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Gerstel A, Zamarreño Beas J, Duverger Y, Bouveret E, Barras F, Py B. Oxidative stress antagonizes fluoroquinolone drug sensitivity via the SoxR-SUF Fe-S cluster homeostatic axis. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009198. [PMID: 33137124 PMCID: PMC7671543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of antibiotic resistance exhibited by bacteria can vary as a function of environmental conditions. Here, we report that phenazine-methosulfate (PMS), a redox-cycling compound (RCC) enhances resistance to fluoroquinolone (FQ) norfloxacin. Genetic analysis showed that E. coli adapts to PMS stress by making Fe-S clusters with the SUF machinery instead of the ISC one. Based upon phenotypic analysis of soxR, acrA, and micF mutants, we showed that PMS antagonizes fluoroquinolone toxicity by SoxR-mediated up-regulation of the AcrAB drug efflux pump. Subsequently, we showed that despite the fact that SoxR could receive its cluster from either ISC or SUF, only SUF is able to sustain efficient SoxR maturation under exposure to prolonged PMS period or high PMS concentrations. This study furthers the idea that Fe-S cluster homeostasis acts as a sensor of environmental conditions, and because its broad influence on cell metabolism, modifies the antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli. Our study investigates how phenazine compounds, which are widely present in the environment, impact antibiotic resistance of the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. The paucity of new antibacterial molecules fuels concern in the wake of increased antibiotic resistance among pathogens. Equally worrying is the realization that environmental conditions can have a drastic influence on the efficiency of antibacterial compounds. Here we report that phenazine, a member of the redox-cycling molecule family, is antagonistic to norfloxacin, a well-known and routinely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic. We show that the mechanism E. coli is using for synthesizing Fe-S clusters controls the phenazine/fluoroquinolone antagonism. Indeed, upon exposure to phenazine, E. coli switches from making Fe-S clusters with the ISC Fe-S biogenesis system to making them with SUF, a consequence of which is the activation of the SoxR transcriptional activator, up-regulation of the AcrAB efflux pump, and efflux of fluoroquinolone out of the cell. This study illustrates the major influence that environmental conditions play in setting antibiotic level resistance and further highlights the major contribution of Fe-S cluster homeostasis in antibiotic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gerstel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Jordi Zamarreño Beas
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Yohann Duverger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bouveret
- SAMe Unit, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR IMM 2001, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Barras
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- SAMe Unit, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR IMM 2001, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (FB); (BP)
| | - Béatrice Py
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS UMR7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (FB); (BP)
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52
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Oktyabrsky ON, Bezmaternykh KV, Smirnova GV, Tyulenev AV. Effect of resveratrol and quercetin on the susceptibility of Escherichia coli to antibiotics. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:167. [PMID: 33025172 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Activities of plant polyphenols (PPs), resveratrol and quercetin, alone or in combination with four conventional antibiotics against Escherichia coli have been investigated. In medium without antibiotics, both polyphenols caused a dose-dependent growth inhibition. However, pretreatment with resveratrol (40 and 100 μg ml-1) and quercetin (40 μg ml-1) reduced the bacteriostatic effect of kanamycin, streptomycin, cefotaxime and partially of ciprofloxacin. With few exceptions, both PPs also reduced the bactericidal effect of tested antibiotics. Paradoxically, low doses of PPs enhanced the bactericidal effect of kanamycin and partially ciprofloxacin. Compared to quercetin, resveratrol showed a weaker effect on the induction of antioxidant genes and the resistance of E. coli to the oxidative stress generated by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Both polyphenols at high doses reduced membrane potential. Altogether, these findings suggest that the decrease in the bactericidal effect of antibiotics by high doses of polyphenols is mostly due to bacteriostatic action of the latter. In the case of quercetin, the contribution of its antioxidant activity for antibiotic protection may be significant. There is a growing interest in the use of plant-derived compounds to enhance the toxicity of traditional antibiotics. This and other studies show that, under certain conditions, the use of polyphenols as adjuvants may not exert the expected therapeutic effect, but rather to decrease antimicrobial activity of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg N Oktyabrsky
- Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Golev 13, 614081, Perm, Russia.
| | - Ksenia V Bezmaternykh
- Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Golev 13, 614081, Perm, Russia
| | - Galina V Smirnova
- Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Golev 13, 614081, Perm, Russia
| | - Alexey V Tyulenev
- Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Golev 13, 614081, Perm, Russia
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53
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Martins D, McKay GA, English AM, Nguyen D. Sublethal Paraquat Confers Multidrug Tolerance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Inducing Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Lowering Envelope Permeability. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:576708. [PMID: 33101252 PMCID: PMC7546422 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.576708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressors and environmental cues shape the physiological state of bacteria, and thus how they subsequently respond to antibiotic toxicity. To understand how superoxide stress can modulate survival to bactericidal antibiotics, we examined the effect of intracellular superoxide generators, paraquat and menadione, on stationary-phase antibiotic tolerance of the opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We tested how pre-challenge with sublethal paraquat and menadione alters the tolerance to ofloxacin and meropenem in wild-type P. aeruginosa and mutants lacking superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (sodAB), the paraquat responsive regulator soxR, (p)ppGpp signaling (relA spoT mutant), or the alternative sigma factor rpoS. We confirmed that loss of SOD activity impairs ofloxacin and meropenem tolerance in stationary phase cells, and found that sublethal superoxide generators induce drug tolerance by stimulating SOD activity. This response is rapid, requires de novo protein synthesis, and is RpoS-dependent but does not require (p)ppGpp signaling nor SoxR. We further showed that pre-challenge with sublethal paraquat induces a SOD-dependent reduction in cell-envelope permeability and ofloxacin penetration. Our results highlight a novel mechanism of hormetic protection by superoxide generators, which may have important implications for stress-induced antibiotic tolerance in P. aeruginosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorival Martins
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A McKay
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ann M English
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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54
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Léger L, Budin-Verneuil A, Cacaci M, Benachour A, Hartke A, Verneuil N. β-Lactam Exposure Triggers Reactive Oxygen Species Formation in Enterococcus faecalis via the Respiratory Chain Component DMK. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2184-2191.e3. [PMID: 31747593 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas the primary actions of β-lactams are well characterized, their downstream effects are less well understood. Although their targets are extracellular, β-lactams stimulate respiration in Escherichia coli leading to increased intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that β-lactams over a large concentration range trigger a strong increase in ROS production in Enterococcus faecalis under aerobic, but not anaerobic, conditions. Both amoxicillin, to which the bacterium is susceptible, and cefotaxime, to which E. faecalis is resistant, triggers this response. This stimulation of ROS formation depends mainly on demethylmenaquinone (DMK), a component of the E. faecalis respiratory chain, but in contrast to E. coli is observed only in the absence of respiration. Our results suggest that in E. faecalis, β-lactams increase electron flux through the respiratory chain, thereby stimulating the auto-oxidation of reduced DMK in the absence of respiration, which triggers increased extracellular ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Léger
- UR Risques Microbiens, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, U2RM, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Margherita Cacaci
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Instituto di Microbiologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Abdellah Benachour
- UR Risques Microbiens, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, U2RM, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Axel Hartke
- UR Risques Microbiens, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, U2RM, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Nicolas Verneuil
- UR Risques Microbiens, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, U2RM, 14000 Caen, France
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55
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Mishra R, Kohli S, Malhotra N, Bandyopadhyay P, Mehta M, Munshi M, Adiga V, Ahuja VK, Shandil RK, Rajmani RS, Seshasayee ASN, Singh A. Targeting redox heterogeneity to counteract drug tolerance in replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/518/eaaw6635. [PMID: 31723039 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw6635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to tolerate multiple antibiotics represents a major problem in tuberculosis (TB) management. Heterogeneity in Mtb populations is one of the factors that drives antibiotic tolerance during infection. However, the mechanisms underpinning this variation in bacterial population remain poorly understood. Here, we show that phagosomal acidification alters the redox physiology of Mtb to generate a population of replicating bacteria that display drug tolerance during infection. RNA sequencing of this redox-altered population revealed the involvement of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas, and drug efflux pumps in antibiotic tolerance. The fraction of the pH- and redox-dependent tolerant population increased when Mtb infected macrophages with actively replicating HIV-1, suggesting that redox heterogeneity could contribute to high rates of TB therapy failure during HIV-TB coinfection. Pharmacological inhibition of phagosomal acidification by the antimalarial drug chloroquine (CQ) eradicated drug-tolerant Mtb, ameliorated lung pathology, and reduced postchemotherapeutic relapse in in vivo models. The pharmacological profile of CQ (C max and AUClast) exhibited no major drug-drug interaction when coadministered with first line anti-TB drugs in mice. Our data establish a link between phagosomal pH, redox metabolism, and drug tolerance in replicating Mtb and suggest repositioning of CQ to shorten TB therapy and achieve a relapse-free cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sakshi Kohli
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nitish Malhotra
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Parijat Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mansi Mehta
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - MohamedHusen Munshi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Radha K Shandil
- Foundation for Neglected Disease Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Raju S Rajmani
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Aswin Sai Narain Seshasayee
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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56
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Bruni GN, Kralj JM. Membrane voltage dysregulation driven by metabolic dysfunction underlies bactericidal activity of aminoglycosides. eLife 2020; 9:58706. [PMID: 32748785 PMCID: PMC7406350 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum antibiotics whose mechanism of action is under debate. It is widely accepted that membrane voltage potentiates aminoglycoside activity, which is ascribed to voltage-dependent drug uptake. In this paper, we measured the response of Escherichia coli treated with aminoglycosides and discovered that the bactericidal action arises not from the downstream effects of voltage-dependent drug uptake, but rather directly from dysregulated membrane potential. In the absence of voltage, aminoglycosides are taken into cells and exert bacteriostatic effects by inhibiting translation. However, cell killing was immediate upon re-polarization. The hyperpolarization arose from altered ATP flux, which induced a reversal of the F1Fo-ATPase to hydrolyze ATP and generated the deleterious voltage. Heterologous expression of an ATPase inhibitor completely eliminated bactericidal activity, while loss of the F-ATPase reduced the electrophysiological response to aminoglycosides. Our data support a model of voltage-induced death, and separates aminoglycoside bacteriostasis and bactericide in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Noe Bruni
