar Nilekar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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99
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Phair JW, Donelson R. Developments and Design of Novel (Non-Palladium-Based) Metal Membranes for Hydrogen Separation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ie051333d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John W. Phair
- CSIRO Manufacturing and Infrastructure Technology, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Richard Donelson
- CSIRO Manufacturing and Infrastructure Technology, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
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100
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Sholl DS. Understanding macroscopic diffusion of adsorbed molecules in crystalline nanoporous materials via atomistic simulations. Acc Chem Res 2006; 39:403-11. [PMID: 16784218 DOI: 10.1021/ar0402199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion rates of molecules inside nanoporous materials lie at the heart of many large-scale industrial applications of these materials. Quantitatively describing this diffusion, particularly diffusion of chemical mixtures in situations leading to net mass transport, remains challenging. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can play an important complementary role to experiments in this area. This Account describes applications of MD to diffusion in nanoporous materials with a particular focus on macroscopic diffusion, that is, diffusion involving mass transport. These methods have made useful contributions to developing mixing theories for predicting multicomponent diffusion from single-component data and to screening new classes of materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Sholl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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