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Koneru SL, Quah FX, Ghose R, Hintze M, Gritti N, van Zon JS, Barkoulas M. A role for the fusogen eff-1 in epidermal stem cell number robustness in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9787. [PMID: 33963222 PMCID: PMC8105389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental patterning in Caenorhabditis elegans is known to proceed in a highly stereotypical manner, which raises the question of how developmental robustness is achieved despite the inevitable stochastic noise. We focus here on a population of epidermal cells, the seam cells, which show stem cell-like behaviour and divide symmetrically and asymmetrically over post-embryonic development to generate epidermal and neuronal tissues. We have conducted a mutagenesis screen to identify mutants that introduce phenotypic variability in the normally invariant seam cell population. We report here that a null mutation in the fusogen eff-1 increases seam cell number variability. Using time-lapse microscopy and single molecule fluorescence hybridisation, we find that seam cell division and differentiation patterns are mostly unperturbed in eff-1 mutants, indicating that cell fusion is uncoupled from the cell differentiation programme. Nevertheless, seam cell losses due to the inappropriate differentiation of both daughter cells following division, as well as seam cell gains through symmetric divisions towards the seam cell fate were observed at low frequency. We show that these stochastic errors likely arise through accumulation of defects interrupting the continuity of the seam and changing seam cell shape, highlighting the role of tissue homeostasis in suppressing phenotypic variability during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha L Koneru
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Fu Xiang Quah
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ritobrata Ghose
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Hintze
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nicola Gritti
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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52
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A two-tier junctional mechanism drives simultaneous tissue folding and extension. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1469-1483.e5. [PMID: 33891900 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During embryo development, tissues often undergo multiple concomitant changes in shape. It is unclear which signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms are responsible for multiple simultaneous tissue shape transformations. We focus on the process of concomitant tissue folding and extension that is key during gastrulation and neurulation. We use the Drosophila embryo as model system and focus on the process of mesoderm invagination. Here, we show that the prospective mesoderm simultaneously folds and extends. We report that mesoderm cells, under the control of anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral gene patterning synergy, establish two sets of adherens junctions at different apical-basal positions with specialized functions: while apical junctions drive apical constriction initiating tissue bending, lateral junctions concomitantly drive polarized cell intercalation, resulting in tissue convergence-extension. Thus, epithelial cells devise multiple specialized junctional sets that drive composite morphogenetic processes under the synergistic control of apparently orthogonal signaling sources.
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53
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Hudson C, Yasuo H. Neuromesodermal Lineage Contribution to CNS Development in Invertebrate and Vertebrate Chordates. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040592. [PMID: 33920662 PMCID: PMC8073528 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascidians are invertebrate chordates and the closest living relative to vertebrates. In ascidian embryos a large part of the central nervous system arises from cells associated with mesoderm rather than ectoderm lineages. This seems at odds with the traditional view of vertebrate nervous system development which was thought to be induced from ectoderm cells, initially with anterior character and later transformed by posteriorizing signals, to generate the entire anterior-posterior axis of the central nervous system. Recent advances in vertebrate developmental biology, however, show that much of the posterior central nervous system, or spinal cord, in fact arises from cells that share a common origin with mesoderm. This indicates a conserved role for bi-potential neuromesoderm precursors in chordate CNS formation. However, the boundary between neural tissue arising from these distinct neural lineages does not appear to be fixed, which leads to the notion that anterior-posterior patterning and neural fate formation can evolve independently.
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54
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Gómez-Gálvez P, Vicente-Munuera P, Anbari S, Buceta J, Escudero LM. The complex three-dimensional organization of epithelial tissues. Development 2021; 148:148/1/dev195669. [PMID: 33408064 DOI: 10.1242/dev.195669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular organization of tissues is key to developmental biology. In order to deal with this complex problem, researchers have taken advantage of reductionist approaches to reveal fundamental morphogenetic mechanisms and quantitative laws. For epithelia, their two-dimensional representation as polygonal tessellations has proved successful for understanding tissue organization. Yet, epithelial tissues bend and fold to shape organs in three dimensions. In this context, epithelial cells are too often simplified as prismatic blocks with a limited plasticity. However, there is increasing evidence that a realistic approach, even from a reductionist perspective, must include apico-basal intercalations (i.e. scutoidal cell shapes) for explaining epithelial organization convincingly. Here, we present an historical perspective about the tissue organization problem. Specifically, we analyze past and recent breakthroughs, and discuss how and why simplified, but realistic, in silico models require scutoidal features to address key morphogenetic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gómez-Gálvez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Vicente-Munuera
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samira Anbari
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18018, USA
| | - Javier Buceta
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), CSIC-UV, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Luis M Escudero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain .,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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55
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Vijayan A, Tofanelli R, Strauss S, Cerrone L, Wolny A, Strohmeier J, Kreshuk A, Hamprecht FA, Smith RS, Schneitz K. A digital 3D reference atlas reveals cellular growth patterns shaping the Arabidopsis ovule. eLife 2021; 10:e63262. [PMID: 33404501 PMCID: PMC7787667 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in biology is how morphogenesis integrates the multitude of processes that act at different scales, ranging from the molecular control of gene expression to cellular coordination in a tissue. Using machine-learning-based digital image analysis, we generated a three-dimensional atlas of ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana, enabling the quantitative spatio-temporal analysis of cellular and gene expression patterns with cell and tissue resolution. We discovered novel morphological manifestations of ovule polarity, a new mode of cell layer formation, and previously unrecognized subepidermal cell populations that initiate ovule curvature. The data suggest an irregular cellular build-up of WUSCHEL expression in the primordium and new functions for INNER NO OUTER in restricting nucellar cell proliferation and the organization of the interior chalaza. Our work demonstrates the analytical power of a three-dimensional digital representation when studying the morphogenesis of an organ of complex architecture that eventually consists of 1900 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athul Vijayan
- Plant Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Rachele Tofanelli
- Plant Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Sören Strauss
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneGermany
| | - Lorenzo Cerrone
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Adrian Wolny
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
| | - Joanna Strohmeier
- Plant Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Anna Kreshuk
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
| | - Fred A Hamprecht
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Richard S Smith
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneGermany
| | - Kay Schneitz
- Plant Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
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Fiuza UM, Negishi T, Rouan A, Yasuo H, Lemaire P. A Nodal/Eph signalling relay drives the transition from apical constriction to apico-basal shortening in ascidian endoderm invagination. Development 2020; 147:dev.186965. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.186965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gastrulation is the first major morphogenetic event during animal embryogenesis. Ascidian gastrulation starts with the invagination of 10 endodermal precursor cells between the 64- and late 112-cell stages. This process occurs in the absence of endodermal cell division and in two steps, driven by myosin-dependent contractions of the acto-myosin network. First, endoderm precursors constrict their apex. Second, they shorten apico-basally, while retaining small apical surfaces, thereby causing invagination. The mechanisms that prevent endoderm cell division, trigger the transition between step 1 and step 2, and drive apico-basal shortening have remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate a conserved role for Nodal and Eph signalling during invagination in two distantly related ascidian species, Phallusia mammillata and Ciona intestinalis. Specifically, we show that the transition to step 2 is triggered by Nodal relayed by Eph signalling. Additionally, our results indicate that Eph signalling lengthens the endodermal cell cycle, independently of Nodal. Finally, we find that both Nodal and Eph signals are dispensable for endoderm fate specification. These results illustrate commonalities as well as differences in the action of Nodal during ascidian and vertebrate gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla-Maj Fiuza
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Takefumi Negishi
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Alice Rouan
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Hitoyoshi Yasuo
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
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