- BioFrontiers Institute and the Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
| | - Joel M Kralj
- BioFrontiers Institute and the Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
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57
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Mickymaray S, Alfaiz FA, Paramasivam A. Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids against the Emerging Opportunistic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080450. [PMID: 32726972 PMCID: PMC7460331 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are the causative agent of severe chronic pulmonary diseases and is accountable for post-traumatic wound infections, lymphadenitis, endometritis, cutaneous, eye infections and disseminated diseases. These infections are extremely challenging to treat due to multidrug resistance, which encompasses the classical and existing antituberculosis agents. Hence, current studies are aimed to appraise the antimycobacterial activity of flavonoids against NTM, their capacity to synergize with pharmacological agents and their ability to block virulence. Flavonoids have potential antimycobacterial effects at minor quantities by themselves or in synergistic combinations. A cocktail of flavonoids used with existing antimycobacterial agents is a strategy to lessen side effects. The present review focuses on recent studies on naturally occurring flavonoids and their antimycobacterial effects, underlying mechanisms and synergistic effects in a cocktail with traditional agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mickymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Faiz Abdulaziz Alfaiz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anand Paramasivam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia;
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58
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Liu Y, Jia Y, Yang K, Li R, Xiao X, Zhu K, Wang Z. Metformin Restores Tetracyclines Susceptibility against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902227. [PMID: 32596101 PMCID: PMC7312304 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Highly persistent incidence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens constitutes a global burden for public health. An alternative strategy to alleviate such a crisis is to identify promising compounds to restore antibiotics activity against MDR bacteria. It is reported that the antidiabetic drug metformin exhibits the potentiation effect on tetracycline antibiotics, particularly doxycycline and minocycline, against MDR S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. coli, and S. enteritidis. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that metformin promotes intracellular accumulation of doxycycline in tetracycline-resistant E. coli. In addition, metformin boosts the immune response and alleviates the inflammatory responses in vitro. Last, metformin fully restores the activity of doxycycline in three animal infection models. Collectively, these results reveal the potential of metformin as a novel tetracyclines adjuvant to circumvent MDR bacterial pathogens and to improve the treatment outcome of recalcitrant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Institute of Comparative MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009China
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhouJiangsu225009China
| | - Yuqian Jia
- Institute of Comparative MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009China
| | - Kangni Yang
- Institute of Comparative MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009China
| | - Ruichao Li
- Institute of Comparative MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009China
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhouJiangsu225009China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Institute of Comparative MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009China
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhouJiangsu225009China
| | - Kui Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Institute of Comparative MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009China
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhouJiangsu225009China
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59
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Sabeti Azad M, Okuda M, Cyrenne M, Bourge M, Heck MP, Yoshizawa S, Fourmy D. Fluorescent Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Methods for Accurately Monitoring Uptake by Bacteria. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1008-1017. [PMID: 32195576 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing how multidrug-resistant bacteria circumvent the action of clinically used or novel antibiotics requires a detailed understanding of how the antibiotics interact with and cross bacterial membranes to accumulate in the cells and exert their action. When monitoring the interactions of drugs with bacteria, it remains challenging to differentiate functionally relevant internalized drug levels from nonspecific binding. Fluorescence is a method of choice for observing dynamics of biomolecules. In order to facilitate studies involving aminoglycoside antibiotics, we have generated fluorescently labeled aminoglycoside derivatives with uptake and bactericidal activities similar, albeit with a moderate loss, to those of the parent drug. The method combines fluorescence microscopy with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using neomycin coupled to nonpermeable cyanine dyes. Fluorescence imaging allowed membrane-bound antibiotic to be distinguished from molecules in the cytoplasm. Patterns of uptake were assigned to different populations in the FACS analysis. Our study illustrates how fluorescent derivatives of an aminoglycoside enable a robust characterization of the three components of uptake: membrane binding, EDPI, and EDPII. Because EDPI levels are weak compared to the two other types of accumulation and critical for the action of these drugs, the three components of uptake must be taken into account separately when drawing conclusions about aminoglycoside function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Sabeti Azad
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maho Okuda
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mélina Cyrenne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mickael Bourge
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Heck
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Satoko Yoshizawa
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dominique Fourmy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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60
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Liu Y, Jia Y, Yang K, Wang Z. Heterogeneous Strategies to Eliminate Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:563. [PMID: 32390959 PMCID: PMC7192003 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic tolerance in bacterial pathogens that are genetically susceptible, but phenotypically tolerant to treatment, represents a growing crisis for public health. In particular, the intracellular bacteria-mediated antibiotic tolerance by acting as “Trojan horses” play a critical and underappreciated role in the disease burden of bacterial infections. Thus, more intense efforts are required to tackle this problem. In this review, we firstly provide a brief overview of modes of action of bacteria invasion and survival in macrophage or non-professional phagocytic cells. Furthermore, we summarize our current knowledge about promising strategies to eliminate these intracellular bacterial pathogens, including direct bactericidal agents, antibiotic delivery to infection sites by various carriers, and activation of host immune functions. Finally, we succinctly discuss the challenges faced by bringing them into clinical trials and our constructive perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuqian Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kangni Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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61
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Baussier C, Fakroun S, Aubert C, Dubrac S, Mandin P, Py B, Barras F. Making iron-sulfur cluster: structure, regulation and evolution of the bacterial ISC system. Adv Microb Physiol 2020; 76:1-39. [PMID: 32408945 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron sulfur (Fe-S) clusters rank among the most ancient and conserved prosthetic groups. Fe-S clusters containing proteins are present in most, if not all, organisms. Fe-S clusters containing proteins are involved in a wide range of cellular processes, from gene regulation to central metabolism, via gene expression, RNA modification or bioenergetics. Fe-S clusters are built by biogenesis machineries conserved throughout both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We focus mostly on bacterial ISC machinery, but not exclusively, as we refer to eukaryotic ISC system when it brings significant complementary information. Besides covering the structural and regulatory aspects of Fe-S biogenesis, this review aims to highlight Fe-S biogenesis facets remaining matters of discussion, such as the role of frataxin, or the link between fatty acid metabolism and Fe-S homeostasis. Last, we discuss recent advances on strategies used by different species to make and use Fe-S clusters in changing redox environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Baussier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS-Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologies, Marseille, France
| | - Soufyan Fakroun
- Stress Adaptation and Metabolism Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; ERL CNRS 6002, CNRS, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Aubert
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS-Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologies, Marseille, France
| | - Sarah Dubrac
- Stress Adaptation and Metabolism Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; ERL CNRS 6002, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mandin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS-Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologies, Marseille, France
| | - Béatrice Py
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS-Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7283, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologies, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Barras
- Stress Adaptation and Metabolism Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; ERL CNRS 6002, CNRS, Paris, France
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Non-lethal exposure to H2O2 boosts bacterial survival and evolvability against oxidative stress. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008649. [PMID: 32163413 PMCID: PMC7093028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unicellular organisms have the prevalent challenge to survive under oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ROS are present as by-products of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. These reactive species are even employed by multicellular organisms as potent weapons against microbes. Although bacterial defences against lethal and sub-lethal oxidative stress have been studied in model bacteria, the role of fluctuating H2O2 concentrations remains unexplored. It is known that sub-lethal exposure of Escherichia coli to H2O2 results in enhanced survival upon subsequent exposure. Here we investigate the priming response to H2O2 at physiological concentrations. The basis and the duration of the response (memory) were also determined by time-lapse quantitative proteomics. We found that a low level of H2O2 induced several scavenging enzymes showing a long half-life, subsequently protecting cells from future exposure. We then asked if the phenotypic resistance against H2O2 alters the evolution of resistance against oxygen stress. Experimental evolution of H2O2 resistance revealed faster evolution and higher levels of resistance in primed cells. Several mutations were found to be associated with resistance in evolved populations affecting different loci but, counterintuitively, none of them was directly associated with scavenging systems. Our results have important implications for host colonisation and infections where microbes often encounter reactive oxygen species in gradients. Throughout evolution, bacteria were exposed to reactive oxygen species and evolved the ability to scavenge toxic oxygen radicals. Furthermore, multicellular organisms evolved the ability to produce such oxygen species directed against pathogens. Recent studies also suggest that ROS such as H2O2 play an important role during host gut colonisation by its microbiota. Traditionally, experiments with different antimicrobials have been carried out using fixed concentrations while in nature, including in intra-host environments, microbes are more likely to experience this type of stress in steps or gradients. Here we show that bacteria treated with sub-lethal concentrations of H2O2 (priming) survive far better than non-treated cells when they subsequently encounter a higher concentration. We also found that the 'priming' response has a protective role from lethal mutagenesis. This protection is provided by long-lived proteins that, upon priming, remain at a high level for several generations as determined by time-lapse LC-mass spectrometry. Bacteria that were primed evolved H2O2 resistance faster and to a higher level. Moreover, mutations that increase resistance to H2O2, as determined by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), do not occur in known scavenger encoding genes but in loci coding for other functions, at least in E. coli.
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Frei A, Amado M, Cooper MA, Blaskovich MAT. Light-Activated Rhenium Complexes with Dual Mode of Action against Bacteria. Chemistry 2020; 26:2852-2858. [PMID: 31788867 PMCID: PMC7687258 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
New antibiotics and innovative approaches to kill drug-resistant bacteria are urgently needed. Metal complexes offer access to alternative modes of action but have only sparingly been investigated in antibacterial drug discovery. We have developed a light-activated rhenium complex with activity against drug-resistant S. aureus and E. coli. The activity profile against mutant strains combined with assessments of cellular uptake and synergy suggest two distinct modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Frei
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueensland4072Australia
| | - Maite Amado
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueensland4072Australia
| | - Matthew A. Cooper
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueensland4072Australia
| | - Mark A. T. Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueensland4072Australia
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Phagomimetic action of antibiotics: Revisited. How do antibiotics know where to go? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:721-724. [PMID: 31703841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytic cells know exactly where an infection is by following chemotactic signals. The phagocytosis of bacteria results in a 'respiratory burst' in which superoxide radicals are released. We have previously compared the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by antibiotics, during electron transfer reactions, to this event. Antibiotics in their normal bacterial environment, and ROS, are both increasingly implicated in purposeful signalling functions, rather than their more widely known roles in bacterial killing and molecular damage. Here, we extend our comparison between antibiotics and phagocytic cells to propose that antibiotics actively accumulate at a site of pathogen infection or tumour growth. A common link being virulent cellular growth. When this occurs, new proteins are secreted, aberrant iron acquisition takes place, and lipocalins are released. Each provide a mechanism by which antibiotics can bind, and be retained, at an active site of pathogen infection or tumour growth.
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ROS and diseases: role in metabolism and energy supply. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 467:1-12. [PMID: 31813106 PMCID: PMC7089381 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Researches dedicated to reactive oxygen species (ROS) had been performed for decades, yet the outcomes remain controversial. With the relentless effort of studies, researchers have explored the role of ROS in biosystem and various diseases. ROS are beneficial for biosystem presenting as signalling molecules and enhancing immunologic defence. However, they also have harmful effects such as causing tissue and organ damages. The results are controversial in studies focusing on ROS and ROS-related diseases by regulating ROS with inhibitors or promotors. These competing results hindered the process for further investigation of the specific mechanisms lying behind. The opinions presented in this review interpret the researches of ROS from a different dimension that might explain the competing results of ROS introduced so far from a broader perspective. This review brings a different thinking to researchers, with the neglected features and potentials of ROS, to relate their works with ROS and to explore the mechanisms between their subject and ROS.
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Chitosan Films for Microfluidic Studies of Single Bacteria and Perspectives for Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.01375-19. [PMID: 31431549 PMCID: PMC6703423 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01375-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Current microfluidic techniques are powerful to study bacteria and determine their response to antibiotic treatment, but they are currently limited by their complex manipulation. Chitosan films are fully biocompatible and could thus be a viable replacement for existing commercial devices that currently use polylysine. Thus, the low cost of chitosan slides and their simple implementation make them highly versatile for research as well as clinical use. Single-cell microfluidics is a powerful method to study bacteria and determine their susceptibility to antibiotic treatment. Glass treatment by adhesive molecules is a potential solution to immobilize bacterial cells and perform microscopy, but traditional cationic polymers such as polylysine deeply affect bacterial physiology. In this work, we chemically characterized a class of chitosan polymers for their biocompatibility when adsorbed to glass. Chitosan chains of known length and composition allowed growth of Escherichia coli cells without any deleterious effects on cell physiology. Combined with a machine learning approach, this method could measure the antibiotic susceptibility of a diversity of clinical strains in less than 1 h and with higher accuracy than current methods. Finally, chitosan polymers also supported growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae, another bacterial pathogen of clinical significance.
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Garcia PS, Gribaldo S, Py B, Barras F. The SUF system: an ABC ATPase-dependent protein complex with a role in Fe-S cluster biogenesis. Res Microbiol 2019; 170:426-434. [PMID: 31419582 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are considered one of the most ancient and versatile inorganic cofactors present in the three domains of life. Fe-S clusters can act as redox sensors or catalysts and are found to be used by a large number of functional and structurally diverse proteins. Here, we cover current knowledge of the SUF multiprotein machinery that synthesizes and inserts Fe-S clusters into proteins. Specific focus is put on the ABC ATPase SufC, which contributes to building Fe-S clusters, and appeared early on during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Simon Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Stress Adaptation and Metabolism in Enterobacteria Unit, ERL CNRS 6002, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France; Department of Microbiology, Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Simonetta Gribaldo
- Department of Microbiology, Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Py
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, UMR7243 Aix-Marseille Université CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - Frédéric Barras
- Department of Microbiology, Stress Adaptation and Metabolism in Enterobacteria Unit, ERL CNRS 6002, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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Gervason S, Larkem D, Mansour AB, Botzanowski T, Müller CS, Pecqueur L, Le Pavec G, Delaunay-Moisan A, Brun O, Agramunt J, Grandas A, Fontecave M, Schünemann V, Cianférani S, Sizun C, Tolédano MB, D'Autréaux B. Physiologically relevant reconstitution of iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis uncovers persulfide-processing functions of ferredoxin-2 and frataxin. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3566. [PMID: 31395877 PMCID: PMC6687725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are essential protein cofactors whose biosynthetic defects lead to severe diseases among which is Friedreich's ataxia caused by impaired expression of frataxin (FXN). Fe-S clusters are biosynthesized on the scaffold protein ISCU, with cysteine desulfurase NFS1 providing sulfur as persulfide and ferredoxin FDX2 supplying electrons, in a process stimulated by FXN but not clearly understood. Here, we report the breakdown of this process, made possible by removing a zinc ion in ISCU that hinders iron insertion and promotes non-physiological Fe-S cluster synthesis from free sulfide in vitro. By binding zinc-free ISCU, iron drives persulfide uptake from NFS1 and allows persulfide reduction into sulfide by FDX2, thereby coordinating sulfide production with its availability to generate Fe-S clusters. FXN stimulates the whole process by accelerating persulfide transfer. We propose that this reconstitution recapitulates physiological conditions which provides a model for Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, clarifies the roles of FDX2 and FXN and may help develop Friedreich's ataxia therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Gervason
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Djabir Larkem
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Amir Ben Mansour
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Thomas Botzanowski
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christina S Müller
- Fachbreich Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ludovic Pecqueur
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gwenaelle Le Pavec
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Agnès Delaunay-Moisan
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Omar Brun
- Departament de Química Orgànica i IBUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Agramunt
- Departament de Química Orgànica i IBUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Grandas
- Departament de Química Orgànica i IBUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Volker Schünemann
- Fachbreich Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christina Sizun
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel B Tolédano
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Benoit D'Autréaux
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
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Abstract
The global regulatory protein CsrA coordinates gene expression in response to physiological cues reflecting cellular stress and nutrition. CsrA binding to the 5' segments of mRNA targets affects their translation, RNA stability, and/or transcript elongation. Recent studies identified probable mRNA targets of CsrA that are involved in iron uptake and storage in Escherichia coli, suggesting an unexplored role for CsrA in regulating iron homeostasis. Here, we assessed the impact of CsrA on iron-related gene expression, cellular iron, and growth under various iron levels. We investigated five new targets of CsrA regulation, including the genes for 4 ferritin or ferritin-like iron storage proteins (ISPs) and the stress-inducible Fe-S repair protein, SufA. CsrA bound with high affinity and specificity to ftnB, bfr, and dps mRNAs and inhibited their translation, while it modestly activated ftnA expression. Furthermore, CsrA was found to regulate cellular iron levels and support growth by repressing the expression of genes for ISPs, most importantly, ferritin B (FtnB) and bacterioferritin (Bfr). Iron starvation did not substantially affect cellular levels of CsrA or its small RNA (sRNA) antagonists, CsrB and CsrC. csrA disruption led to increased resistance to the lethal effects of H2O2 during exponential growth, consistent with a regulatory role in oxidative stress resistance. We propose that during exponential growth and under minimal stress, CsrA represses the deleterious expression of the ISPs that function under oxidative stress and stationary-phase conditions (FtnB, Bfr, and Dps), thus ensuring that cellular iron is available to processes that are required for growth.IMPORTANCE Iron is an essential micronutrient for nearly all living organisms but is toxic in excess. Consequently, the maintenance of iron homeostasis is a critical biological process, and the genes involved in this function are tightly regulated. Here, we explored a new role for the bacterial RNA binding protein CsrA in the regulation of iron homeostasis. CsrA was shown to be a key regulator of iron storage genes in Escherichia coli, with consequential effects on cellular iron levels and growth. Our findings establish a model in which robust CsrA activity during the exponential phase of growth leads to repression of genes whose products sequester iron or divert it to unnecessary stress response processes. In so doing, CsrA supports E. coli growth under iron-limiting laboratory conditions and may promote fitness in the competitive iron-limited environment of the host large intestine.
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Liu X, Wang J, Chen M, Che R, Ding W, Yu F, Zhou Y, Cui W, Xiaoxu X, God'spower BO, Li Y. Comparative proteomic analysis reveals drug resistance of Staphylococcus xylosus ATCC700404 under tylosin stress. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:224. [PMID: 31266490 PMCID: PMC6604186 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a kind of opportunist pathogen, Staphylococcus xylosus (S. xylosus) can cause mastitis. Antibiotics are widely used for treating infected animals and tylosin is a member of such group. Thus, the continuous use of antibiotics in dairy livestock enterprise will go a long way in increasing tylosin resistance. However, the mechanism of tylosin-resistant S. xylosus is not clear. Here, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics methods was used to find resistance-related proteins. Results We compared the differential expression of S. xylosus in response to tylosin stress by iTRAQ. A total of 155 proteins (59 up-regulated, 96 down-regulated) with the fold-change of >1.2 or <0.8 (p value ≤0.05) were observed between the S. xylosus treated with 1/2 MIC (0.25 μg/mL) tylosin and the untreated S. xylosus. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these proteins play important roles in stress-response and transcription. Then, in order to verify the relationship between the above changed proteins and mechanism of tylosin-resistant S. xylosus, we induced the tylosin-resistant S. xylosus, and performed quantitative PCR analysis to verify the changes in the transcription proteins and the stress-response proteins in tylosin-resistant S. xylosus at the mRNA level. The data displayed that ribosomal protein L23 (rplw), thioredoxin(trxA) and Aldehyde dehydrogenase A(aldA-1) are up-regulated in the tylosin-resistant S. xylosus, compared with the tylosin-sensitive strains. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the important of stress-response and transcription in the tylosin resistance of S. xylosus and provide an insight into the prevention of this resistance, which would aid in finding new medicines . Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1959-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Road Changjiang, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Road Changjiang, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Road Changjiang, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixiang Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Road Changjiang, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenya Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Road Changjiang, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Road Changjiang, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Road Changjiang, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Road Changjiang, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Xiaoxu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Road Changjiang, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bello-Onaghise God'spower
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Road Changjiang, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Road Changjiang, Xiangfang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Barton JK, Silva RMB, O'Brien E. Redox Chemistry in the Genome: Emergence of the [4Fe4S] Cofactor in Repair and Replication. Annu Rev Biochem 2019; 88:163-190. [PMID: 31220976 PMCID: PMC6590699 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-013118-110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many DNA-processing enzymes have been shown to contain a [4Fe4S] cluster, a common redox cofactor in biology. Using DNA electrochemistry, we find that binding of the DNA polyanion promotes a negative shift in [4Fe4S] cluster potential, which corresponds thermodynamically to a ∼500-fold increase in DNA-binding affinity for the oxidized [4Fe4S]3+ cluster versus the reduced [4Fe4S]2+ cluster. This redox switch can be activated from a distance using DNA charge transport (DNA CT) chemistry. DNA-processing proteins containing the [4Fe4S] cluster are enumerated, with possible roles for the redox switch highlighted. A model is described where repair proteins may signal one another using DNA-mediated charge transport as a first step in their search for lesions. The redox switch in eukaryotic DNA primases appears to regulate polymerase handoff, and in DNA polymerase δ, the redox switch provides a means to modulate replication in response to oxidative stress. We thus describe redox signaling interactions of DNA-processing [4Fe4S] enzymes, as well as the most interesting potential players to consider in delineating new DNA-mediated redox signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline K Barton
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA;
| | - Rebekah M B Silva
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA;
| | - Elizabeth O'Brien
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA;
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General Mechanisms Leading to Persister Formation and Awakening. Trends Genet 2019; 35:401-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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A small RNA controls bacterial sensitivity to gentamicin during iron starvation. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008078. [PMID: 31009454 PMCID: PMC6497325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic resistance describes a bacterial population that becomes transiently resistant to an antibiotic without requiring a genetic change. We here investigated the role of the small regulatory RNA (sRNA) RyhB, a key contributor to iron homeostasis, in the phenotypic resistance of Escherichia coli to various classes of antibiotics. We found that RyhB induces phenotypic resistance to gentamicin, an aminoglycoside that targets the ribosome, when iron is scarce. RyhB induced resistance is due to the inhibition of respiratory complexes Nuo and Sdh activities. These complexes, which contain numerous Fe-S clusters, are crucial for generating a proton motive force (pmf) that allows gentamicin uptake. RyhB regulates negatively the expression of nuo and sdh, presumably by binding to their mRNAs and, as a consequence, inhibiting their translation. We further show that Isc Fe-S biogenesis machinery is essential for the maturation of Nuo. As RyhB also limits levels of the Isc machinery, we propose that RyhB may also indirectly impact the maturation of Nuo and Sdh. Notably, our study shows that respiratory complexes activity levels are predictive of the bacterial sensitivity to gentamicin. Altogether, these results unveil a new role for RyhB in the adaptation to antibiotic stress, an unprecedented consequence of its role in iron starvation stress response. Understanding the mechanisms at work behind bacterial antibiotic resistance has become a major health issue in the face of the antibiotics crisis. Here, we show that RyhB, a bacterial small regulatory RNA, decreases the sensitivity of Escherichia coli to the antibiotic gentamicin when iron is scarce, an environmental situation prevalent during host-pathogen interactions. This phenotypic resistance is related to the activity of the respiratory complexes Nuo and Sdh, which are producing the proton motive force allowing antibiotic uptake. Altogether, this study points out to a major role for RyhB in escaping antibacterial action.
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Maeda T, Horinouchi T, Sakata N, Sakai A, Furusawa C. High-throughput identification of the sensitivities of an Escherichia coli ΔrecA mutant strain to various chemical compounds. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:566-573. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Torres A, Kasturiarachi N, DuPont M, Cooper VS, Bomberger J, Zemke A. NADH Dehydrogenases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Growth and Virulence. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:75. [PMID: 30804898 PMCID: PMC6370648 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen with a complex respiratory chain. The bacterium is predicted to express three NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductases (NDH-1, NDH-2 and Nqr). We created deletions strains of the predicted NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductases alone, and in combination to determine the respective roles of the NADH dehydrogenases in growth and virulence. NDH-1 and NDH-2 were largely redundant under aerobic conditions. Aerobic NADH dehydrogenase enzymatic activity assay was lost with deletion of both NDH-1 and NDH-2. Under anaerobic conditions, NDH-1 was required for robust growth, and overexpression of NDH-2 rescued the NDH-1 anaerobic growth defect in rich media. There was not compensatory upregulation of NDH-2 under anaerobic conditions in NDH-1 deletion strains. To test which genes were required for in vivo virulence, we used both an insect and plant disease model. In the Galleria mellonella model, neither deletion of NDH-1 nor NDH-2 led to a change in median lethal dose, although death occurred more slowly in the NDH-1 deletion infections. In a lettuce model of virulence, loss of NDH-1 caused a decrease in recovered viable bacteria and a decrease in visual tissue damage. The compound deletion of NDH-1/NDH-2 causes a severe growth defect, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and was avirulent in a lettuce model. Together, these results demonstrate the redundancy of the P. aeruginosa respiratory chain at the NADH dehydrogenase level in aerobic growth and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Torres
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Naomi Kasturiarachi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew DuPont
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vaughn S Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anna Zemke
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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76
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Superoxide dismutase activity confers (p)ppGpp-mediated antibiotic tolerance to stationary-phase Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:9797-9802. [PMID: 30201715 PMCID: PMC6166797 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804525115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolically quiescent bacteria represent a large proportion of those in natural and host environments, and they are often refractory to antibiotic treatment. Such drug tolerance is also observed in the laboratory during stationary phase, when bacteria face stress and starvation-induced growth arrest. Tolerance requires (p)ppGpp signaling, which mediates the stress and starvation stringent response (SR), but the downstream effectors that confer tolerance are unclear. We previously demonstrated that the SR is linked to increased antioxidant defenses in Pseudomonas aeruginosa We now demonstrate that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity is a key factor in SR-mediated multidrug tolerance in stationary-phase P. aeruginosa Inactivation of the SR leads to loss of SOD activity and decreased multidrug tolerance during stationary phase. Genetic or chemical complementation of SOD activity of the ΔrelA spoT mutant (ΔSR) is sufficient to restore antibiotic tolerance to WT levels. Remarkably, we observe high membrane permeability and increased drug internalization upon ablation of SOD activity. Combined, our results highlight an unprecedented mode of SR-mediated multidrug tolerance in stationary-phase P. aeruginosa and suggest that inhibition of SOD activity may potentiate current antibiotics.
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77
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Mateus A, Bobonis J, Kurzawa N, Stein F, Helm D, Hevler J, Typas A, Savitski MM. Thermal proteome profiling in bacteria: probing protein state in vivo. Mol Syst Biol 2018; 14:e8242. [PMID: 29980614 PMCID: PMC6056769 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20188242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance urges for new technologies for studying microbes and antimicrobial mechanism of action. We adapted thermal proteome profiling (TPP) to probe the thermostability of Escherichia coli proteins in vivoE. coli had a more thermostable proteome than human cells, with protein thermostability depending on subcellular location-forming a high-to-low gradient from the cell surface to the cytoplasm. While subunits of protein complexes residing in one compartment melted similarly, protein complexes spanning compartments often had their subunits melting in a location-wise manner. Monitoring the E. coli meltome and proteome at different growth phases captured changes in metabolism. Cells lacking TolC, a component of multiple efflux pumps, exhibited major physiological changes, including differential thermostability and levels of its interaction partners, signaling cascades, and periplasmic quality control. Finally, we combined in vitro and in vivo TPP to identify targets of known antimicrobial drugs and to map their downstream effects. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TPP can be used in bacteria to probe protein complex architecture, metabolic pathways, and intracellular drug target engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mateus
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacob Bobonis
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils Kurzawa
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- Proteomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hevler
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Athanasios Typas
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikhail M Savitski
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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78
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Brochado AR, Telzerow A, Bobonis J, Banzhaf M, Mateus A, Selkrig J, Huth E, Bassler S, Zamarreño Beas J, Zietek M, Ng N, Foerster S, Ezraty B, Py B, Barras F, Savitski MM, Bork P, Göttig S, Typas A. Species-specific activity of antibacterial drug combinations. Nature 2018; 559:259-263. [PMID: 29973719 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The spread of antimicrobial resistance has become a serious public health concern, making once-treatable diseases deadly again and undermining the achievements of modern medicine1,2. Drug combinations can help to fight multi-drug-resistant bacterial infections, yet they are largely unexplored and rarely used in clinics. Here we profile almost 3,000 dose-resolved combinations of antibiotics, human-targeted drugs and food additives in six strains from three Gram-negative pathogens-Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-to identify general principles for antibacterial drug combinations and understand their potential. Despite the phylogenetic relatedness of the three species, more than 70% of the drug-drug interactions that we detected are species-specific and 20% display strain specificity, revealing a large potential for narrow-spectrum therapies. Overall, antagonisms are more common than synergies and occur almost exclusively between drugs that target different cellular processes, whereas synergies are more conserved and are enriched in drugs that target the same process. We provide mechanistic insights into this dichotomy and further dissect the interactions of the food additive vanillin. Finally, we demonstrate that several synergies are effective against multi-drug-resistant clinical isolates in vitro and during infections of the larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, with one reverting resistance to the last-resort antibiotic colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Brochado
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Telzerow
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacob Bobonis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Banzhaf
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology & Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - André Mateus
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joel Selkrig
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emily Huth
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Hospital of Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Bassler
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jordi Zamarreño Beas
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS UMR 7283, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Matylda Zietek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Ng
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sunniva Foerster
- Institute of Social & Preventive Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Ezraty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS UMR 7283, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Béatrice Py
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS UMR 7283, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Barras
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS UMR 7283, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mikhail M Savitski
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peer Bork
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural & Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Göttig
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Hospital of Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Athanasios Typas
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany. .,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural & Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
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79
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Robertson J, Gizdavic-Nikolaidis M, Nieuwoudt MK, Swift S. The antimicrobial action of polyaniline involves production of oxidative stress while functionalisation of polyaniline introduces additional mechanisms. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5135. [PMID: 29967756 PMCID: PMC6026458 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) and functionalised polyanilines (fPANI) are novel antimicrobial agents whose mechanism of action was investigated. Escherichia coli single gene deletion mutants revealed that the antimicrobial mechanism of PANI likely involves production of hydrogen peroxide while homopolymer poly(3-aminobenzoic acid), P3ABA, used as an example of a fPANI, disrupts metabolic and respiratory machinery, by targeting ATP synthase and causes acid stress. PANI was more active against E. coli in aerobic, compared to anaerobic, conditions, while this was apparent for P3ABA only in rich media. Greater activity in aerobic conditions suggests involvement of reactive oxygen species. P3ABA treatment causes an increase in intracellular free iron, which is linked to perturbation of metabolic enzymes and could promote reactive oxygen species production. Addition of exogenous catalase protected E. coli from PANI antimicrobial action; however, this was not apparent for P3ABA treated cells. The results presented suggest that PANI induces production of hydrogen peroxide, which can promote formation of hydroxyl radicals causing biomolecule damage and potentially cell death. P3ABA is thought to act as an uncoupler by targeting ATP synthase resulting in a futile cycle, which precipitates dysregulation of iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, acid stress, and potentially the fatal loss of proton motive force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Robertson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Simon Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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80
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Influence of Reactive Oxygen Species on De Novo Acquisition of Resistance to Bactericidal Antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.02354-17. [PMID: 29581120 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02354-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The radical-based theory proposes that three major classes of bactericidal antibiotics, i.e., β-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides, have in common the downstream formation of lethal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as part of the killing mechanism. If bactericidal antibiotics exhibit a common mechanism, then it is to be expected that the acquisition of resistance against these drugs would have some shared traits as well. Indeed, cells made resistant to one bactericidal antibiotic more rapidly became resistant to another. This effect was absent after induced resistance to a bacteriostatic drug. De novo acquisition of resistance to one bactericidal antibiotic provided partial protection to killing by bactericidal antibiotics from a different class. This protective effect was observed in short-term experiments. No protective effect was detected during 24-h exposures, suggesting that cross-resistance did not occur. In the wild-type strain, exposure to bactericidal antibiotics increased intracellular ROS levels. This increase in ROS levels was not observed when strains resistant to these drugs were exposed to the same concentrations. These results indicate that de novo acquisition of resistance to the bactericidal drugs tested involves a common cellular response that provides protection against ROS accumulation upon exposure to this type of antibiotics. A central mechanism or at least a few common elements within the separate mechanisms possibly play a role during the acquisition of antibiotic resistance.
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81
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Py B, Gerez C, Huguenot A, Vidaud C, Fontecave M, Ollagnier de Choudens S, Barras F. The ErpA/NfuA complex builds an oxidation-resistant Fe-S cluster delivery pathway. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7689-7702. [PMID: 29626095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe-S cluster-containing proteins occur in most organisms, wherein they assist in myriad processes from metabolism to DNA repair via gene expression and bioenergetic processes. Here, we used both in vitro and in vivo methods to investigate the capacity of the four Fe-S carriers, NfuA, SufA, ErpA, and IscA, to fulfill their targeting role under oxidative stress. Likewise, Fe-S clusters exhibited varying half-lives, depending on the carriers they were bound to; an NfuA-bound Fe-S cluster was more stable (t½ = 100 min) than those bound to SufA (t½ = 55 min), ErpA (t½ = 54 min), or IscA (t½ = 45 min). Surprisingly, the presence of NfuA further enhanced stability of the ErpA-bound cluster to t½ = 90 min. Using genetic and plasmon surface resonance analyses, we showed that NfuA and ErpA interacted directly with client proteins, whereas IscA or SufA did not. Moreover, NfuA and ErpA interacted with one another. Given all of these observations, we propose an architecture of the Fe-S delivery network in which ErpA is the last factor that delivers cluster directly to most if not all client proteins. NfuA is proposed to assist ErpA under severely unfavorable conditions. A comparison with the strategy employed in yeast and eukaryotes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Py
- From the Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France, .,CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7283, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne (LCB), 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Gerez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France.,CNRS UMR 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), 38054 Grenoble, France.,CEA/DRF/BIG/CBM/BioCat, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Allison Huguenot
- From the Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France.,CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7283, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne (LCB), 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, 13007 Marseille, France
| | | | - Marc Fontecave
- the Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, Collège de France, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Ollagnier de Choudens
- Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France.,CNRS UMR 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), 38054 Grenoble, France.,CEA/DRF/BIG/CBM/BioCat, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Barras
- From the Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13009 Marseille, France, .,CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7283, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne (LCB), 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, 13007 Marseille, France
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82
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Ajiboye TO, Skiebe E, Wilharm G. Contributions of ferric uptake regulator Fur to the sensitivity and oxidative response of Acinetobacter baumannii to antibiotics. Microb Pathog 2018; 119:35-41. [PMID: 29614366 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is important in the regulation of bacterial iron metabolism and uptake of Fe from the environment. We evaluated the contribution of fur to the sensitivity and oxidative response of A. baumannii to antibiotics. Deletion of fur increased the sensitivity of A. baumannii AB5075 to colistin, gentamicin, rifampicin and tigecycline. Furthermore, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in Δfur mutant decreased significantly compared to the parental strain. Conversely, •O2- and H2O2 accumulate in colistin, gentamicin, rifampicin or tigecycline-treated Δfur mutant compared to the parental strain. Ferrous ion (Fe2+) content of Δfur mutant increased compared to the parental strain. Fe chelator 2,2'-bipyridyl lowered the sensitivity of A. baumannii to the antibiotics. The antibiotics, except tigecycline, raised the NAD+/NADH and ADP/ATP ratio of Δfur mutant compared to the WT. Glutathione content of Δfur mutant was significantly depleted compared to parental strain following exposure to the antibiotics. We conclude that decreased capability of Δfur mutant to detoxify reactive oxygen species raised its susceptibility to antibiotics through Fenton chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nile University of Nigeria, FCT-Abuja, Nigeria; Project Group P2, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Germany.
| | - E Skiebe
- Project Group P2, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Germany
| | - G Wilharm
- Project Group P2, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Germany
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83
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Ibacache-Quiroga C, Oliveros JC, Couce A, Blázquez J. Parallel Evolution of High-Level Aminoglycoside Resistance in Escherichia coli Under Low and High Mutation Supply Rates. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:427. [PMID: 29615988 PMCID: PMC5867336 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major concern in public health worldwide, thus there is much interest in characterizing the mutational pathways through which susceptible bacteria evolve resistance. Here we use experimental evolution to explore the mutational pathways toward aminoglycoside resistance, using gentamicin as a model, under low and high mutation supply rates. Our results show that both normo and hypermutable strains of Escherichia coli are able to develop resistance to drug dosages > 1,000-fold higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration for their ancestors. Interestingly, such level of resistance was often associated with changes in susceptibility to other antibiotics, most prominently with increased resistance to fosfomycin. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that all resistant derivatives presented diverse mutations in five common genetic elements: fhuA, fusA and the atpIBEFHAGDC, cyoABCDE, and potABCD operons. Despite the large number of mutations acquired, hypermutable strains did not pay, apparently, fitness cost. In contrast to recent studies, we found that the mutation supply rate mainly affected the speed (tempo) but not the pattern (mode) of evolution: both backgrounds acquired the mutations in the same order, although the hypermutator strain did it faster. This observation is compatible with the adaptive landscape for high-level gentamicin resistance being relatively smooth, with few local maxima; which might be a common feature among antibiotics for which resistance involves multiple loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ibacache-Quiroga
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Micro-Bioinnovación, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Alejandro Couce
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1137, Infection, Antimicrobiens, Modélisation, Evolution, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jesus Blázquez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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84
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Fe-S Clusters Emerging as Targets of Therapeutic Drugs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3647657. [PMID: 29445445 PMCID: PMC5763138 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3647657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fe-S centers exhibit strong electronic plasticity, which is of importance for insuring fine redox tuning of protein biological properties. In accordance, Fe-S clusters are also highly sensitive to oxidation and can be very easily altered in vivo by different drugs, either directly or indirectly due to catabolic by-products, such as nitric oxide species (NOS) or reactive oxygen species (ROS). In case of metal ions, Fe-S cluster alteration might be the result of metal liganding to the coordinating sulfur atoms, as suggested for copper. Several drugs presented through this review are either capable of direct interaction with Fe-S clusters or of secondary Fe-S clusters alteration following ROS or NOS production. Reactions leading to Fe-S cluster disruption are also reported. Due to the recent interest and progress in Fe-S biology, it is very likely that an increasing number of drugs already used in clinics will emerge as molecules interfering with Fe-S centers in the near future. Targeting Fe-S centers could also become a promising strategy for drug development.
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85
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Zhou H, Chen X. Expression, purification and function of cysteine desulfurase from Sulfobacillus acidophilus TPY isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vent. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:360. [PMID: 28979833 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cysteine desulfurase (SufS) gene of Sulfobacillus acidophilus TPY, a Gram-positive bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vent, was cloned and over-expressed in E. coli BL21. The recombinant SufS protein was purified by one-step affinity chromatography. The TPY SufS contained a well conserved motif RXGHHCA as found in that of other microorganisms, suggesting that it belonged to group II of cysteine desulfurase family. The recombinant TPY SufS could catalyze the conversion of l-cysteine to l-alanine and produce persulfide, and the enzyme activity was 95 μ/μL of sulfur ion per minute. The growth of E. coli BL21 was promoted by over-expressing TPY SufS in vivo or by directly adding recombinant TPY SufS in the medium (4.3-4.5 × 108 cells/mL vs. 3.2-3.5 × 108 cells/mL). Furthermore, the highest cell density of E. coli BL21 when the TPY SufS was over-expressed was about 3.5 times that of the control groups in the presence of sodium thiosulfate. These results indicate that the SUF system as the only assembly system of iron-sulfur clusters not only has significant roles in survival of S. acidophilus TPY, but also might be important for combating with high content of sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 People's Republic of China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, 361005 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 People's Republic of China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 People's Republic of China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, 361005 People's Republic of China
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86
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Dadura K, Płocińska R, Rumijowska-Galewicz A, Płociński P, Żaczek A, Dziadek B, Zaborowski A, Dziadek J. PdtaS Deficiency Affects Resistance of Mycobacteria to Ribosome Targeting Antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2145. [PMID: 29163430 PMCID: PMC5676007 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-component regulatory systems (TCSSs) are key regulatory elements responsible for the adaptation of bacteria to environmental stresses. A classical TCSS is typically comprised of a sensory histidine kinase and a corresponding response regulator. Here, we used homologous recombination to construct a Mycobacterium smegmatis mutant defective in the synthesis of cytosolic histidine kinase PdtaS (Msmeg_1918). The resulting ΔpdtaS mutant strain was tested in the Phenotype Microarray screening system, which allowed us to identify aminoglycoside antibiotic sensitivity, tetracyclines antibiotic resistance as well as membrane transport and respiration, as the main processes affected by removal of pdtaS. The antibiotic sensitivity profiles were confirmed by survival assessment and complementation studies. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the observed phenotype, we compared ribosomal RNA and protein profiles of the mutant and wild-type strains. We carried out Northern blotting and qRT-PCR to compare rRNA levels and analyzed ribosome sedimentation patterns of the wild-type and mutant strains on sucrose gradients. Isolated ribosomes were further used to estimate relative abundance of individual proteins in the ribosomal subunits using label free mass spectrometry analysis. Additionally, the ΔpdtaS mutant revealed lower activity of the respiratory chain as measured by the rate of TTC (triphenyltetrazolium chloride) reduction, while at the same time showing only insignificant changes in the uptake of aminoglycosides. We postulate that deficiency of PdtaS affects the oxidative respiration rates and ribosomal composition causing relevant changes to intrinsic resistance or susceptibility to antibiotics targeting ribosomes, which are commonly used to treat mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dadura
- Institute for Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Renata Płocińska
- Institute for Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Żaczek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Bożena Dziadek
- Department of Immunoparasitology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Jarosław Dziadek
- Institute for Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
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87
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Nagamalleswari E, Rao S, Vasu K, Nagaraja V. Restriction endonuclease triggered bacterial apoptosis as a mechanism for long time survival. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:8423-8434. [PMID: 28854737 PMCID: PMC5737642 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) under certain conditions is one of the features of bacterial altruism. Given the bacterial diversity and varied life style, different PCD mechanisms must be operational that remain largely unexplored. We describe restriction endonuclease (REase) mediated cell death by an apoptotic pathway, beneficial for isogenic bacterial communities. Cell death is pronounced in stationary phase and when the enzyme exhibits promiscuous DNA cleavage activity. We have elucidated the molecular mechanism of REase mediated cell killing and demonstrate that released nutrients from dying cells support the growth of the remaining cells in the population. These findings illustrate a new intracellular moonlighting role for REases which are otherwise established host defence arsenals. REase induced PCD appears to be a cellular design to replenish nutrients for cells undergoing starvation stress and the phenomenon could be wide spread in bacteria, given the abundance of restriction–modification (R–M) systems in the microbial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Easa Nagamalleswari
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sandhya Rao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kommireddy Vasu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Valakunja Nagaraja
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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88
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Lin TH, Tseng CY, Lai YC, Wu CC, Huang CF, Lin CT. IscR Regulation of Type 3 Fimbriae Expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1984. [PMID: 29085346 PMCID: PMC5650617 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In Klebsiella pneumoniae, we have previously shown that IscR, an Fe–S cluster-containing transcriptional factor, plays a dual role in controlling capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis and iron-acquisition systems by switching between its holo and apo forms. In this study, the effect of IscR on type 3 fimbriae expression and biofilm formation was investigated. We found that production of the major subunit of type 3 fimbriae, MrkA, was increased in the ΔiscR and iscR3CA strains, a strain expressing a mutant IscR that mimics apo-IscR, at both the translational and transcriptional levels. Based on the fact that type 3 fimbriae expression is the major factor affecting biofilm formation, increased biofilm formation was also found in ΔiscR or iscR3CA, suggesting that holo-IscR represses biofilm formation. However, the repression of type 3 fimbriae expression by IscR is indirect. To further understand the regulatory mechanism of IscR, the effect of IscR on the expression of mrkHIJ, which encodes cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP)-related regulatory proteins that control type 3 fimbriae expression, was studied. We found that holo-IscR could directly repress mrkHI transcription, indicating that MrkHI is required for IscR regulation of type 3 fimbriae expression. Finally, deletion of iscR attenuated K. pneumoniae virulence in a peritonitis model of mouse infection, while the absence of the [2Fe–2S] cluster of IscR had no effect on K. pneumoniae virulence during infection. Taken together, our results demonstrate the underlying mechanism of the [2Fe–2S] cluster of IscR in controlling type 3 fimbriae expression and its effect on K. pneumoniae pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Huang Lin
- Division of Urology, Taichung Tzu Chi General Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yin Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Section of Infectious Disease, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chyi Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Fa Huang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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89
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Yang JH, Bening SC, Collins JJ. Antibiotic efficacy-context matters. Curr Opin Microbiol 2017; 39:73-80. [PMID: 29049930 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic lethality is a complex physiological process, sensitive to external cues. Recent advances using systems approaches have revealed how events downstream of primary target inhibition actively participate in antibiotic death processes. In particular, altered metabolism, translational stress and DNA damage each contribute to antibiotic-induced cell death. Moreover, environmental factors such as oxygen availability, extracellular metabolites, population heterogeneity and multidrug contexts alter antibiotic efficacy by impacting bacterial metabolism and stress responses. Here we review recent studies on antibiotic efficacy and highlight insights gained on the involvement of cellular respiration, redox stress and altered metabolism in antibiotic lethality. We discuss the complexity found in natural environments and highlight knowledge gaps in antibiotic lethality that may be addressed using systems approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Yang
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sarah C Bening
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - James J Collins
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Cir, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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90
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Kaur G, Kumar V, Arora A, Tomar A, Ashish, Sur R, Dutta D. Affected energy metabolism under manganese stress governs cellular toxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11645. [PMID: 28928443 PMCID: PMC5605510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive manganese exposure is toxic, but a comprehensive biochemical picture of this assault is poorly understood. Whether oxidative stress or reduced energy metabolism under manganese exposure causes toxicity is still a debate. To address this, we chose ΔmntPEscherichia coli, a highly manganese-sensitive strain, in this study. Combining microarray, proteomics, and biochemical analyses, we show that the chronic manganese exposure rewires diverse regulatory and metabolic pathways. Manganese stress affects protein and other macromolecular stability, and envelope biogenesis. Most importantly, manganese exposure disrupts both iron-sulfur cluster and heme-enzyme biogenesis by depleting cellular iron level. Therefore, the compromised function of the iron-dependent enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and electron transport chain impede ATP synthesis, leading to severe energy deficiency. Manganese stress also evokes reactive oxygen species, inducing oxidative stress. However, suppressing oxidative stress does not improve oxidative phosphorylation and cell growth. On the contrary, iron supplementation resumed cell growth stimulating oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, we hypothesize that affected energy metabolism is the primal cause of manganese toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan Kaur
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.,Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Calcutta University, Kolkata, India
| | - Vineet Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Amit Arora
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Ajay Tomar
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Ashish
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Runa Sur
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Calcutta University, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipak Dutta
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
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91
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Barton LL, Ritz NL, Fauque GD, Lin HC. Sulfur Cycling and the Intestinal Microbiome. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:2241-2257. [PMID: 28766244 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the activities transpiring in the anaerobic segment of the sulfur cycle occurring in the gut environment where hydrogen sulfide is produced. While sulfate-reducing bacteria are considered as the principal agents for hydrogen sulfide production, the enzymatic desulfhydration of cysteine by heterotrophic bacteria also contributes to production of hydrogen sulfide. For sulfate-reducing bacteria respiration, molecular hydrogen and lactate are suitable as electron donors while sulfate functions as the terminal electron acceptor. Dietary components provide fiber and macromolecules that are degraded by bacterial enzymes to monomers, and these are fermented by intestinal bacteria with the production to molecular hydrogen which promotes the metabolic dominance by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Sulfate is also required by the sulfate-reducing bacteria, and this can be supplied by sulfate- and sulfonate-containing compounds that are hydrolyzed by intestinal bacterial with the release of sulfate. While hydrogen sulfide in the intestinal biosystem may be beneficial to bacteria by increasing resistance to antibiotics, and protecting them from reactive oxygen species, hydrogen sulfide at elevated concentrations may become toxic to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry L Barton
- Department of Biology, MSCO3 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Nathaniel L Ritz
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Guy D Fauque
- CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, Campus de Luminy, Case 901, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Henry C Lin
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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92
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How innate immunity proteins kill bacteria and why they are not prone to resistance. Curr Genet 2017; 64:125-129. [PMID: 28840318 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances on antibacterial activity of peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) offer some insight into how innate immunity has retained its antimicrobial effectiveness for millions of years with no frequent emergence of resistant strains. First, PGRP can bind to multiple components of bacterial envelope (peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, and lipopolysaccharide). Second, PGRP simultaneously induces oxidative, thiol, and metal stress responses in bacteria, which individually are bacteriostatic, but in combination are bactericidal. Third, PGRP induces oxidative, thiol, and metal stress responses in bacteria through three independent pathways. Fourth, antibacterial effects of PGRP are enhanced by other innate immune responses. Thus, emergence of PGRP resistance is prevented by bacteriostatic effect and independence of each PGRP-induced stress response, as PGRP resistance would require simultaneous acquisition of three separate mechanisms disabling the induction of all three stress responses. By contrast, each antibiotic has one primary target and one primary antibacterial mechanism, and for this reason resistance to antibiotics can be generated by inhibition of this primary mechanism. Manipulating bacterial metabolic responses can enhance bacterial killing by antibiotics and elimination of antibiotic-tolerant bacteria, but such manipulations do not overcome genetically encoded antibiotic resistance. Pathogens cause infections by evading, inhibiting, or subverting host immune responses.
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93
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Ollagnier de Choudens S, Barras F. Genetic, Biochemical, and Biophysical Methods for Studying FeS Proteins and Their Assembly. Methods Enzymol 2017; 595:1-32. [PMID: 28882198 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
FeS clusters containing proteins are structurally and functionally diverse and present in most organisms. Our understanding of FeS cluster production and insertion into polypeptides has benefited from collaborative efforts between in vitro and in vivo studies. The former allows a detailed description of FeS-containing protein and a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms catalyzing FeS cluster assembly. The second allows to include metabolic and environmental constraints within the analysis of FeS homeostasis. The interplay and the cross talk between the two approaches have been a key strategy to reach a multileveled integrated understanding of FeS cluster homeostasis. In this chapter, we describe the genetic and biochemical/biophysical strategies that were used in the field of FeS cluster biogenesis, with the aim of providing the reader with a critical view of both approaches. In addition to the description of classic tricks and a series of recommendations, we will also discuss models as well as spectroscopic techniques useful to characterize FeS clusters such as UV-visible, Mössbauer, electronic paramagnetic resonance, resonance Raman, circular dichroism, and nuclear magnetic resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Ollagnier de Choudens
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, BioCat, Grenoble, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, BioCat, UMR, Grenoble, France; CEA-Grenoble, DRF/BIG/CBM, Grenoble, France.
| | - Frédéric Barras
- Laboratoire Chimie Bactérienne, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, Marseille, France.
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94
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Kubistova L, Dvoracek L, Tkadlec J, Melter O, Licha I. Environmental Stress Affects the Formation of Staphylococcus aureus Persisters Tolerant to Antibiotics. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:547-555. [PMID: 28813617 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to form persisters has been observed in many microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, mainly in the context of chronic infections and the pathogenicity of these microbes. In our research, we have demonstrated that salt or oxidative stress could play a role in the formation of S. aureus persisters outside the host's intracellular interface. We pre-exposed planktonic growing bacterial culture to an oxidative or salt stress and monitored the dynamics of persister formation after ciprofloxacin and gentamicin treatment. In parallel, using the quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach, we determined the expression level of the stress sigma factor SigB. The pre-exposure of bacteria to salt stress caused a 1-2.5 order of magnitude increase in persister formation in the bacterial population after antibiotic exposure, depending on the type and concentration of the antibiotic used. In contrast, oxidative stress only minimally influenced the formation of persisters, without correlation to the antibiotic type and concentration. We have demonstrated that both stress and antibiotic exposure increase the expression of sigB in bacterial populations from very early on. And that the expression level of sigB differs with the type of antibiotic and stress, but no correlation was observed between persister formation and sigB expression. The method used could be helpful in testing the ability that strains can have, to form persisters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Kubistova
- 1 Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Dvoracek
- 1 Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tkadlec
- 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague, Czech Republic .,3 Department of Medical Microbiology, Motol University Hospital , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oto Melter
- 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague, Czech Republic .,3 Department of Medical Microbiology, Motol University Hospital , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Licha
- 1 Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague, Czech Republic
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95
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Lethality of MalE-LacZ hybrid protein shares mechanistic attributes with oxidative component of antibiotic lethality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9164-9169. [PMID: 28794281 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707466114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream metabolic events can contribute to the lethality of drugs or agents that interact with a primary cellular target. In bacteria, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with the lethal effects of a variety of stresses including bactericidal antibiotics, but the relative contribution of this oxidative component to cell death depends on a variety of factors. Experimental evidence has suggested that unresolvable DNA problems caused by incorporation of oxidized nucleotides into nascent DNA followed by incomplete base excision repair contribute to the ROS-dependent component of antibiotic lethality. Expression of the chimeric periplasmic-cytoplasmic MalE-LacZ72-47 protein is an historically important lethal stress originally identified during seminal genetic experiments that defined the SecY-dependent protein translocation system. Multiple, independent lines of evidence presented here indicate that the predominant mechanism for MalE-LacZ lethality shares attributes with the ROS-dependent component of antibiotic lethality. MalE-LacZ lethality requires molecular oxygen, and its expression induces ROS production. The increased susceptibility of mutants sensitive to oxidative stress to MalE-LacZ lethality indicates that ROS contribute causally to cell death rather than simply being produced by dying cells. Observations that support the proposed mechanism of cell death include MalE-LacZ expression being bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal in cells that overexpress MutT, a nucleotide sanitizer that hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGTP to the monophosphate, or that lack MutM and MutY, DNA glycosylases that process base pairs involving 8-oxo-dGTP. Our studies suggest stress-induced physiological changes that favor this mode of ROS-dependent death.
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96
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Lleonart ME, Grodzicki R, Graifer DM, Lyakhovich A. Mitochondrial dysfunction and potential anticancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1275-1298. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Grodzicki
- Thomas Steitz Laboratory; Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut
| | | | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Oncology Program; Vall D'Hebron Research Institute; Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk; Russia
- International Clinical Research Center and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Czech Republic
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97
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Kashyap DR, Kuzma M, Kowalczyk DA, Gupta D, Dziarski R. Bactericidal peptidoglycan recognition protein induces oxidative stress in Escherichia coli through a block in respiratory chain and increase in central carbon catabolism. Mol Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28621879 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins (PGRPs) kill both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through simultaneous induction of oxidative, thiol and metal stress responses in bacteria. However, metabolic pathways through which PGRPs induce these bactericidal stress responses are unknown. We screened Keio collection of Escherichia coli deletion mutants and revealed that deleting genes for respiratory chain flavoproteins or for tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle resulted in increased resistance of E. coli to PGRP killing. PGRP-induced killing depended on the production of hydrogen peroxide, which required increased supply of NADH for respiratory chain oxidoreductases from central carbon catabolism (glycolysis and TCA cycle), and was controlled by cAMP-Crp. Bactericidal PGRP induced a rapid decrease in respiration, which suggested that the main source of increased production of hydrogen peroxide was a block in respiratory chain and diversion of electrons from NADH oxidoreductases to oxygen. CpxRA two-component system was a negative regulator of PGRP-induced oxidative stress. By contrast, PGRP-induced thiol stress (depletion of thiols) and metal stress (increase in intracellular free Zn2+ through influx of extracellular Zn2+ ) were mostly independent of oxidative stress. Thus, manipulating pathways that induce oxidative, thiol and metal stress in bacteria could be a useful strategy to design new approaches to antibacterial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Des R Kashyap
- Indiana University, School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN, 46408, USA
| | - Marcin Kuzma
- Indiana University, School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN, 46408, USA
| | | | - Dipika Gupta
- Indiana University, School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN, 46408, USA
| | - Roman Dziarski
- Indiana University, School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN, 46408, USA
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98
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Geisinger E, Isberg RR. Interplay Between Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence During Disease Promoted by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:S9-S17. [PMID: 28375515 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals are the outcome of complex relationships between several dynamic factors, including bacterial pathogenicity, the fitness costs of resistance in the human host, and selective forces resulting from interventions such as antibiotic therapy. The emergence and fate of mutations that drive antibiotic resistance are governed by these interactions. In this review, we will examine how different forms of antibiotic resistance modulate bacterial fitness and virulence potential, thus influencing the ability of pathogens to evolve in the context of nosocomial infections. We will focus on 3 important multidrug-resistant pathogens that are notoriously problematic in hospitals: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus. An understanding of how antibiotic resistance mutations shape the pathobiology of multidrug-resistant infections has the potential to drive novel strategies that can control the development and spread of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Geisinger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and.,Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ralph R Isberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and.,Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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99
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Herisse M, Duverger Y, Martin-Verstraete I, Barras F, Ezraty B. Silver potentiates aminoglycoside toxicity by enhancing their uptake. Mol Microbiol 2017; 105:115-126. [PMID: 28383153 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The predicted shortage in new antibiotics has prompted research for chemicals that could act as adjuvant and enhance efficacy of available antibiotics. In this study, we tested the effects of combining metals with aminoglycosides on Escherichia coli survival. The best synergizing combination resulted from mixing aminoglycosides with silver. Using genetic and aminoglycoside uptake assays, we showed that silver potentiates aminoglycoside action in by-passing the PMF-dependent step, but depended upon protein translation. We showed that oxidative stress or Fe-S cluster destabilization were not mandatory factors for silver potentiating action. Last, we showed that silver allows aminoglycosides to kill an E. coli gentamicin resistant mutant as well as the highly recalcitrant anaerobic pathogen Clostridium difficile. Overall this study delineates the molecular basis of silver's potentiating action on aminoglycoside toxicity and shows that use of metals might offer solutions for battling against increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Herisse
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7283, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Yohann Duverger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7283, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Martin-Verstraete
- Institut Pasteur 25-28, rue du Docteur Roux, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Barras
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7283, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Ezraty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7283, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009, Marseille, France
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100
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Dharmaraja AT. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Therapeutics and Drug Resistance in Cancer and Bacteria. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3221-3240. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allimuthu T. Dharmaraja
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Comprehensive Cancer
Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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